Ciwon sukari mellitus

Ciwon sukari mellitus (DM) matsala ce ta musamman wacce ke hana mutane da yawa na zamani damar rayuwa yadda suka saba. Duk manya da yara suna wahala daga hakan.

A lokaci guda, yawanci da adadin lokuta tare da kowane shekaru 10-15 kusan ninki biyu, kuma cutar kanta tana ƙarami.

Dangane da hasashen masana kimiyya, nan da shekarar 2030 kusan dukkan mazaunin duniyarmu 20 zasu iya fama da ciwon sukari daban-daban.

Janar rarrabuwa na cutar

Ciwon sukari mellitus wani nau'in cuta ne, bayyanar wanda ke tsokani cuta a cikin tsarin endocrine.

An kwatanta jikin mai haƙuri ta hanyar hauhawar sukari jini da riƙewa kullun a matakin da ba za a yarda da shi ba ga mai lafiya.

Irin waɗannan canje-canjen suna haifar da rikice-rikice na gaba a cikin aiki na tasoshin jini, lalata jini a cikin jini da rauni ga isowar oxygen na sel ƙwayoyin. Sakamakon haka, akwai gazawar wasu gabobin (idanu, huhu, ƙafar ƙananan hannu, ƙodan da sauran su), kuma haɓakar cututtukan haɗuwa suna faruwa.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da rikicewar rashin aiki a cikin jiki da hauhawar jini suna da yawa. Intensarfafawa da halaye na hanyarsa zai dogara da yanayin asalin cutar.

Don haka, gwargwadon sigogi na halaye na gaba ɗaya wanda likitocin halartar suka yi amfani da su, za a iya rarrabasu ciwon sukari cikin yanayi zuwa kashi biyu: (ya danganta da tsananin yanayin):

1. haske. Ana nuna wannan matakin ta hanyar karancin matakan sukari. Idan kun dauki gwajin jini don sukari a kan komai a ciki, mai nuna alama ba zai wuce 8 mmol / L ba. Tare da wannan nau'in hanyar cutar, don kula da yanayin haƙuri a cikin yanayin gamsarwa, rage cin abinci zai isa
2. matsakaici mai ƙarfi. Matsayi na glycemia a wannan matakin ya hau zuwa 14 mmol / l, idan kunyi gwajin jini na azumi. Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa ci gaban ketosis da ketoacidosis. Normalize yanayin da ciwon sukari na matsakaici na iya zama saboda abinci, ɗaukar matakan sukari, da kuma gabatarwar insulin (ba fiye da 40 OD kowace rana),
3. nauyi. Glycemia na azumi yana tsakanin 14 mmol / L. A lokacin rana ana samun sauƙaƙan haɓakawa mai yawa a matakan sukari. Kawai aikin insulin na yau da kullun, sashi na 60 OD, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin mai haƙuri.

Ba zai yiwu a iya tantance matsayin sakaci game da cutar ba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar shawo kan gwajin gwaje-gwaje da kuma saka idanu akai-akai na matakan sukari na jini ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje na gida na musamman.

WHO rarrabuwa

Har zuwa watan Oktoba 1999, aka yi amfani da tsarin cutar sikari wanda WHO ta karba a 1985 a magani. Koyaya, a cikin 1997, Kwamitin Kwararru na Diungiyar Maƙasudin Ciwon Fata ya gabatar da wani zaɓi don rabuwa, wanda ya dogara da ilimin da sakamakon karatu a cikin etiology, pathogenesis da kuma maganganun cututtukan sukari wanda masana kimiyya suka tara a wannan lokacin.

Ka'idar etiological shine tushen sabon rarrabewar cutar, sabili da haka, abubuwan banbancin "insulin-insulin-insulin" da "marasa insulin-da-suga" ba a cire su. A cewar masana, abubuwan da aka ambata a sama sun sa likitocin sun ɓace kuma sun sa baki a cikin gano cutar a wasu wuraren asibiti.

A wannan yanayin, an riƙe ma'anar nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na sukari da nau'in 2 na sukari mellitus. An soke manufar kamuwa da cutar sankara saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, tunda ba a tabbatar da cewa isasshen furotin zai iya haifar da haɓakar sukari na jini ba.

Duk da canje-canjen da WHO ta yi ga tsarin rarrabuwa, har yanzu wasu likitocin suna amfani da yanayin rabuwa da al'amuran asibiti cikin jinsuna.

Fibrocalculeous ciwon sukari, an yanke shawarar komawa zuwa yawan cututtukan da lalacewa ta hanyar aiki a cikin aikin babban aikin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na exocrine. Hakanan, matakan hawan sukari kawai a kan komai a ciki an haɗa su da wani rukuni daban. An yanke shawarar wannan yanayin a matsayin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin hanya ta yau da kullun yayin aikin glucose metabolism da kuma bayyanar masu ciwon sukari.

Insulin-dogara (type 1)

A da, ana kiran wannan nau'in karkatarwa da ƙuruciya, ƙuruciya ko ma'asumi. Tare da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ana buƙatar ci gaba da insulin don daidaita yanayin mai haƙuri, saboda jiki yana dakatar da samar da insulin a cikin adadin da ake buƙata don yanayin lafiya saboda damuwa a cikin hanyoyin halitta.

Cutar cututtukan da ke nuna nau'in ciwon sukari 1 sun haɗa da:

• matsanancin urination
• kullum jin yunwa da kishirwa,
• asarar nauyi
• karancin gani.

Kwayar cutar da aka lissafa a sama na iya bayyana kwatsam. Ciwon sukari na 1 yana haifar da matsala a cikin tsarin na rigakafi, a lokacin da jiki ke inganta ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga sel na farji. Rashin kamuwa da rigakafi yawanci yakan faru ne saboda kamuwa da cuta (hepatitis, chickenpox, rubella, mumps da sauran su da yawa).

Saboda yanayin abubuwan da ke tattare da bayyanar cutar, ba shi yiwuwa a hana faruwar hakan da ci gabanta.

Insulin 'yanci (nau'in 2)

Wannan shine ciwon sukari wanda ke faruwa a cikin manya. Dalilin ci gaban rikicewar cuta shine raguwa a cikin aiki mai amfani da insulin.

Yawancin lokaci Sanadin ciwon sukari shine kiba, ko kuma kawai yin kiba, rashin gatanci, ko damuwa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna kama da na masu ciwon sukari na 1. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, ba a ambatar su haka ba. A saboda wannan dalili, cutar a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ana gano shi bayan shekaru da yawa, lokacin da mai haƙuri yana da rikitarwa masu rikitarwa na farko.

Har zuwa kwanan nan, an gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 kawai tsakanin manya. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yara ma suna fama da wannan nau'in cutar.

Rashin wadatar glucose

Dangane da tsohuwar rarrabuwa, ba wai kawai ciwon siga na yau da kullun ba ne, tare da ƙari ko symptomsasa da alamun bayyanar, amma kuma nau'in cutar ta latti.

Tare da nau'in latent, matakin sukari na jini yana ƙaruwa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma bayan hakan baya raguwa na dogon lokaci.

Wannan yanayin ana kiransa mai fama da ƙarancin glucose. Yana, duk da zargin rashin lahani, ana iya canza shi zuwa nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da kuma wasu cututtuka da yawa.

Idan an dauki matakan a cikin lokaci, za a iya hana kamuwa da cutar sankara 10-15 kafin ta faru. Idan ba a gudanar da magani ba, a wannan lokacin ne wani abin al'ajabi kamar su "rashin wadatar glucose" zai iya zuwa su kamu da ciwon sukari na 2.

Ciwon ciki

Ciwon sukari yana tsoron wannan maganin, kamar wuta!

Kawai kawai buƙatar nema ...

Wannan wani nau'i ne na ciwon sukari wanda a cikin farko hyperglycemia ya fara bayyana ko ya zo da haske yayin daukar ciki.

Tare da cutar cututtukan ciki, rikice-rikice na iya faruwa yayin gestation da haihuwa.

Hakanan, irin waɗannan mata suna da haɗarin haɓakar kamuwa da cututtukan type 2. Yawanci, alamun wannan nau'in ciwon sukari yana latent ko laushi.

A saboda wannan dalili, gano cutar ba ya faruwa ne bisa bayanan da aka samo yayin binciken mai haƙuri, amma a yayin gwajin cikin mahaifar.

Siyarwa ta ƙarshe

Hakanan a cikin aikin likita, akwai irin wannan abu kamar "latent autoimmune diabetes."

Kwayar cutar an samo shi ne kawai a cikin manya, kuma alamomin ta suna tsakanin nau'in 2 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.

A mafi yawan lokuta, masu haƙuri da waɗannan alamun cutar suna kamuwa da cutar sukari ta 2. Lessarancin da aka saba amfani dashi shine ma'anar nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.5.