Menene glucagon hormone da glucagon miyagun ƙwayoyi

Glucagon "yunwar yunwa" ba a santa sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da insulin, kodayake waɗannan abubuwa biyu suna aiki a cikin ɗaure mai ƙarfi kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jikinmu. Glucagon shine ɗayan manyan kwayoyin halittar jiki na hanji, wanda, tare da insulin, ke da alhakin daidaita matakan glucose na jini. Shirye-shiryen Hormonal dangane da shi ana amfani da su sosai cikin magani don murmurewa daga cutar sankarar hanji da kuma shirye-shiryen kamuwa da cutar cututtukan mahaifa.

Tsarin da aikin glucagon

Ana kiran Glucagon daban, amma yawancin lokuta ana ƙira shi azaman hormone - antagonist na insulin. Masana kimiyya H. Kimball da J. Murlin sun gano sabon abu a cikin farji a cikin 1923, shekaru 2 bayan gano tarihin insulin. Amma a lokacin, mutane kima ne suka sani game da rawar da glucuagon din yake ciki.

A yau a cikin magani, ana amfani da manyan ayyukan 2 na "hormone yunwa" - hyperglycemic da bincike, duk da cewa a zahiri abu yana aiwatar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa a jiki gaba daya.

Glucagon furotin ne, mafi daidaitacce, hormone peptide a cikin tsarin sunadarai. Ta tsarin, shi ne polypeptide sarkar siliki wacce ta ƙunshi amino acid 29. An samo shi daga preproglucagon, polypeptide mafi ƙarfi wanda ya hada da amino acid 180.

Duk da mahimmancin glucagon a jiki, tsarin amino acid yana da sauƙi, kuma idan muka yi amfani da harshen kimiyya, “yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya”. Don haka, a cikin mutane, shanu, aladu da berayen, tsarin wannan kwayar halitta daidai yake. Saboda haka, ana samun shirye-shiryen glucagon ne daga cututtukan sa na sa ko alade.

Ayyuka da tasirin glucagon a cikin jiki

Sirrin glucagon yana faruwa a cikin sashin endocrine na pancreas a ƙarƙashin sunan mai ban sha'awa "tsibiri na Langerhans." Na biyar daga cikin tsibiran waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin alpha ne na musamman waɗanda ke samar da hormone.

Abubuwa 3 sun shafi aikin glucagon:

1. Yawan yawan glucose a cikin jini (faduwa a matakin sukari zuwa matakin mai mahimmanci na iya haifar da karuwa da yawa a cikin adadin “hormone yunwa” a cikin plasma).
2. Increasearuwar adadin amino acid a cikin jini, musamman alanine da arginine.
3. Ayyukan motsa jiki na aiki (horarwa mai ƙarewa a iyakar iyawar ɗan adam yana ƙara maida hankali akan kwayar ta sau 4-5).

Sau daya cikin jini, “kwayar yunwar” tana kutsawa cikin masu karban kwayoyin hanta, ta daure su kuma tana karfafa sakin glucose a cikin jini, tare da rike shi a barga, kuma kullun. Hakanan, sinadarin glucagon na pancreas yana aiwatar da wadannan ayyukan a cikin jiki:

• yana kunna rushewar lipid kuma yana rage cholesterol jini
• Yana haɓaka kwararar jini a cikin kodan
• yana haɓaka saurin fitar ƙwayar sodium daga jiki (kuma wannan yana haɓaka aikin zuciya)
• da hannu a cikin sabuntar ƙwayoyin hanta
• yana ƙarfafa sakin insulin daga sel

Hakanan, glucagon shine takaddama mai mahimmanci tare da haɗin gwiwar adrenaline don samar da amsawar "jihadi ko jirgin". Lokacin da aka saki adrenaline a cikin jini, glucagon yana ƙaruwa da yawan glucose kusan nan take don ciyar da tsokoki na kasusuwa, kuma yana inganta wadatar iskar oxygen.

Hanyar

Hanyar aikin glucagon yana faruwa ne saboda ɗaukar nauyinta ga takamaiman masu karɓar glucagon na sel hanta. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin ayyukan tallatawa na adenylate mai rikitarwa na G-protein da haɓaka samuwar cAMP. Sakamakon yana ƙaruwa catabolism na glycogen da aka ajiye a cikin hanta (glycogenolysis). Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 2198 ba Glucagon don hepatocytes yana aiki a matsayin siginar waje game da buƙatar sakin glucose a cikin jini sakamakon rushewar glycogen (glycogenolysis) ko kuma haɗuwar glucose daga wasu abubuwa - gluconeogenesis. Kwayar ta danganta ga mai karɓa a cikin membrane na plasma kuma tana kunna adenylate cyclase, wanda ke ɗaukar nauyin cAMP daga ATP, ta hanyar G-protein. Mai biyo baya shine halayen da ke haifar da hanta zuwa kunnawar glycogen phosphorylase da hanawar glycogen synthase. Wannan hanyar yana haifar da sakin glucose-1-phosphate daga glycogen, wanda aka canza zuwa glucose-6-phosphate. Sannan, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar glucose-6-phosphatase, an samar da glucose kyauta, wanda zai iya fita kwayar zuwa cikin jini. Don haka, glucagon a cikin hanta, yana ƙarfafa rushewar glycogen, yana taimakawa wajen kula da glucose a cikin jini akai-akai. Glucagon shima yana kunna gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, da ketogenesis a hanta.

Glucagon kusan ba shi da tasiri a cikin glycogen na tsokoki na kasusuwa, a fili saboda kusan cikakkiyar rashi na masu karɓar glucagon a cikinsu. Glucagon yana haifar da haɓaka ƙwayar insulin daga ƙwayoyin panc-lafiyayyen ƙwayar jiki da hana aikin insulinase. Wannan, a fili, yana] aya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su ne na magance zazzabin cizon sauro.

Glucagon yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi inotropic da chronotropic akan myocardium saboda karuwar cAMP (shine, yana da tasirin kama da aikin ag-adrenergic recepor agonists, amma ba tare da haɗa tsarin β-adrenergic a cikin ganin wannan tasirin ba). Sakamakon shine karuwa a cikin karfin jini, haɓakawa da yawaita da ƙarfin bugun zuciya.

A cikin babban taro, glucagon yana haifar da sakamako mai ƙarfi na antispasmodic, shakatawa na santsi na tsokoki na gabobin ciki, musamman hanji, ba a cikin sulhu ta hanyar talla ba.

Glucagon yana cikin aiwatar da halayen 'bugun gudu ko gudu' ', samar da wadataccen abubuwa masu ƙarfi (musamman, glucose, mai mai kyauta, keto acid) don kasusuwa kwarangwal da haɓaka samar da jini zuwa tsokoki na kasusuwa ta hanyar haɓaka aikin zuciya. Bugu da ƙari, glucagon yana ƙara ɓoye catecholamines ta adrenal medulla kuma yana ƙara haɓakar jijiyoyin jikin zuwa catecholamines, wanda kuma ya fi dacewa da aiwatar da "buguwa ko gudu" halayen.

Fom ɗin saki

Ampoules a karkashin sunayen 669, 668, 667, 666.

Lyophilized foda don maganin allurar karkara a cikin vials:

• nau'i guda na miyagun ƙwayoyi, 1 MG na kayan aiki mai aiki, cikakke tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin girman 5 ml,
• nau'i na sake amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, 2 MG na abu mai aiki a cikin kit tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin girman 5 ml ko 10 MG na abu mai aiki a cikin kit tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin girman 10 ml.

Magunguna da magunguna

Glucagon kayan aiki ne wanda ke kunshe da kwayar halitta ta biosynthetic da Glucagon mutum, duka zaɓuɓɓuka iri ɗaya ne a tsari.

Pharmacodynamics

Glucagon hormone ne wanda yake shirya glycogen hanta, wanda a yayinsa aka sake shi ta hanyar glucose cikin jini. Glucagon ba shi da tasiri a cikin rashi glycogen a hanta. Sakamakon Glucagon hormone shine sakaci a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su cinye abinci ba na dogon lokaci, a cikin mutane masu fama da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, ƙarancin adrenal ko tare da hypoglycemia na giya.

Hakanan, aikin glucagon shine don haɓaka ruɓewa. catecholamines. A dakwannadama yana iya haifar da sakin jiki fiye da kima catecholamines, wanda ke haifar da saurin hauhawa a cikin matsin lamba. Yana hana sautin kuma yana raunana motsin motsi na jijiya mai narkewa.

Pharmacokinetics

An bayyane shi da taimakon enzymes a cikin gabobin da jini. Cutar hanta da kodan suna da tasiri a cikin yankewar kwayar. Cire rabin rayuwar yayi mintuna 4-5. Lokacin da aka gudanar da shi ta hanyar ciki, za a fara gyara sakamako a cikin minti daya bayan gudanarwa. Tsawan lokacin aiwatarwa daga mintuna 5-20.

Bayan gudanarwar jijiyar ciki, ana iya ganin aikin farawa bayan mintuna 7 zuwa 15 kuma yana iya zuwa minti 40. A cikin lura da mummunan siffofin hypoglycemicjihohi tasiri kan taro glucose a cikin jini ana tsammanin a matsakaita minti 10 bayan aikace-aikacen.

Alamu don amfani

• far yawan hailaa cikin marasa lafiya suna wahala ciwon sukari,
• azaman karin kayan aiki a cikin karatun rediyo na koda, ciki da hanji,
• rawar jiki far tare da ilimin hauka.

Side effects

Abubuwan da ke haifar da illa mafi yawan lokuta shine amai da tashin zuciya, musamman lokacin amfani da kashi fiye da 1 MG ko tare da hanzarta gudanar da maganin (har zuwa minti 1). A lokuta rarer, sakandare yawan haila.

• halayen rigakafi: abubuwan rashin damuwa har zuwa amafflactic rawar jiki,
• narkewa da tsarin halayen: tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ciki.

Umarnin don amfani da glucagon (hanya da sashi)

Dangane da alamomin asibiti, yawanci ana sarrafa maganin a gwargwadon sashi na 0.5 ko 1 a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, a cikin jijiya ko intramuscularly.

Don mayar da hannun jari glycogen a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta da hana ci gaba sakandare hypoglycemia Ya kamata a dauki carbohydrates bayan allurar da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Idan amfani da glucagon ba shi da tasiri, ana bada shawarar gudanarwa glucose cikin intravenally.

Yawan abin sama da ya kamata

Tare da gabatarwar babban adadin magani, tashin zuciya ko amai na iya faruwa. Kulawa ta musamman a cikin waɗannan lamuran, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a buƙatar. Za'a iya lura da raguwa cikin abun ciki. potassiuma cikin jini na jini. Wannan sabon abu yana buƙatar gyara da saka idanu idan ya cancanta.

Haɗa kai

Glucagon mataki antagonistic zuwa mataki insulin.

A bango na magani masu hana beta gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya haifar da ƙarfi samarin da kara matsin lamba.

Tare da amfani da lokaci daya Indomethacin da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya rasa ikonta don ƙara taro glucosea cikin jini.

Idan aka hada shi da Warfarin na iya inganta tasirin ta.

Alamu don amfani

Yin amfani da maganin glucagon miyagun ƙwayoyi an nuna shi a cikin irin wannan yanayi:

• Jiyya na hypoglycemia (da rage karfin sukari jini) a cikin mutane masu ciwon sukari
• Don wani bangare na taimako na gwaji irin na farji da cututtukan hanji da na jijiyoyin jini
• Shock far a cikin tabin hankali.

Ka'idar glucagon a cikin jini da rushewar sa

Yawan glucagon a cikin jini ya bambanta ga yara da manya. A cikin yara 4-14 shekara, matakin "hormone yunwa" na iya bambanta tsakanin 0-148 pg / ml, ga manya an yarda da 20-100 pg / ml. Amma idan mai nuna alamar glucagon ya faɗi ko ya sauka a ƙasa ƙimar ƙa'idodi, wannan na iya siginar matsaloli iri-iri a jiki.

Raguwar matakin glucagon a cikin jini sau da yawa yana nuna ƙwayar cystic fibrosis, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta mai ƙwanƙwasa, kuma ana gano shi bayan cututtukan fata (cire ƙwayar cutar).

Increaseara yawan matakan hormone alama ce mai yiwuwar waɗannan cututtukan masu zuwa:

• nau'in ciwon sukari guda 1
• glucagonoma (tumo na sashin sel na sel a cikin farji)
• m pancreatitis
• cirrhosis
• Ciwon Cusus
• na kullum na koda
• m hypoglycemia
• kowane matsananciyar damuwa (raunin da ya faru, ƙonewa, aiki, da sauransu)

Abun ciki da nau'i na saki

A cikin 1 ampoule No. 666 ya ƙunshi 49 mg na lactose da 1 MG na glucagon a cikin nau'i na hydrochloride. 1 kwalban No. 667 - glycerin, phenol (abin hana aifuwa) da kuma kayan aiki mai aiki a cikin adadin. 1 kwalban No. 668 na abu guda mai aiki daidai gwargwado kuma 140 MG na lactose. Kwalbar 1 No. 669 ta ƙunshi 10 mg na glucagon hydrochloride, glycerol da phenol.

Farin lyophilisate a cikin ampoules don dilution tare da ruwa mai bakararre. Don tsari guda ɗaya - 1 MG na wakili mai aiki + 5 ml na sauran ƙarfi. Wani nau'in sakewa - 2 MG na miyagun ƙwayoyi + 5 ml na sauran ƙarfi ko 10 MG na miyagun ƙwayoyi da 10 ml na sauran ƙarfi.

Hanyoyin warkarwa

Glucagen yana da kaddarorin hyperglycemic, i.e. - Yana haɓaka sukari na jini, kasancewa ɗan kwadagon insulin. Magungunan roba yana da alaƙa da sihirin halitta na jikin mutum. Wannan kwayar halitta tana da ikon tattara glycogen, kwayar halitta wacce ke faruwa a hanta, sannan aka sake ta zuwa cikin jini a cikin yanayin glucose. Idan ajiyar ajikin ta a cikin hanta ta lalace sosai, to maganin bazai taimaka ba.

Magungunan suna da mummunar tasiri a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke fama da matsananciyar yunwa na dogon lokaci, sun sha giya, da kuma a cikin marasa lafiyar da ke fama da rashin isasshen abinci. Magungunan suna da aikin ƙarfafa catecholamines, saboda haka hawan jini zai iya faruwa. Hakanan, bayan gudanarwa, sautin tsokoki na hanji yana raguwa, peristalsis yana raunana, wanda a ƙarshe zai haifar da atony na hanji da tsokani maƙarƙashiya.

Bayan shiga jikin mutum, magungunan tare da taimakon mahadi enzyme ya karye a kyallen, gabobi da jini. Tsarin Hormonal ya dogara da ma'aunin hanta da koda koda kai tsaye. Rabin rayuwar mutum yayi gajarta, har zuwa minti biyar. Idan ka shigar da maganin a cikin ciki, zai sami sakamako na warkewa bayan dakika 60, kuma tsawon lokacin tasirin zai wuce zuwa minti 20 a jere. Idan aka gabatar da glucagon a cikin tsoka, to, farkon tasirin yana bunkasa sosai a hankali, har zuwa minti 10, amma tsawon lokacin sakamako shine a kalla minti 40.

Hanyar aikace-aikace

Matsakaicin farashin magani a Rasha kusan 800 rubles a kowace fakiti.

Koyarwar Glucagon yana nuna cewa sigar asali shine 0.5 IU ko 1 IU na miyagun ƙwayoyi a lokaci guda. Ana iya gudanar dashi ta hanyar subcutaneously, intramuscularly ko intravenously. Additionalarin nuni shine cewa bayan allura ya fi kyau a ci abincin carbohydrate don sake cika ɗakunan glycogen a cikin hanta. Idan magani bai taimaka ba, zai fi kyau a gudanar da glucose a cikin jijiya.

A lokacin daukar ciki da shayarwa

Zai yuwu, amma a hankali, tare da cikakken iko akan yanayin mai haƙuri da tayin ko jariri.

Yanayin ajiya

• kar a bada izinin daskarewa magungunan, don kada a lalata lalata sirinji tare da daskararren da ke ciki,
• adana a yanayin zafi har zuwa 25 ° C kawai a cikin kunshin na asali,
• A kashe wutar lantarki
• ya kamata a gudanar da shirye-shiryen da aka shirya don amfani kai tsaye bayan shiri. Kada ku bar maganin da aka tanada don amfanin ƙarshe.
• Kada a kai yara
• kar a taɓa amfani bayan ranar karewa wanda aka nuna akan kunshin.

Umarni na musamman

Dole ne a tuna da hakan insulin mai adawa ne da glucagon.

Kada kayi amfani da maganin maganin ƙwaro idan ya ɗauki daidaituwar gel ko kuma foda bai gushe ba.

GlucaGen 1 MG HypoKit.

Glucagon Novo.

Ana kirga sashi gwargwadon shekarunsa ko nauyin yaron gwargwadon tsarin da zai biyo baya:

• idan nauyin ya wuce kilogiram 25 ko kuma lokacin da yarinyar ta fi shekaru 6-8, to, ana sarrafa abubuwan da ke cikin 1 ml na kwalbar gaba ɗaya,
• idan nauyin yayi kasa da kilogiram 25 ko kuma lokacin da yaron bai wuce shekara 6-8 ba, to ana sarrafa rabin abin da yake cikin kwalbar 1 ml.

Yayin ciki da lactation

Mata masu juna biyu yakamata a wajabta masu magani kawai lokacin da suka zama tilas.

A lokacin ciyar da nono ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da taka tsantsan.

Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin tsararren aiki kuma shine magani na zaɓi mai tsanani yanayin hypoglycemic,na bukatar magani na gaggawa.

Farashin Glucagon, inda zaka siya

Buy Glucagon (1 ml na miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma 1 ml na sauran ƙarfi) a Rasha zai biya 730-970 rubles, a cikin Ukraine farashin wannan nau'in sakin maganin yana kusan 350 hryvnias.

Ilimi: An sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Likita ta Vitebsk ta Amurka tare da digiri a Surgery. A jami'a, ya shugabanci Majalisar theungiyar Scientwararrun Masana kimiyya.Arin horo a cikin 2010 - a cikin mahimmancin "Oncology" da kuma a cikin 2011 - a cikin sana'a "Mammology, siffofin gani na oncology".

Kwarewa: Yi aiki a cibiyar sadarwar likitanci na shekaru 3 a matsayin likita mai fiɗa (asibitin gaggawa na Vitebsk, Liozno CRH) da kuma yanki-oncologist da traumatologist. Yi aiki a matsayin wakilin gona a duk shekara a Rubicon.

An gabatar da shawarwari guda uku game da taken "Inganta maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta dangane da jinsin halittar microflora", ayyuka 2 sun sami kyaututtuka a cikin takarar jam'iyyar Republic-sake nazarin takaddun bincike na ɗalibai (Kategorien 1 da 3).

Matsayin glucagon a cikin jikin mutum

Glucagon shine kwayoyin polypeptide wanda ke dauke da amino acid 29. Glucagon alpha an samar dashi ta sel islet. Za'a iya bambance ayyukan glucagon mai zuwa:

• yana ƙara glucose na jini (babban aikin hormone).

A cikin hanta, ana adana glucose a cikin nau'i na glycogen. Lokacin yin azumi ko tsawan aiki na jiki, glucagon yana haifar da kullun sakamako, yana ɗaure wa masu karɓa na hanta, kuma yana haifar da rushewar glycogen. Ana fitar da glucose kuma yana shiga cikin jini, yana cika bukatun makamashi na jiki.

Kula! Glucagon baya karya glycogen a cikin tsokoki, tunda babu takamaiman masu karɓa.

• yana kunna mai neoplasm na glucose a cikin hanta daga abubuwan da ba su da carbohydrate tare da rashi,
• yana hana yin amfani da glucose,
• yana inganta rushewar kitse na jikin mutum. Sabili da haka, lokacin da aka samar da glucagon, abubuwan da ke cikin kitse a cikin jini ya hauhawa,
• yana kunna samuwar sassan jikin ketone (abubuwa na musamman waɗanda, lokacin rarrabuwa, ke samar da jiki da kuzari a cikin yanayin rashi na sauran hanyoyin, i.e. lokacin da glucose ba ya nan),
• yana ƙarfafa ƙwayar insulin don hana wucewar glucose a cikin jini,
• yana haɓaka haɓakar jini ta hanyar ƙaruwa da ƙarfin bugun zuciya,
• yana tabbatar da tsira jikin mutum a cikin matsanancin yanayi ta hanyar kara yiwuwar samar da karfi a cikin jini (glucose, kitse, jikin ketone), wanda gabobin za su kama shi da amfani dashi ga aiki,

Hawan jini shima yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki a karkashin damuwa.

• adreshin catecholamines ta hanyar adrenal medulla,
• a cikin superphysiological maida hankali relaxes tsokoki na m tsoka gabobin (antispasmodic sakamako),
• aikin glucagon yana taimakawa ta hanyar adrenaline da cortisol, waɗanda kuma suna da tasirin hyperglycemic.

Gua'idar sarrafa glucagon

Jikin ɗan adam tsari ne mai haɓaka, don haka yanayi ya ɓullo da hanyoyi don kula da matakin glucagon a cikin jini a matakin da ya dace. Tushewar abubuwa don kunna sel alpha da kuma lalata glucagon sune:

• raguwa a cikin taro na glucose. Tare da tsawaita motsa jiki ko kuma yunwar, yawan kirjinta yana raguwa. Jiki yana fuskantar matsananciyar yunwa kuma yana buƙatar glucose. Glucagon ana samarwa kuma yana fitar da glucose daga ajiyar abubuwa,
• amino acid - arginine, alanine, waɗanda aka saki yayin rushewar furotin da aka karɓa tare da abinci. Yayinda ake samar da abun cikin furotin a abinci, to ana samar da karin glucagon. Saboda haka, abincin yakamata yakamata yakamata ya zama cikakkun adadin abubuwan kariya,
• ƙarancin insulin: don guje wa raguwar glucose mai yawa,
• kwayoyin halittar da kwayoyin narkewar abinci suka samar - gastrin, cholecystokinin,
• magunguna - beta-adrenostimulants.

Yana hana ɓoyewar glucagon:

• karuwa a cikin glucose, kitse mai kitse ko jikin ketone a cikin jini,
• somatostatin da aka samar a cikin sel na delta na kayan islet.

Ayyukan da suka dace na jiki suna ba da isasshen rabo na kunnawa da hana ayyukan glucagon, wanda ke kula da daidaito.

Contraindications da Kariya

An contraindicated na rage na sukari da m matakan zuwa m matakan, hypersensitivity ko kasawa na adrenal aiki.

Tsanaki - ciki da lactation.

Hulɗa da miyagun ƙwayoyi

Glucagon shine maganin antulinist. Beta-blockers, idan aka hadasu tare, suna haifar da rikicewar zuciya. Indomethacin yana kara yawan abu a cikin jini; sakamakon warfarin yana ƙaruwa da magani lokaci guda.

Glucagen 1 MG HypoKit

Novo Nordisk, Denmark

Matsakaicin farashin a Rasha - 725 rubles kowace kunshin.

Glucagen HypoKit ya ƙunshi 1 MG na samfurin a cikin kwalba. Cikakken analogue ne.

Ribobi:

Yarda:

• Ba arha
• Akwai sakamako masu illa.

Mai Gudanar da Humulin

Eli Lilly Gabas, Switzerland

Matsakaicin farashin a Rasha - 810 rubles a kowane fakiti.

Mai Gudanar da Humulin - insulin matsanancin-gajeren, cikakken antagonist na glucagen. Wajibi ne don rashiwar hormonal, tare da yanayin hauhawar jini.

Glucagon da Metabolism

Cutar koda tana aiki da yawa. Exocrine ya ƙunshi a cikin narkewar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda aka keɓance ta cikin magudanar ruwa zuwa duodenum 12. Ayyukan endocrine shine samarwa da fitarwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini na polypeptides da kwayoyin: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, ghrelin da sauransu. Halin wadannan abubuwan ya kumshi ne a tsibirin Langerhans, ayyukan sun kasu tsakanin nau'ikan sel daban-daban. Glucagon ana samar da shi ta hanyar-a-sel; suna lissafin kusan 20% na adadin sel a cikin tsibirin na pancreatic.

Glucagon yana nufin hormones polypeptide, yana shafar kowane nau'in metabolism. Babban aikin glucagon shine magance insulin:

A cikin mutum mai lafiya, glucose na jini ya canza kadan, bayan cin abinci da sauri ya koma al'ada. Guaurawar glycemia tsari ne mai rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da kwakwalwa, ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki, tsokoki, jijiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, hanji da ƙwayar cuta, ƙodan, hanta da sauran gabobin. Sakamakon aikin haɗin gwiwar su, an inganta ingantaccen matakin glucose na metabolism.

Tsarin jiki

Idan sukari na jini ya fadi saboda aikin jiki ko rashin abinci, aikin glucagon yana ƙaruwa sosai. Abin da ke faruwa lokacin yin wannan:

1. Ana kunna shagon Glycogen da aka adana a cikin hanta. Glycogen yana rushewa, ana jefa shi cikin jini a cikin nau'in glucose, glycemia ya saba. Sakamakon glucagon baya amfani da adibin glycogen a cikin kyallen tsoka.
2. Hankalin yana fara yin aiki da glucose daga pyruvate da sauran abubuwan da basa amfani da su.
3. Yawan amfani da glucose a cikin samar da makamashi yana raguwa.
4. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na makamashi na jiki suna fara haɗuwa da ƙoshin mai, yawan taro na mai a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa. A lokaci guda, jikin ketone, samfurori na rushewar mai, suna fara shiga cikin jini.
5. Nan da nan bayan fitowar glucagon, samar da insulin ya hau. Godiya ga maganinsu, an hana hauhawar jini.
6. Tsarin glucagon na hormone yana samar da kunna zuciya, haɓaka ƙarfi da mita na ƙanƙancewar sa. Sakamakon karuwa a cikin matsin lamba, abincin abinci na jikin mutum yana inganta.
7. Sakin catecholamines yana ƙaruwa, fashewar wani tunani yana faruwa. Mutum na iya fuskantar tsoro, haushi. Irin waɗannan bayyanannun alamun bayyanannun suna ba ku damar kula da yanayinku da kawar da hypoglycemia.
8. A cikin babban taro, hormone yana aiki a matsayin maganin antispasmodic: yana kwantar da tsokoki na hanji.

Ana samar da Glucagon a cikin martani ga raguwar kwayar cutar glycemia, karuwar samar da insulin. Glucagon synthesis yana motsa shi ta atomatik tsarin juyayi, don haka samarwarsa ta haɓaka ta hanyar amfani da juyayi tare da amfani da abubuwan adrenostimulants.

Babban sukari na jini, wuce haddi na jikin ketone da mai mai a cikin tasoshin jini, kuma matakin somatostatin da ke sama yana yin illa ga aikin glucagon.

Amfani da glucagon

A cikin farkon matakan, hypoglycemia ana iya hana shi ta hanyar sarrafawa na baka na kowane carbohydrates mai saurin motsa jiki: zuma, sukari, Sweets, ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Idan aka rasa wannan lokacin kuma mai haƙuri ya gaji, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don haɓaka glycemia: ta hanyar gudanar da glucose ko glucagon. Don glucose, ana buƙatar gudanarwa na ciki, sabili da haka, bai dace ba a matsayin wakili mai sauƙin sauri. Amma glucagon za a iya allurar intramuscularly, kuma tare da wannan hanyar gudanarwa, ya fara aiki bayan minti 5-15.

Tsarin glucagon a cikin dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa kusan iri ɗaya ne; a cikin mutane, za'a iya amfani da hormone na dabbobi cikin nasara. Don dakatar da hypoglycemia, magungunan da aka samo daga shanu ko alade na fata galibi ana amfani da su. Tsarin glucagon sanannu ne, saboda haka, an samar da kayan gwaje-gwaje na kwayoyin ta amfani da hanyoyin aikin injin.

A halin yanzu, ƙwayar glucagon guda ɗaya kawai ke rajista a cikin rajista na miyagun ƙwayoyi na Rasha - GlucaGen HypoKit, kamfanin kamfanin Danish NovoNordisk ya kera shi. Abubuwan da ke aiki a ciki shine glucagon hydrochloride, waɗanda kerarrar ta hanyar hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ta amfani da gurɓataccen canji na ƙwayar cuta ta Escherichia coli. Abubuwan da ke aiki suna cikin nau'i na foda, kunsasshen a cikin gilashin gilashi.

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Alƙawarin

Babban filin aikace-aikacen miyagun ƙwayoyi shine sauƙaƙewar hypoglycemia a cikin yanayi inda sarrafa magana na glucose ba zai yiwu ba saboda asarar hankali ko halin da bai dace ba. Dalilin rashin lafiyar hypoglycemia na iya zama yawan shan insulin, wasu magungunan maganin cututtukan fata, yunwar, tsawan lokaci.

A cikin wuraren kiwon lafiya, ana amfani da glucagon a matsayin ɗayan kulawa ta gaggawa don guba tare da magungunan zuciya. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin gwajin motsin ciki don zama cikin shakatar muryoyin tsoka.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Shugaban Cibiyar Diabetology - Tatyana Yakovleva

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Babban aikin glucagon shine don tattara shagunan glycogen. Hoton da aka gabatar yana fara aiwatar da aikin glycogenolysis, sakamakon wanda glycogen ya rushe a cikin hanta zuwa glucose din phosphorylated. Lokacin farawa na hormone yana dogara ne akan hanyar gudanarwa. Tare da sukarin jini na ciki yana fara girma bayan minti 1, tasirin yana zuwa minti 20. An fi son hanyar gudanarwar wucin gadi idan har ba kwararrun likita bane. Maganin cutar hanji ya fara ƙaruwa bayan mintuna 5. Minti 10 bayan allura, mai haƙuri yawanci yakan sake murmurewa. Matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki ya kai minti 40. Tare da gudanarwa na subcutaneous, ɗaukar glucagon cikin jini shine mafi jinkirin - daga rabin sa'a.

Magungunan ba shi da tasiri ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da cikakkiyar ajiyar glycogen. Dalilin rashi na glycogen na iya zama mai fama da cutar sankara tare da yawan yawan yawan zubar jini, abinci mai dauke da sinadarin karbo abinci, gajiya, giya, maye, giya na maimaita glucagon. Glycogen na iya zama bai isa tare da karfi da yawa na kwayoyi masu rage sukari.

Dokokin gabatarwar

Glucagon yana buƙatar shirya shi don gudanarwa. Tsarin aiki

1. Mun cire hula daga kwalbar, kuma hula daga allura syringe.
2. Saka allura a cikin murhun roba, sakin dukkan ruwa daga sirinji a cikin murfin.
3. Ba tare da cire allura ba, girgiza murfin na minti ɗaya don narke foda.
4. Muna tattara maganin da aka gama a cikin sirinji.
5. Aga sirinji tare da allura sama, sakin iska ta latsa piston.

Za'a iya yin allurar a cikin kowane tsoka mai samuwa, amma mafi kyau a cikin gindi ko cinya. Dangane da umarnin don amfani, ana baiwa tsofaffi mafita gabaɗaya, presan wasan yara da yara masu nauyin ƙasa da kilogiram 25 - rabin rabin maganin. Da zarar mai ciwon sukari ya sake dawowa, yana buƙatar a ba shi glucose ya sha: maganin kantin magani, shayi mai zaki ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Idan babu canje-canje a cikin yanayin mai haƙuri na mintuna 10 ko fiye, yana buƙatar kulawar likita ta gaggawa.

Kariya da aminci

Lokacin gudanar da glucagon, abubuwan da yakamata a yi la’akari dasu:

1. Tare da hyperglycemia, glucagon na iya tsananta yanayin mai haƙuri. Kwayar cutar cututtukan hyper- da hypoglycemia suna kama da juna, don haka yana da kyau a auna sukari kafin a gudanar da kwayar.
2. Mai haƙuri na iya zama rashin lafiyan abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayar, ana tantance haɗarin tashin hankalin anaphylactic a matsayin ƙasa kaɗan.
3. Ana iya gudanar da hormone a lokacin daukar ciki da HB ba tare da haɗari ga jariri ba.
4. Ba za a iya amfani da Glucagon don pheochromocytoma ba, saboda wannan an cika shi tare da karuwa mai ƙarfi.
5. Gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya zama mara amfani tare da tsawan dogon indomethacin. A cikin lokuta masu rauni, hypoglycemia har ma yana ƙaruwa.
6. Kwayar ta kara inganta aikin maganin cututtukan dabbobi.

Bayan gudanar da glucagon, bugun zuciya na iya ƙaruwa, matsin lamba na iya ƙaruwa, tachycardia na ɗan lokaci na iya faruwa, kuma tashin zuciya na iya bayyana. Lokacin shan beta-blockers, waɗannan alamu galibi sun fi bayyana.

Tabbatar koya! Shin kuna tsammanin kulawa da kwayoyin hana daukar ciki da insulin shine hanya daya tilo da za'a kula da sukari? Ba gaskiya bane! Kuna iya tabbatar da wannan da kanku ta hanyar fara amfani da shi. kara karantawa >>

Maganin magunguna na glucagon

Sakamakon glucagon kwayoyi na roba yana kama da sakamakon ilimin halittar jiki na hormone na endogenous:

• Yana lalata glycogen a cikin hanta zuwa glucose, wanda sannan ya shiga cikin jini. Lokacin da aka shigar da maganin a cikin jijiya, an gano matakin bayan 5 - 25, tare da intramuscular - bayan mintuna 15 - 26, tare da subcutaneous - bayan minti 30 - 45, don haka don bayyanar da sakamako, ya zama dole a jira lokaci
• Yana shakatawa da santsi mai santsi (sakamako na antispasmodic). Tare da gudanar cikin jijiyoyin jiki bayan 45-60 seconds, tare da gudanar da jijiyar ciki bayan minti 8-10,
• Theara yawan motsawa daga tsokawar zuciya.

Umarnin yin amfani da shi ya ce tasirin ba ya bunƙasa har zuwa daidai lokacin da aka tsawanta azumi, shan giya. Yawan glycogen a cikin hanta yana raguwa saboda glucagon ba zai iya yin tasirin sakamako mai hauhawar jini ba.

Tare da tsawanta yin amfani da glucagon, motsin hanji ya kankama kuma maƙarƙashiya ya haɓaka.

Contraindications don amfani da glucagon

• hyperglycemia: lokacin da aka samar da glucagon, yawan sukarin jini yakan tashi sosai,
• rashin hankali ga naman sa da sunadaran naman alade a abinci,
• insulinoma (wani ƙari na ƙwayar islet na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta), saboda wannan na iya haifar da amsawa wanda ba a iya tsammani - hypoglycemia),
• pheochromocytoma (wani ƙari shine adrenal medulla wanda ke haifar da adrenaline mai yawa) Tunda sababi ne na glucagon, wannan na iya haifar da hyperglycemia,
• ciwon sukari mellitus (hadarin kamuwa da cutar sankara)

• Glucagon hormone ba ya ratsa cikin tsakiyar bargon, don haka ana iya amfani dashi a cikin mata masu juna biyu. Koyaya, ba a sani ba ga takamaiman ko miyagun ƙwayoyi sun shiga cikin madarar uwar, sabili da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, ya kamata a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da taka tsantsan,
• Yana haɓaka sakamakon maganin rashin daidaituwa.