Teburin burodin gurasa don masu ciwon sukari! Yadda ake karanta XE?

• 13 ga Agusta, 2018
• Endocrinology
• Natalia Nepomnyashchaya

Take hakkin tsarin endocrine na iya haifar da babbar illa ga jiki baki daya. Daya daga cikin mummunan tasirin da ke tattare da irin wannan gazawar shi ne ci gaban ciwon sukari. Tare da wannan cutar, yana da mahimmanci don kula da daidaitaccen daidaituwa na yawan abubuwan da ke tattare da carbohydrates da abubuwan da ke cike da sukari tare da abinci. Canje-canje a matakin sukari na jini sama ko ƙasa na iya haifar da yanayi mai haɗari a cikin jiki - haɓakar cutar hypoglycemia ko hyperglycemia. Sabili da haka, mai haƙuri ba kawai don saka idanu kan matakin glucose ba - akwai mahimmancin amfani da amfani da ilimin insulin kuma a bi tsauraran matakan rage cin abinci. A cikin shirye-shiryen wani abinci, manufar sassan gurasa a cikin ciwon sukari na da mahimmanci. Amma menene wannan alamar? A ina ake amfani da shi? Kuma menene mahimmanci?

Ma'anar ra'ayi

Rukunin Gurasa na Gurasa (XE) shine ma'aunin yanayin sinadarin carbohydrate na abincin yau da kullun. Ana karɓar wannan mai nuna alama a duk faɗin duniya kuma koyaushe ana yin la’akari da shi lokacin da aka tsara kowane tsarin abinci. A yau, ana amfani da tsarin makirci da teburin gurasa gurasa ba wai kawai don tattara bayanan yau da kullun na masu haƙuri da irin wannan mummunar cuta ba, har ma ga waɗanda suke kula da abincinsu da adadi.

Nawa ne wannan a cikin grams?

Yin amfani da matsakaicin ma'auni yana ba ku damar sauƙaƙe lissafin abubuwan carbohydrates da aka cinye. Maganar raka'a gurasa a cikin ciwon sukari ya bayyana godiya ga aikin masana ilimin abinci na Jaman. Sun kirkiro teburai na musamman waɗanda aka tsara lissafin abubuwan carbohydrates na samfurori kuma an tattara nauyin ƙimarsu zuwa matsayin da aka yarda da shi - ɗan burodi wanda nauyinsa shine 25 g. Don haka, an yi imani da cewa a cikin rukunin abinci guda ɗaya akwai 12 g na carbohydrates wanda jikin mutum ya ɗauka. A wannan yanayin, masana kimiyya sunyi lissafin cewa 1 XE yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar glucose jini ta 2.8 mmol / lita. Don rama matakin matakin sukari da aka canza, ana buƙatar 1.4 UNIT na insulin. Wannan yana nufin cewa yayin da ƙarin haƙuri ya ci raka'a gurasa (don ciwon sukari), mafi girman adadin ƙwayar da yake buƙata ya shiga don rama sukari a cikin jiki.

Darajar carbohydrates

Tabbas, duk abincin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin abincin ya bambanta a cikin abun da ke ciki, amfanin ko lahani, da kuma adadin kuzari na abinci. A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, ana kulawa da kulawa ta musamman ga adadin ƙwayoyin narkewa mai narkewa wanda sashin gurasa ɗaya ya ƙunshi. Sabili da haka, mutanen da ke fama da alamun cutar dole ne su lissafa adadin yawan abin da ke cikin ƙwayar carbohydrate kuma ku san ainihin waɗancan waɗanda suke sha a hankali kuma waɗanne sauri za su ƙara yawan sukari a cikin jiki. Kada mu manta cewa samfurin ya ƙunshi carbohydrates insoluble insoluble, waɗanda kawai aka keɓance su, kuma basa shafar ƙimar glucose. Haka kuma akwai carbohydrates mai narkewa waɗanda ke haɗuwa da sauran ayyukan jiki.

Kirga raka'a gurasa a cikin ciwon sukari

Lafiyar mai haƙuri sau da yawa ya dogara da ƙididdigar lissafin. Amma don ƙayyade adadin carbohydrates da aka cinye, yana da muhimmanci a yi nazarin halayen kowane samfurin kafin kowane abinci. A wannan yanayin, akwai yiwuwar rashin daidaituwa da kurakurai koyaushe. Wannan yana buƙatar amfani da teburin abinci na musamman. Mutanen da ke fama da nau'in cutar I (ciwon sukari na yara), ilimin su kawai ya zama dole don cikakken rayuwa. Haɓaka nau'in cutar II sau da yawa yakan tsokani aiwatar da kiba. Sabili da haka, mutanen da ke fama da nau'ikan nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana buƙatar tebur XE don ƙididdigar yawan adadin kuzari na samfuran. Babban mahimmanci shine wadataccen rarraba amfaninsu yayin rana. Koyaya, a kowane hali, musanya wasu samfura don ƙayyade XE ba zai zama mai girma ba.

Rukunin Gurasa a Abinci

Matsakaicin kullun na carbohydrates da ke shiga jiki kada ya wuce 18-25 XE. A lokaci guda, dole ne a rarraba su zuwa hanyoyi da yawa: a lokaci guda ba za ku iya amfani da fiye da 7 XE ba. Ya kamata a cinye yawancin carbohydrates da safe. Don tara menu don mellitus na ciwon sukari, raka'a gurasa a cikin abin da dole ne ya bi ka'idodi, ya zama dole a bi ƙa'idodin gabaɗaya.

Yarjejeniyar kai

A cikin mutane masu ciwon sukari, allunan XE ya kamata koyaushe su kasance a kusa. Sun nuna adadin carbohydrates suna ɗauke da wasu samfura a cikin adadin daidai yake da na 1 gurasa. Su ne tushen tattara abincin yau da kullun. Koyaya, idan kwatsam bai bayyana ba, zaka iya yin lissafin da kansa dole.

Alamar kowane samfurin yawanci yana nuna abubuwan da ya ƙunsa da darajar abinci mai gina jiki. Don canza carbohydrates zuwa raka'a gurasa, kuna buƙatar rarraba lambar su ta 12. resultingididdigar yawan shine ƙimar da ake so. Yanzu kuna buƙatar auna adadin samfurin da ake buƙata wanda mai haƙuri zai iya ci, ba tare da tsoro don lafiyar su ba.

Misali, 100 g na kukis na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi 50 g na carbohydrates. Don gano nawa XE yake a cikin daidai adadin kukis, muna yin ƙididdigar ƙididdigar masu zuwa:

Saboda haka, raka'a gurasa 4 zai riga ya kasance a cikin 100 grams na kukis. Sannan matsakaicin adadin kuki da za'a iya ci ba tare da nuna wariya ga lafiyar ku shine gram 150. Wannan adadi zai ƙunshi raka'a 6. Ana lissafta adadin insulin da ake buƙata musamman don wannan nauyin kuki.

Ka'idodin abinci mai warkewa

• Abubuwan caloric na abinci don ciwon sukari a cikin abincin yau da kullun ya kamata a kashe su ta hanyar kuzari.
• Ya kamata a daidaita yawan furotin, fats da carbohydrates a kowane abinci.
• M abinci mai gina jiki ga marasa lafiya - tushen menu. Ya kamata mutum ya ci sau 5 a rana, yana ɗaukar abinci a cikin ƙananan rabo.

Menene naúrar abinci - tebur XE?

Breadungiyar gurasa shine ma'aunin da ake amfani dashi don ƙayyade adadin carbohydrates a cikin abinci. An gabatar da manufar da aka gabatar musamman ga irin wannan marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari wadanda ke karbar insulin don adana muhimman ayyukansu. Magana game da menene raka'a gurasa, kula da gaskiyar cewa:

• wannan alama ce da za a iya ɗauka azaman tushe don sanya menus ko da ta mutane masu kyakkyawan yanayin kiwon lafiya,
• akwai tebur na musamman wanda aka nuna waɗannan alamun ga kayan abinci daban-daban da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan,
• Lissafin abubuwan gurasa zai iya kuma yakamata ayi da hannu kafin cin abinci.

Yin la'akari da ɓangaren burodi ɗaya, kula da gaskiyar cewa daidai yake da 10 (ban da fiber na abin da ake ci) ko gram 12. (gami da abubuwan da ake dasu a cikin ballast) carbohydrates. A lokaci guda, yana buƙatar raka'a 1.4 na insulin don saurin ɗaukar jiki da matsala ba matsala. Duk da cewa raka'a gurasa (tebur) ana samunsu a bainar jama'a, kowane mai ciwon sukari ya kamata ya san yadda ake ƙididdige ƙididdigar, da kuma adadin carbohydrates a cikin gurasar gurasa ɗaya.

Lissafi da amfani da raka'a gurasa

Lokacin gabatar da manufar da aka gabatar, masu kula da abinci masu gina jiki sun ɗauki matsayin sananniyar samfurin ga kowa - gurasa.

Idan ka yanke gurasar ko bulo na burodi mai launin toka cikin guda (na kusan cm cm), to rabin rabin abin da yakai shine ya dauki nauyin 25. zai zama daidai da rukunin burodi ɗaya a cikin samfuran.

Haka yake, misali, don biyu tbsp. l (50 gr.) Buckwheat ko oatmeal. Smallaya daga cikin ƙananan fruitan itacen apple ko pear daidai yake da XE. Lissafin burodin burodi za a iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyar mai ciwon sukari, haka nan za ku iya duba allunan. Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙe ga mutane da yawa suyi la'akari da amfani da masu lissafin kan layi ko a baya suna buɗe menu tare da masanin abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin irin wannan abincin, an rubuta abin da daidai ya kamata a cinye masu ciwon sukari, raka'a nawa aka ƙunsa a cikin samfurin musamman, kuma menene rabon abinci ya fi dacewa da bi. An bada shawarar sosai cewa:

• marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 dole ne su dogara da XE kuma a kirga su musamman a hankali, saboda wannan yana shafar lissafin yawan maganin yau da kullun,
• musamman, wannan ya shafi gabatarwar sashin hormonal wani gajere ko nau'ikan fitowar hoto. Abin da aka za'ayi nan da nan kafin cin abinci,
• 1 XE yana ƙara yawan sukari daga 1.5 mmol zuwa 1.9 mmol. Abin da ya sa keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓiyar gurasar ya kamata ya kasance koyaushe a hannu don sauƙaƙe ƙididdigar

Don haka, mai ciwon sukari yana buƙatar sanin yadda ake ƙididdige gurasa don ya kula da matakan sukari na farin jini. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga nau'in 1 da nau'in cuta 2. Amfanin shine, lokacin da ake bayanin yadda za'a yi lissafta daidai, za'a iya amfani da na'urar lissafi ta yanar gizo tare da lissafin mai.

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Menene XE ake buƙata don ciwon sukari?

A lokacin rana, mutum yana buƙatar amfani daga raka'a 18 zuwa 25, wanda zai buƙaci rarraba shi zuwa abinci biyar zuwa shida. Wannan ka'ida ta dace ba kawai ga masu ciwon sukari guda 1 ba, har ma ga masu ciwon sukari na 2. Dole ne a lissafta su biyun: don karin kumallo, abincin rana, abincin dare. Wadannan abincin yakamata su kasance daga raka'a burodi uku zuwa biyar, yayin da abun ciye-ciye - raka'a daya ko biyu domin ware wani mummunan tasiri akan matakin glucose a cikin jinin mutum.

A cikin abinci guda bai kamata cin abinci fiye da raka'a bakwai.

Ga marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, yana da mahimmanci cewa yawancin samfuran da ke dauke da carbohydrates ana ɗauka daidai lokacin farkon rana.

Magana game da raka'a gurasa a cikin ciwon sukari, suna kula da gaskiyar cewa idan kun sami damar cinyewa fiye da yadda aka shirya, to bayan cin abinci ya kamata ku ɗan jira kaɗan. Bayan haka gabatar da karamin adadin insulin, wanda ke kawar da yiwuwar canje-canje a cikin sukari.

Tebur mai yiwuwa na amfani da XE don nau'ikan mutane daban-daban

Matsalar ita ce ba za ku iya yin wannan ba sau da yawa kuma kuyi amfani da raka'a insulin 14 sama da ƙasa (gajeru) kafin abinci lokaci ɗaya. Abin da ya sa yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi tunani da kuma ƙididdigewa gaba ga abin da za a cinye kowace rana a cikin marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 2. Idan matakin sukari ya zama mafi kyau tsakanin abinci, zaku iya cin komai a cikin adadin 1 XE ba tare da buƙatar insulin ba. Kada a manta cewa teburin gurasar gurasar abinci ga masu ciwon sukari ya kamata ya kasance koyaushe.

Kayayyakin da za a iya cinyewa kuma suna buƙatar kawar dasu

Duk abincin da mai cutar siga ko mai shan sa ya cinye shi ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar kulawa da samfuran gari. Duk wani nau'ikansu da basu da wadataccen mai cutar za su iya cinye shi. Koyaya, dole ne a tuna cewa:

• Ana samun mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin burodin Borodino (kimanin gram 15) kuma a cikin gari, taliya,
• Dankin cokali da ganyayyaki da cuku gida ana ɗaukar su da babban rabo na gurasa, saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar shigar da su cikin abinci ba,
• hada abinci daga nau'in gari a cikin abinci guda ba a bada shawarar ba.

Da yake magana game da hatsi da hatsi, masana suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga amfanin buckwheat, oatmeal. Ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa ƙwayar ƙwayar kwalliya ana san shi da ƙarin saurin ɗaukar ruwa. A wannan batun, tare da babban sukari ana bada shawara don dafa hatsi mai kauri, kuma tare da ƙarancin sukari - semolina, alal misali. Mafi ƙarancin kyawawa don amfani a cikin jerin gwanon gwangwani ne na gwangwani da masara matasa.

XE rarraba ko'ina cikin rana

Lura da duk kayan aikin abincin da aka yi amfani da shi, mutum ba zai iya taimakawa ba amma kula da dankali da, musamman, dankali da aka dafa. Potatoaya daga cikin dankalin turawa matsakaici shine XE. Mashedin dankali a kan ruwa yana haɓaka matakan sukari cikin hanzari, yayin da dankali daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗa suke ƙaruwa a hankali. Sunan da aka soya zai yi aiki da hankali sosai. Sauran amfanin gona masu tushe (karas, beets, pumpkins) ƙila za a iya shigar da su cikin abincin, amma ya fi kyau amfani da sabbin sunaye.

A cikin jerin kayan kiwo, waɗanda ke haɓaka da ƙarancin adadin mai za su fi so. A wannan batun, alal misali, kuna buƙatar watsi da shan madara. Koyaya, kullun zaka iya amfani da gilashin kefir, ƙaramin adadin cuku mai ɗumi, wanda za'a iya ƙara kwayoyi da sauran kayayyaki (alal misali, ganye).

Kusan duk berries da 'ya'yan itace ana bada shawara kuma an yarda dasu don amfani da cutar siga. Koyaya, tunda su, kamar legumes, sun haɗa da carbohydrates mai yawa, yana da kyawawa don daidaita rabon su don ware tsalle a cikin sukarin jini. Idan aka haɗa menu daidai, to, masu ciwon sukari na iya amintaccen cin 'ya'yan itace da kayan zaki na berry, suna jin daɗin strawberries maimakon shaye-shayen shaye-shaye.

Likitocin sun ba da shawarar cin strawberries, cherries, gooseberries, ja da baki currants. Koyaya, yi la'akari da 'ya'yan itacen marmari, cherries. Unitsungiyoyi gurasa nawa suke da su? Yana da matukar muhimmanci a tantance a gaba ta hanyar karanta tebur na musamman. Hakanan zai kasance mahimmanci:

• hana amfani da ruwan da aka saya da abubuwan cakuda saboda kasancewar takaddun kayan abinci da sauran abubuwan cutarwa a cikinsu,
• ware Sweets da kayan kamshi daga abinci. Lokaci-lokaci, zaku iya shirya murhun apple, muffins a gida, kuna amfani dasu da yawa bayan haka,
• kifi da samfuran nama ba a ɗaukar nauyin XE ba, saboda ba su da carbohydrates. Koyaya, haɗuwa da nama ko kifi da kayan lambu ya zama lokaci don ƙididdigar alamomin da aka gabatar.

Don haka, kowane mai ciwon sukari yana buƙatar sanin komai game da raka'a gurasa da ƙididdigar su. Wannan nuna zai taimaka wajan inganta matakan sukari na jini sosai da kuma rage yiwuwar rikitarwa. Abin da ya sa a kowane yanayi bai kamata a yi watsi da ƙididdigar lokaci na abubuwan gurasa ba.