Ka'idojin gudanar da gwajin jini na kwayoyin halittun cholesterol, da kuma tantance sakamakon da aka samu

Matsayi na cholesterol shine ɗayan mahimman alamu a cikin nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin jini. Tabbas, babban tarorsa yana matukar yin tasiri ga aikin jijiyoyin jini kuma yana haifar da mummunan sakamako.

Koyaya, babban haɗarin shine alamun alamun karuwar kwayar cholesterol kusan ba zai yiwu ba a lura a matakin farko na haɓakar cutar kansa.

Abin da ya sa bayan shekaru 30, likitoci suna ba da shawarar gudummawar jini kowace shekara don nazarin matakan cholesterol. Don haka, haɓakar atherosclerosis, ciwon sukari da sauran cututtuka na yau da kullun da ke buƙatar magani na gaggawa za'a iya gano su ta hanyar da ta dace.

Yadda za a shirya don bayar da jini?

Domin sakamakon ya kasance daidai kamar yadda zai yiwu, yana da muhimmanci a bi wasu shawarwarin likitoci. Babban doka - kafin a dauki gwajin jini na cholesterol, an haramta shi sosai a ci. Wajibi ne a guji cin abinci mai kitse da barasa 48 sa'o'i kafin bayar da jini, kuma daga cin kowane abinci - awa 8 kafin bada jini.

In ba haka ba, abubuwa na kwayoyin halitta da ke fitowa daga abinci, shiga jini, canza abin da ya ƙunsa, wanda, ba shakka, yana rinjayar sakamakon binciken ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Hakanan, kafin bayar da gudummawar jini, likitoci sun bada shawara:

Don bincika tsakanin tsakanin 8 da 10 da safe, a wannan lokacin duk hanyoyin nazarin halittu suna ci gaba sosai, kuma jin yunwar safe bai da ƙarfi sosai.
Kafin bayar da gudummawar jini, haramun ne a sha kowane irin abin sha, kamar su shayi. An banbanta ruwan sha mai tsabta.
Don makonni da yawa kafin bayarwa (ban da kwanakin ƙarshe na ƙarshe), yana da kyau a kula da abincin da ya gabata kuma kada kuyi ƙoƙarin inganta shi. Babu shakka, wannan zai haifar da canji a cikin bayanai, amma yana cikin mafi kyawun sha'awarku don sanin ainihin yanayin lafiyar ku.
Yana da matukar ba a ke so don ba da gudummawar jini a lokacin sanyi da sauran cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su na kwayar cutar hanji. Idan mai haƙuri ba shi da lafiya, yana da kyau a canja wurin yin gwajin jini da gudanar da wasu afteran kwanaki bayan cikakken lafiyar.
Ba zai zama mai kyau don yin motsa jiki mai nauyi ba ko a fallasa shi ga yanayin damuwa yayin ranar kafin mika wuya. Idan ya cancanta, hawa dutsen zuwa ofis da ake so, kafin shan jini ya fi kyau a jira minti 10 har sai numfashi da bugun zuciya su daidaita.
Ba a yarda shan taba sigina 2 sa'o'in kafin isarwa.
Wajibi ne a sanar da likitan da ke bayar da ishara game da gwajin jini game da shan kowane magunguna. Don haka ƙwararren likita ba kawai zai yi la'akari da wannan gaskiyar lokacin la'akari da sakamakon ba, har ma ya gaya muku yadda za a shirya yadda ya kamata don gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ba tare da katse hanyar magani na baya ba.

Gwajin jini na kwayoyin halittun cholesterol da sakamakon sa

Zai fi kyau ba da gudummawar jini a cikin ɗakunan lafiya na ƙwararrun likitoci, waɗanda aka sanye su da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na zamani waɗanda ke ba ku damar samun sakamakon abin dogara.

Kwararrun da ke aiki a wurin zasu gaya muku dalla-dalla yadda wannan tsari zai gudana, saboda haka, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar ƙananan matakan kawai don shirye-shiryen farawa da aka bayyana a sama. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya, amma a wasu halaye, ana iya buƙatar jini daga yatsa don bincike. Sakamakon yawanci a shirye yake bayan couplean awanni biyu ko gobe.

Akwai hanyoyin yin gwaje gwaje da yawa da suka danganci yin bincike a cikin jini, wato, ƙarancin jini na rashin fibrinogen. Ana amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin nutsuwa kuma a haɗe tare da dabarun bincike na zamani yana ba ku damar samun ingantaccen sakamako.

Mafi kyawun inganci kuma hanyoyin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje sune:

Hanyar Zlatkis-Zach,
Hanyar Ilka,
Hanyar Liberman-Burchard.

Sakamakon bayanan da aka samu ta amfani da kowane ɗayan hanyoyin kusan iri ɗaya ne, sun bambanta kawai a cikin zaɓar reagents, a cikin rikitarwa da lokacin halayen.

Bayanin kansa na sakamako

A cikin 'yan awanni kaɗan ko kuma gobe mai zuwa za ku karɓi fom tare da sakamakon, wanda zaku iya yanke hukunci ko tuntuɓar likitan ku. A matsayinka na doka, duk alamomin an rubuta su a cikin harshen Rashanci, kuma ana nuna halayensu zuwa dama na sakamakon, wanda zai iya bambanta dan kadan dangane da bayanan asibitin. Matsakaicin ma'aunin ma'auni shine mmol / L. Misali mai zuwa wani nau'i ne na blank don sakamakon binciken kwayoyin.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, cholesterol a cikin nazarin kwayoyin halittar jini an sanya shi azaman "Total cholesterol" ko a cikin haruffa na Rasha "XC". Sauran ƙira ba sa haifar da matsaloli. Koyaya, zane-zanen da aka rubuta cikin Ingilishi ko Latin ba zai yuwu sanuwa ba, wanda ke haifar da wahalar mutum a cikin tsara. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin gudanar da binciken a cikin wani yanayi na atomatik, wato, nau'in ya cika ta daga masanan da ke yin kasashen waje, ma’aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje ne kawai ke bayar da samfuran jini don binciken.

Don haka, galibi a cikin sakamakon sakamako zaka iya gani:

Chol ko (cholesterol) - jimlar cholesterol,
HDL ko (ƙarancin lipoprotein mai yawa) - yawan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins mai yawa,
LDL ko (ƙarancin lipoprotein mai yawa) - ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa.

Gabaɗaya, gwajin jini na ƙirar ƙwayar cuta shine cikakkiyar ganewar asali game da abubuwan da ke tattare dashi don abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta da sinadarai, babban cikinsu sune sunadarai, fats, carbohydrates, triglycerides, lipids, da sauransu. Domin kare kanka, ƙari ga jimlar cholesterol, haɗakar HDL - ƙaramar ƙwayoyin atherogenic da haɗuwa da LDL - ana nuna mafi kyawun ƙimar atherogenic kai tsaye akan sakamakon bincike na cholesterol.

Jimlar cholesterol

Matsayi na cholesterol a cikin jini yana tattare da jimlar abubuwanda ke tattare da dukkanin sassanta yana da matakin daban na atherogenicity, wato, ikon daidaitawa a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini. A yadda aka saba, matakinsa yakai 3 mmol / L, alamomi sama da 4 mmol / L ana ɗauka cin zarafi ne wanda ke buƙatar magani. Koyaya, alamomin cikakken cholesterol sun dogara ne akan shekarunsa, kusa da shekaru 50, matakin 5 mmol / l ana daukarsa a matsayin al'ada. Da ke ƙasa akwai tebur na matsakaiciyar ƙwayar cholesterol daidai da shekarun mutum.

Lokacin da yawan kuɗin cholesterol ya karkace daga al'ada, haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis yana ƙaruwa sosai. A yayin wuce gona da iri, wani bangare mai mahimmanci ya zauna akan bangon jijiyoyin jini kuma yana samar da lamuran jigilar cholesterol wadanda ke kawo cikas ga tsarin jini. Mafi girman alamar dake nuna yawan tasirin cholesterol, cikin sauri wannan tsari yana faruwa, sabili da haka, idan ya kasance da karkatacciyar karkacewa daga al'ada, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar cikakkiyar kulawa ta gaggawa.

Babban lipoproteins mai yawa, ko kuma abin da ake kira da "cholesterol mai kyau," a zahiri ba su daidaita a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini ba, wanda ke nufin ba sa ƙara haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis da sakamakonsa. Bugu da kari, suna bayar da tasu gudummawa ga rushewar da kawar da kitse mai dumu dumu daga jiki. An yi la'akari da dabi'u a cikin kewayon 0.9-2 mmol / L na al'ada. Amma kuma, maida hankali ya dogara da shekaru.

Tare da haɗakar HDL ƙasa da 0.9 mmol / L, haɗarin haɓakar cututtukan zuciya yana ƙaruwa sosai. Don haɓaka matakin babban lipoproteins mai yawa, an wajabta mai haƙuri policosanol. Har zuwa yau, fibrates suna da matukar tasiri ga waɗannan dalilai.

Darancin wadataccen lipoproteins ko “mummunan cholesterol” - waɗannan, tare da ƙananan ƙarancin lipoproteins, a cikin babban taro, zauna a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, a ƙarshe suna samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cholesterol waɗanda ke haifar da zagayawa cikin jini. A yadda aka saba, masu nuna alamar kada su wuce 3.5 mmol / l.

Yana yiwuwa a rage aan wuce haddi na ka'idodin LDL ta hanyar 1-1.5 mmol / l tare da taimakon ingantaccen tsarin abinci na hypocholesterol. Idan akwai wani mummunar rikicewa, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar magani mai rikitarwa na musamman, wanda ya hada da yin amfani da statins, yin aiki da tsarin yau da kullun (aiki / hutawa), da aikin motsa jiki mai sauƙi.

Gabaɗaya, waɗannan sune kawai alamomi na gaba ɗaya waɗanda ke ba da izinin likita don tantance yanayin jinin mai haƙuri da sauri. Idan an samo keta hakki, don tantance ingantaccen hoto, likita zai duba gaba daya, wanda ya qunshi sauran halaye na jikin jini. A ƙarin daki-daki, za mu yi magana game da shi nan gaba.

Kai Tsawon Cholesterol

Baya ga hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje, akwai kuma zaɓi na gudanar da gwajin jini cikin sauri don cholesterol a gida. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar siyan na'ura ta musamman, ana kiranta ƙarar ƙirar injuna.

Yawanci, wannan na'urar batir ne wanda ke amfani da batir wanda yazo tare da tsarar takarda na musamman tare da reagents.

Don samun sakamako daidai gwargwado, kawai faɗuwa akan tsiri ɗaya daga digo ɗaya na jini ya isa. Na'urar da kanta tana nuna sakamakon a cikin 'yan mintina kaɗan.

Domin yin aiki don magance cholesterol, ana buƙatar ku:

Saka baturan cikin mai binciken, kunna shi, saita lokaci da kwanan wata.
Daga jerin gwanon gwajin, ya zama dole don zaɓar da sakawa cikin na'urar da ta dace da maɓallin lambar da aka zaɓa.
Ana gudanar da samammen jini daga yatsa tare da taimakon wani kwalli na musamman; kafin a dakatar da shi, ya zama dole a shafar yatsa. Don bincike, ya isa sanya sanya digo ɗaya na jini a kan tsiri gwajin.
Bayan minti 2-3 (dangane da ƙirar nazari), za a nuna sakamakon a allon.

Wannan shi ne babban ƙa'idar aiki da waɗannan na'urori ke aiki, ƙarin bayani cikakke, a matsayin mai mulkin, an haɗa shi da mai bincike mai bayyana. Farashin su yana farawa daga 3,000 rubles, wanda shine ainihin saka jari mai mahimmanci ga mutanen da suke buƙatar ma'aunin yau da kullun na matakan cholesterol, tunda farashin gwajin jini na biochemical guda yana cikin yankin na 300-500 rubles, dangane da asibitin da yankin.

Daga cikin fa'idodin waɗannan na'urorin, yana da mahimmanci a lura da ƙarancin lalacewa (lancet kawai ya danƙa fatar da yatsa), dacewa da sauƙin amfani ba tare da buƙatar ziyartar asibiti ba. Mai nazarin ya dace da duba matakan cholesterol a cikin mata da maza har ma da yara, duk sigogi za a iya daidaita su cikin sauƙin.

Cikakken bayanin martaba na lipid

A lipidogram har yanzu shine gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta guda daya, amma ya kunshi cikakken jerin abubuwan abubuwa. Binciken kowane ɗayansu yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun ganewar asali kuma, saboda haka, nadin hanya mafi inganci na magani. Yiwuwar aiwatarwarsa ta samo asali ne kawai a gaban wasu karkacewa daga yanayin manyan alamu na jini da aka bayyana a baya.

Hakanan. Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke yin ayyukan tsari da kuzari sune abubuwa masu mahimmanci na ƙwayoyin sel. Kodayake, tare da tarawa mai yawa, suna samar da babban taro na lipoproteins mai ƙarancin yawa (VLDL) - mafi yawan atherogenic da haɗari na lipoproteins. Consideredimar da ke cikin yankin na 0.5-3.62 mmol / L a cikin maza da 0.42-2 mmol / L a cikin mata ana ɗaukar matsayin al'ada na triglycerides a cikin jini. Sun zo da abinci mai ƙoshin mai a cikin kayan lambu, don haka far, da farko, shine ware waɗannan samfuran abinci.
Kafiri na atherogenic. Daraja ce ta dangi tsakanin hadarin anti-atherogenic da atherogenic, watau, tsakanin kyawawan halaye da mummuna cholesterol. Yana ba ku damar yin hukunci game da hadarin kamfani cholesterol plaque da kuma ci gaban atherosclerosis. Manunin Atherogenicity Index ((Kogin cholesterol - HDL) / HDL. Valueimar a cikin yankin na raka'a 2-3 ana ɗaukar al'ada. A cikin mutane waɗanda ke jagoranci ingantacciyar rayuwa da lura da daidaitaccen tsarin abinci, zai iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa kamar yadda aka saba, wanda yake shi ne na halitta kuma yana nuna ƙarancin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Dabi'u sama da na yau da kullun suna nuna babbar haɗarin ci gaba da cututtukan zuciya.

Don haka, bayan bincika duk waɗannan alamomin, likita zai iya kafa ba kawai ingantaccen ganewar asali ba, amma a mafi yawan lokuta ƙayyade ainihin dalilin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda zai ba da damar gina ingantaccen dabarun magani.

Ina kuma yaya ake ɗaukar gwajin jini don cholesterol

Kuna iya yin shinge da gudanar da gwajin jini don cholesterol a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta. Yana amfani da cikakkiyar ganewar asali game da yanayin jikin ɗan adam tare da tantance alamun alamun carbohydrate, furotin ko metabolism mai. Dangane da bincike, zaku iya kusantar da cikakke game da aikin gabobin ciki. Ya kamata a tuna cewa alamomin cholesterol yawanci suna canzawa gwargwadon shekaru - tsohuwar mutum, mafi girman alamu. Significantan mata na haƙuri suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin tsaka-tsakin yanayi, yanayin maza zai zama sama da na mata. Amma idan mutum ya girmi shekaru 50, al'adar mace ta zama sama da na maza.

Don bincika cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana zana jini daga jijiya. Wannan yana buƙatar kimanin 4.5 ml. Ana amfani da alamar da ya dace don bututun gwaji ya aika don gwaji. Zai fi kyau ba da gudummawar jini daga 8 zuwa 10 hours, a wannan lokacin ne aka lura da ayyukan mafi girma na tsarin kimiyyar halittu.

Yadda ake shiri don gwajin

Bari mu kalli yadda zamu shirya don bayar da gudummawar jini don cholesterol daidai. Shirye-shiryen Nazarin – wannan shine sharadi ga mai haƙuri. Kafin ka ba da gudummawar jinni, mutum yana buƙatar tuntuɓar likitan da yake halarta tare da buƙatar sanarwa a cikin shugabanci don bincika duk cututtukan da ake samu da kuma sunayen magunguna da aka karɓa lokacin magani. Furtherari, don samun alamun da ke daidai, mai haƙuri dole ne ya kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi:

Aƙalla makonni biyu dole ku ci abinci yadda aka saba muku kuma kada ku bi kowane abinci. Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci don samun ingantaccen bayani game da abun da ke cikin jini.
Da safe kafin nazarin, babu abin da za a iya ci, ruwa ne kaɗai ba a yarda da shi ba.
Abincin da yakamata ya kasance bai wuce sa'o'i 10 - 12 kafin samin jini ba. Mafi kyawun lokacin abincin dare shine 18 - 19 hours.
Ranar da za a gudanar da bincike, ba za ku iya shan giya ba.
Zai fi kyau mu guji shan taba, aƙalla tsawon awa ɗaya.
Kafin bayar da gudummawar jini don cholesterol, kuna buƙatar zama a hankali da kwanciyar hankali na fewan mintuna.
Idan an wajabta mai haƙuri wani gwajin likita kamar su duban dan tayi, MRI ko X-ray a wannan rana, to zai fi kyau a gudanar da su bayan gwajin jini.

Abin da yanke shawara ke nunawa

Yanzu bari mu bincika abin da binciken gaba daya na nazarin halittu ke nuna mana da kuma yadda aka nuna cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini. Lokacin gudanar da gwajin jini na kwayoyin, kawai jimlar cholesterol za'a iya tantancewa. A matsakaici, mai nuna alama ga tsoho da lafiyayyen mutum zai zama kusan a cikin yankin na 3.2 - 5.6 mmol / l. Sanarwar cholesterol a cikin binciken kwayoyin halittar jini yana gudana ne ta haruffa XC.Duk da cewa cholesterol yana da iri, a cikin wannan binciken ne kawai aka nuna duka abubuwanda ke ciki.

Idan mai nuna alama ya wuce al'ada, wannan na iya nuna kasancewar cututtukan masu zuwa: atherosclerosis, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan koda, kiba, ciwon sukari, barasa, da dai sauransu Alamar cholesterol da ke ƙasa ƙirar alama ta cututtukan nau'ikan: matsananciyar rashin lafiya, kamuwa da cuta, cututtukan bargo da da sauransu

Kada ku yi mamakin cewa a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban sakamakon zai dan banbanta, amma a kowane hali, idan manuniyar cholesterol ta zarce halal din na 5.6 mmol / L., Ana yin ƙarin cikakken binciken, wanda ake kira lipogram, ana buƙatar.

Idan a cikin binciken gabaɗaya zamu ga babban jigon kwayar cholesterol, to a lokacin lipogram ɗin zamu ga cikkokinsa, triglycerides da index ko coefficient na atherogenicity. Waɗannan bayanan za su ba wa likita damar ƙarin tantance ƙimar kamuwa da cutar atherosclerosis. Ationirƙirar cholesterol a cikin cikakken gwajin ƙwayoyin halittar jini zai yi kama da wannan:

α-cholesterol yana nuna matakin HDL, wanda ke nuna kasancewar ƙwayar lipoproteins, abin da ake kira babban yawan lipoproteins mai yawa. Suna da alaƙa da cholesterol, wanda ke taimaka wajan yaƙi da ƙwayoyin atherosclerotic.
β-cholesterol yana nuna LDL, wato “mara kyau” cholesterol.
KA - atherogenic coefficient, yana nuna rabo na "mai kyau" da "mummunan" cholesterol.
Tare da nuna alama a ƙasa 3, babu adibas din atherosclerotic, kuma a nan gaba ba za su bayyana ba.
Mai nuna alama sama da 5 yana nuna cewa atherosclerosis ya riga ya shafi tasoshin, kuma cutar tana ci gaba.

Bayyana bincike

Wasu cututtuka suna buƙatar saka idanu akai-akai game da matakan cholesterol a cikin jini. Wadannan abubuwan sun hada da:

kasancewar atherosclerosis,
daban-daban na cututtukan zuciya,
shekaru fiye da shekaru 60.

Don waɗannan dalilai, marasa lafiya yawanci suna amfani da na'urori don bayyanar cututtuka. Ana sayar da masu nazarin a cikin magunguna. Wannan devicearamar ne na'urar baturi. Kit ɗin wannan na'urar mai ɗaukar hoto ta haɗa da matakan gwaji, wanda, da rashin alheri, tare da ƙarin sayan suna da babban farashi mai kyau. Wannan bangare shine babban rashi na wannan na'urar.

Binciken Express yana da sauqi. Wannan zai buƙaci digo na jini kawai da aka ɗauka daga farji akan yatsan zobe. Bayan minti uku, za a iya ganin sakamakon gwajin akan allon nazari. Babban ƙari na irin waɗannan na'urori shine cewa bayanan ma'aunin da suka gabata zai kasance cikin ƙwaƙwalwar na'urar na dogon lokaci. Shiri don ɗaukar gwaje-gwaje ta wannan hanyar babu bambanci da shiri don samin jini a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.