Menene insulin > Insulin

Giovanni Battista Belzoni (Italiyanci: Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Nuwamba 15, 1778, Padua - 3 ga Disamba, 1823, Gato, yanzu Ugoton, Edo, Nigeria) - baƙi Italiyanci kuma ɗan kasada wanda shine asalin ƙirƙirar manyan tarin fasahar Masar a Yammacin Turai. Duk da cewa shi ba masanin kimiyya ba ne, Dictionaryamus na Kundin Tarihi na Tarihi ya ba da sunansa a cikin masu binciken al'adun mutanen Masar na da. Sakamakon girman haɓaka da ƙarfin jikinta, an kuma santa da Babban Belzoni.

A cikin 1816, Henry Salt ya ɗauki hayar Belzoni don ɗaukar babban mutum-mutumi daga Luxor. Hawan Kogin Nilu ne a shekarar 1817, ya fara bude gidan ibadun Abu Simbel. A hanya, ya sadu da maharan kabari daga Kurna da Karnak, kuma ya sami damar samar da mutum-mutumi da dama, tasoshin, papyri da sauran kayan wuta. A cikin kwarin Sarakuna, Belzoni ya buɗe kaburburan Seti I da Eye. A shekarar 1818, a karon farko tun a lokacin tsakiyar duniya, ya ziyarci dakin binne gawa na dala na Chefren. A shekara ta 1819, Belzoni ya ziyarci Bahar Maliya da kuma a cikin hamada ta hamada. Sakamakon rikici da Bernardino, Drovetti Belzoni tare da matar sa ta Turanci aka tilasta masa barin Masar. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya tattara, Belzoni ya shirya babban nunin fasahar tsohuwar Masar a Landan a cikin Mayu 1821. A cikin 1822, ya kuma ziyarci Rasha da Denmark, kuma a Faransa ya hada gwiwa tare da matashin Champollion. A shekara ta 1823, Belzoni ya tafi Timbuktu kuma yaci gaba - don gano asalin kogin Neja, amma ya mutu sakamakon matsanancin rashin nasara, bai cimma buri ba.

Phytotelmates

Phytotelmates (daga wasu Girkanci. φῠτόν - "shuka" + τέλμα, ατός - "ruwa mai tsayawa", "fadama") - ƙananan ramuka waɗanda aka kafa a cikin ganyayyaki da furanni na tsirrai ko rami na bishiyoyi. Masanin ilmin halitta na kasar Jamus Ludwig Varga ya ba da sunan wannan nau'in yanayin.

Za'a iya samun Phytotelmatites a cikin wasu yankuna na halitta daban daban daga gandun daji na Equatorial zuwa Yankin Subarctic. Phytotelmatites an kafa su ta hanyar nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 1500 daban-daban daga iyalai 26. Dangane da haɗin tsarin da gabobin tsire-tsire waɗanda aka sanya su, an bambanta ƙungiyoyi na phythelmatitis. Abubuwan da ke tattare da nau'in halittar mazaunan wadannan tsirrai sun dogara da dalilai daban-daban: girman ruwa, matakin haske, maida hankali ne kan abubuwan gina jiki (galibi nitrogen), da sauransu A yawancin kungiyoyin halittu masu rai wadanda ke zaune da phythelmatites, akwai wasu nau'in halittun da basu samu ba a cikin sauran nau'ikan yanayin halittun ruwa na ruwa. Dangane da bayanan burbushin halittu, yanayin halittun phytotelmatites an riga an kafa su a cikin Eocene, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da samuwar kwayoyin halittar ruwa a cikin amber.

Hormone insulin

Darajar kirkirar ayyukan farko wanda ya sanya hanyar gano sinadarin nasa ne ga masanin kimiyyar Rasha Leonid Sobolev, wanda a cikin 1900 ya gabatar da shawarar amfani da fitsarin don samo magungunan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan kuma ya ba da ma'anar menene insulin. Fiye da shekaru 20 aka kashe a kan ƙarin bincike, kuma bayan 1923 masana'antar insulin masana'antu suka fara. A yau, kimiyya tana yin nazari sosai. Yana ɗaukar kashi a cikin rushewar carbohydrates, mai alhakin metabolism da kitse mai.

Wanne kwayoyin ke samar da insulin

Pancreas, inda ake zaune a cikin ƙwayoyin sel-B, waɗanda aka sani da duniyar kimiyya kamar yadda tsibirin Lawrence ko tsibiran da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta, suke aiki a matsayin sashin samar da insulin. Takamaiman aikin sel ya yi kadan kuma ya zama kashi 3% cikin jimlar ƙwayoyin hanji. Samun insulin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin beta suna faruwa, nau'in proinsulin yana ɓoye ta hanyar hormone.

Menene nau'ikan insulin ɗin ba a san shi sosai ba. Kwayar halittar kanta, kafin ta dauki nau'i na karshe, ta shiga cikin ginin sel ɗin Golgi, inda aka ƙosar da ita ga matsayin cikakken hormone. Tsarin ya ƙare lokacin da aka sanya hormone a cikin manya-manyan ƙwayoyin kumburi, inda aka ajiye shi har sai mutum ya ɗauki abinci. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayar halittar B suna iyakance kuma cikin sauri a duk lokacin da mutum ya kazanta abinci mai sauƙin carbohydrate, wanda shine sanadin ciwon sukari.

Menene insulin na hormone - wannan shine mafi mahimmancin ma'aunin metabolic. Idan babu shi, glucose yana shiga jiki ta abinci ba zai iya shiga tantanin ba. Kwayar halittar tana kara girman membranes na sel, sakamakon abin da ake amfani da glucose a cikin jikin kwayar halitta. A lokaci guda, hormone yana inganta juyar da glucose a cikin glycogen, polysaccharide wanda ya ƙunshi samar da makamashi wanda jikin ɗan adam yake amfani dashi kamar yadda ya cancanta.

Ayyukan insulin sun bambanta. Yana ba da aikin ƙwayar ƙwayar tsoka, yana tasiri aiwatar da furotin da metabolism na mai. Kwayar halittar tana aiki da mai ba da labari game da kwakwalwa, wanda, bisa ga masu karɓa, ya ƙayyade buƙatar carbohydrates mai sauri: idan akwai yalwa da yawa, ƙwaƙwalwar ta ƙarasa da cewa ƙwayoyin suna cikin matsananciyar yunwa kuma dole ne a ƙirƙiri halittar. Tasirin insulin akan jiki:

Yana hana mahimmancin amino acid zuwa kashi mai sauki.
Inganta tsarin furotin - kafuwar rayuwa.
Ba ya ƙyale sunadarai a cikin tsokoki su rarrabu, yana hana atrophy tsoka - sakamako na anabolic.
Yana iyakance tarin gawawwakin ketone, wanda yayi yawa wanda yake muni ga mutane.
Promara inganta jigilar potassium da ion magnesium.

Matsayin insulin a cikin jikin mutum

Rashin hormone yana hade da wata cuta da ake kira ciwon sukari. Waɗanda ke fama da wannan cutar ana tilasta su yin allurar insulin a kai a kai cikin jini. Sauran matsanancin shine wuce haddi na hormone, hypoglycemia. Wannan cuta tana haifar da hauhawar hauhawar jini da raguwa a cikin jijiyoyin bugun jini. Theara yawan haɓakar insulin ta hanyar glucagon hormone wanda kwayoyin halittar alpha na cikin tsibirin Langerhans suka samar.

Insulin dogara nama

Insulin yana ƙarfafa samar da furotin a cikin tsokoki, ba tare da abin da ƙwayar tsoka ba ta iya ci gaba. Samuwar ƙwayar adipose, wanda a kullun yana aiwatar da mahimman ayyuka, ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da hormone ba. Marasa lafiya waɗanda suka fara ciwon sukari suna fuskantar ketoacidosis, wani nau'in cuta na rayuwa wanda ya haifar da matsananciyar yunwar ciki.

Jinin insulin na jini

Ayyukan insulin sun haɗa da tallafawa yawan adadin glucose a cikin jini, tsara yadda ma'aunin mai da furotin ke canzawa, canza abubuwan gina jiki zuwa taro. A matakin al'ada, kwayoyin halitta suna faruwa:

Tsarin furotin don ginin tsoka,
Ana daidaita daidaituwar metabolism da catabolism,
yana ƙarfafa haɗin glycogen, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin hali da kuma sabunta ƙwayoyin tsoka,
amino acid, glucose, potassium sun shiga sel.

An auna yawan insulin a cikin µU / ml (0.04082 mg na abun lu'ulu'ai ana ɗauka azaman sashe ɗaya). Mutanen da ke da lafiya suna da alamar da ke daidai da 3-25 ga waɗannan raka'a. Ga yara, an rage raguwa zuwa 3-20 μU / ml. A cikin mata masu juna biyu, ƙa'idar ta bambanta - 6-27 mkU / ml, a cikin tsofaffi fiye da 60 wannan alamar ta 6-35. Canji a cikin al'ada yana nuna kasancewar manyan cututtuka.

Girma

Yawancin lokaci na insulin na yau da kullun yana barazanar da canje-canje na cututtukan cututtukan cuta. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne sakamakon raguwar matakan sukari. Kuna iya fahimtar wuce haddi na yawan insulin ta hanyar alamomi: rawar jiki, sweating, bugun zuciya, hare-haren kwatsam na yunwar, tashin zuciya, fitsari, coma. Manuniya masu zuwa suna tasiri hauhawar matakan hormone:

tsananin aiki,
na kullum damuwa
cututtuka na hanta da alade,
kiba
take hakkin juriya daga kwayoyin zuwa ga carbohydrates,
polycystic ovary,
gazawar ƙwayar gwal,
ciwon daji da kuma cutuka na ƙwanƙwaran ƙwayar cuta.

An saukar da

Rage yawan tattarawar insulin na faruwa ne sakamakon damuwa, matsanancin aiki na jiki, gajiya mai wahala, yawan amfanin yau da kullun na adadin carbohydrates masu ladabi. Rashin insulin ya toshe hanyoyin glucose, yana kara maida hankali. Sakamakon haka, akwai matsananciyar ƙishirwa, damuwa, hare-hare na kwatsam na yunwar, tashin hankali, da yawan kumburin jiki. Sakamakon alamu irin wannan na low da babban insulin, ana yin binciken ne ta hanyar karatu na musamman.

Abin da ake yin insulin don masu ciwon sukari

Batun samar da albarkatun kasa don kirkirar kwayar halittar yana da matukar damuwa ga mutane da yawa. Insulin a jikin mutum yana fitowa ne ta pancreas, kuma ana samun nau'ikan da ke gaba kamar wucin gadi:

Alade ko bovine - asalin dabba. Domin samarwa da dabbobin da aka yi amfani da su. Shirya kayan albarkatun naman alade ya ƙunshi proinsulin, wanda ba za'a iya rarrabe shi ba, ya zama tushen rashin lafiyan halayen.
Biosynthetic ko naman alade da aka gyara - an samo shirin kwastomomi ta hanyar maye gurbin amino acid. Daga cikin fa'idodin akwai jituwa tare da jikin mutum da kuma rashin halayen jiki. Rashin daidaituwa - ƙarancin kayan albarkatun ƙasa, rikitarwa na aiki, babban farashi.
Binciken injiniyan kwayoyin shi - ana kiranta “insulin mutum” ta wata hanyar, saboda gaba daya yayi daidai da sihirin halitta. Ana yin sinadarin ne ta hanyar enzymes na cututtukan yisti da kuma inganta asalinsu na coli.

Umarnin don amfani da insulin

Ayyukan insulin suna da matukar muhimmanci ga jikin ɗan adam. Idan kai mai ciwon sukari ne, to kana da wasika daga likita da kuma takardar sayan magani wanda za'a bayar da maganin kyauta cikin kantin magani ko asibitoci. Game da buƙatar gaggawa ana iya sayan sa ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba, amma dole ne a lura da sashi. Don guje wa yawan shan ruwa, karanta umarnin don amfani da insulin.

Alamu don amfani

Dangane da umarnin da aka lullube a cikin kowane kunshin na shirin insulin, alamun da ake amfani dashi sune nau'in 1 mellitus na sukari (wanda kuma ake kira insulin-depend) kuma, a wasu halaye, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus (wanda ba shi da insulin). Irin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da rashin haƙuri ga ƙwayoyin tsofaffin ƙwayoyin cuta, haɓakar ketosis.

Gudanar da insulin

Likita ya ba da maganin ne bayan gwaji da gwajin jini. Don lura da ciwon sukari amfani da kwayoyi daban-daban durations na aiki: gajere da tsayi. Zabi ya dogara da tsananin cutar, yanayin mai haƙuri, saurin farawa na maganin:

Shirye-shiryen ayyukan gajere an yi su ne don gudanar da subcutaneous, na ciki ko gudanarwa na ciki. Yana da tasiri mai sauri, gajere, rage girman sukari, ana sarrafa shi a mintuna 15-20 kafin abinci sau da yawa / rana. Tasirin yana faruwa a cikin rabin sa'a, matsakaici - a cikin awanni biyu, kawai kimanin awa shida.
Dogaye ko tsawaitawa - yana da tasiri na tsawon awanni 10-36, na iya rage yawan allurar yau da kullun. Ana dakatar da dakatarwar cikin intramuscularly ko subcutaneously, amma ba a ciki ba.

Ana amfani da sirinji don sauƙaƙe ƙaddamar da yardawar sashi. Raba ɗaya tayi daidai da takamaiman adadin raka'a. Dokokin insulin far:

ci gaba da shirye-shirye a cikin firiji, kuma waɗanda aka fara a zazzabi a ɗakin, suna daɗaɗa samfurin kafin shigar su, saboda mai sanyi yana da rauni,
Zai fi kyau a allurar da wani gajeran lokacin aiki a ƙarƙashin fata na ciki - a allura a cinya ko sama da buttock yana aiki a hankali, har ma da muni - a kafada,
magani mai dadewa yana allura cikin cinya ko hagu,
yi kowane allura a wani yanki daban,
tare da allurar insulin, kama dukkan bangarorin sassan jikin mutum - don haka zaku iya guje wa ciwan ciki da sauran hancin,
baya daga allura ta ƙarshe akalla 2 cm,
kar a magance fata da giya, yana lalata insulin,
idan ruwa ya kwarara, an saka allura da kuskure - kuna buƙatar riƙe ta a wani kusurwa na 45-60 digiri.

Side effects

Tare da gudanar da magunguna na subcutaneous na kwayoyi, haɓakar lipodystrophy a wurin allurar yana yiwuwa. Da wuya, amma akwai alamun rashin lafiyan halayen. Idan sun faru, ana buƙatar maganin alamu da wakili mai sauyawa. Contraindications don shigowa sune:

m hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, pancreatitis,
nephritis, urolithiasis,
decompensated zuciya lahani.

Farashin insulin

Kudin insulin ya dogara da nau'in masana'anta, nau'in magani (nau'in gajeren lokaci / tsawon lokacin aiki, abincin dabbobi) da kuma girman marufi. Farashin 50 ml na insulinum na miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kai kusan rubles 150 a cikin Moscow da St. Petersburg. Insuman tare da alkalami na syringe - 1200, dakatarwar Protafan yana da farashin kusan 930 rubles. Matsayin kantin har ila yau yana shafar yawan kuɗin insulin.

Insulin shine ...

Menene insulin daga matsayin likita? Wannan wani nau'in halitta ne na furotin wanda yake yin muhimmiyar mahimman ayyuka a jiki. A cikin jijiyar ciki, ba zai iya shiga daga waje ba, tunda za ta narke, kamar sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Ana samar da karamin insulin asala (basal) yau da kullun ta hanji. Bayan cin abinci, jikin yana samarwa da adadin da jikinmu yake buƙata ya narke furotin mai shigowa, fitsari da carbohydrates. Bari muyi tunani kan menene tasirin insulin a jiki.

Aikin insulin

Insulin yana da alhakin kiyayewa da kuma sarrafa metabolism metabolism. Wannan shine, wannan hormone yana da hadaddun sakamako mai dumbin yawa akan dukkan tsokawar jikin mutum, saboda yawan tasirinsa akan tasirin enzymes da yawa.

Ofaya daga cikin manyan kuma sanannun ayyuka na wannan hormone shine daidaita matakan glucose jini. Jiki yana buƙatar shi koyaushe, saboda yana nufin abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ake buƙata don haɓaka da haɓaka sel. Insulin ya rushe shi zuwa abu mafi sauki, yana ba da gudummawa ga sha a cikin jini. Idan cutar kansa ba ta samar da isasshen yawa ba, glucose ba ta ciyar da sel, amma tana tarawa cikin jini. Wannan an cika shi da karuwa a cikin sukari na jini (hyperglycemia), wanda ke tattare da mummunan sakamako.

Hakanan, tare da taimakon insulin, ana ɗaukar amino acid da potassium.
Mutane kalilan ne suka san kaddarorin anabolic na insulin, har ma suka fi ƙarfin tasirin steroid (ƙarshen, duk da haka, yana aiki da zaɓe).

Iri insulin

Rarrabe nau'in insulin ta asali da aiki.

Yin aiki da sauri yana da tasiri a jiki. Wannan nau'in insulin yana fara aikinsa kai tsaye bayan gudanarwa, kuma mafi girmansa ya kai ga 1-1.5. Yawan aiki shine awa 3-4. Shigar dashi kai tsaye kafin ko abinci. Shirye-shirye tare da irin wannan sakamako sun hada da Novo-Rapid, Insulin Apidra da Insulin Humalog.

Short insulin yana da tasiri cikin minti 20-30 bayan aikace-aikace. Bayan sa'o'i 2-3, maida hankali kan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jini ya kai matakin ƙarshe. Jimlar kusan 5-6 hours. Ana yin allurar 15-20 mintuna kafin cin abinci. A lokaci guda, kimanin sa'o'i 2-3 bayan gudanarwar insulin, an bada shawarar yin "abun ciye-ciye". Lokacin cin abincin ya kamata ya zo daidai da lokacin mafi girman tasirin maganin. Magungunan gajere - shirye-shirye "Humulin Regulia", "Insulin Actrapid", "Monodar Humodar".

Motsa jiki na matsakaici-lokaci yana shafar jiki sosai - daga 12 zuwa 16 awanni. Wajibi ne a yi allura sau 2-3 a rana, sau da yawa tare da tazara daga 8-12 hours, tun da ba su fara aikin su kai tsaye ba, amma sa'o'i 2-3 bayan gudanarwa. Matsakaicin tasirin su ya samu ne bayan sa'oin 6-8. Insulins Matsakaici - Protafan (insulin mutum), Humudar BR, Insulin Novomiks.

Kuma a ƙarshe, insulin aiki na tsawon lokaci, mafi girman taro wanda aka samu kwanaki 2-3 bayan gudanarwa, duk da cewa ya fara aiki bayan sa'o'i 4-6. Aiwatar da shi sau 1-2 a rana. Waɗannan magunguna ne irin su Insulin Lantus, Monodar Long, da Ultralent. Hakanan wannan rukunin na iya haɗawa da abin da ake kira 'insakless' insulin. Menene wannan Wannan insulin ne, wanda bashi da tasirin magana, yana aiki a hankali kuma ba tare da jinkiri ba, saboda haka, a zahiri yana maye gurbin “asalin” wanda fitsari ke samarwa.

Iri na insulin

Jinin ɗan adam - kwatankwacin kwatancen hormone ne wanda ƙwaƙwalwar mu ke haifarwa. Wannan insulin da injiniyanta '' yan 'uwanta' ana daukar su sama da sauran nau'ikan insulin na dabbobi.

Kwayar alade tayi kama da wanda ke sama, banda amino acid ɗaya a cikin abun da aka haɓaka. Zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen.

Insulin dabbobin shine mafi kamanni da ɗan adam. Yana haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki sau da yawa, saboda yana dauke da sinadarin protein a cikin jikin mu. Matsayin insulin a cikin jini a cikin mutum mai lafiya yana da iyakoki masu ƙaranci. Bari mu bincika su daki daki.

Menene yakamata ya zama matakin insulin cikin jini?

A matsakaici, a cikin mutum mai lafiya, ƙimar insulin a cikin jini akan komai a ciki ya bambanta daga 2 zuwa 28 mcED / mol. A cikin yara, yana da ɗan ƙarami - daga raka'a 3 zuwa 20, kuma a cikin mata masu juna biyu, akasin haka, mafi girma - ƙa'idar ta kasance daga 6 zuwa 27 mcED / mol. Game da karkatar da insulin mara kyau daga al'ada (matakin insulin a cikin jini ya karu ko ya ragu), ana ba da shawarar kula da tsarin abincinku da salon rayuwar ku.

Hormone na jini

Insara yawan insulin ya ƙunshi asarar kusan dukkanin halayenta masu inganci, waɗanda ke cutar da lafiyar lafiyar ƙasa. Yana ƙaruwa da hawan jini, yana haɓaka kiba (saboda gurɓataccen glucose a cikin ƙasa), yana da tasirin sakamako yana haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar siga. Idan kun haɓaka insulin, ya kamata ku kula da abincinku, kuna ƙoƙarin cinye yawancin abincin da zai yiwu tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙarancin kayan masarufi (samfuran-mai-ƙara mai-madara, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano, burodin burodi).

Insulin da ciwon sukari

Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan guda biyu - 1 da 2. Na farko yana nufin cututtukan cututtukan cikin al'umma kuma ana saninsa da halakar hankali na ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic. Idan suka kasance kasa da kashi 20%, jiki zai daina jurewa, kuma canzawar magani ya zama dole. Amma lokacin da tsibirin suka fi 20%, watakila ba ma lura da wasu canje-canje a lafiyar ku. Sau da yawa, ana amfani da insulin gajere da ultrashort a cikin jiyya, har ma da bango (tsawaita).

Na biyu nau'in ciwon suga an samo shi. Kwayoyin Beta tare da wannan aikin ganowar "a cikin lamiri mai kyau", duk da haka, aikin insulin ya lalace - ba zai iya sake yin ayyukansa ba, sakamakon wanda sukari ya sake tarawa cikin jini kuma yana iya haifar da rikice-rikice, har zuwa munanan ƙwayoyin cuta. Don maganin ta, ana amfani da magunguna waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen dawo da aikin hormone ɗin da ya ɓace.

Injections na insulin suna da matukar mahimmanci ga marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari na farkon nau'in, amma masu ciwon sukari na 2 suna yawan kashe magunguna na dogon lokaci (shekaru har ma da shekarun da suka gabata). Gaskiya ne, tsawon lokaci, har yanzu kuna "zauna" akan insulin.

Harkokin insulin yana taimakawa kawar da rikice-rikicen da ke haɓaka yayin yin watsi da buƙatun jiki game da shi daga waje, kuma yana taimakawa rage nauyin a kan koda kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga sake dawo da ɓangaren ƙwayoyin beta.

An yi imanin cewa fara maganin insulin, ba zai yiwu a sake komawa magunguna ba (allunan). Koyaya, dole ne a yarda, yana da kyau a fara insulin da wuri idan ya cancanta, fiye da ƙin yarda da shi - a wannan yanayin, ba za a iya kawar da rikice-rikice ba. Likitoci sun ce akwai damar a nan gaba su daina allura don kamuwa da cututtukan type 2 idan aka fara maganin insulin akan lokaci. Sabili da haka, a hankali kula da lafiyarku, kar ku manta da ku bi abin da ake ci - waɗannan abubuwa ne masu haɓaka don kyautatawa. Ka tuna cewa ciwon sukari ba magana ba ce, amma hanya ce ta rayuwa.

Sabuwar bincike

Masana kimiyya suna ci gaba da matsa lamba don neman sauƙaƙa hanyar da za su sauƙaƙa rayuwar mutane masu ciwon sukari. A cikin 2015, Amurka ta gabatar da sabon ci gaba - na'urar inhalation na insulin wanda zai maye gurbin sirinji, wanda zai sauƙaƙa rayuwa ga masu ciwon sukari. An riga an sami wannan na'urar a Pharmacy a Amurka ta takardar sayan magani.

A wannan shekarar (da sake a cikin Amurka) an gabatar da abin da ake kira "smart insulin", wanda aka gabatar dashi cikin jiki sau daya a rana, yana kunna kansa idan ya cancanta. Duk da cewa ya zuwa yanzu an gwada ta ne kawai akan dabbobi kuma ba a gwada ta ba a jikin mutane, a bayyane yake cewa masana kimiyya sun yi bincike mai mahimmanci a farkon shekarar 2015. Mu yi fatan cewa nan gaba za su faranta wa masu ciwon sukari kyawun binciken.