Menene rikicewar ciwon sukari?

Kamar yadda aikin kwanan nan na masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Bincike na Cutar ciwon sukari na Joslin (Amurka) ya nuna, wasu ƙwararrun sanannun masu ciwon sukari suna sarrafawa don gujewa faruwa ko kusan dukkanin manyan rikice-rikice na wannan cutar.

Ya bayyana cewa mutane da yawa marasa lafiya na iya rayuwa na dogon lokaci tare da ciwon sukari na 1 ba tare da haɓakar rikice-rikice-rayuwa masu haɗari ba daga sassa daban-daban da tsarin. Neman bayani game da wannan bashi da sauki. Binciken ya nuna cewa rashi ko kuma bayyanannun bayyanar cututtuka na iya danganta kai tsaye da sarrafa glucose na jini.

Istswararru ba sa rarrabewa da mahimmancin kamun kai da ciwon sukari, kodayake, ana iya haɗa wasu hanyoyin a cikin kariya daga haɗarin haɗari.

Bincike

Masana kimiyya sun bincika marasa lafiya 351. Dukkansu sun rayu tare da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na shekaru 50. Matsakaicin shekarun mahalarta karatun kusan shekaru 68 ne, kuma an gano cutar ne tun tana da kimanin shekaru 11. Endocrinologists sun nemi rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari a cikin marasa lafiya, irin su retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy.

Ya juya cewa a cikin 43% na marasa lafiya babu bayyanannun rikice-rikice daga idanu, 87% na marasa lafiya ba su sha wahala daga wani karkacewa daga kodan, 39% na mahalarta binciken ba su da rikicewar jijiyoyin cutar, kuma 52% na marasa lafiya ba su da rikice-rikice na zuciya. Gabaɗaya, kusan 20% na marasa lafiya sun yi nasarar guje wa ci gaban rikitarwa daga idanu, kodan, da tsarin juyayi.

Dukkan masu ba da agaji suna da matakan sukari na jini waɗanda suke al'ada. Hakanan an kiyasta abubuwan da ke cikin haemoglobin (HbA1C), wanda ke nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin glucose a cikin watanni ukun da suka gabata. Ya kai kusan 7.3%. Masana ilimin Endocrinologists suna ba da shawara don kiyaye matakan haemoglobin na glycated a cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na ciki a cikin 7% da ke ƙasa. Don haka, saka idanu na kansa na masu ciwon sukari a cikin duk marasa lafiya suna da kyau.

Koyaya, masu binciken sunyi sha'awar wani bayani don irin wannan ingantacciyar hanyar cutar. Don yin wannan, sun kimanta abubuwan gina jiki na iyali na musamman - ƙarshen samfuran abubuwan haɓaka glycosylation (CPAG) - tsakanin duk mahalarta a cikin gwajin. Matsayinsu yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka glucose a cikin jini. Ya juya ga cewa a cikin waɗancan marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da babban matakin KPUG guda biyu, rikitarwa ya faru sau bakwai sau da yawa.

Ga masana kimiyya, wannan abin mamaki ne. Tabbas, sauran haɗuwa da kwayoyin KPUG zahiri suna kare marasa lafiya daga rikicewa daga idanu. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa wasu hadadden na CPAG bazai zama mai guba ga kyallen ba kamar yadda aka yi zato a baya, suna kare jiki daga rikicewa.

A cewar masu binciken, a wasu marasa lafiya da ke da isasshen ingantaccen nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, tsawon shekaru, ana iya kirkirar hanyoyin kariya daga mummunan tasirin cutar ta CMH. Wadannan abubuwan kariya sun sa kwayoyin CNG su zama mai guba.

Bugu da kari, wanda ya isa ya manta game da haka: “tsofaffin” masu ciwon sukari wadanda suka shiga cikin binciken suna daukar dawainiyar kansu da lafiyar su. Lokacin da suka kamu da ciwon sukari, ba a san kaɗan game da cutar ba. Kuma har ma fiye da haka, masana kimiyya ba su da masaniya game da hanyoyin dabarun zalunci da kariya daga cutar.

A wannan lokacin, likitocin ba su ma gaya wa marassa lafiyar ba game da buƙatar tsananin ƙwayar sarrafa sukari a cikin jini. Saboda haka, ƙarin nazarin tsarin cutar a cikin waɗannan marasa lafiya na iya taimakawa sauran mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari.

Cutar Ruwa

Sanadin rikice-rikice a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin mafi yawan lokuta sakaci ne na lafiyarka, magani mara kyau ko rashinsa cikakke. Wani lokacin mutum na iya lura da rashin lafiyar sa, kuma ciwon suga yana riga yana lalata jikinsa. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.

Yawancin sakamako mara kyau na haifar da sannu-sannu kuma sananne ba nan da nan. Wasu lokuta shekaru 10-15 sun wuce kafin rikicewar ta wani yanayi ta nuna kanta, amma keta abubuwa a cikin aiki na rigakafi na iya bayyana nan da nan. Wani mutum ya fara rashin lafiya sau da yawa, rashin bacci yakan bayyana a jikinsa, kuma kowane, har ma ƙarami, raunuka ba su warke sosai. Kuma waɗannan bayyanannun bayyanannun ne kawai, canje-canje na ciki sun fi wahalar lura.

Wasu gabobin sun fi kamuwa da cutar kuma suna wahala da fari, wasu ba su da yawa. Za'a iya rarrabe rikice-rikice zuwa m da na kullum. Na farkon haɓaka da sauri, tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, ana iya hana su. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ketoacidosis da hypoglycemia, lactic acidotic da hyperosmolar coma. Na'urar cuta ta fi wahalar ganewa kuma alamu sun bayyana a ƙarshen, lokacin da abubuwan suka faru suna da matukar ƙarfi, suna buƙatar a daɗe da magani. Zai yuwu a hana ci gaban rikice-rikice, amma ya zama dole a bi shawarar likita sosai kuma a kula da matakin glucose.

A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, gabobin da ke biye da tsarin galibi suna wahala:

• Jinin jini
• Anya
• Kodan
• Tsarin Musculoskeletal,
• Psyche
• Rashin hankalin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki sun ɓace.

Ta yaya suke bayyana kansu, shin akwai matakan hana ci gaban su?

Lalacewar ido

Mafi rikitaccen rikice rikice shine cututtukan fata na ciwon sukari. Wannan rauni ne na kashin baya a cikin yanayin tabo ko tabowa na jini da kuma edema, wanda tsawon lokaci na iya haifar da ƙarancin ido da makanta. A cikin 25% na masu ciwon sukari, ana gano cutar nan da nan idan aka bincikar cutar sankara.

Dalilin haɓaka shine ƙara yawan glucose a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin ƙonewar tasoshin ƙwallon ido. Idan canje-canje ya shafi yankin na tsakiya, to ya zama mafi sauƙin gano su, saboda mai haƙuri yana da mummunan hasarar hangen nesa. Idan akwai wani abin da ya faru a cikin yankin na asusun, idan retina ba ta fara ɓoyewa ba, to alamun za ta ɓace kuma matsala za ta bayyana a matakai na gaba, lokacin da ba zai yuwu a canza komai ba.

Matsayi mai hanawa shine kawai sanya ido a kai a kai matakin glucose a cikin jini kuma a guji karuwarsa. Don sanin farkon ci gaban rikicewar cuta, ya kamata a kai a kai ziyarci likitan ido tare da gudanar da nazarin ɗakunan ajiya. Cutar da kan lokaci zai taimaka wajen kiyaye hangen nesan mutum.

Zaɓin magani na farko shine microcirculation haɓaka wakilai, bitamin da antioxidants. Alƙawarin zai yi tasiri idan baku manta ba ku kula da matakin sukari. Zaɓin magani na biyu shine photocoagulation na laser, amma koyaushe ba ya ba da sakamako 100%.

Bugu da kari, za a iya lura da hawan ruwan tabarau da kuma abubuwanda suka faru a baya. Ziyarar kai tsaye zuwa likitoci da kuma daidaita matakan sukari zasu taimaka wajen gujewa hakan. Yawan shan bitamin, abinci mai dacewa da magungunan rigakafin jiki zasu taimaka wa jiki guje wa bayyanar wannan cutar.

Ciyar da ƙananan ƙarshen

Mafi rikicewar cututtukan sukari shine lalacewar ƙananan ƙarshen. Zai iya zama polyneuropathy, micro - da macroangiopathy, arthropathy da ƙafafun sukari. Menene wannan

• Angiopathy - hargitsi a cikin aikin manya da ƙananan jijiyoyin jini, karuwa a cikin ƙwaƙƙwaran su, samuwar ƙyallen jini da filayen cholesterol a cikin jijiyoyin, jijiyoyin jini da kuma ganuwar garkuwar jiki.
• Arthropia - bayyanar jin zafi a cikin gidajen abinci da raguwa a cikin motsi su, ƙaru da yawa na ƙwayar haɗin gwiwa, bayyanar "crunch" a cikin kasusuwa.
• Polyneuropathy yana asarar zazzabi da ƙwarewar jin zafi, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen. Alamu: ƙanƙancewa, ƙonewa, yatsun da "guzirin." Sakamakon asarar jijiyoyi masu rauni, raunin da ya faru na iya faruwa wanda mutum bai lura da shi nan da nan ba.
• Kayan ciwon sukari cuta ce mai wahala. An kamanta shi da bayyanar wahalar warkar da raunuka tare da kasancewar hanyoyin purulent-necrotic ሂደቶች, rauni da lalacewar kasusuwa da gidajen abinci, fata da taushi mai taushi. mafi yawan sanadin yankan reshe a cikin masu ciwon suga.

Dalilin ci gaban rikitarwa shine raguwa a cikin ƙwayar jijiyoyin ƙoshin jijiyoyi, saboda wanda ƙananan raunin da scuffs ba su sani ba. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa suka shiga cikinsu, matakai daban-daban masu kumburi sukan fara haɓaka. Tunda an sami raguwar rigakafi, kuma fatar jiki ba taushi da saukin kai, sakamako na faruwa. Sakamakon haka, suna lura da lalacewa ta lokaci, kuma magani yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa.

Akwai nau'ikan raunuka guda 2: ischemic da neuropathic. Na farko ana nuna shi da ƙarancin zafin jiki na ƙafafun hannu, pallor na fata, rashin gashi, bayyanar raunuka a ƙafa da yatsunsu. Jin zafi yayin motsi da hutawa. Duk wannan zai nuna cin zarafi a cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Ga na biyu, alamun da ke ciki halaye ne: babu jin zafi, zazzabi, rawar jiki da jijiyoyin jiki, fatar jiki tana da zafi, fata keratinized da raunuka sun bayyana akan kafafu. Wannan yana nuna cewa jijiyoyin da suke ƙarshen ɗaya suna shafar kuma an lalata su.

A matsayin prophylaxis da rigakafin, kulawa ta yau da kullun ta likita da sauran ƙwararrun likitoci (neuropathologist, traumatologist, likita mai fiɗa), tsananin bin shawarar likitan halartar, kuma ana buƙatar sarrafa sukari da abinci mai gina jiki. Bugu da kari, kafafu yakamata a bincika kullun don raunuka da sauran raunin da ya faru. Ya kamata a wanke ƙafafun yau da kullun; ya kamata a cire fata mai ƙoshin lafiya akai-akai a cikin kayan gyaran gashi ko a gida. Ya kamata a sayi takalmin kwanciyar hankali kuma zai fi dacewa da fata, safa da safa dole ne a yi su daga kayan halitta kawai. Suna kuma buƙatar canza su kowace rana.

Ya kamata ku nemi shawarar likitanku a gaba game da yadda kuma yadda ake bi da raunuka. Bayyana yadda za a magance bushe kirar da rayayyiyar fata akan raunuka. Kada kuyi magani da magani kuma kar kuyi amfani da girke-girke na magani na madadin magani.

Lalacewar koda

Ba za a iya rage mahimmancin kodan a jikin mutum ba. Ana cire yawancin abubuwa na kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar wannan matatar halitta. Anara yawan glucose yana cutar dasu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa cutar ta shafi ƙananan tasoshin jini da capillaries, a sakamakon haka, hanyar tarwatsewa ta tarwatse kuma sun fara kawar da abubuwa masu amfani na furotin da gllu, kuma nephropathy yana haɓaka.

Za'a iya tantance kasancewar irin waɗannan canje-canje ta amfani da urinalysis. Yana ƙayyade babban abun da ke cikin furotin albumin. A matakin farko, har yanzu ana iya sake aiwatar da wannan tsari. Idan ba a dauki lokacin da ya dace ba, to wannan zai haifar da ci gaban renal.

Wannan kawai za'a iya magance shi idan an bi shawarar likita kuma idan matakan glucose na jini sun saba. Don lura da yanayin, ya kamata ku ɗauki gwajin fitsari akai-akai don jarrabawa, aƙalla lokaci 1 a kowane watanni shida. Hakanan wajibi ne don saka idanu akan abincin, yana da kyawawa don rage yawan ƙwayoyin dabbobi da gishiri.

Ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da rikitarwa gaba ɗaya daga masu ciwon sukari, amma lokacin haɓakarsu na iya motsawa har zuwa dama. Don yin wannan, ya isa don kare lafiyarka, ziyarci likitoci a kai a kai kuma ka kula da abinci mai gina jiki. Ciwon sukari ba magana ba ce, kawai kuna buƙatar koyon yadda ake rayuwa da shi daidai sannan rikice-rikice bazai bayyana da wuri ba.

Menene rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari?

Babban sukari na jini zai iya shafar wasu sassa na jiki:

Idanu. Ciwon sukari yana Kara Hadarin Jiki matsalolin hangen nesagami da makanta. Wannan cutar na iya haifar da: 1) kamuwa (ruwan tabarau na ido ya zama gajimare), 2) glaucoma (lalacewar jijiya wacce ke haɗa ido ga kwakwalwa da samar da kyakkyawan hangen nesa), 3) retinopathy (canje-canje a cikin retina a bayan idon).

Zuciya Babban sukari na jini zai iya lalata jijiyoyin jikinka. Wannan yana kara saurin kamuwa da cutar zuciya wacce zata iya haifar da bugun zuciya ko bugun zuciya. Hawan jini da hauhawar matsaloli na cholesterol.

Kodan. Ciwon sukari na iya shafar jijiyoyin jini a cikin ƙodan, yana sa su daina aiki. Bayan matsaloli da yawa na shekaru, suna iya dakatar da aiki.

Kafa. Babban sukari na jini zai iya lalata tsarin jini da jijiyoyi. Wannan na iya haifar da yanke, yankewa, ko raunuka don warkar da sannu a hankali. Kuna iya rasa abin mamaki a cikin kafafu, sakamakon wanda ba zaku lura da raunin da aka samu ba. Idan kamuwa da cuta ya yi tsanani, ƙafarku za a cire.

A jijiyoyi. Idan glucose na jini ya lalata jijiyoyinku, cututtukan zuciya ke faruwa. Kuna iya jin zafi, tingling, ko numbness, musamman a cikin kafafu.

Fata. Ciwon sukari na iya kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, itching, ko launin ruwan kasa ko tabon fata.

Matsalar gyarawa. Maza masu fama da ciwon sukari na iya zama haɗarin matsalolin jima'i. Bayan haka, babban matakan glucose a cikin jini na iya lalata tsarin jini da jijiyoyi.

Yaya za a rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar siga?

Kula da kyau da kuma ingantacciyar rayuwa ita ce babbar hanyar hana matsalolin lafiya da cutar sankara ke haifar. Bi waɗannan jagororin:

Kula da sukarin jininka. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau don guje wa rikice-rikice masu ciwon sukari. Matsayin glucose ɗinku ya kamata ya kasance cikin matakan lafiya: daga 70 zuwa 130 mg / dl kafin abinci, ƙasa da 180 mg / dl 2 sa'o'i bayan cin abinci, matakin glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c matakin) kusan 7%.

Kula da cutar hawan jini da cholesterol. Idan waɗannan kudaden sun yi yawa, to kuna da haɗarin cutar cututtukan zuciya. Tooƙarin kiyaye karfin jinin ka a ƙasa da 140/90 mm Hg, da kuma yawan kuɗin cholesterol a ko ƙasa da 200 mg / dl.

Samun gwaje-gwajen lafiya na yau da kullum. Fitsarin ciki da gwajin jini na iya taimakawa wajen gano duk wata matsalar rashin lafiya. Binciken na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci musamman saboda yawancin rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari ba su da alamun gargaɗi bayyananne.

Kar ku sha taba. Shan taba yana cutar da jininku kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar jini.

Kare idanunku. Gwada idanunku na shekara-shekara. Likita na iya neman duk wata lahani ko rashin lafiya.

Duba kafafunku kowace rana. Nemi kowane yanka, raunuka, yankewa, roƙo, ƙoshin yatsun, jan ciki ko kumburi. Wanke da bushe ƙafafunku sosai a kowace rana. Yi amfani da ruwan shafa fuska don guje wa bushewar fata ko sheqa mai fashewa. Saka takalma a kan kwalta mai zafi ko a bakin rairayin bakin teku, har ma da takalma da safa a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.

Kula da fata. Kiyaye shi ya bushe. Yi amfani da talcum foda a wuraren da ke iya tayar da hankali (kamar kibobi). Karka ɗauki ruwan zafi ko wanka. Danshi fata na jikinka da hannayenka. Yi ɗumi a lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi. Yi amfani da humidifier a cikin ɗakin kwana idan kun ji bushewa.