Siffofin raunin masu cutar sukari, alamu, yanayin biyan diyya, sanadin rashin lafiyar masu ciwon sukari da kuma alamun gwaji

• a kan komai a ciki - daga 3.5 zuwa 5.5 mmol / l,
• 2 hours bayan cin abinci - kasa da 7.8 mmol / l,

a plasma:

• a kan komai a ciki - har zuwa 6.1 mmol / l,
• 2 sa'o'i bayan cin abinci - kasa da 8.9 mmol / L.

Mmol / l - Raba don auna glucose na jini. Wasu na'urori suna ba da sakamakon a cikin mg%. Don samun sakamako a cikin mmol / l, yana da mahimmanci don rarraba sakamakon a cikin mg% ta 18 - wannan shine batun juyawa (kodayake ya kamata a lura cewa irin waɗannan na'urori ba su da dacewa kuma ba su da ɗanɗano tare da mu).

Yaya za a gano inda aka ƙaddara glucose? Kuna iya tambayar wannan game da mataimin dakin gwaje-gwajen da ke yin bincike, kuma idan kun gudanar da aikin dubawa kuma ku ƙuduri matakin glucose tare da glucometer (na'urar da za a iya ɗauka don tantance abubuwan glucose) da kanku, to ya kamata ku sani: yawancin glucose waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a Turai kuma muna daidaituwa (kafa) tare da jini gabaɗaya, duk da haka akwai banbancen. Misali, sabon kamfanin mita na LifeScan - Smart Scan an calibrated ta plasma, i.e. yana ƙayyade matakin glucose a cikin jini, kamar yawancin na'urorin gwaje-gwaje, tunda wannan hanya ce mafi dacewa don ƙayyade abubuwan glucose.
Dalilin juyawa don mayar da hankali da yawaitar glucose a cikin jini gaba daya ya zama daidai a cikin plasma shine 1.1.

Tsawanin asymptomatic hyperglycemia yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa mutum ya fara zuwa likita tare da gunaguni saboda rikicewar cutar sankara. Wannan na iya zama alƙawari tare da likitan mahaifa don rage hangen nesa (saboda cataracts ko retinopathy), alƙawari tare da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don raunin zuciya (da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka IHD), ciwon kai (haɗuwa da hauhawar jini), alƙawari tare da likita mai fiɗa don jin zafi da jin sanyi a cikin kafafu (hade da atherosclerosis na tasoshin da ƙananan ƙarshensa), ziyarar wani mai cutar neuropathologist game da ciwon kai, jin ƙyashi, ƙyallen da keɓancewa cikin kafafu (yana da alaƙa da tasoshin jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da lalacewar jijiyoyin mahaifa).
Gano azumin glycemia a cikin karatun da aka maimaita guda biyu tare da abubuwan glucose na fiye da 6.9 mmol / L a cikin jini na jini da fiye da 6.0 mmol / L a cikin jini gaba daya ko sa'o'i 2 bayan cin abinci fiye da 11 mmol / L a cikin jini gaba daya kuma sama da 12.1 mmol / l a cikin plasma, gami da kasancewar glucose a cikin fitsari, yasa a sami damar gano cutar sankaran mama.

Tare da ciwon sukari, sau da yawa babu abin da ke cutarwa.
Kuma wannan a zahiri haka ne. Yawancin marasa lafiya, da sanin cutarwar su, suna zaune tare da alamu waɗanda suka zarce matakan glucose na al'ada kuma suna jin ƙoshin lafiya. Amma matsalar ita ce lokacin da ba shi da lafiya, yana yawan latti: wannan yana nuna cewa rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari sun haɗu, barazanar makanta, ɓarna, bugun zuciya ko bugun jini, da gazawar koda.

Koyaya, kamar yadda ƙwarewar mutane da yawa, marasa lafiya da yawa suka nuna, mutumin da ke da hankali wanda ke sarrafa ciwon kansa zai iya guje wa haɗari da rayuwa mai tsawo.

Abinda ke kusa da alamomin ku shine al'ada, mafi kyau ana rama ciwon ku, wanda ke nufin akwai ƙarancin haɗarin haɓakawa da ci gaba da cututtukan masu ciwon sukari (tebur 2).

Kamar yadda za'a iya gani daga tebur da ke ƙasa, akwai kuma irin wannan mai nuna alama kamar yadda ake amfani da haemoglobin. Ana amfani dashi don gano ciwon sukari da sarrafa cutar. Menene wannan Bari mu samu shi dai-dai.

Wasikar da glycated haemoglobin zuwa matakin glycemia

Tunda tsawon rayuwar erythrocyte, a lokacinda yake “tarawa” glucose, shine watani 2, zamu iya yin hukunci da matakin haemoglobin wanda matsakaita na glucose na jini da mutum yakeyi a wannan lokacin, kuma, gwargwadon haka, yayi hukunci. kasancewar ko rashi diyya.
Binciken gargajiya (sau daya a wata) domin sanin matakin glucose a cikin jini yayi magana ne kawai game da alamomin sa a wannan lokacin, amma har a wannan lokacin matakin mai nuna alama yana iya canzawa, kamar yadda yawan bugun jini ko kuma yake canza jini.
Sabili da haka, bincike don tantance glucose a cikin jini, musamman sau ɗaya a wata, ya zama cikakke don yin hukunci da yanayin metabolism.
Sabili da haka, matakin glycated haemoglobin, wanda yake shi ne cikakken barga, sakamakon abin da ba shi da tasiri ta hanyar canzawa a cikin glycemia a ranar tarin jini, abinci mai gina jiki a ranar Hawan bincike, aikin jiki, a yau alama ce ta ma'ana da ke nuna yanayin yanayin metabolism (diyya, subcompensation, decompensation) don watanni 2 da suka gabata.
Yawancin karatu a Amurka da sauran ƙasashe sun nuna cewa matakan haemoglobin da ke glycated suna nuna haɗama sosai tsakanin ramawar masu ciwon sukari da haɗarin rikitarwa.

Don haka, nazarin ilimin likita na Amurka da yawa game da ciwon sukari da rikice-rikice na DCCT (Gudun Ciwon Ciwon da Rikicin gwaji), wanda ya wuce shekaru 10 (ƙare a 1993) wanda a cikin nau'in masu cutar ciwon sukari nau'in 1441 suka halarci, ya nuna cewa yana kusa da al'ada matakin glucose a cikin jini yana taimakawa hana ci gaba ko kuma hana ci gaban dukkan matsalolin masu ciwon sukari:

• maganin rashin aikin farfadowar marasa amfani - 54-76%,
• karin kumburin silima da farfadowa - daga kashi 47-56,
• mummunan rikicewa daga kodan - by 44-56%,
• rikitarwa daga tsarin juyayi - by 57-69%,
• manyan jiragen ruwa - da kashi 41%.

Mitar rikitarwa yana da ƙanƙantar da matakin Hemoglobin, wanda yake kusa da al'ada.

Wani misali shi ne babban binciken manyan makarantu na Burtaniya, watau UKPDS (Nazarin Tsarin ciwon suga na United Kingdom), wanda aka takaita a 1998.
Bayanai na UKPDS, wanda ya kusan kusan shekaru 20 (fiye da marasa lafiya 5,000 da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suka shiga ciki), ya nuna cewa raguwa a cikin ƙwayar haemoglobin ta 1% kawai yana haifar da raguwa 30-35% a rikicewar idanu, kodan da jijiyoyi. , kuma yana rage haɗarin haɓakar infitar mutum ta hanyar 18%, bugun jini - 15% da 25% yana rage mace-macen da ke tattare da cutar sankara.

Dangane da wannan bayanan An ba da shawarar cewa matakan hemoglobin HbA1c na glycated a kiyaye su kasa da 7% tare da ikonsa a kowane wata 3.
Indicara alamomi na haemoglobin na nuna alamun buƙatar gyaran rai na kai tsaye: abinci mai gina jiki, aikin jiki, magani da haɓaka sarrafa kansa, in ba haka ba zai yiwu ba a hana ci gaba da rikice-rikice masu ciwon sukari.

Wata manuniya ta hanyar wanda mutum zai iya yin hukunci gaban kasancewar cututtukan metabolism na cuta ko raunin ciwon sukari shine fructosamine.

Fructosamine Shin haɗuwa da glucose tare da furotin plasma, wanda ke faruwa tsakanin wata 1.
Matsakaicin ma'aunin fructosamine a cikin mutane masu lafiya shine har zuwa 285 mmol / l, shi daya ne tare da diyya don ciwon sukari.
Mai nuna alamun fiye da 400 mmol / l yana nuna ma'anar rushewar ƙwayoyin metabolism. Matsakaici masu nuna alama - game da ƙaddamar da kuɗi.

Matsayi na fructosamine an ƙaddara shi cikin jini mai ɓacin rai, ya bambanta da gemoclobin glycated. Ba shi yiwuwa a yanke hukuncin matsakaicin matakin glycemia (kamar yadda muke yi da gemoclobin glycated) ta hanyar fructosamine.

Mitar kulawa da lafiya

Kulawa ta kiwon lafiya wajibi ne:

kullun - sarrafa matakan glucose na jini (akan ciki mara kan gado da sa'o'i 2 bayan cin abinci), auna karfin jini,

na kwata - ƙuduri na gemocosylated haemoglobin na jini, ziyartar endocrinologist,

kowace shekara - gwargwado na cholesterol (LDL, HDL), gwargwadon cholesterol a cikin fitsari, ziyarci likitan mahaifa, ziyarar likitan kwakwalwa, ziyartar likitan tiyata.

Wajibi ne a dauki hoton zuciya sau ɗaya a shekara ko kuma fiye da haka - a bincika ko abubuwan da suka faru na ischemic sun fara.

A kai a kai (sau daya ko sau biyu a shekara), dangane da tsananin matsalar, duba yanayin kafafu a likitan dabbobi da likitan jijiyoyin dabbobi.

Lokacin yin iko da kai, yana da kyau a ci gaba da diary, musamman ga masu amfani da insulin. Abu ne mai kyau don adana abin tunawa a cikin kwamfutar, saboda kwamfutar tana ba ka damar haɗuwa da amfani da kowane nau'i. Kuna iya adana rubutun gargajiya a cikin littafin rubutu ko kuma babban littafin rubutu.

Mene ne sifofin raunin masu ciwon sukari

Kafin fara magani ga masu ciwon sukari, likita ya ƙayyade waɗannan manufofi masu zuwa:

• Rage gudu ko dakatar da ci gaba na cututtukan haɗari masu haɗari - ƙafafun masu ciwon sukari, duban jini, neuropathy da retinopathy,
• Yana hana m rikice-rikice (misali, cutar malaria, kamuwa da cuta, ƙarancin jini),
• Dawo da ingancin rayuwa,
• Rage abubuwan haɗari.

Ya danganta da shekaru, tsammanin rayuwa da kuma cututtukan haɗin kai, waɗannan manufofin maganin suna dacewa da likita daban-daban tare da haƙuri.

A farkon kowace farfajiya, likita yayi magana game da makasudin far da haƙuri. Tushen kowane magani shine don kara motsa jiki da asarar nauyi tare da ingantaccen tsarin abinci - musamman ma a cikin masu fama da kiba. Rage nauyi yana rage juriya insulin da hyperglycemia. Sau da yawa waɗannan matakan sun isa don rage sukarin jini. Yawancin cibiyoyin kwararru na kwararrun masu ciwon suga suna taimakawa canza yanayin rayuwar masu ciwon suga.

Tun da glycemia yana shafar ingancin rayuwa da tsammanin rayuwa, cimma daidaitaccen matakan glucose na jini babban manufa ne na jiyya. Idan mai haƙuri ya canza salon rayuwarsa kuma ya ɗauki wakilai na hypoglycemic, haɗarin rikitarwa yana ragu sosai. Ba duk mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ke buƙatar ma'aunin glucose na yau da kullun ba. Yawan ma'aunin da ake buƙatar aiwatarwa yayin rana an saita shi ta likita. Don auna glycemia, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar jini kaɗan daga yatsanka. Yawancin mitutu na glucose na jini suna da yawa a yau.

Ka'idodi don raunin masu ciwon sukari yawanci nau'ikan 2 ne:

• Darajar HbA1c: 6.5% - 7.5%,
• Azumin maida hankali ne monosaccharide (jinin venous): 100 - 125 mg / dl ko 5.6 - 6.9 mmol / l,
• Cakuda glucose a cikin jinin mai ɓacin rai 1 zuwa 2 sa'o'i bayan cin abinci: 140-199 mg / dl ko 7.8-11.0 mmol / l.

Rashin ciwon insulin-wanda ke dogaro da kansa yana bayyana kansa a cikin kowane mutum a fannoni daban-daban. A cikin marasa lafiya matasa, ya zama dole don kula da glycemia na jini kamar ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin al'ada don kada wani rikitarwa ya tashi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Tsofaffi mutane (fiye da shekara 75) yakamata su sha magungunan da zasu iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan matsalar yawan lokutan fitsari da kuma lalacewar hankali.

Saboda nau'in ciwon sukari nau'in 2 ana haifar dashi ta abubuwa da yawa kuma yawanci yana tare da hauhawar jini da hauhawar jini, ƙirar kulawa kuma sun haɗa da daidaita jinin jini da lipids. Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun. Wadannan manufofin warkewa suma yakamata a sami daidaituwa da shekaru, abubuwan rayuwa, da kuma yanayin mai haƙuri.

Sharuddan Matakan Ma'aikata

Likitocin da ke halartar sun wajabta amfani da maganin. Idan ya cancanta, ya nemi shawara tare da wasu kwararru, alal misali, tare da neurologist (neurologist), renal (nephrology), cardiac (cardiology) ko cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun gini (angiologist).

Bayan yin gwaji da kuma nazarin tarihin likita, likita zai yarda akan manufofin magani tare da mai haƙuri. Babban burin shine rage yawan sukarin jini. Mafi mahimmancin alamomin ganewar asali shine HbA1c (haemoglobin mai narkewa), wanda ke ba da izinin kulawa na dogon lokaci game da yanayin mai haƙuri.

Bugu da kari, an wajabta mai haƙuri yin azumi da gwajin abinci na glucose bayan abinci (bayan postprandial matakin). Ana iya auna waɗannan dabi'u ta mai haƙuri sau da yawa a rana. Sauran manufofin sun hada da hawan jini da lipids na jini. Sociungiyar likitoci sun ba da shawarwari don kula da masu ciwon sukari. Koyaya, ƙimar manufa mutum na iya bambanta. A shekaru masu zuwa da cututtukan da ke gudana, za a buƙaci sauran matakan magani.

A farkon farawar, likita ya ba da shawarar cewa mara lafiya ya canza rayuwarsu: rabu da kiba, daina shan sigari ko motsa jiki.Likita ya tattauna da mai haƙuri wane mataki ake buƙata kuma waɗanne matakai ya kamata a yi don magance raunin ƙwayar cuta. Bayan watanni uku, za a duba mara lafiyar. Ya danganta da hanyar jiyya, binciken likita na yau da kullun wajibi ne.

Kyakkyawan dabi'u don masu ciwon sukari bayan watanni 3 na magani:

Kwararrun suna ba marasa lafiya bayanai game da yadda ya kamata a biya diyya ga masu ciwon sukari na 2. Yana da mahimmanci a sami damar aunawa da saka idanu na tarawar monosaccharide akai-akai. Nau'in masu ciwon sukari na 1 suna buƙatar auna abun ciki na jikin ketone don hana mummunan yanayi - coma.

A cikin maganganun dogara da miyagun ƙwayoyi, ana tattauna madaidaicin kashi na insulin ko hali a cikin cututtukan m cikin cikakkun bayanai. Ilimin haƙuri yana nufin ƙara haɓakar alhakin marasa lafiya a hankali.

Abinci mai kyau da aiki na yau da kullun yana taimakawa rage yawan cutar glycemia a cikin matakan farko na cututtukan da ba sa da insulin. A cikin lura da ciwon sukari na 2, motsa jiki da abinci sune tushen jiyya.

Don rage glycemia, ana amfani da manyan rukunin magunguna uku:

• na baki hypoglycemic jamiái
• incetin mimetics
• shirye-shiryen insulin.

Lokacin amfani da magungunan da ke sama, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar auna glycemia a kai a kai. Manufar shine a guji wuce gona da iri - ko yawan zubar jini. Inji insulin ne daga likita idan ƙwayar cuta ta haifar da wadataccen insulin.

Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na yau da kullun na iya haifar da lalacewar sashin jiki. Wannan yana haifar da cutar ƙima da hauhawar mace a cikin mutane masu ciwon sukari fiye da waɗanda ke da lafiya. Hadarin atherosclerosis a cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar sankara ya fi 4-5 sau da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya.

Sabili da haka, maganin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ya haɗa da gwajin likita na yau da kullun don gane lokaci da kuma magance rikice-rikice. Don guje wa tasirin cutar sankarar bargo, ya zama dole ba kawai don sarrafa glycemia ba, har ma da karfin jini.

Hadarin da ke tattare da cutar sankarar mama yana haifar da:

• Zuciyar zuciya ta zuciya
• Cutar cututtukan jijiyoyin mahaifa
• Ischemic bugun jini
• Cutar koda (nephropathy),
• Kajin ciwon sukari, da sauransu.

A cikin lura da ciwon sukari, alƙawarin likita na yau da kullun da kuma bincika suna da mahimmanci. Mai ciwon sukari yakamata ya adana tsinkayen dabi'u na glycemic. Wannan zai taimaka wa likita mafi daidai daidaita jiyya.

Shawara! Tare da lalata cututtukan sukari (gestational ko wani nau'in), dole ne mai haƙuri ya nemi likita. Normalization na sigogi da kawar da bayyanar cututtuka na cutar taimaka taimaka partially ko cikakken mai haƙuri da ingancin rayuwa. A farkon alamun hyperglycemia, duka manya da yaro, matashi, suna buƙatar zuwa likita. Fara jiyya da wuri yana taimakawa hana rikice-rikice da bambance-bambancen yanayin.

Bayyanar cututtuka (ta yin amfani da gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje) da kuma kulawar ciwon sukari yakamata a gudanar da shi daga ƙwararren masanin. Yin rama don rashin lafiyar masu ciwon sukari a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da isasshen magani. Cututturar ƙwayar cutar siga ba tare da izini ba na iya haifar da mutuwar mai haƙuri. Saboda haka, ya kamata a fara jiyya a farkon lokacin ci gaban yanayin cutar.

Glycated haemoglobin

Glycosylated haemoglobin yana kasancewa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa gutsirin haemoglobin yana haɗuwa da glucose (mafi girman matakin sukari, mafi girman adadin glycated gutsutsiƙe). Ita kuma kwayar halittar jan jini, wacce take dauke da glycosylated fraction, tana rayuwa kimanin kwanaki 120, don haka bincike ya sami damar nuna yanayin metabolism a cikin watanni 2-3 da suka gabata.

Fructosamine

An kirkiro Fructosamine saboda ɗaukar abubuwan kariya na plasma zuwa sukari, yana nuna matakin glucose a cikin makonni 2-3 da suka gabata. A yadda aka saba, adadin fructosamine bai kamata ya wuce 285 μmol / L ba. Idan alamun suna sama da al'ada, wannan yana nuna kasancewar ƙwayar cuta mai ruɗarwa ko lalata, wanda haɗarin rikitarwa ke ƙaruwa.

Lipidogram

Wannan bincike yana ba da bayani kan sigogin lipid a cikin ɓangarorin jini daban-daban. Don wannan hanyar, ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya. Kafin aiwatar da maginin, mara lafiya kada ya cinye abinci na awanni 12, kar a sha taba, a gwada kada a jijjiga mintina 30 kafin gwajin. Amfani da wannan bincike, triglycerides, jimlar cholesterol, low and high density lipids, coefficient of atherogenicity (rabo daga "mara kyau" da "mai kyau" cholesterol) an ƙaddara.

Gwajin kansa don sukarin jini da gaban acetone a cikin fitsari

Don auna sukari na jini a gida, yi amfani da glucometer ko kuma abubuwan gwaji. Suna taimakawa wajen daidaita alamomi guda biyu a lokaci daya: wadannan sune matakan glucose akan gurbataccen ciki da alamomin sukari 1.5-2 bayan cin abinci (postprandial glycemia).

Bayanin farko yana da mahimmanci don bincika kowace rana da safe, na biyu sau 4-5 a cikin kullun. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna taimakawa ci gaba da daidaita matakan glucose, kuma a mafi ƙarancin karkatarwa - don gyara shi da abinci ko magani. Kowane mai haƙuri ya yanke shawarar adadin ma'aunin kowace rana ya kamata ya ɗauka, amma a kowane hali, yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da magudi aƙalla sau 2 - da safe akan komai a ciki da kuma bayan abincin farko.

Lokacin amfani da sabbin kwayoyi don ciwon sukari, ko tare da kurakurai a cikin abinci mai gina jiki, yana da mahimmanci a dauki ma'aunai koyaushe.

Tare da daidaitattun alamun alamun glucose a cikin jini, yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade sukari a cikin fitsari ba fiye da sau 1-2 a wata ba. Amma idan glucose ya wuce 12 mmol / L, yana da mahimmanci a bincika adadin sukari a cikin fitsari nan da nan. Ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa tare da raunin sukari mai raunin ƙwaya ya kamata ya kasance ba ya kasance, kuma idan akwai guda ɗaya, wannan yana nuna matakin ƙaddamarwa, ko ƙwacewa.

A irin waɗannan halayen, yana da mahimmanci a nemi likita don daidaita sashi na allunan da ke rage sukari ko insulin. Don nazarin kansa da fitsari, ana amfani da tsararrun gwaji tare da nuna launi. Sakamakon launi na tsiri na gwajin an kwatanta shi da alamu na sikelin launi na musamman (an samo shi akan saiti don gwajin).

Idan akwai sukari a cikin fitsari, kuna buƙatar gwadawa don sanin kasancewar acetone (jikin ketone) a ciki. Don wannan binciken, ana kuma amfani da tsararren gwajin gwaji (launi mai ɗorewa yana nufin babban abun acetone, ƙarancin ma'ana yana nufin low). Irin wannan magudin yana ɗaukar minutesan mintuna kaɗan kawai, amma alamominsa zasu ba ka damar fara jiyya kai tsaye kuma ka hana ci gaban matsaloli da yawa.

Siffofin raunin ciwon sukari

Bayan ƙarshen ƙarshen "mellitus ciwon sukari" likita ya zaɓi dabarun magani dangane da nau'in cutar. A nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ana amfani da maganin insulin; a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, cutar ta biya diyya ta abinci mai gina jiki, aikin jiki, da magunguna na hypoglycemic.

Ya kamata a bi abin da ake ci sosai don kowane nau'in ciwon sukari. Ga kowane mai haƙuri, an zaɓi abinci daban-daban, gwargwadon aikin motarka, amma akwai ƙa'idodin abinci gaba ɗaya, iri ɗaya ne ga duk masu fama da ciwon sukari:

• Yana da kyawawa don dafa abinci ta hanyar fatar, tafasa, gasa,
• Ci abinci sau da yawa, a cikin kananan rabo,
• Sweets, gari, kayan kwalliya (daga farin farin), salted, kyafaffen, kayan abinci mai mai,
• Kuna buƙatar cinye abinci gwargwadon ƙarfin makamashi a kowace rana,
• Salt a kowace rana don cinyewa bai wuce 12 grams ba.

Sanadin cututtukan sukari:

• Ba daidai ba a lissafin sashi na insulin,
• Overeating, keta ka'idodin abinci mai warkewa,
• Amincewa da magani
• Motsin rai mai zurfin tunani,
• Ba ya canzawa zuwa insulin,
• Yin amfani da kayan abinci (karin abinci) a maimakon magunguna,
• Adana magani ga kanka,
• Wasu nau'ikan cututtukan cututtuka masu haifar da maye ga jikin mutum.

Rashin daidaituwa na ciwon sukari

Saduwa da cutar ta zama asasin halittar cuta da rikitarwa. Matsaloli masu ƙarancin yanayi na haifar cikin ɗan kankanen lokaci, a cikin fewan mintuna ko awanni. A wannan yanayin, yana da muhimmanci a ba da kulawa cikin gaggawa, saboda sakamakon irin wannan yanayin na iya haifar da mutuwa.

M rikitarwa sun hada da:

• Hypoglycemia - saukar da kwatsam a cikin sukari na jini. Yana farawa da sauri, mara lafiya yana lura da rauni mai rauni, ji na yunwar. Idan ba'a bayar da taimakon lokaci na lokaci ba, mutumin zai faɗi cikin rashin lafiya. An cire su daga yanayin hypoglycemic tare da taimakon carbohydrates mai sauri (shayi mai zaki, alewa).
• Hyperglycemia shine karuwa kwatsam a cikin sukari na jini. Mai haƙuri yana jin rauni, yunwa, ƙishirwa. Zai yuwu fita daga wannan yanayin kawai tare da taimakon allurar insulin.
• Cutar masu ciwon sukari ta hada nau'ikan guda uku: hyperosmolar, lactic acid, ketoacidotic form. Akwai keta ruwa - electrolyte metabolism, acid-base balance. Kwayar cutar ta dogara da nau'in kwayar cutar mahaifa kuma suna buƙatar asibiti cikin gaggawa a cikin cibiyar likita.

Rikice-rikice na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ƙetare ƙima a cikin aiki gabobin da tsarin:

Yin rigakafin rikice-rikice

Baya ga saka idanu na kansa game da yanayin kiwon lafiya, mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ya kamata ya kai ziyara a kan mahallin endocrinologist kuma ya yi gwajin likita. Da farko dai, yakamata a yi wa waɗancan marasa lafiya waɗanda a cikinsu akwai haɗarin haƙuri da haƙuri (rigakafi).

Lokaci-lokaci, Wajibi ne a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ga mutane masu dauke da nauyin gado, matan da ke da mutuwar yara, ko jaririn da ke da nauyi (fiye da 4 kilogiram). Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar samun duban dan tayi na kodan, ECG na zuciya, saka idanu akan yanayin tasoshin, ɗaukar hoton-ray na kirji.

Ya kamata a lura da haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari ba kawai daga endocrinologist ba, har ma da wasu ƙwararrun kwararru - likitan zuciya, likitan hakora, likitan mahaifa, ƙwararrun cututtukan cututtuka, da kuma likitan fata.

Yanayin kamuwa da cutar siga

Wannan hanya ce mai laushi mai saurin kamuwa da cutar siga, wanda a cikin alamun gwaje-gwajen ya zama na al'ada ko kuma aƙalla a gare su, BMI ba ta waje da darajar fansho, da kuma hawan jini zuwa matakin hauhawar jini. A cikin sharuddan lambobi, babban diyya ga masu ciwon sukari na 2 kamar haka:

• Girasar jini na jini (glycemia). A kan komai a ciki - a ƙasa 6.1 mmol / L, sa'o'i 2 bayan cin abinci - ƙasa da 7.5 mmol / L.
• Glycated haemoglobin - har zuwa 6.5%.
• Fructosamine - har zuwa 285 μmol / L
• Matakan Lipid. Cholesterol yawanci. - a ƙasa 5.2 mmol / l. Triglycerides yana ƙasa da 1.7 mmol / L. Babban lipoproteins mai yawa (HDL) - a cikin kewayon 1.03-1.55 mmol / l. Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (LDL) - a ƙasa 3 mmol / L Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (VLDL) - a cikin kewayon 0.13-1.63 mmol / l. Coefficient na atherogenic shine 2.2-3.5.
• Glucose a cikin fitsari (glucosuria) - 0% ko 0 mmol / L.
• BMI Maza - har 25, mata - har 24.
• HELL - ba shi da sama da 139/89 mm Hg

A cikin gwaji na yanzu (gaba ɗaya), an ƙaddara yawan abubuwan cholesterol da triglycerides. Sauran alamomin kamar yadda likitan halartar ya tsara shi.

Tare da waɗannan alamun, haɗe tare da cikakken yanayin gamsarwa, rashin ƙishirwa (polydipsia) da yawan urination mai yawa (polyuria), itching fata da / ko raunin gani, a cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali na tsawon lokaci na duk darajar glucose (watanni da yawa), muna iya cewa wannan mataki na raunin masu ciwon sukari mellitus, wanda haɗarin rikitarwa ke da ƙarancin ƙarfi.Haka a cikin mafi girman diyya, irin waɗannan sakamakon suna yiwuwa ba tare da amfani da magunguna masu rage sukari ba. Isasshen abincin da sarrafa carbohydrates da aka cinye.

Rashin daidaituwa ta jiki da ta hankali, rayuwa mai yarda da tsarin yau da kullun zai kuma taimaka wajen rama ciwon sukari zuwa babban digiri. Musamman ma a farkon matakan bunkasa cutar.

Bayanin alamu na nazari da safiyo

Ana yin nazarin kowane sigogi ta hanyar abin da aka biya diyyar cutar sankarau ana gudanar da ita gwargwadon tsarinta. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya canzawa cikin fewan awanni, wasu a fewan makonni ko watanni. Amma haɗuwarsu, idan aka kwatanta da karatun da suka gabata da kuma yanayin asibiti, za su ba da cikakkiyar fahimta ga likitan halartar game da ko akwai, a zahiri, ramawa, tsawon lokacin da kuma zuwa ga yadda aka bayyana.

Matsakaicin ƙasashe

Wannan yanayin ne wanda ke faruwa wanda ya ta'allaka da halayen tsayayyen yanayi: abinci mai gina jiki, sarrafa carbohydrate, jiki da / ko hankali da tausayawa. Hakanan yana iya nuna rashin wadataccen isasshen magunguna ko rashin isasshen magani. Bayyananniyar bayyanar a kan bangon wasu cututtukan da ke canza hanyoyin rayuwa na jiki.

Matsakaicin diyya ga masu ciwon sukari an rage shi, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da karuwa a cikin dukkan alamu (ban da HDL), yanayin haɓaka da bayyanar / ƙara yawan alamun. Da farko dai, wannan ya shafi azumi da bayan cin abinci lambobin glycemic. Haka kuma, idan cin zarafin tsarin mulkin ya kasance lokaci daya da gajeru, sannan idan aka dawo da shi, sauran sigogin ba za su canza ba. Ba a buƙatar gyaran jiyya mai mahimmanci ba. Kuna iya yin ba tare da ziyartar ƙwararrun likita ba, amma a cikin "diary of diabetes" bayanin kula wannan yanayin.

Tare da cin zarafi na tsarin da / ko kuma rashin yarda da amfani da wakilai na hypoglycemic, an kafa kullun da ke cike da nau'in ciwon sukari na nau'in 2. Rushewar za a iya haifar dashi ta hanyar ci gaba da kowane cuta na yau da kullun, yana tasiri, musamman, metabolism metabolism. A wannan yanayin, karuwa a cikin alamun tabbatattu. Kuma siginar farko na canji zuwa subcompensation shine bayyanar glucosuria (har zuwa 0.5% ko 28 mmol / l). Tattaunawa da likitocin halartar, ƙarin jarrabawa, gyaran jumla da kuma magunguna na likita ya zama dole.

Manuniyar alamomin tazara daga rama zuwa decompensated.

Decompensating Type 2 Ciwon sukari

Halin mawuyacin halin cutar. An lura da shi ta hanyar lalacewar tsarin mulki, magani mara kyau ko rashi, ci gaban wasu cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata. Tare da lalata, lalacewa yana faruwa ga tasoshin, gabobin ciki da tsarinsu, haɓaka mummunan rikice-rikice (kafin mutuwa). Ofimar alamu:

• Girasar jini na jini (glycemia). Azumi –7.8 da sama mmol / l. 2 hours bayan cin abinci - 10 kuma mafi girma mol / l.
• Glycated haemoglobin –7.5% kuma mafi girma,
• Fructosamine - sama da 285 μmol / L,
• Matakan Lipid. Jimlar cholesterol –6.5 kuma mafi girma mol / l. Triglycerides - 2.2 kuma mafi girma mol / L. Babban lipoproteins mai yawa (HDL) - a ƙasa 1.0 mmol / L Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (LDL) - sama da 3 mmol / L Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (VLDL) - sama da 1.63 mmol / L. Maganin atherogenicity - fiye da 3.5.
• Glucose a cikin fitsari (glucosuria) - daga 0.5% ko 28 mmol / l.
• BMI Maza - fiye da 27, mata - sama da 26.
• HELL –159 / 99mm Hg kuma mafi.

Hakanan irin wannan bayanan sun bayar da shawarar cewa irin wannan diyya ga masu dauke da cutar siyarwar insulin tana da karancin gaske.

Gano cikin lokaci, a karkashin iko, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ba zai iya haifar da matsala ba na dogon lokaci. Ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiya da ke da irin nau'in cutar sankarar mellitus ta 2 wacce ke kusa da ta lafiyayyen mutum. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, yanayin biyan diyya shine rigakafin mummunan rikice-rikice na cututtukan cututtukan sukari kuma mabuɗin don kiyaye tsammanin rayuwa.