Yadda za a gano cututtukan sukari: alamun farko, ganewar asali

Akwai mai zuwa etiological classification na ciwon sukari, wanda WHO ta amince dashi a 1999.

Tsarin ilimin Etiological na rikicewar glycemic (WHO, 1999)

1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (lalata sel, yawanci yakan haifar da ƙarancin insulin):

2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (yawanci juriya na insulin saboda maye daga kwayoyin halittar mai karɓar ƙwayar jini ko kuma raunin tsarin asara ne sakamakon haɓakar insulin mara ƙaranci).

3. Sauran takamaiman nau'ikan kamuwa da cutar siga da kuma tasirin insulin.

A. Laifin kwayoyin a cikin aikin sel.

B. Cututtukan ɓangarorin exocrine na pancreas (pancreatitis, ciwace-ciwacen daji, raunin da ya faru, hemochromatosis, da dai sauransu).

G. Endocrinopathies - Cutar ta andenko-Cushing da cutar, thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, glucogonoma, acromegaly.

D. Ciwon sukari da kwayoyi ko magunguna ke haifar da su - adrenergic agonists, glucocorticosteroids, diuretics, da sauransu.

E. Ciwon ciki - rubella, mumps, da sauransu.

4. Ciwon ciki (ciwon suga na mata masu juna biyu).

3. Babban tanadi na etiopathogenesis na ciwon sukari.

Babban dalilin duk rikice-rikice na rayuwa da bayyanar cututtuka na cutar ciwon sukari shine rashi na insulin ko aikinsa, wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar rashin abinci mai narkewa, mai da abinci mai gina jiki.

A cikin mutum mai lafiya, akwai hanyoyi masu zuwa na amfani da glucose, wanda ke yin sulhu ta hanyar aikin insulin - aerobic glycolysis, pentose foshate pentose, da kuma glycogen synthesis a cikin hanta.

A karkashin yanayin cikakken rashin ingancin insulin, yana gudana yaduwar glucose zuwa cikin sel da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta na insulin (tsoka, adipose, hepatic), hanyoyin glucose na hanyoyin glucose wadanda basu da insulin suna aiki:

sihiri - an sake dawo da glucose a karkashin tasirin enzyme aldose reductase zuwa sorbitol, wanda ya yi yawa wanda ya tara a cikin ruwan tabarau, jijiyoyin jiki, retina kuma yana haifar da ci gaban neuropathies da cataracts,

glucuronate - tare da wuce haddi na glucose, glucuronic acid da glycosaminoglycans sun fara kasancewa cikin adadin mai yawa daga gare ta. Latterarshen, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin guringuntsi, jijiyoyin jiki, sune tushen tushen arthropathy a cikin ciwon sukari.

glycoprotein– na aiki na glycoproteins - hadadden da suka zauna a kan maganin endothelium na jijiyoyin, musamman microvasculature, suna aiki. A wannan yanayin, yanayi ya tashi don haɗuwar sel sel jini da rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki a cikin ƙwayoyin yanki, fitowar da ci gaban angiopathies.

Tare da ciwon sukari, ayyukan ƙwayar pentose foshate na glucose metabolism yana raguwa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga cin zarafin furotin. Increasearin gluconeogenesis yana haifar da kunnawa ga furotin catabolism, raguwar ajiyar ajiyar sa, yana farawa da amino acid. Clinically bayyana ta hanyar tsoka hypotrophy da nauyi asara.

Kariyar glycosylation - shima yana da matukar muhimmanci. Sunadarai kamar haemoglobin, enzyme da sunadarai na tsari (sunadaran erythrocyte membrane, jini jini, ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki, insulin na ciki) suna fuskantar glycosylation. A lokaci guda, sun rasa kayan jikinsu, alal misali, glycosylated haemoglobin yana ɗaukar oxygen sosai da ƙarfi kuma yana ba shi kyallen takarda mai wahala, wanda ke taimakawa hypoxia nama. Hakanan, irin waɗannan sunadarai suna zama autoantigens, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka halayen autoimmune.

Yin amfani da glucose mai ƙaranci a cikin sake zagayowar Krebs yana haifar da kunnawar lipolysis, yana haifar da karuwar adadin mai da mai glycerin (hanta mai ƙiba). A karkashin yanayin yawan mayukan kitse, adadin jikin jikokin ketone, wadanda ba su da lokacin da za'a tantance su a cikin tsarin Krebs (ketonemia, ketonuria).

Alamar farko

A gida, ana iya tantance nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari 2 idan kuna da alamun bayyanarwar:

• bushe bakin, ƙishirwa, buƙatar shan ruwa fiye da 2 na ruwa a kowace rana,
• rashin ruwa da kwasfa na fata,
• yunwa da karuwar abinci,
• urination akai-akai, hauhawar yawan fitsari a kullun har zuwa lita 5, wani lokacin har zuwa lita 10,
• hawa-hawa cikin nauyin jiki
• tashin hankali, tashin hankali barci, tashin hankali.

Alamomin farko na ci gaban cutar sun hada da raguwa da jijiyoyin gani da kaifi, nauyi a kafafu da cinya a cikin kashin. Mai haƙuri sau da yawa yana fuskantar hare-hare na vertigo, rauni, da sauri ya gaji. Tare da ciwon sukari, an kula da itching na fata da percoal mucosa. Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna ɗaukar yanayi mai nisa, duk raunuka da abrasions suna warkar da dogon lokaci. Akwai damuwa mara haushi.

A cikin wasu mutane, alamu bayyanannu suna taimakawa wajen gano ciwon sukari, a cikin wasu, alamomin suna ba da haske. Dukkanta sun dogara da matakin glucose, tsawon lokacin cutar da ɗabi'un mutum na jikin mai haƙuri.

Yayinda cutar ta ci gaba, tashin zuciya da amai, bacewar ciyayi a kan gabobin, haɓakar gashin fuska, da kuma bayyanar ƙaramin rawaya a jikin mutum na iya nuna matsala.

A cikin maza, a farkon matakan ciwon sukari, rage libido, raguwar nakasar, an lura da rashin haihuwa. Sakamakon urination akai-akai na iya zama balanoposthitis - kumburin foreskin.

Mata suna fuskantar raguwa a cikin sha'awar jima'i, suna iya samun lokatai na lokaci-lokaci, bushewa da ƙaiƙarin ƙwayoyin mucous na gabobin ciki, rasa haihuwa, ashara.

Rukunin Hadarin

Ciwon sukari cutar sankarau cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma ba dukkan mutane bane ke iya tsinkayar sa. Groupsungiyoyin haɗari don nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 sun sha bamban.

Ciwon sukari na 1 shine cuta mafi halayyar matasa da ke ƙasa da shekara 18. Cutar ba ta samar da isasshen insulin ba, kuma mara lafiya yana buƙatar hakan daga waje. Hadarin kamuwa da cutar ya yi yawa a gaban waɗannan abubuwan:

• kwayoyin halittar jini
• kyanda, kumburi, cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar Coxsackie, ƙwayoyin Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus,
• canjin farko daga shayarwa zuwa tsarin jarirai,
• da guba sakamako na kwayoyi da sunadarai (wasu rigakafin, guba, giya a cikin zanen da kayan gini) a kan sel,
• kasancewar dangi na kusa da kamuwa da cutar sankara.

Ciwon sukari na 2 wani cuta ne na kullum wanda yafi halayyar mutane sama da 45 wadanda sukai kiba kuma suna da yanayin rayuwa. Hadarin ya fi girma idan aka haɗa abubuwan da ke gaba:

• nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin dangi na kusa,
• rashin motsa jiki, hawan jini sama da 140/90 mm RT. Art.,
• zazzabin cizon sauro (azumin glycemia ko haƙuri a cikin suga),
• ciwon sukari, haihuwar yaro wanda yayi nauyi sama da 4 kilogiram, wata nakuda ko kuma haihuwa a tarihi,
• matakin triglycerides ya fi 2.82 mmol / l, matakin babban yawan lipoprotein cholesterol yayi kasa da 0.9 mmol / l,
• polycystic ovary syndrome,
• cututtukan zuciya.

A gaban ɗaya ko sama abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari, yana da mahimmanci a kula da yanayin lafiyar kuma a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun.

Type 1 ciwon sukari

Nau'in nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari (wanda ke dogara da insulin) ana lura dashi galibi a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda basu cika shekaru 40 da haihuwa ba. Bayyanar tana da kaifi kuma kwatsam, wanda ke taimakawa gano cutar sankara a farkon matakin. Wani lokaci bayyanuwar cutar ta fara zama ba zato ba tsammani tana haɓaka mai tsanani ketoacidosis, wanda wani lokacin yakan haifar da kwayar cutar sankara.

Amma yawanci wannan hoton yana zuwa gaban alamun alamun bambance-bambancen yanayin. Mai haƙuri yana fuskantar ƙarancin buƙata na abinci, yana ci da yawa, amma ba ya yin nauyi har ma yana rasa nauyi. Wannan saboda rage yawan tasirin glucose ne. Rage nauyi mai nauyi shine ɗayan alamun halayen kwayar cutar insulin. Mai ciwon sukari na iya asarar kilogiram 10-15 na nauyi a cikin watanni 2.

A lokaci guda, yawan fitar dare da yawan fitowar fitsari yau da kullun sun fi yawa. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne saboda haɓakar ƙwayar osmotic na fitsari, wanda hakan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙara yawan glucose a cikin fitsari.

Mai haƙuri yana jin ƙishirwa koyaushe, buƙatun ruwa na yau da kullun na iya isa zuwa 5 lita. Ta wannan hanyar, jiki yakan yanke jiki saboda karancin ruwa sakamakon tsananin urination. Wani dalili na ƙara ƙishirwa shine haushi na osmoreceptors a cikin hypothalamus.

Mai haƙuri yana da mummunan numfashi, wanda ke ba da acetone, fitsari yana warin juji. Wannan sabon abu yakan faru ne lokacin da jiki ya canza daga carbohydrate zuwa tsarin mai na samar da makamashi sakamakon karancin glucose a cikin sel. Jikin Ketone, wanda aka kafa a wannan yanayin, yana haifar da alamun guba - zafin ciki, tashin zuciya, amai. Furtherarin ci gaba na ketoacidosis yana haifar da cutar sikari.

Rashin narkewar ƙwayar cuta yana haifar da rauni da gajiya, tarin kayan samfuri mai guba. Bugu da kari, hangen nesa na mara lafiya ya kara tabarbarewa, fatar ta fara tabarbarewa, kananan gurbatattun abubuwa sun bayyana a kanta, raunuka marasa warkarwa da cutarwa, gashi yana fita sosai. Wani alamar takamaiman alamar nau'in ciwon sukari 1 ana iya la'akari da shekarun mai haƙuri - har zuwa shekaru 40.

Type 2 ciwon sukari

Nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari halayyar manya ne masu tsufa. Kusan 90% na marasa lafiya da ke dauke da sabon nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna da nauyin jiki, tare da manyan kitsen jiki yana tarawa cikin ciki. Manyan ƙwayoyin insulin mai tsayayya suna cikin wannan yankin, yayin da adipocytes sun fi kula da insulin a yankin cinya.

A farkon matakin cutar, kwayar ta insulin ta hanji tana ƙaruwa, amma yayin da cutar ta haɓaka, ajiyar ya ragu, raunin insulin yana haɓaka. Mai haƙuri zai iya yin watsi da alamun alamun waje na wannan yanayin, danganta rauni da gajiya ga canje-canje da suka shafi shekaru. Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna ci gaba a hankali, suna gogewa, yana da wahalar lura da su. Sabili da haka, sanin ciwon sukari da kanka ba aiki ba ne mai sauƙi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana gano shi kwatsam lokacin da mara lafiya ya zo don wata cuta.

Ana iya zargin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a farkon matakin ta hanyar ƙishirwa (buƙatar ta kai lita 4-5 a kowace rana), amma idan lokacin balaga mutum ya fahimci cewa yana jin ƙishirwa, to a cikin tsofaffi hankalin zai zama mara nauyi. A lokaci guda, urination, musamman da dare, yana zama mafi yawan lokuta. Yawan jiki a hankali yana ƙaruwa.

Mai haƙuri yana da yawan cin abinci tare da girmamawa ta musamman akan Sweets. An haɗe shi da rauni, gajiya, gajiya, ƙoshin fata, wanda ya haɗa da cikin perineum. Yayinda cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya masu tasowa, aka lura da paresthesia da kagu na ƙananan ƙarshen. Lalacewa na jijiyoyin jiki yana haifar da asarar gashi, jin zafi da gajiya a kafafu lokacin tafiya, rashin jinƙan jini a cikin gabobin.

Mayar da fata sannu a hankali yana haifar da candidiasis, raunuka marasa warkarwa. Stomatitis, cututtukan tari na yiwuwa. Babban taro na glucose yana haifar da ci gaban retinopathy da cataracts, kodayake tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na type 2, hangen nesa yana raguwa daga baya fiye da masu ciwon sukari na 1.

Ana kuma ganin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin samari. Kuma canje-canje na cututtukan cuta a cikin wannan yanayin zai iya haifar da samun nauyin biyu da nauyin nauyi mai yawa. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a nemi likita don kowane alamun rashin tabbas.

Ciwon sukari a cikin yaro

Matsalar gano cutar siga a yara ita ce cewa jarirai ba za su iya bayyana takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka ba. Iyaye su kasance cikin lura idan yaro yakan fara shan ruwa da roƙon bayan gida, haka kuma idan nauyinsa ya canza sosai.

A farkon alamun cutar ketoacidosis, nemi kulawar likita ta gaggawa. Don ciwon ciki, amai ko tashin zuciya, tsananin farin ciki ko alamomin fata mai raɗaɗi, tsananin numfashi tare da ƙanshin acetone, amai, amai, kira ambulan.

Don tabbatarwa ko musun tuhuma game da ciwon sukari a gida, zaku iya amfani da kayan kwalliyar glucometer ko A1C. Wadannan na’urori suna bawa kwararru damar sanin matakan sukari na jini a cikin ‘yan mintuna ba tare da kwararru ba. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da tsinkayyar gwaji don sanin matakin sukari a cikin fitsari. Duk waɗannan na'urorin za'a iya siyan su a kantin magani ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba. Ko da menene sakamakon gwajin, kada kuyi magani kai kuma, idan kuna jin rashin lafiya, kuyi haƙuri don ziyarci likita.

Matsananciyar damuwa, karuwar urination, rauni, bushewar fata da canzawar jiki sune farkon farkon alamun nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Lokacin da suka bayyana, kuna buƙatar neman tallafin likita. Don yin gwaji, likita zai ba da gwajin haƙuri na glucose, gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya don sukari, gwaji don haemoglobin, insulin da C-peptide, gwajin fitsari don jikin ketone da sukari, da kuma sauran nazarin da ake buƙata, gwargwadon sakamakon binciken da za a tsara.

Mahimmancin Pathology

Ga masu ciwon sukari, ma'anar WHO kamar haka - cuta ce ta yau da kullun sanadiyyar cutar mahaifa da cutar mahaɗa ta haifar da haɗuwa da abubuwan.

Akwai wasu manyan dalilan da yasa cutar ta bunkasa:

• tsarin tsufa na halitta - tare da shekaru, yawancin mutane suna rage karfin metabolism,
• kiba - metabolism na lipid shima yana shafar abubuwan motsa jiki,
• rashin abinci mai gina jiki - Wuce kima daga cikin carbohydrate lalata insulin cell masu karɓa.

Abubuwan da ke kara haɗarin cutar: tsinkayar ƙwayar cuta, rashin aiki ta jiki, yawan damuwa, hauhawar jini, tsawaita amfani da magunguna.

Tsarin cutar ya hada da fannoni daban daban na asalin:

• insulin-insulin-ruwa, ko nau'in 1,
• marassa insulin, ko nau'in 2,
• tazarar haihuwa, ci gaba yayin daukar ciki,
• autoimmune
• na ciwon maɗamfari
• magani.

Bugu da kari, akwai matakai da yawa na cutar:

• rama, tare da ƙara ƙarancin glucose, abinci mai sauƙi da magunguna,
• subcompensated - tare da lokaci-lokaci a cikin glucose matakan har a lokacin jiyya,
• ƙetare - ci gaban rikitarwa a lokacin jiyya.

Ciwon sukari na iya faruwa tare ko ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Akwai irin wannan nau'in kamar latin mellitus na latent - yayin da babu alamun halayyar alama, kawai ana karɓar karuwa a cikin matakan sukari.

Hoto na asibiti

Daban-daban siffofin cutar da dan kadan daban-daban bayyanar cututtuka. Type 1 ko 2 ciwon sukari - yadda za a tantance by bayyanar cututtuka?

Ga ire-iren wadannan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan, akwai alamun gama gari:

• da ƙishirwa da yunwa,
• urination akai-akai,
• itching da bushe fata
• gajiya,
• tashin zuciya, amai,
• numbness da tingling a cikin wata gabar jiki,
• jinkirin warkar da raunuka, rauni,
• haushi.

Amma akwai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar cututtuka.

Tebur. Bambanci a hoto na asibiti na nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari 2:

Alamu	Type 1 ciwon sukari	Type 2 ciwon sukari
Ciwon cuta	Spicy. Ketoocytosis galibi ana lura dashi.	A hankali. Kwayar cutar babu rashi ko laushi.
Jiki mai haƙuri, nauyin jiki	Jiki na al'ada ko na bakin ciki	Yawan kiba ko kiba yanzu
Yanayin Pancreas	Yawan adadin ƙwayoyin da ke samar da insulin sun ragu.	Yayi kyau.

Ma'anar ciwon sukari ya hada da yiwuwar rikitarwa. Su iri ɗaya ne ga duka nau'ikan guda biyu: hauhawar jini, hauhawar jini, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan koda, bugun zuciya da bugun jini, ƙwanƙwasa ƙafa, yankan ƙafa, ƙarancin ciwon suga.

Binciko

Yaya za a tantance irin nau'in ciwon sukari da mutum yake da shi? Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar gudanar da karatun bincike.Da farko, likita ya kula da shekaru da kuma lafiyar mai haƙuri, gano abin da alamun ke ciki.

Sannan an aika mai haƙuri don gwaje-gwaje:

1. Gwajin jini don glucose. Rike kan komai a ciki. Ana zana jini daga yatsa ko jijiya.
2. Gwajin gwajin haƙuri. Ana ɗaukar jini a cikin komai a ciki. Bayan awa daya, ana ba mai haƙuri maganin da zai sha kuma an sake shan jini. Ana ɗaukar samfurin jini na gaba bayan sa'o'i 2 kuma ana kwatanta sakamakon.
3. Manuniya na hawan jini. Mafi gwaji mai ba da labari wanda ya ba ka damar tantance matakin sukari na tsawon watanni 3.
4. Nazarin fitsari don sukari da jikin ketone. Kasancewar ketone a cikin fitsari yana nuna cewa glucose baya shiga cikin sel kuma baya ciyar da su.

Gwaje-gwaje don tantance masu ciwon sukari a gida basa nan. Amfani da mitirin glucose na gida, zaka iya gano adadin glucose na jini, amma wannan bai isa ba don yin bincike.

Gwajin gwaje-gwaje kawai ne zai iya tantance kasancewar kamuwa da cutar daidai da sanin nau'in cutar sankara

Nau'in na 2 na ciwon sukari mellitus - tantance kasancewar cututtukan cuta ba shi da wahala musamman. Binciko na lokaci-lokaci yana hanzarta jiyya kuma ya guji ci gaban rikitarwa.

Tambayoyi ga likita

Ina so in san yadda ake ƙayyade ciwon sukari ba tare da gwaje-gwaje ba? Kuma yana yiwuwa a yi da kanka?

Oleg N., dan shekara 43, Yelets

Idan kun lura da duk wani alamun damuwa - saurin asara mai nauyi ko akasin haka, samun nauyi, ƙishirwa, bushewar baki, haushi, fata da matsalolin hangen nesa, to akan tushen waɗannan alamun zaka iya zargin cutar kawai. Wadannan alamomin halayen mutane ne guda biyu. Don fayyace ganewar asali, ya kamata ka ziyarci likita don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da suka dace.

Watanni biyar da suka gabata, na haifi ɗa. A wata shida na yi ciki, na kamu da ciwon suga. Na damu da lafiyar ɗana. Yaya za a ƙayyade ciwon sukari a cikin yaro?

Catherine V., shekara 34, Penza.

A cikin farkon watanni na rayuwa, da wuya cutar ta ci gaba, alamomin fara ci gaba da kimanin watanni 9 da haihuwa. A cikin wasu yara, cutar ta bayyana kanta sosai, tare da tsananin maye - vomiting, rashin ruwa.

A cikin wasu, alamun bayyanar suna ƙaruwa a hankali, a hankali. Yaran da ke da abinci mai kyau ba su da nauyi, idan fitsari diaper ya bayyana, to ba su warke na dogon lokaci. Kula da halayen jariri. Sickan mara lafiya yana yin halin rashin sa'a, yana kwanciyar hankali bayan ya sha.

Bayan fitsari ya bushe, sai aka yi wa tauraron murƙushe alamar tauraro. Idan saukad da fitsari ya faɗo a kan turɓaya, laushi, sai ya zama m. A kowane hali, idan akwai shakku game da lafiyar jaririn, ya zama dole a nemi likitan yara.

Gwanin jini - al'ada, karkacewa

Idan kuna zargin masu ciwon sukari, tuntuɓi endocrinologist wanda zai jagoranci jerin karatun. Gwajin jini zai taimaka wajen gano matakan glucose, saboda wannan shine mafi mahimmancin alamun kiwon lafiya ga masu ciwon sukari. Marasa lafiya suna ba da gudummawar jini don bincike don likitan ya tantance halin da ake ciki na ƙwayar ƙwayar carbohydrate.

Don samun sakamako na abin dogara, da farko ƙaddara taro na sukari, sannan gudanar da samfurin jini tare da nauyin sukari (gwajin haƙuri haƙuri).

An gabatar da sakamakon binciken a cikin tebur:

Bayan nazarin da ke sama, akwai buƙatar gano alamun masu zuwa:

• Baudouin ya kasance shi ne rabo na yawan glucose a cikin minti 60 bayan gwajin haƙuri na glucose ga yawan glucose a cikin jini a cikin komai a ciki. Matsakaicin al'ada shine 1.7.
• Rafalsky coefficient - rabo daga glucose (minti 120 bayan nauyin sukari) zuwa haɗakar sukari. A yadda aka saba, wannan darajar ba ta wuce 1.3.

Eterayyade waɗannan ƙimar biyu zasu taimaka wajen samar da ingantaccen ganewar asali.

Alamomin Cutar Rana 1

Nau'in cuta na 1 shine insulin-dogara, yana da babban mawuyacin hali kuma yana tare da raunin cuta na rayuwa. Ragewar cututtukan fata ko cutar ta hanji da ke haifar da ƙarancin insulin cikin jini. Saboda wannan, a wasu halaye, ciwon sukari ko acidosis yakan faru, wanda ma'aunin acid-tushe ya rikice.

Wannan halin yana ƙaddara wannan alamun:

• xerostomia (bushewa daga cikin bakin mucosa),
• kishirwa, mutum zai iya shan ruwa har 5 lita na ruwa a cikin awanni 24,
• karuwar ci
• urination akai-akai (ciki har da dare),
• bayyana nauyi asara
• janar gaba daya
• itching da fata.

Ragewar yaro ko manya yana raunana, mai haƙuri ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka. Bugu da ƙari, an rage girman ji na gani, a cikin manya, an rage sha'awar jima'i.

Cutar Ciwon Cutar 2

Ana bayyanar da ciwon sukari mai zaman kansa wanda rashin isasshen ƙwayar insulin yake da raguwa a cikin ayyukan ß sel waɗanda ke samar da wannan hormone. Cutar na faruwa ne sakamakon kwayar halittar kyallen takarda zuwa tasirin insulin.

Cutar mafi yawanci ana gano ta a cikin mutane sama da 40 da haihuwa tare da wuce kima, alamun suna bayyana a hankali. Ganin cewa ba a sani ba yana barazanar rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki.

Wadannan alamura masu zuwa yakamata a yi la’akari da su don sanin nau’in ciwon siga 2:

• bari
• rikicewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokaci
• ƙishirwa, mai haƙuri yana shan lita 5 na ruwa,
• saurin fitar bacci da daddare,
• raunuka ba sa warkar da dogon lokaci,
• fata mai ƙaiƙai
• cututtuka na asalin fungal,
• gajiya.

Waɗannan marasa lafiya masu zuwa suna cikin haɗari:

• Halittar ƙwayar halittar jini zuwa ciwon sukari,
• Yawan kiba
• Matan da suka haifi jarirai masu nauyin 4 kilogram kuma mafi girma tare da glucose a lokacin daukar ciki.

Kasancewar irin waɗannan matsalolin suna nuna cewa kuna buƙatar kulawa da sukari jini koyaushe.

Sauran nau'ikan ciwon sukari

Likitoci sun bambanta nau'ikan cututtukan:

• Gestational wani nau'in ciwon suga ne wanda ke haɓaka lokacin daukar ciki. Sakamakon karancin insulin, yawan sukari yana ƙaruwa. Pathology yana wucewa da kansa bayan haihuwa.
• Latent (Lada) wani nau'in matsakaici ne na cutar, wanda yake rikitar da shi azaman nau'in 2. Wannan cuta ce ta autoimmune wanda ke dauke da halakar ƙwayoyin beta ta hanyar rigakafin kansu. Marasa lafiya na iya tafiya ba tare da insulin na dogon lokaci ba. Don magani, ana amfani da magunguna don masu ciwon sukari na 2.
• Kwancen bacci na bacci ko kwanciyar hankali yana dauke da yanayin al'ada na jini. Haƙurin haƙuri yana da illa. Bayan saukar glucose, matakin sukari a hankali yana raguwa. Ciwon sukari na iya faruwa a cikin shekaru 10. Ba a buƙatar takamaiman magani, amma dole ne likita koyaushe ya lura da yanayin mai haƙuri.
• A cikin cututtukan labile na labile, hyperglycemia (karuwa a cikin yawan sukari) an maye gurbinsu da hypoglycemia (raguwa a cikin glucose) a ko'ina cikin rana. Wannan nau'in cutar sau da yawa yana rikitarwa ta hanyar ketoacidosis (metabolic acidosis), wanda ke canzawa zuwa coma mai ciwon sukari.
• Rage shi. Cutar tana dauke da sinadarin sukari mai yawa, kasancewar glucose da acetone a cikin fitsari.
• An rarrabu. Yawan ƙwayar sukari yana ƙaruwa, acetone ba ya cikin fitsari, wani ɓangare na glucose yana fita ta hanyar urinary.
• Ciwon sukari insipidus. Don wannan ilimin, rashin halayen halayen vasopressin (hormone na antidiuretic). Wannan nau'in cutar ana nuna shi kwatsam da yawan fitowar fitsari (daga lita 6 zuwa 15), ƙishirwa da daddare. A cikin marasa lafiya, ci abinci yana raguwa, nauyi yana raguwa, rauni, rauni, da sauransu.

Zesarin nazarin

Idan akwai alamun bayyanar, ana yin gwaji na jini, idan ya nuna ƙara yawan glucose, to likitan ya kamu da cutar sankara kuma yana yin magani. Ba za a iya yin bincike ba tare da alamun halayyar mutum ba. Wannan saboda hyperglycemia na iya faruwa saboda wata cuta mai saurin kamuwa da cuta, rauni ko damuwa. A wannan yanayin, matakan sukari an daidaita shi daban-daban ba tare da magani ba.

Waɗannan su ne manyan alamomi don ƙarin bincike.

PGTT gwajin haƙuri ne. Don yin wannan, da farko bincika jinin mai haƙuri wanda aka ɗauka akan komai a ciki. Sannan mara lafiyar ya sha maganin glucose mai ruwa-ruwa. Bayan minti 120, ana sake shan jini don jarrabawa.

Yawancin marasa lafiya suna sha'awar wannan tambaya menene sakamakon za'a iya samu akan wannan gwajin da kuma yadda za'a shawo kansu. Sakamakon PGTT shine matakin sukari na jini bayan mintuna 120:

• 7.8 mmol / l - haƙuriwar glucose al'ada ce,
• 11.1 mmol / l - haƙuri yana da rauni.

Idan babu bayyanar cututtuka, ana gudanar da binciken sau 2.

Alamar alama ta nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari 2

A cewar kididdigar, kusan 20% na marasa lafiya suna fama da cutar ta 1, duk sauran masu ciwon sukari na 2. A farkon lamari, alamun bayyanar suna bayyana, cutar ta fara ne kwatsam, matsanancin nauyi ba ya nan, a cikin na biyu - alamun ba su da m, marasa lafiya sun fi ƙarfin mutane daga shekaru 40 da haihuwa.

Ana iya gano kowane nau'in ciwon sukari a gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• gwajin c-peptide zai tantance idan ß kwayoyin suna samar da insulin,
• gwajin maganin kare kai
• bincike kan matakin ketone jikin,
• ganewar asali.

Don gano irin nau'in ciwon sukari da mai haƙuri yake da shi, likitoci sun kula da waɗannan abubuwan:

Ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ba shi da wahala ainun ta hanyar ciwon sukari da ketoacidosis. Don magani, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen kwamfutar hannu, sabanin cutar 1.

Ciwon sukari

Wannan rashin lafiya yana shafar yanayin kwayoyin gaba ɗaya, rigakafi ya raunana, sanyi, ciwon huhu galibi yana haɓaka. Abubuwan da ke tattare da gabobin na numfashi suna da yanayin rayuwa. Tare da ciwon sukari, da yiwuwar haɓakar tarin fuka, waɗannan cututtuka suna taɓarɓar juna.

Sirrin enzymes na narkewa wanda sinadarin dake haifar da ragewar ya ragu, kuma yana narkewar hanji. Wannan saboda ciwon sukari yana lalata tasoshin jini wanda ke daidaita shi da abubuwan gina jiki da jijiyoyi waɗanda ke sarrafa narkewar hanji.

Masu ciwon sukari suna kara saurin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan hanji (kodan, kureters, mafitsara, da sauransu). Wannan saboda marasa lafiya tare da raunana rigakafi suna haifar da masu ciwon suga. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka saboda karuwar abubuwan glucose a cikin jiki.

Marasa lafiya da ke cikin haɗari ya kamata su zama masu da hankali ga kiwon lafiya kuma, idan alamun halayen suka faru, nemi shawarar likitancin endocrinologist. Hanyar da za a bi don magance nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari 2 sun sha bamban. Likita zai taimaka sosai wurin gano cutar kuma ya ba da magani mai dacewa. Domin guje wa rikice-rikice, dole ne mai haƙuri ya bi shawarar likita sosai.