Halayen shirye-shiryen insulin > Jiyya da rigakafin

Insulin wani takamammen magani ne na rage sukari, yana da ikon daidaita tsarin metabolism, yana inganta tasirin glucose ta kyallen kuma yana inganta jujjuyawar shi zuwa glycogen, kuma yana sauƙaƙe shigar da glucose cikin ƙwayoyin nama.

Baya ga tasirin hypoglycemic (rage girman sukari na jini), insulin yana da wasu sauran tasirin: yana ƙara ɗakunan glycogen tsoka, yana haɓaka ƙirar peptide, rage yawan furotin, da dai sauransu.

Fitar insulin yana tattare da motsawa ko hanawa (hanawa) na wasu enzymes, glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase suna zuga, lipase yana kunna kitse na adipose nama, lipoprotein lipase, rage yawan hadarin jini bayan abinci mai cike da mai, ana hana shi.

Matsayin biosynthesis da ɓoye (ɓoye) na insulin ya dogara da tattarawar glucose a cikin jini. Tare da haɓaka abubuwan da ke ciki, ƙwayar insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta kara ƙaruwa, akasin haka, raguwa a cikin taro na glucose a cikin jini yana rage jinkirin insulin.

Insulin shine ainihin takamaiman magani don ciwon sukari mellitus, saboda yana rage hyperglycemia (haɓakar glucose jini) da glycosuria (kasancewar sukari a cikin fitsari), yana sake cika ma'aunin glycogen a cikin hanta da tsokoki, rage haɓakar glucose, kuma yana rage yawan ciwon sukari (gaban mai a cikin jini) yana inganta yanayin mai haƙuri.

An samo insulin don amfanin likita daga cututtukan shanu da aladu. Akwai wata hanyar sunadarai na insulin, amma ba ta da yawa. Hannun hanyoyin samar da ilimin halittu na kwanan nan don samar da insulin mutum. Insulin da aka samu ta injiniyan kwayoyin shi cikakke yayi daidai da jerin amino acid na insulin mutane.

A cikin yanayin inda aka samo insulin daga cututtukan dabbobi, abubuwa da yawa masu rauni (proinsulin, glucagon, statin kai, sunadarai, polypeptides, da dai sauransu) na iya kasancewa a cikin shirye-shiryen saboda karancin tsarkakewa. Rashin ingantaccen shirin insulin na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa iri iri.

Hanyoyin zamani suna ba da damar samun tsarkakakke (monopic - chromatographically tsarkakakke tare da sakin wani "ganiya" na insulin), tsarkakakke (monocomponent) da kuma shirye-shiryen insulin mai narkewa. A halin yanzu, ana ƙara yin amfani da insulin na ɗan adam. Daga shirye-shiryen insulin na asalin dabba, an zaɓi fifiko ga insulin wanda aka samo daga cututtukan aladu.

An ƙaddara aikin insulin ta hanyar halitta (ta ikon rage ƙananan glucose jini a cikin zomaye masu lafiya) da kuma ɗayan hanyoyin nazarin halittar jiki (electrophoresis akan takarda ko chromatography akan takarda). Don yanki ɗaya na aikin (UNIT), ko naúrar ƙasa (IE), ɗauki aikin 0.04082 mg na insulin ruwan kwalliya.

Tasirin Aikace-aikacen:

A cikin lura da ciwon sukari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen insulin na durations daban-daban na aiki (duba ƙasa).

Hakanan ana amfani da insulin na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin wasu sauran hanyoyin cututtukan: don haifar da yanayin hypoglycemic (saukar da sukari na jini) a wasu nau'ikan schizophrenia, azaman anabolic (haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar furotin) magani tare da ƙoshin abinci, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, furunlera (kumburi da yawa na fata) , thyrotoxicosis (cututtukan thyroid), tare da cututtuka na ciki (atony / asarar sautin /, gastroptosis / prolapse na ciki /), hepatitis na kullum (kumburi da hanta hanta), nyh siffofin hanta cirrhosis, kazalika da bangaren "polarizing" mafita amfani da su bi m jijiyoyin zuciya insufficiency (mismatch tsakanin cardiac oxygen bukatar da ta ceto).

Zaɓin insulin don lura da ciwon sukari ya dogara da tsananin da halayen cutar, yanayin yanayin mai haƙuri, da saurin farawa da tsawon lokacin sakamako na hypoglycemic na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Babban mahimmancin insulin da kashi shine mafi dacewa ana aiwatar dashi a asibiti (asibiti).

Shirye-shiryen insulin na gajeran lokaci sune mafita don subcutaneous ko gudanarwa na wucin gadi. Idan ya cancanta, ana kuma sarrafa su ta intanet. Suna da tasiri mai saurin rage sukari. Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar dasu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko minti 15 kafin abinci daga ɗayan zuwa sau da yawa a cikin rana. Tasirin bayan allurar subcutaneous yana faruwa ne bayan mintuna 15-20, ya kai matsakaici bayan awanni 2, jimlar aikin bai wuce awa 6. Ana amfani da su ne musamman a asibiti don tsayar da sinadarin insulin da ake buƙata ga mai haƙuri, da kuma a lokuta inda ya zama dole a cimma saurin canje-canje a cikin aikin insulin a cikin jikin mutum - tare da cutar siga mai ciwon sukari da precom (cikakke ko ɓataccen asarar hankali sakamakon haɓakar haɓaka mai yawa na sukari jini)

Baya ga tog 9, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen insulin gajere kuma a matsayin wakili na anabolic kuma an wajabta shi, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin ƙananan allurai (4-8 raka'a 1-2 sau a rana).

Ana samun shirye-shiryen insulin na tsawon lokaci (mai aiki) a cikin siffofin sashi daban-daban tare da durations daban-daban na tasirin sukari (semylong, tsawo, ultralong). Don magunguna daban-daban, tasirin yana gudana daga sa'o'i 10 zuwa 36. Godiya ga waɗannan magungunan, ana iya rage adadin injections na yau da kullun. Ana haifar dasu koyaushe a cikin nau'ikan dakatarwa (dakatar da m barbashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ruwa), ana gudanar da subcutaneously ko intramuscularly, gudanar da jijiya ba a yarda. A cikin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa da yanayin precoatous, ba a amfani da magunguna na tsawan lokaci.

Lokacin zabar shiri insulin, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa tsawon lokacin tasirin rage sukari yayi daidai da lokacin da kuka dauka. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya gudanar da magunguna 2 na tsawan mataki a cikin sirinji ɗaya. Wasu marasa lafiya suna buƙatar ba kawai tsawon lokaci ba, har ma da sauri daidaituwa na matakan glucose na jini. Dole ne su rubanya shirye-shiryen insulin na dogon lokaci da gajere.

Yawanci, ana ba da magunguna masu amfani da dogon lokaci kafin karin kumallo, amma idan ya cancanta, za a iya yin allurar a wasu awanni.

Ana amfani da duk shirye-shiryen insulin a ƙarƙashin yarda da abinci. Ya kamata a ƙaddara ma'anar darajar makamashi rubuta (daga 1700 zuwa 3000 khal) ta nauyin jikin mai haƙuri a lokacin maganin, ta nau'in ayyukan. Don haka, tare da rage cin abinci mai gina jiki da aiki mai ƙarfi na jiki, adadin adadin kuzari da ake buƙata kowace rana ga mai haƙuri ya zama aƙalla 3000, tare da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma yanayin rayuwa, bai kamata ya wuce 2000 ba.

Roaddamar da allurai masu yawa, da kuma rashin carbohydrates tare da abinci, na iya haifar da yanayin hypoglycemic (saukar da sukari na jini), tare da jin haushi, rauni, gumi, rawar jiki, ciwon kai, tsananin farin ciki, bugun zuciya, rashin lafiyar jiki (rashin yanayin motsa jiki) ko tashin hankali . Bayan haka, cutar sikila tana iya haɓaka (asarar hankali, halin cikakken rashin halayen jiki ga ƙwarin waje sakamakon raguwar sukari cikin jini) tare da asarar hankali, tashin zuciya, da hauhawar aiki a cikin aikin zuciya. Don hana hypoglycemic jihar, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar sha shayi mai dadi ko cin eatan guda kaɗan na sukari.

Tare da hauhawar jini na hypoglycemic (hade da rage yawan sukari na jini), ana shigar da maganin glucose 40% a cikin jijiya a cikin adadin 10-40 ml, wani lokacin har zuwa 100 ml, amma ba ƙari ba.

Ana iya aiwatar da gyaran hypoglycemia (saukar da sukari na jini) a cikin mummunar hanyar amfani da intramuscular ko subcutaneous management na glucagon.

Mukuwa:

Tare da gudanar da aikin insulin na shirye-shiryen insulin, lipodystrophy (raguwa a cikin adadin adipose nama a cikin ƙwayar subcutaneous) na iya faruwa a wurin allurar.

Shirye-shiryen insulin na zamani da aka saba dasu kwata-kwata ba sa haifar da farji, kodayake, irin waɗannan halayen ba a cire su. Haɓaka mummunan amsawar rashin lafiyar yana buƙatar desensitizing nan da nan (hana ko hana halayen rashin lafiyan) farjin magani da maye gurbinsu.

Yarjejeniyar:

Contraindications zuwa ga yin amfani da insulin sune cututtukan da ke faruwa tare da hypoglycemia, hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice (yellowing na fata da mucous membranes na girare wanda ke lalacewa ta hanyar rushewar ƙwayoyin sel ja), cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata (kumburi da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta), cututtukan ƙwayar jijiya (kumburi da koda) cututtukan koda wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta / amyloid metabolism), urolithiasis, ciki da cututtukan duodenal, lahani na zuciya (lalata zuciya saboda rashin zuciya cututtuka na bawuloli).

Ana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan wajen lura da marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari, masu fama da ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta (rashin daidaituwa tsakanin buƙatar zuciyar oxygen da isar da ita) da kwakwalwa mai rauni | jini. Tsanaki wajibi ne lokacin da ake ji insulin! a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan thyroid, cutar ta Addison (isasshen aikin adrenal), gazawar renal.

Ya kamata a kula da lafiyar insulin ciki wanda ya kamata a sa ido sosai>. A lokacin farko-farko na ciki, bukatar insulin yawanci yakan dan ragu kadan kuma yana ƙaruwa cikin na biyu da na uku.

Alfa-adrenergic blockers da beta-adrenostimulants, tetracyclines, salicylates suna ƙara ɓoyewar ƙwayar endogenous (excretion na sashin jikin) insulin. Diupetics na Thiazide (diuretics), beta-blockers, barasa na iya haifar da hypoglycemia.

Yanayin ajiya:

Adana a zazzabi daga +2 zuwa + 10 * C. Ba a yarda daskarewa da kwayoyi ba.

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1 ml na bayani ko dakatarwa yawanci ya ƙunshi raka'a 40.

Ya danganta da tushen samar da kayan, ana keɓe insulin daga cututtukan dabbobi kuma ana yin shi ta amfani da hanyoyin injin. Dangane da matsayin tsabtacewa, shirye-shiryen insulin daga kyallen dabba ya kasu zuwa monopic (MP) da monocomponent (MK). A halin yanzu an samo su daga ƙwan alade, ƙari ga wannan kuma ana musanta musu da harafin C (SMP - alade naman alade, SMK - naman alade naman alade), shanu - wasiƙar G (naman sa: GMP - naman sa na naman sa, GMK - naman sa mai nama). An nuna shirye-shiryen insulin na mutum ta hanyar wasika C.

Ya danganta da tsawon lokacin aikin, insulins sun kasu kashi biyu:

a) shirye-shiryen insulin gajeran aiki: farawa aiki bayan mintuna 15-30, mafi girman aiki bayan sa'o'i 1 / 2-2, jimlar aiki na awa 4-6,

b) Shirye-shiryen insulin tsawon lokaci sun hada da magunguna na matsakaici (farawa bayan 1 / 2-2 hours, ganiya bayan 3-12 hours, jimlar tsawon 8-12 hours), magunguna masu aiki da yawa (farawa bayan 4-8 hours, ganiya bayan 8-18 hours, jimlar tsawon 20-30 hours).

Shirye-shirye na irin wannan mataki:

Idan kuna da gogewa wajen tsara wannan magani ga marasa lafiyar ku - raba sakamakon (barin sharhi)! Shin wannan maganin ya taimaka wa mai haƙuri, shin akwai wasu sakamako masu illa da suka faru yayin magani? Kwarewar ku zata kasance mai ban sha'awa ga abokan aiki da kuma marasa lafiya.

Idan aka tsara muku wannan magani kuma kun sha hanyar magani, ku gaya mani idan yana da tasiri (ko yana taimakawa), ko akwai sakamako masu cutarwa, abubuwan da kuke so / ba ku so. Dubban mutane suna neman sake dubawa ta kan layi na magunguna daban-daban. Amma 'yan kaɗan ne suka rage su. Idan kai da kanka ba ku ba da ra'ayi ba akan wannan batun - sauran ba za su karanta ba.

Suna: Insulin

Alamu don amfani:
Babban mahimmancin amfani da insulin shine nau'in I diabetes mellitus (wanda ke dogara da insulin), amma a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi an kuma tsara shi don nau'in ciwon sukari na II wanda ba shi da insulin-insulin.

Aikin magunguna:
Insulin wani takamammen magani ne na rage sukari, yana da ikon daidaita tsarin metabolism, yana inganta tasirin glucose ta kyallen kuma yana inganta jujjuyawar shi zuwa glycogen, kuma yana sauƙaƙe shigar da glucose cikin ƙwayoyin nama.
Baya ga tasirin hypoglycemic (rage girman sukari na jini), insulin yana da wasu sauran tasirin: yana ƙara ɗakunan glycogen tsoka, yana haɓaka ƙirar peptide, rage yawan furotin, da dai sauransu.
Samuwar insulin yana tattare da motsawa ko hanawa (hanawa) na wasu enzymes, glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase suna zuga, lipase yana kunna kitse na adipose, lipoprotein lipase, wanda ke rage “haze” na jini bayan cin abinci mai mai yawa, yana motsawa.
Matsayin biosynthesis da ɓoye (ɓoye) na insulin ya dogara da tattarawar glucose a cikin jini. Tare da haɓaka abubuwan da ke ciki, ƙwayar insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta kara ƙaruwa, akasin haka, raguwa a cikin taro na glucose a cikin jini yana rage jinkirin insulin.
A aiwatar da tasirin insulin, rawar da take takawa ana yin ta ne ta hanyar hulɗa da takamaiman mai karɓa wanda aka keɓance shi a cikin ƙwayoyin plasma na tantanin halitta, da samuwar insulin receptor complex. Mai karɓar insulin a hade tare da insulin ya shiga cikin tantanin halitta, inda yake shafar haɓakar sinadaran salula, ba a cika fahimtar abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin ciki ba.
Insulin shine ainihin takamaiman magani don ciwon sukari mellitus, saboda yana rage hyperglycemia (haɓakar glucose jini) da glycosuria (kasancewar sukari a cikin fitsari), yana sake cika ma'aunin glycogen a cikin hanta da tsokoki, rage haɓakar glucose, kuma yana rage yawan ciwon sukari (gaban mai a cikin jini) , yana inganta yanayin janar na haƙuri.
An samo insulin don amfanin likita daga cututtukan shanu da aladu. Akwai wata hanyar sunadarai na insulin, amma ba ta da yawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ci gaba da kirkirar hanyoyin samar da ilimin halittu don samar da insulin na mutum. Insulin da aka samu ta injiniyan kwayoyin shi ya cika daidai da jerin amino acid na insulin mutane.
A cikin yanayin inda aka samo insulin daga cututtukan dabbobi, abubuwa da yawa na rashin ƙarfi (proinsulin, glucagon, steatin kai, sunadarai, polypeptides, da sauransu) na iya kasancewa a cikin samfurin saboda isasshen tsarkakewa. Abubuwan insulin marasa ƙarfi na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa da yawa.
Hanyoyin zamani suna ba da damar samun tsarkakakke (monopic - chromatographically tsarkakakke tare da sakin "mafi" ƙarancin insulin), tsarkakakke (monocomponent) da samfuran insulin. A halin yanzu, ana ƙara yin amfani da insulin na ɗan adam. Daga samfuran insulin na dabba, ana fifita shi ga insulin wanda aka samo daga cututtukan aladu.
An ƙaddara aikin insulin ta hanyar halitta (ta ikon rage ƙananan glucose jini a cikin zomaye masu lafiya) da kuma ɗayan hanyoyin nazarin halittar jiki (electrophoresis akan takarda ko chromatography akan takarda). Don yanki ɗaya na aikin (UNIT), ko naúrar ƙasa (IE), ɗauki aikin 0.04082 mg na insulin ruwan kwalliya.

Sashin insulin da Gudanarwa:
A cikin lura da ciwon sukari, ana amfani da samfuran insulin na durations daban-daban na aiki (duba ƙasa).
Hakanan ana amfani da insulin na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin wasu hanyoyin aiwatar da cututtukan: don haifar da yanayin hypoglycemic (saukar da sukari jini) a wasu nau'ikan schizophrenia, azaman anabolic (haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar furotin) magani tare da ƙoshin gaba ɗaya, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cututtukan fata da yawa (kumburi fata mai yawa) ), thyrotoxicosis (cututtukan thyroid), tare da cututtuka na ciki (atony / asarar sautin /, gastroptosis / prolapse na ciki /), hepatitis na kullum (kumburi da hanta hanta), lax siffofin hanta cirrhosis, harma da hadewar "polarizing" mafita wanda akayi amfani dashi don magance rashin wadataccen bugun zuciya (rashin daidaituwa tsakanin bukatar oxygen na zuciya da isar dashi).
Zaɓin insulin don lura da ciwon sukari ya dogara da tsananin da halayen cutar, yanayin yanayin mai haƙuri, da saurin farawa da tsawon lokacin sakamako na rage yawan sukari. Babban mahimmancin insulin da kashi shine mafi dacewa ana aiwatar dashi a asibiti (asibiti).
Shirye-shiryen insulin na gajeran lokaci sune mafita don subcutaneous ko gudanarwa na wucin gadi. Idan ya cancanta, ana kuma sarrafa su ta intanet. Suna da tasiri mai saurin rage sukari. Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar dasu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko a minti na 15 kafin abinci daga ɗayan zuwa sau da yawa a cikin kullun. Tasirin bayan allurar subcutaneous yana faruwa ne bayan mintuna 15-20, ya kai matsakaici bayan awanni 2, jimlar aikin bai wuce awa 6. Ana amfani da su ne musamman a asibiti don tsayar da sinadarin insulin da ake buƙata ga mara haƙuri, har ila yau a waɗancan lokuta idan ya zama dole don cin nasara cikin sauri canje-canje a cikin aikin insulin a cikin jikin mutum - tare da cutar siga mai ciwon sukari da precom (cikakke ko ɓataccen asarar hankali sakamakon hauhawar haɓaka ta sukari na kwatsam).
Baya ga tog 9, ana amfani da samfuran insulin gajere a matsayin wakili na anabolic kuma an wajabta shi, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin ƙananan allurai (4-8 raka'a 1-2 sau a kowace rana).
Ana samun shirye-shiryen insulin na tsawon lokaci (mai aiki) a cikin siffofin sashi daban-daban tare da durations daban-daban na tasirin sukari (semylong, tsawo, ultralong). Don samfurori daban-daban, sakamakon yana gudana daga sa'o'i 10 zuwa 36. Godiya ga waɗannan samfuran, ana iya rage adadin injections na yau da kullun. Yawancin lokaci ana haifar su da nau'ikan dakatarwa (daskararru daskarar samfurin a cikin ruwa), ana gudanar da shi kawai subcutaneously ko intramuscularly, ba a yarda da gudanarwar cikin ciki ba. A cikin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa da yanayin precoatous, ba a amfani da samfuran tsawan lokaci.
Lokacin zabar samfurin insulin, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa tsawon lokacin tasirin rage yawan sukari ya yi daidai da lokacin rubutawa. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya ba da samfuran 2 na tsawan mataki a cikin sirinji ɗaya. Wasu marasa lafiya suna buƙatar ba kawai tsawon lokaci ba, har ma da sauri daidaituwa na matakan glucose na jini. Dole ne su rubanya samfuran insulin masu aiki da gajere.
Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da izinin samfurori na tsawon lokaci kafin karin kumallo, amma idan ya cancanta, ana iya ba da allura a wasu lokuta.
Ana amfani da samfuran insulin duka idan an cika buƙatun abinci. Ya kamata a ƙayyade ma'anar darajar makamashi rubuta (daga 1700 zuwa 3000 khal) ta nauyin jikin mai haƙuri a yayin lokacin kulawa, ta nau'in aiki. Don haka, tare da rage cin abinci mai gina jiki da wahala ta jiki, yawan adadin kuzari da ake buƙata kowace rana ga mai haƙuri ya zama aƙalla 3000, tare da wuce gona da iri da yanayin rayuwa, bai kamata ya wuce 2000 ba.
Gabatarwar manyan allurai, da kuma karancin carbohydrates tare da abinci, na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki (rage karfin sukari), tare da jin yunwa, rauni, gumi, rawar jiki, ciwon kai, tsananin farin ciki, bugun zuciya, rashin lafiyar jiki (rashin kyawun yanayi) ko tashin hankali. A cikin maimaituwa na asali na haila na iya haɓaka (asarar hankali, halin cikakken rashin halayen jiki ga ƙwarin waje sakamakon raguwar sukari cikin jini) tare da asarar hankali, rashi da hauhawar aiki a cikin aikin zuciya. Don hana hypoglycemic jihar, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar sha shayi mai dadi ko cin eatan guda kaɗan na sukari.
Tare da hauhawar jini na hypoglycemic (hade da rage yawan sukari na jini), ana shigar da maganin glucose 40% a cikin jijiya a cikin adadin 10-40 ml, wani lokacin har zuwa 100 ml, amma ba ƙari ba.
Ana iya aiwatar da gyaran hypoglycemia (saukar da sukari na jini) a cikin mummunar hanyar amfani da intramuscular ko subcutaneous management na glucagon.

Maganin insulin
Contraindications zuwa ga yin amfani da insulin sune cututtukan da ke faruwa tare da hypoglycemia, hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice (yellowing na fata da mucous membranes na girare wanda ke lalacewa ta hanyar rushewar ƙwayoyin sel ja), cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta (kumburi da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta), cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na hanji (neuropinal (kumburi na koda)) cututtukan koda wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta / amyloid metabolism), urolithiasis, ciki da cututtukan duodenal, lahani na zuciya (lalata zuciya saboda toshewa Levan na bawuloli).
Ana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan wajen lura da marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari, masu fama da rashin isasshen ƙwayar cuta (rashin daidaituwa tsakanin buƙatar iskar oxygen a cikin zuciya da isarwa) da kwakwalwa mai rauni | jini. Tsanaki ya zama dole lokacin amfani da insulin! a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan thyroid, cutar ta Addison (isasshen aikin adrenal), gazawar renal.
Dole ne a gudanar da aikin insulin na ciki> a karkashin kulawa sosai. A lokacin farko-farko na ciki, bukatar insulin yawanci yakan dan ragu kadan kuma yana ƙaruwa cikin na biyu da na uku.
Alfa-adrenergic blockers da beta-adrenostimulants, tetracyclines, salicylates suna ƙara ɓoyewar ƙwayar endogenous (excretion na sashin jikin) insulin. Diupetics na Thiazide (diuretics), beta-blockers, barasa na iya haifar da hypoglycemia.

Insulin sakamako masu illa:
Tare da gudanar da aikin insulin na samfuran insulin, lipodystrophy (raguwa a cikin adadin adipose nama a cikin ƙwayar subcutaneous) na iya faruwa a wurin allurar.
Samfuran insulin na zamani mai tsafta na yau da kullun ba sa haifar da abubuwan rashin daidaituwa, duk da haka, waɗannan lokuta ba a cire su. Haɓaka mummunan amsawar rashin lafiyar yana buƙatar desensitizing nan da nan (hana ko hana halayen rashin lafiyan) farjin magani da sauyawa samfurin.

Sakin saki:
Akwai insuline insuline a cikin | gilashin gilashin hermetically shãfe haske tare da roba Stoppers tare da aluminum gushewa.

Sakonni:
Depo-N-insulin, Isofaninsulin, Iletin I, Insulinatard, Insulin B, Insulin-B SC, Insulin BP, Insulin M, Insulin Actrapid MS, Insulin Actrapid FM, Insulin Actrapid FM Penfill, Insulin Velosulin, Tapeulin Inulin, Insulin Tape, Insulin Tape, Taulin Insulin, Insulin matattarar MK, Insulin monotard, Insulin monotard MK, Insulin monotard NM, Insulin protofan NM penfill, Insulin rapard MK, Insulin semi MS, insulin superlente, Insulin ultlente, Insulin ultlente MS, Insulin ultongardum, Insulinlingleng, Insulinlingleng, Insulinlinglong, Insulong, Insulrap GP , Insulrap R, Insulrap SPP, Insuman basal, Insuman tsegunta, Insuman m, Insuman cikin sauri don optipena, Comb-N-insulin Hoechst, Tape ilethin I, Tape ilethin II, Monosuinsulin, N-Insulin Hoechst, N-Insulin Hoehst 100 Iletin I, NPH Iletin II, Matsayi Iletin I, Regular Iletin II, Suinsulin, Homorap-100, Homofan 100, Humulin L, Humulin Mi, Humulin Mj, Humulin Mz, Humulin M4, Humulin N, Humulin NPH, Humulin R Humulin S, tef Humulin, kullun Humulin, Humulin ultralente.

Yanayin ajiya:
Adana a zazzabi daga +2 zuwa + 10 * C. Ba a yarda daskarewa kayayyakin ba.

Abun cikin insulin:
1 ml na bayani ko dakatarwa yawanci ya ƙunshi raka'a 40.
Ya danganta da tushen samar da kayan, ana keɓe insulin daga cututtukan dabbobi kuma ana yin shi ta amfani da hanyoyin injin. Dangane da matsayin tsabtacewa, shirye-shiryen insulin daga kyallen dabba ya kasu zuwa monopic (MP) da monocomponent (MK). A halin yanzu an samo su daga ƙwan alade, ƙari ga wannan kuma ana musanta musu da harafin C (SMP - alade naman alade, SMK - naman alade naman alade), shanu - wasiƙar G (naman sa: GMP - naman sa na naman sa, GMK - naman sa mai nama). An nuna shirye-shiryen insulin na mutum ta hanyar wasika C.
Ya danganta da tsawon lokacin aikin, insulins sun kasu kashi biyu:
a) samfuran insulin gajere: farawa daga aiki bayan mintuna 15-30, mafi girman aiki bayan sa'o'i 1 / 2-2, jimlar lokacin aikin 4-6 awanni,
b) samfuran insulin na dogon lokaci sun hada da samfuran matsakaici (farawa bayan 1 / 2-2 hours, ganiya bayan 3-12 hours, jimlar tsawon 8-12 hours), samfuran da suka dade suna aiki (farawa bayan sa'o'i 4-8, ganiya bayan 8-18 hours, jimlar tsawon 20-30 hours).

Hankali!
Kafin amfani da maganin, dole ne ka nemi likitanka.
An bayar da umarnin ne kawai don sanin kanka da "".

Babban aikin insulin na hormone ba kawai don rage girman glucose sosai zuwa matakin al'ada ba, har ma don sadar da shi, da sauran abubuwan gina jiki da mutum ya karɓa tare da abinci, ga dukkanin sel na jiki. Mai karɓar insulin wanda ke saman kowane sel kuma aikinsa shine canja wurin abubuwan gina jiki da insulin a ciki yana taimaka wa sel su sha.

Idan mafitsara, inda aka samar da kwayar, ba zai iya jure ayyukan ba kuma ba ya samar da shi daidai gwargwado, mutum ba ya samun kuzari daga abincin da yake ci. Kodayake matakin glucose a cikin jini ya yi yawa, ba a amfani da shi don abin da aka yi niyya, kuma ƙwayoyin da ba a karɓa cikin su sun fara jin yunwar kuma suka mutu bayan ɗan lokaci.

Da farko, wannan yana haifar da mummunan aiki a cikin jiki, sannan ga mutuwa. Shekaru sama da dari da suka wuce, aka kamu da cutar mai ɗauke da cutar sankara. Amma bayan gano insulin, masu ciwon sukari suna da damar jagorantar rayuwa mai kyau, musamman tunda ana samun shirye-shiryen insulin cikin sauki: farashi mai sauki ne kuma ana iya siye shi a kowane kantin magani.

Magungunan ƙungiyar magunguna ba a sanya musu insulin nan da nan ba: suna yin shi ne bayan allunan da ke rage girman glucose ba su da tasiri. Hanyar miyagun ƙwayoyi shine ruwa mai laushi ko launin shuɗi. Samfurin da aka ƙaddara don injections na gida ana samarwa a cikin kwalabe, nau'i na saki shine biyar da milliliters goma. Insulin don amfani da likita shine nau'in saki na farin hygroscopic, foda mai narkewa-foda.

A halin yanzu babu wasu hanyoyin da zasu bi don yin allura, ana yin su ne ta hanyar subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously (kawai tsaka tsaki, insulin gajere ne a cikin ruwa ana allura a ciki). Ana gudanar da allurar ciki da na ciki tare da sirinji na insulin ko allurar insulin. Na'urar tana da tsari mai dacewa, ana gabatar da hormone ta amfani da maɓallin, don haka za'a iya ɗauka tare da kai har ma yaro zai iya yin allura.

Tare da shi, mai ciwon sukari ba zai iya ba da kansa allura kawai ba, har ma yana iya ɗaukar magani daidai. An sake amfani da na'urar, yana aiki ne kawai akan katako na asali, yana da tsada sosai, saboda haka ba kowa ne zai iya wadatar shi ba, musamman idan ka lura cewa masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar irin waɗannan na'urori.

Ba a amfani da insulin a cikin allunan a magani, tunda wannan nau'in sakin baya da irin wannan tasirin akan jiki kamar ƙwanƙwasa ƙwararrun ciki, ƙwayar ciki ko allura. Gaskiya ne, masana kimiyyar suna da'awar cewa sun sami damar haɓaka magunguna don maganin magana wanda ba zai yi aiki ba illa mummunan inje, amma wannan nau'in sakin maganin a cikin gwajin asibiti bai riga ya wuce ba kuma yana kan ci gaba.

Asali

Dangane da rarrabuwa, an bambanta shirye-shiryen insulin ta asali, tsawon lokacin aiki, matakin tsarkakewa. Abubuwan insulin ana yin su ne ta hanyar abubuwan da aka samo daga cututtukan saniya, alade kuma ta hanyar wucin gadi, kasancewa analog na jikin mutum. Insulin naman sa ya bambanta da kwayar halittar mutum a cikin amino acid guda uku, wanda hakan na iya haifar da mummunan halayen halayen mutum da haifar da rikicewar cutar sankara a nan gaba.

Jikin ɗan adam yana ɗaukar insulin alade mafi kyawu: ya bambanta da ƙwayar mutum ta hanyar amino acid guda ɗaya kawai, saboda haka yana da ƙarancin allergenic, kodayake yana dauke da proinsulin da C-peptide impurities waɗanda ke haifar da rashin lafiyar. Saboda haka, musamman ga masu fama da matsalar rashin lafiyan, an tsara shirye-shiryen insulin mai tsafta wanda ke rage yiwuwar faruwar hakan, da kuma alamun kwayar halittar mutum, wacce aka samu godiya ga inginin halittar jini (ana kiransu “insulin ɗan adam”, yana ƙarfafa cikakkiyar asalinsu).

Kwayar kwalabe ta roba bata dauke da sinadarin dake haifar da sinadarin, don haka ya fi dacewa da jikin ta, rashin lafiyan da ake dashi shine da wuya kuma samfurin bashi da maganin cutar.

An samar da wannan kwayar ta hanyar kwayar cuta ta yisti da kuma yadda aka samar da cocin Escherichia coli wanda aka sanya shi a cikin matsakaici na abinci mai gina jiki, wanda zai iya samar da insulin kwayoyin halittar dan adam. Tunda adadin kayan da aka samar yana da yawa, masana kimiyya sun karkatar da tunanin cewa ba da jimawa ba za'a maye gurbin insulin dabbobi.

Lokacin dacewa

Magunguna na ƙungiyar insulin na ƙungiyar insulin sun bambanta a cikin tsawon lokacin aiki: sun kasance gajere, matsakaici da tsayi.Abubuwan samfuri tare da ɗan gajeren aiki (kusan awa shida) ana nuna su da saurin bayyanar gawar: suna fara shafar shi cikin rabin sa'a bayan gudanarwa kuma suna da babban tasiri sa'o'i biyu zuwa uku bayan allurar.

Abubuwan da aka sanya sune azaman magungunan matsakaiciyar tsaka-tsaki a cikin rarrabuwa sun ƙunshi zinc, saboda shine za'a saki hormone a hankali. Sun fara aiki daga baya - bayan sa'o'i biyu, ana iya lura da mafi girman adadin bayan sa'o'i 8-14, sakamakon yana kusan kwana ɗaya.

Haɓaka magunguna na dogon lokaci ya haifar da buƙatar sauƙaƙe marasa lafiya na yawan injections na insulin (kusan sau uku zuwa sau hudu a rana): tun da psyche yana mayar da martani mara kyau ga kowane allura, sabili da haka yana haifar da ciwo. Bugu da kari, bayan maimaita allura a cikin allura, hematomas na iya haifar ko kamuwa da cuta na iya shiga.

A wasu halaye, likitoci suna ba da shawarar haɗa samfuran insulin na matsakaita da gajere. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a sayi magunguna daga masana'anta iri ɗaya a cikin kantin magani, tunda nau'in sakin magunguna daga kamfanoni daban-daban, duk da cewa ba su bambanta ba, allurar ce; a matsayin ɓangaren, ana ƙara abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda ake buƙata don kawar da juna idan aka saya daga masana'antun daban-daban.

akwai shirye-shiryen insulin, tsawon lokacin wanda yake daga sa'o'i 24 zuwa 36. Sun fara shafar jikin sa'o'i biyu bayan shigarwar, tsawon lokacin aiki shine sa'o'i 16-20, sannan ya fara raguwa.

Irin waɗannan magunguna yawanci ana tsara su ga marasa lafiya da ƙarancin kula da insulin, sun dace kuma ga tsofaffi ko waɗanda ke da wahalar hangen nesa waɗanda ba su iya yin allura da kansu kuma sun dogara da zuwa daga mamar. Thearin sakin magungunan da suka dade suna aiki kwalabe 5 da kwalba miliyan 10 tare da maganin rufewar roba.

Kodayake sakamakon tasirin magunguna masu dadewa, na tsawon lokaci, likitoci sun fi son insulins na gajere da na matsakaici. Marasa lafiya suna haƙuri da su da kyau: idan tasirin maganin da aka sarrafa ya fi sa'o'i ashirin da huɗu, da safe za a iya samun matsalar maganin cututtukan jini.

Tsarin Jinkai

Wani irin magani daga rukuni na insulin don ɗauka, kuma a cikin abin da allurai, likita dole ne ya ƙayyade kuma ya ba da takamaiman umarni: alamu a kowane yanayi na mutum ne kuma babu wata hanyar gyara. Dole ne a kula da matakin glucose a cikin jini akai-akai kuma, idan ya cancanta, a gyara.

Idan zamuyi magana game da kwayar halittar da mutum ke da lafiyayyen mutum ke samarwa, to adadinta a kowace rana ya kasance daga raka'a 30 zuwa 40. Dokar guda ɗaya (daga raka'a 30 zuwa 50) ana buƙatar mai ciwon sukari, ba tare da la'akari da asalin insulin ba. A wannan yanayin, 2/3 na al'ada ya kamata a ɗauka da safe, sauran - da yamma. Yin canji daga dabba zuwa insulin na mutum, bisa ga umarni, ana rage koda kashi koyaushe, tunda kwayar halittar da aka kirkira ta sami mafi kyawu ta jiki.

An yi imanin cewa mafi kyawun sakamako za a iya cimmawa ta hanyar haɗa magunguna masu gajerun tsaka-tsaki da na matsakaitan; saboda haka, jadawalin gudanarwar magunguna ya dogara da shi. Daga cikin yawan adadin jiyya, ana aiwatar da abubuwa masu zuwa yanzu:

da safe yayin karin kumallo, ɗauki magani tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki, kazalika da matsakaici tsawon lokaci (yadda za a yi wannan, likita zai gaya). Kafin abincin dare - gajere-gajere, da dare, a 22 ko 23 - shiri mai tsayi,
insulin tare da wani karamin lokaci na aiki, allurar kafin karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare, kafin lokacin kwanciya, a karfe 23 - lokacin insulin na tsawon lokaci ko na matsakaita,
insulin matsakaici ko aiki mai tsayi da sanyin safiya, gajeru - kafin karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare (hanyar ba ta dace da wacce ta gabata ba).

Idan likita ya ba da magani guda ɗaya kawai, ana ba da shawarar magani da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci don a allura sau uku a rana, na matsakaita tsawon lokaci - sau biyu a rana: ya kamata a ba da allura 45 mintuna kafin karin kumallo da kuma abincin dare. Wani batun da bai kamata a manta ba lokacin da yake magana game da amfani da insulin shine cewa insulin tsaka tsaki ana iya allurar ba wai kawai intramuscularly ko subcutaneously ba, har ma a cikin ciki. Magunguna masu dadewa (nau'in sakin 5 da 10 ml) ba a sarrafa su cikin jijiya.

Side effects

Insulin yana da kusan babu contraindications: idan samfurin guda ɗaya bai dace ba, koyaushe za'a iya maye gurbinsa da wani, amma sakamakon illa na iya faruwa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da ciwon sukari don lura da sashi: yawan wuce kai ko rage kashi an haramta shi sosai. Dukansu saboda rashin yawan glucose da wuce haddi, zaku iya fada cikin rashin lafiya kuma ku mutu (bisa ga ƙididdiga, kashi huɗu na marasa lafiya waɗanda shekarunsu ba su kai hamsin suna mutuwa saboda wannan dalili).

Wata matsala ta yau da kullun ita ce rashin lafiyan, wanda zai iya faruwa akan shirye-shiryen insulin na asalin dabbobi. A farkon alamun (bayyanar itching, daɗaɗɗen jin daɗin rayuwa), dole ne ku nemi likita da canzawa zuwa insulin ɗan adam. Yana da kyau a yi irin wannan canjin a asibiti a karkashin kulawar likita, inda zai yiwu a lura da matakin glucose a kai a kai kuma a daidaita sikelin.

Wata amsawar gefen na iya zama atrophy ko hauhawar jini na adipose nama a wurin allurar. Wannan matsalar sau da yawa ita ce amfani da insulin na naman sa kuma yana da wuya lokacin amfani da tsarkakakken ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko insulin ɗan adam. Wannan baya kawo cutarwa da yawa, amma dole ne a canza yankin allura, tunda sharar insulin ya lalace. Wannan ya kamata ne kawai a yi tattaunawa tare da likita, tunda kowane yanki na jiki yana da digogin magani daban.

Insulin shine takamaiman magani na rage sukari. , yana da ikon daidaita tsarin metabolism, inganta haɓaka nama a cikin glucose kuma yana inganta jujjuyawar shi zuwa cikin glycogen, yana kuma sauƙaƙe shigarwar glucose cikin sel.
Baya ga tasirin hypoglycemic (rage girman sukari na jini), insulin yana da wasu sauran tasirin: yana ƙara ɗakunan glycogen tsoka, yana haɓaka ƙirar peptide, rage yawan furotin, da dai sauransu.

Fitar insulin yana tare da motsawa ko hanawa (hanawa) wasu enzymes , glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase suna kara motsawa, lipase yana kunna mayuka na adipose nama, lipoprotein lipase, rage girgije jini bayan abinci mai cike da mai, ana hana shi.
Matsayin biosynthesis da ɓoye (ɓoye) na insulin ya dogara da tattarawar glucose a cikin jini.
Tare da haɓaka abubuwan da ke ciki, ƙwayar insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta kara ƙaruwa, akasin haka, raguwa a cikin taro na glucose a cikin jini yana rage jinkirin insulin.

A aiwatar da tasirin insulin, rawar da take takawa ana yin ta ne ta hanyar hulɗa da takamaiman mai karɓa wanda aka keɓance shi a cikin ƙwayoyin plasma na tantanin halitta, da samuwar insulin receptor complex.
Mai karɓar insulin a haɗe tare da insulin ya shiga cikin tantanin , inda yake shafar ƙirar haɓakar ƙwayoyin salula, ba a fahimtar cikakkiyar halayen shigarwar cikin jiki.
Insulin shine ainihin takamaiman magani don ciwon sukari mellitus, saboda yana rage hyperglycemia (haɓakar glucose na jini) da glycosuria (gaban sukari a cikin fitsari), sake farfado da tasirin glycogen a cikin hanta da tsokoki, rage haɓakar glucose, kuma yana rage yawan ciwon sukari (gaban mai a cikin jini) , yana inganta yanayin mai haƙuri .

An samo insulin don amfanin likita daga cututtukan shanu da aladu . Akwai wata hanyar sunadarai na insulin, amma ba ta da yawa.
Hannun hanyoyin samar da ilimin halittu na kwanan nan don samar da insulin mutum. Insulin da aka samu ta injiniyan kwayoyin shi ya cika daidai da jerin amino acid na insulin mutane.
A cikin yanayin inda aka samo insulin daga cututtukan dabbobi, abubuwa da yawa masu rauni (proinsulin, glucagon, statin kai, sunadarai, polypeptides, da dai sauransu) na iya kasancewa a cikin shirye-shiryen saboda karancin tsarkakewa.
Rashin ingantaccen shirin insulin na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa iri iri.

Hanyoyin zamani suna ba da damar samun tsarkakakke (monopic - chromatographically tsarkakakke tare da sakin wani "ganiya" na insulin), tsarkakakke (monocomponent) da kuma shirye-shiryen insulin mai narkewa.
A halin yanzu, ana ƙara yin amfani da insulin na ɗan adam.
Daga shirye-shiryen insulin na asalin dabba, an zaɓi fifiko ga insulin wanda aka samo daga cututtukan aladu.

Ayyukan insulin an ƙaddara su bisa ga halitta (ta hanyar ikon rage glucose na jini a cikin zomaye masu lafiya) da ɗayan hanyoyin kimiyyar halittar jiki (electrophoresis akan takarda ko ƙwayoyin cuta a kan takarda). Don yanki ɗaya na aikin (UNIT), ko naúrar ƙasa (IE), ɗauki aikin 0.04082 mg na insulin ruwan kwalliya.

Babban mahimmancin amfani da insulin shine nau'in I diabetes mellitus (wanda ke dogara da insulin), amma a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi an kuma tsara shi don nau'in ciwon sukari na II wanda ba shi da insulin-insulin.

A cikin lura da ciwon sukari amfani da insulin shirye-shirye na durations daban-daban na aiki .
Insulin gajeriyar aiki Har ila yau a cikin wasu hanyoyin aiwatar da cututtukan cututtukan fata (haɓaka sukari na jini) a wasu siffofin schizophrenia, azaman anabolic (haɓaka ƙirar furotin) wakili tare da ƙoshin jiki, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, furunlera (cututtukan cututtukan fata da yawa na fata), cututtukan thyrotoxicosis (cututtukan thyroid) gland), a cikin cututtuka na ciki (atony / asarar sautin /, gastroptosis / prolapse na ciki /), hepatitis na kullum (kumburi da hanta nama), farkon siffofin hanta cirrhosis, kazalika bangaren "polarizing" mafita amfani da su bi m jijiyoyin zuciya insufficiency (mismatch tsakanin cardiac oxygen bukatar da ta ceto).

Zaɓin insulin don lura da ciwon sukari ya dogara da tsananin da halayen cutar, yanayin yanayin mai haƙuri, da saurin farawa da tsawon lokacin sakamako na hypoglycemic na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Lokaci na farko na insulin da kuma samar da wani kaso zai fi dacewa da za'ayi a asibiti (asibitoci).

Shirye-shiryen insulin gajere - Waɗannan hanyoyin mafita ne waɗanda aka yi nufin gudanar da aiki a cikin ƙasan wucin-gadi ko gudanarwa na wucin gadi.
Idan ya cancanta, ana kuma sarrafa su ta intanet.
Suna da tasiri mai saurin rage sukari.
Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar dasu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko minti 15 kafin abinci daga ɗayan zuwa sau da yawa a cikin rana.
Tasirin bayan allurar subcutaneous yana faruwa a cikin mintina 15-20, ya kai matsakaici bayan awanni 2, jimlar aikin aikin bai wuce awa 6 ba.
Ana amfani da su musamman a asibiti don saita kashi na insulin wanda ya cancanta ga marassa lafiya, haka kuma yayin da ya zama dole a sami saurin canji a cikin aikin insulin a cikin jiki - tare da cutar sankara mai narkewa da precom (cikakke ko kuma asarar hankali sakamakon kwatankwacin haɓakar ƙwayar jini) .
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen insulin gajere a matsayin wakili na anabolic kuma an wajabta shi, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin ƙananan allurai (raka'a 4-8 sau 1-2 a rana).

Shirye-shiryen insulin na tsawon lokaci (aiki) suna samuwa a cikin nau'ikan sashi daban-daban tare da durations daban-daban na tasirin sukari (semylong, tsawo, ultralong).
Don magunguna daban-daban, tasirin yana gudana ne daga awanni 10 zuwa 36.
Godiya ga waɗannan kwayoyi, zaku iya rage yawan allurar yau da kullun.
Ana haifar dasu koyaushe ta hanyar dakatarwa. (dakatar da m barbashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ruwa), ana gudanar da shi kawai subcutaneously ko intramuscularly, ba a yarda da gudanarwar jijiya ba. A cikin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa da yanayin precoatous, ba a amfani da magunguna na tsawan lokaci.

Lokacin zabar shiri insulin, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa tsawon lokacin tasirin rage sukari yayi daidai da lokacin da kuka dauka.
Idan ya cancanta, ana iya gudanar da magunguna 2 na tsawan mataki a cikin sirinji ɗaya.
Wasu marasa lafiya suna buƙatar ba kawai tsawon lokaci ba, har ma da sauri daidaituwa na matakan glucose na jini. Dole ne su rubanya shirye-shiryen insulin na dogon lokaci da gajere.
Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar da magunguna na tsawon lokaci kafin karin kumallo duk da haka, in ya zama dole, allurar za a iya yi a wasu lokuta.

Ana amfani da duk shirye-shiryen insulin a ƙarƙashin yarda da abinci.
Ya kamata a ƙaddara ma'anar darajar makamashi rubuta (daga 1700 zuwa 3000 khal) ta nauyin jikin mai haƙuri a lokacin maganin, ta nau'in ayyukan. Don haka, tare da rage cin abinci mai gina jiki da aiki mai ƙarfi na jiki, adadin adadin kuzari da ake buƙata kowace rana ga mai haƙuri ya zama aƙalla 3000, tare da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma yanayin rayuwa, bai kamata ya wuce 2000 ba.

Gabatarwa da allurai masu yawa, da kuma rashin isowar carbohydrates tare da abinci, na iya haifar da yanayin cutarwar jiki (saukar da sukarin jini) tare da jin yunwar, rauni, gumi, rawar jiki, ciwon kai, tsananin kishi, bugun zuciya, kazamar magana (rashin sa'a) ko zafin rai.
Bayan haka, cutar sikila tana iya haɓaka (asarar hankali, halin cikakken rashin halayen jiki ga ƙwarin waje sakamakon raguwar sukari cikin jini) tare da asarar hankali, tashin zuciya, da hauhawar aiki a cikin aikin zuciya.
Don hana hypoglycemic jihar, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar sha shayi mai dadi ko cin eatan guda kaɗan na sukari.

Tare da hypoglycemic (hade da raguwar sukari jini) coma Maganin glucose na 40% ana shigar dashi cikin jijiya a cikin adadin 10-40 ml, wani lokacin har zuwa 100 ml, amma babu ƙari.
Gyara hypoglycemia (saukar da sukari jini) a cikin nau'i mai nauyi ana iya aiwatar dashi ta amfani da intanetuscular ko subcutaneous management na glucagon.

Tare da gudanar da aikin insulin na shirye-shiryen insulin, lipodystrophy (raguwa a cikin adadin adipose nama a cikin ƙwayar subcutaneous) na iya faruwa a wurin allurar.

Ana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan wajen lura da marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari, masu fama da rashin isasshen ƙwayar cuta (rashin daidaituwa tsakanin buƙatar zuciyar oxygen da isarwa) da lalata kwakwalwa | jini.
Yin taka tsantsan wajibi ne lokacin amfani da insulin a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan thyroid, cutar ta Addison (karancin aikin adrenal), da gazawar koda.

Yakamata a kula da lafiyar insulin ciki.
A lokacin farko-farko na ciki, bukatar insulin yawanci yakan dan ragu kadan kuma ya tashi cikin sati na biyu da na uku.
Alfa-adrenergic blockers da beta-adrenostimulants, tetracyclines, salicylates suna ƙara ɓoyewar ƙwayar endogenous (excretion na sashin jikin) insulin.
Diupetics na Thiazide (diuretics), beta-blockers, barasa na iya haifar da hypoglycemia.

Haɗa kai tare da
wasu magani
ta hanyar:

An inganta aikin hypoglycemic na insulin baka hypoglycemic kwayoyi, Mao hanawa, ACE hanawa, carbonic anhydrase hanawa, zabe beta-blockers, bromocriptine, octreotide, sulfonamides, anabolic steroids, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, lithium, kwayoyi dauke da ethanol .

Sakamakon rashin lafiyar insulin ya raunana maganin hana haihuwa, corticosteroids, hormones thyroid, thiazide diuretics, heparin, tricyclic antidepressants, tausayi ajuju, danazole, clonidine, allunan tashar alli, diazoxide, morphine, phenytoin, nicotine.

Underarfafawar tasirin reserpine da salicylates, duka raunana da haɓaka a cikin aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi yana yiwuwa.
Magunguna waɗanda ke ɗauke da thiol ko sulfite, lokacin da aka ƙara shi da insulin, suna haifar da lalata.

A lokacin daukar ciki, nau'in insulin, sashi da tsarin aikinta an yanke ne ta hanyar likitan halartar.
Idan tsarin kulawa na farko da aka zaɓa bai dace ba, yana da buƙatar sake tuntuɓar likita kuma zaɓi, ƙarshe, mafi dacewa da ingancin tsarin kulawa.

Kwayar cutar : rauni tsoka, gajiya haske, yunwar, profuse salivation, pallor, ƙulli yatsunsu, rawar jiki, palpitations, ɗaliban da aka zana, blurred hango, ciwon kai, tashin hankali, tauna, dimin hankali, zalunci ko tashin hankali, ayyukan unmotivated, tonic ko Clonic kuma, a ƙarshe, zaman lafiya.

Jiyya don yanayin hypoglycemic ya kamata a fara nan da nan.
A cikin lokuta masu sauƙi, ya isa ba da shayi mai zaki a ciki, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, zuma.
Tare da cikakken asarar sani (coma) nan da nan allura wani glucose bayani (10-20 ml na 20-40% glucose).
A cikin rashin yiwuwar allura ta ciki na maganin glucose, ana bada shawara ga sarrafa intramuscularly 0.001-0.002 g na glucagon ko 0.5 ml na 0.1% na maganin adrenaline hydrochloride a ƙarƙashin fata.
Ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa tare da gabatarwar adrenaline, sakamako masu illa na iya faruwa - palpitations, rawar jiki, hauhawar jini, damuwa, da sauransu.

Ana samun insulin na insringe a cikin gilashin gilashin gilashi da aka rufe tare da dusar ƙoshin roba tare da fashewar aluminium
A cikin kwalabe 10 ml, a cikin akwati 5 inji mai kwakwalwa ko a cikin penfill (katunan katako) 1.5 da 3 ml don alkairin sirinji .

Shirye-shiryen insulin (duka vials da katako) waɗanda ba a amfani da su, yakamata a adana shi a 2-8 ° C a cikin duhu , i.e. a cikin firiji (zai fi dacewa a kan shelf ɗin ƙasa), daga injin daskarewa.
A wannan yanayin zafin, suna riƙe da kayan abubuwan da suka mallaka da abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta har izuwa lokacin rayuwar shiryayye ya nuna akan kunshin. Dole ne a bincika insulin a lokacin da yake tashi a jirgin sama don guje wa haɗarin daskarewa.
Yawancin zafin jiki mai girman ajiya yana haifar da raguwa a hankali a cikin nazarin halittu na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Hasken rana kai tsaye shima yana matukar tasiri, yana kara asarar ayyukan kwayoyin halitta sau 100.
Insulin mai narkewa mai narkewa na iya fadadawa kuma ya zama girgije . Granules da flakes suna fitowa a cikin dakatarwar insulin. Haɗin ruwan zafi da girgiza mai tsawo yana haɓaka wannan tsari.

Za a iya ajiye kwalban insulin da mai haƙuri ke amfani dashi a zazzabi a ɗakuna wanda bai wuce 25 ° C ba, a cikin duhu har zuwa makonni 6. An rage wannan lokacin zuwa makonni 4 lokacin amfani da katako na Penfill, tun da ana amfani da allon alkalami galibi a aljihunka a yanayin zafi kusa da zafin jiki. Ana adanar vials na insulin a cikin firiji don watanni 3 bayan amfani na farko.

Ba za a iya amfani da insulin mai daskarewa ba bayan shafe shi. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga dakatarwa. A lokacin daskarewa, lu'ulu'u ko barbashi tara kuma kar a narkarda bayan narkewa, wanda hakan yasa ba zai yiwu a sake samun fitowar nau'in ba. Don haka, haɗarin gabatar da kashi wanda bai isa ba yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Ya kamata a la'akari da insulin da lalacewa bayan danshi. Ba za a iya amfani da nau'ikan insulin a fili ba lokacin da disloration, ɓarkewa ko bayyanar barbashin da aka dakatar.
Dakatarwar insulin, wanda bayan hadawa baya haifar da fitowar farin tsari ko hade da lumps, zaruruwa, canza launi, bai dace ba a yi amfani da shi.

1 ml na bayani ko dakatarwa yawanci ya ƙunshi raka'a 40.
Ya danganta da tushen samar da kayan, ana keɓe insulin daga cututtukan dabbobi kuma ana yin shi ta amfani da hanyoyin injin.

Dangane da matsayin tsabtacewa, shirye-shiryen insulin daga kyallen dabba ya kasu zuwa monopic (MP) da monocomponent (MK).
A halin yanzu an samo su daga ƙwan alade, ƙari ga wannan kuma ana musanta musu da harafin C (SMP - alade naman alade, SMK - naman alade naman alade), shanu - wasiƙar G (naman sa: GMP - naman sa na naman sa, GMK - naman sa mai nama).
An nuna shirye-shiryen insulin na mutum ta hanyar wasika C.

Ya danganta da tsawon lokacin aikin, insulins sun kasu kashi biyu:
- shirye-shiryen insulin gajere : farawa aiki bayan mintuna 15-30, mafi girman aiki bayan sa'o'i 1 / 2-2, jimlar lokacin aiki na awanni 4-6,
- shirye-shiryen insulin na tsawon lokaci hada magunguna tare da matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki (farawa bayan 1 / 2-2 hours, ganiya bayan 3-12 hours, jimlar tsawon 8-12 hours), kwayoyi tare da tsawon lokaci (farawa bayan 4-8 hours, ganiya bayan 8-18 hours, jimlar tsawon 20-30 hours).

A yau, masana'antar masana'antu suna samar da nau'ikan insulin daban-daban. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da nau'ikan insulin a cikin magani.

Ofungiyar insulins mafi yawanci an ƙaddara ta dogara da tsawon lokacin aikinsu bayan gudanarwa ga jikin mutum. A cikin magani, magunguna na waɗannan masu zuwa ana rarrabe su:

ultrashort
gajere
matsakaita tsawon lokacin aiki
magunguna masu dadewa.

Yin amfani da guda ɗaya ko wani nau'in insulin ya dogara da halaye na mutum na mai haƙuri da kuma tsarin kula da ciwon sukari na mellitus tare da insulin.

Abubuwan insulin daban-daban sun bambanta da juna duka a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin aikin. Ga kowane nau'in shiri na insulin, ana amfani da umarnin yin amfani da shi daidai da halayen halayen da hanyar shirya.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai buƙatu na gaba ɗaya waɗanda ya kamata a bi lokacin gudanar da aikin insulin. Kowane shiri na insulin yana da wasu alamomi da kuma contraindications don amfani.

Kayan magunguna

Insemir insulin kwatankwacin kwalliyar mutum ne na insulin na mutum, tsawaita aiki tare da kwanciyar hankali wanda aka samar dashi, wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar kimiyyar halittar DNA ta hanyar amfani da irin wannan matsalar ta Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Insulin ya danganta ga takamaiman masu karɓar, don haka yana daidaita tasirin ilmin halitta. Insulin yana daidaita metabolism. Yana rage matakin glucose a cikin jini, yana karfafa amfani da shi ta hanyar kyallen jiki kuma yana hana gluconeogenesis. Insulin yana inganta biosynthesis furotin, yana hana proteolysis da lipolysis a cikin ƙwayoyin mai. Matsakaicin ƙwayar detemir insulin a cikin jijiyoyin jini yana isa bayan 6 - 8 hours bayan gudanarwa. Tare da tsarin gudanarwa sau biyu a rana, daidaituwa na insulin Detemir a cikin jijiyoyin jini ana samunsa ne bayan allura 2 zuwa 3. Bambancin ɗaukar ciki na insulin detemir yana ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran shirye-shiryen insulin basal. A cikin magungunan insulin na disemir, ba a gano mahimmancin bambance-bambancen jinsi tsakanin jinsi. Matsakaicin girman rarraba insulin detemir yana kusan 0.1 l / kg. Rashin insulin na disemir yayi kama da na shirye-shiryen insulin na mutum, duk samfuran metabolism basa aiki. Babu wata mu'amala mai ma'ana ta asibiti tsakanin insulin detemir da mai mai kitse ko wasu magunguna waɗanda ke da alaƙa da sunadarai. Rabin ƙarshe na ƙarshe tare da allurar subcutaneous ya dogara da yawan ƙwayoyi da ƙimar sha daga ƙwaƙwalwar subcutaneous kuma shine 5 zuwa 7 hours.

Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin marasa lafiya tsufa 2 shekaru.

Sashi na insulin yana lalata abubuwa

Insemir insulin an yi shi ne kawai don gudanar da subcutaneous, ba za a iya sarrafa magungunan a cikin ciki ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da mummunan hypoglycemia. Ana amfani da kashi gwargwadon bukatun mai haƙuri. Ana iya buƙatar daidaita yanayin zafin idan abincin da mai haƙuri ya saba, yanayin aikinsa yana ƙaruwa, ko kuma tare da rashin lafiya. Ana iya amfani da insulin na Detemir duka biyu a cikin hanyar monotherapy kuma tare da insulin bolus, kamar yadda tare da magungunan hypoglycemic don maganin baka. Ana iya gudanar da insulin na Detemir a kowane lokaci mafi dacewa yayin rana, amma bayan saita lokacin allura, dole ne a mance da shi kullun. Insulin ta 'Detemir' an allurar dashi cikin yanki na bangon ciki na ciki, cinya, kafada, gluteal ko yanki mai narkewa. Dole ne a canza wuraren allurar a kai a kai don rage haɗarin lipodystrophy. Kamar yadda sauran shirye-shiryen insulin, a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya da ke fama da rauni ko aikin hepatic, ƙarin saka idanu sosai kan matakan glucose jini da daidaita sashin disemir daban-daban suna da muhimmanci. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran shirye-shiryen insulin, ana bada shawara cewa kayi hankali da kulawa da glucose jini yayin fassarar kuma a cikin makonni na farko na rubuta sabon magani.
Insulin na Detemir yana da sakamako na tsawan lokaci (har zuwa rana).
Maganin insulin na Detemir baya kara nauyi a jiki.
Kafin tafiya mai nisa, wacce ke hade da canji a bangarorin lokaci, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya nemi shawara tare da likitanka, tunda canza sashin lokaci yana nuna cewa mara lafiya zai yi allurar da abinci a wani lokaci.
Rage magani ko isasshen maganin zai iya haifar da cutar hyperglycemia ko ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari. Hyperglycemia yawanci yakan haifar da sannu a hankali a kan sa'o'i da yawa ko kwanaki. Bayyanar cututtukan hyperglycemia sun hada da yawan urination, ƙishirwa, tashin zuciya, amai, jan jiki da bushewar fata, bushewar baki, bushe bushe, ƙanshi na acetone a cikin iska mai ƙonewa, rashin ci. Idan ba tare da maganin da ya dace ba, hauhawar jini yana haifar da ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari da mutuwa.
Hypoglycemia zai iya haɓaka tare da aikin motsa jiki mai ƙayyadaddun tsari ko kuma tsallake abinci idan adadin insulin ya yi yawa dangane da buƙatar insulin. Lokacin da za a biya ma'adinin ƙwayar carbohydrate a cikin marasa lafiya, alamu na yau da kullun-abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar rashin ƙarfi na hypoglycemia na iya canzawa, ya kamata a sanar da marasa lafiya game da wannan. Tare da tsawan lokaci na ciwon sukari, alamu na yau da kullun na iya ɓacewa.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da cututtukan fata, musamman tare da zazzabi da cututtuka, yawanci suna kara buƙatar jikin mutum na insulin.
Hakanan ana iya buƙatar daidaita daidaituwa na insulin detemir idan mai haƙuri yana da cututtukan cututtukan hanta, ƙodan, adrenal glandon, glandon shinero, glandon gland.
Akwai rahotanni game da ci gaban lalacewa na kasala a cikin jiyya na marasa lafiya tare da thiazolidinediones tare da shirye-shiryen insulin, musamman idan mai haƙuri yana da abubuwan haɗari don ci gaban rashin lafiyar zuciya na kullum. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan gaskiyar lokacin rubuta likitoci tare da magani tare da shirye-shiryen insulin da thiazolidinediones. Tare da irin wannan haɗin magani, ya zama dole don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na likita na marasa lafiya don gano alamun su da alamun rauni na zuciya, kasancewar edema, ƙimar nauyi. Idan an gano alamun rashin lafiyar zuciya ko kuma ya karu, to yakamata a daina maganin thiazolidinedione.
Tare da hypoglycemia, wanda zai iya haɓaka yayin ɗaukar Detemir, saurin amsawa da ikon maida hankali suna da damuwa. Sabili da haka, tare da haɓakawarsa, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar dena shiga cikin ayyukan da ake buƙatar ƙarin hankali da saurin halayen psychomotor (gami da tuki motocin).

Haihuwa da lactation

Lokacin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yayin daukar ciki, ya zama dole yin la'akari da fa'idodin da ake tsammanin ga mahaifiyar da kuma haɗarin yiwuwar tayin. A daya daga cikin gwajin asibiti da aka sarrafa, babu bambance-bambance na sakamakon ciki, a cikin bayanan lafiyar gaba daya lokacin daukar ciki, cikin lafiyar jariri da tayin idan aka kwatanta shirye-shiryen insulin tare da disemir da insulin kewayon. Informationarin bayani game da aminci da tasirin magani a lokacin amfani da tallace-tallace na nuna rashin halayen halayen da ba a san su ba wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar cikin gari ko guba ga tayin. A cikin dabbobi, ba a gano illa mai guba na miyagun ƙwayoyi kan tsarin haihuwa ba. Matan da ke da juna biyu masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar sa ido sosai a duk lokacin da suke cikin ciki, da kuma lokacin tsara ciki. A cikin farkon lokacin ciki, bukatar insulin yawanci yakan ragu kuma shekarun cikin sakan na biyu da na uku. Bukatar insulin bayan haihuwa tayi da sauri ta koma matakin da ta kasance kafin daukar ciki. Babu wani bayani kan ko insulin ya shiga cikin Detemir a cikin madara. Ana tsammanin cewa maganin ba zai shafi metabolism a cikin jikin jarirai yayin shayarwa ba, tun da yake maganin yana da peptide wanda ke cikin sauki a rushe cikin jijiyar ciki zuwa cikin amino acid wanda jiki ke sha. Yayin lokacin shayarwa a cikin mata, ana iya buƙatar gyaran abinci da kashi na insulin.

Sakamakon sakamako na insulin yana lalata

Rashin lafiyar metabolism: hypoglycemia (alamun hypoglycemia: gumi mai sanyi, kara ƙarfin jiki, ƙwanƙolin fata, tashin hankali, damuwa, rauni, rauni mai wuya, rashin kwanciyar hankali, matsananciyar damuwa, raguwa mai ƙarfi, yunwar rashin ƙarfi, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, hangen nesa mai ɓaci, bugun zuciya, rashi na hankali, rashi, na wucin gadi ko ba zai iya canzawa ba game da aikin kwakwalwa, mutuwa).
Janar cuta da halayen a wurin allura: halayen cututtukan gida (kumburi, redness, itching a wurin allura), lipodystrophy, edema.
Rashin rigakafin tsarin cuta: urticaria, halayen rashin lafiyan, fatar fata, itching, sweating, angioedema, gastrointestinal disturbances, matsaloli na numfashi, rage karfin jini.
Rashin gani na gani: rikicewar tunani, maganin ciwon sukari.
Tsarin ciki na gefe neuropathy.

Haɗin insulin yana lalata wasu abubuwa

Akwai magunguna waɗanda ke shafar buƙatar insulin. Tasirin hypoglycemic na insulin yana dauke da hankali ta hanyar glucocorticosteroids, maganin hana haihuwa, sinadarin iodine, mai dauke da sinadarin thiazide, somatropin, heparin, sympathomimetics, tricyclic antidepressants, danazole, jinkirin alli tashar blockers, Clonidine, diafin,. Tasirin hypoglycemic na insulin an inganta shi ta hanyar magungunan inhibitors na monoamine oxidase, magungunan baka na baka, magungunan angiotensin da ke juya masu inzyme, masu hana beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, bromocriptine, anabolic steroids, sulfonamide kwayoyi, tetracycline phospholife, phenol wadanda ke dauke da kwayar ethanol. Octreotide da lanreotide zasu iya ragewa da haɓaka buƙatar jikin mutum na insulin. A ƙarƙashin aikin salicylates da reserpine, duka karuwa da rauni na aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi suna yiwuwa. Barasa zai iya yin ƙarfi da tsawan tasirin insulin. Beta-blockers na iya rufe bayyanar cututtuka na hypoglycemia da jinkirta murmurewa bayan hypoglycemia. Wasu kwayoyi, alal misali, waɗanda ke ɗauke da gungun sulfite ko thiol, lokacin da aka ƙara insulin, detemir na iya lalata shi. Bai kamata a ƙara insulin ɗin insemir zuwa mafita na jiko ba.

Yawan abin sama da ya kamata

Takamaiman matakin da wanda ya wuce yawan insulin detemir ya bunkasa ba a kafa shi ba, amma hypoglycemia na iya haɓaka a hankali tare da gabatarwar babban kashi don wani haƙuri. Jiyya: mai haƙuri na iya kawar da ɗimin zafin jiki a cikin kansa ta hanyar ɗora glucose, sukari, da abinci mai wadataccen carbohydrates. Sabili da haka, marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari ya kamata koyaushe suna ɗaukar maciji, sukari, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai dadi, cookies.
A cikin hypoglycemia mai tsanani, lokacin da mai haƙuri bai san komai ba, ya zama dole a allura 0.5 - 1 mg na glucagon subcutaneously ko intramuscularly, ko allurar maganin glucose (dextrose) a cikin ciki. Hakanan wajibi ne don gudanar da glucose a cikin ciki idan mai haƙuri bai sake murmurewa 10 zuwa 15 mintuna bayan aikin glucagon. Lokacin dawo da hankali don hana sake dawowar hypoglycemia, ana ba da shawarar mai haƙuri ya ɗauki abincin da ke da wadataccen carbohydrates.

Menene insulin?

Insulin wani shiri ne na gina jiki-peptide na asalin kwayoyin halittar. Ana amfani da insulin a matsayin takamaiman kayan aiki don maganin ciwon sukari.

Insulin wani kwazo ne wanda ke aiki a cikin fitsarin carbohydrate kuma yana taimakawa rage yawan glucose a cikin jini na mai haƙuri. Rage carbohydrates a cikin jini ana samunsa ta hanyar ƙara yawan amfani da sugars ta hanyar kyallen takaddun insulin a ƙarƙashin rinjayar insulin. Insulin yana ba da gudummawa ga haɗin glycogen ta ƙwayoyin hanta kuma yana hana sauya fats da amino acid zuwa carbohydrates.

Tare da rashin insulin a cikin jikin mutum, ana lura da karuwa a cikin matakan sukari na jini. Increaseara yawan glucose na jini yana haifar da ci gaban ciwon sukari da kuma rikitarwa masu alaƙa. Rashin insulin a cikin jiki yana faruwa ne sakamakon rikice-rikice a cikin ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke bayyana saboda lalacewar tsarin endocrine, bayan raunin da ya faru ko tare da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙarfi akan jikin da ke hade da faruwa na yanayi mai damuwa.

Shirye-shiryen da ke kunshe da insulin an yi su ne daga nama na kashin fata.

Mafi sau da yawa, samar da kwayoyi suna amfani da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta garken shanu da aladu.

Alamu don amfani da shirye-shiryen insulin

Don kawar da yawan ƙwayoyi masu yawa wanda ya ƙunshi insulin, ana buƙatar ɗaukar gram 100 na farin gurasa, shayi mai ɗanɗano ko fewan tablespoons kaɗan na sukari a farkon alamun sashi.

A gaban alamun bayyanar alamun girgiza, ya kamata a gudanar da glucose a cikin mara lafiya a cikin jijiya. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya ɗaukar ƙananan aiki adrenaline subcutaneously.

Ana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a cikin yanayin amfani da insulin roba a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari na mellitus, a gaban rashin daidaituwa na jijiyoyin ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma gano rikice-rikice a cikin keɓaɓɓen ƙwayar cuta. Game da amfani da insulin tsawan lokaci, ana bukatar ayi nazari kan tsarin fitsari da jini na abin da ke jikin shi. Irin wannan binciken don bayyana mafi kyawun lokacin don shan miyagun ƙwayoyi don cimma sakamako mafi kyawun tasiri.

Don gudanar da maganin, ana amfani da sirinji na musamman ko sirinji na alkalami na musamman.