Tsarin cholesterol na jini

Masu karatun mu sunyi nasarar amfani da Aterol don rage cholesterol. Ganin shahararrun kayan wannan samfurin, mun yanke shawarar ba da shi ga hankalin ku.

Cholesterol (cholesterol) shine kwayar halitta wacce aka kirkira a cikin jikin dan adam, haka kuma tana zuwa daga waje, wani bangare ne wanda yake zama muhimmi a jikin membranes cell kuma mai shiga a cikin hadadden kwayoyin halittu daban-daban da kuma abubuwan rayuwa. Sanannen cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini yakamata ya zama sananne ga kowa, saboda, tunda ya sami wani sakamako yayin gwajin, samun ra'ayin da ya dace game da lafiyarsu.

• Yaushe cholesterol ya zama barazana?
• Musamman dabi'u
• Risksara yawan haɗari

Cholesterol ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, sabili da haka, yana buƙatar siffofin sufuri na musamman (lipoproteins) don motsawa cikin jiki da kuma yin ayyukanta.

Yaushe cholesterol ya zama barazana?

Wani lokacin cholesterol din da jiki yake buƙata yana iya zama barazana a gare shi ─ lokacin da aka lalata metabolism din mai sannan aka fara sanya shi a jikin bango na jijiyoyin jini kuma ya cika kunkuntar. Cutar na ci gaba a hankali, adibas ya kama dukkan yanayin hanji daga ciki, haɗarin cikakkiyar tashoshin jiragen ruwa ko katsewar cikin farji yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka rikitarwa na atherosclerosis.

Don sarrafa metabolism na kitsen a cikin jiki, likita ya ba da izinin gwajin jini na biochemical, wanda ke nuna matakin jimlar cholesterol, triglycerides, daidaitattun abubuwa na lipoproteins, kazalika da ikon atherogenicity.

Likita na iya yin bayanin yadda ake nuna daidai cholesterol da gabobinsa a cikin binciken.

Gwajin tantancewa

Yaya aka nuna cholesterol a cikin binciken? Wannan tambayar tana da ban sha'awa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suke so su mallaki bayanan gwajin jini na ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa idan ba tare da ilimin da ya dace ba a cikin masana'antar likitanci zai kasance mai matuƙar wahala kuma wani lokacin ba zai yiwu ba.

Awararren masani ne kaɗai zai iya ba da cikakken ƙididdigar bayanan da aka samu na yin la'akari da duk abubuwan da ke haifar da tasiri a cikin yanayin kasancewar abubuwan haɗuwa da jinsi, jinsi da shekarun haƙuri. Gano kansa zai iya zama gwargwado na ɗan lokaci ne kawai idan mara lafiya ba shi da damar tuntuɓar likita saboda yanayin rayuwa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na sirri ba za su iya zama tushen kayyade hanyar maganin rashin lafiya ba.

Menene cholesterol?

Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya da likitoci suna ta ba da kulawa ta musamman ga binciken irin wannan bangaren. Gaskiyar ita ce har zuwa kwanan nan, an dauki mai barasa mai haɗari mai haɗari wanda ke da tasiri na musamman a cikin tasoshin jini. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa jikin ɗan adam ba zai iya wanzuwa ba tare da irin wannan bangaren ba, saboda yana ba da:

• sabunta tsarin membranes,
• ya shiga cikin ayyukan "gina" sababbin sel,
• ya shiga cikin tsarin halittar maza na jima'i,
• yana samar da ingantaccen bitamin D da jiki,
• Yana taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaituwar sikelin collagen.

Me yasa aka sami wani rashin jituwa yayin nazarin abu a cikin ƙayyade fa'idodin da cutarwarsa, kuma ta yaya abu wanda jikinsa ya samar da kansa zai cutar da tasoshin? Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin jinin mutum, ana amfani da cholesterol a cikin tsari tare da sunadarai. Irin wannan tsari yana da nau'o'in yanayi daban-daban. Kirkirar cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini na iya zama kamar haka:

• babban lipoprotein mai yawa (wanda ake magana da shi a matsayin HDL) - abu ne mai amfani kuma yana tabbatar da kawar da adon cholesterol daga tasoshin jini,
• low lipoprotein low (LDL) - fili wanda yawan tara kayan jikin sa haɗari ne ga mutane. A bango asalin irin wannan cin zarafi, yaduwa ga bayyanar atherosclerosis yana tasowa, akwai haɗarin thrombosis tare da rushewar kashi na gaba,
• lowpo yawa na lipoprotein (VLDL) shine mafi haɗari mai narkewa, tare da haɓaka cikin haɗuwa wanda jinin mai haƙuri ya fara zuwa girgije kuma ya sami wani irin milky hue. Wannan fili yana kunshe da farko na triglycerides da cholesterol.

Kirkirar cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini yana da matukar mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin bincike. Ta hanyar bin diddigin yanayin canjin a alamomi kamar yadda warkaswa ke ci gaba, likita ya sami damar daidaita maganin. Yayin gwaje-gwajen, ana tantance mahimmancin kayan kowane juzu'i daban daban. Darajar jimlar cholesterol da wuya ta baka damar samun hoto daidai, wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa atherogenicity index, wanda aka gabatar a matsayin gwargwadon rabo na HDL zuwa LDL, hakan yana da mahimmanci.

Eterayyade ma'aunin atherogenic

Nazarin wani takamaiman atherogenic index yana ba ka damar samun hoto cikakke, mai ba da labari a cikin ƙaddara rabo tsakanin tara abubuwa masu kyau da mara kyau.

Lokacin da ake ƙididdige ƙimar, ana amfani da tsari mai sauƙi, yana nuna ƙididdigar yawan ƙididdigar HDL daga ƙimar jimlar cholesterol. Lambar da ta biyo baya dole ta raba ta da mai nuna alamar LDL.

Hankali! Tsarin atherogenic na yau da kullun na maza da mata masu shekaru 30 zuwa 560 na iya canzawa tsakanin raka'a 2 zuwa 3.7. Manuniya sama da raka'a 3 na iya yin nuni da hadarin yiwuwar ci gaban cututtukan zuciya. Mai nuna alama wanda ke ƙasa da matakin karɓa ne da wuya a lura da shi a cikin marasa lafiya na wannan rukunin na wannan. Rashin darajar ko samun sakamakon sifili alama ce mai kyau na lafiyar lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki, idan dai har darajar dabi'ar LDL da HDL ta gudana cikin iyakance mai karbuwa.

A matsayinka na mai taimaka wa kwalaji a cikin gwajin jini

Alamomin da aka samo yayin gudanar da gwajin jini sun banbanta, wato, ba su bayar da damar samun hoto mai ba da labari ba. Tare da sakamakon binciken, ko kuma tare da sauya bayanan su, bayani daga tebur zai taimaka.

Cibiyoyin bincike na zamani suna amfani da sabbin kayan aiki don samun kwayar gwajin jini a cikin 'yan awanni. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa bayanan da aka samo sakamakon binciken ba za a ɗaukarsu azaman waɗanda suka dace ba. Idan mai haƙuri ya ji daɗi, amma gwajin gwaje-gwaje ba su da kyau, ya kamata a maimaita gwajin. Tasirin warkewa yana farawa bayan cikakken ƙuduri na haɓakar ilimin halayyar cuta.

Hankali! Dalilin bayyanar da kuskure a cikin sakamakon binciken na iya zama rashin bin ka'idodin ka'idodin shiri don binciken.

Bugu da kari, alamu na iya bambanta sosai dangane da hanyar da dakin binciken ke amfani da shi. Don samun ingantaccen hoto, dole ne a kwatanta su da tamanin ƙimar don wata hanya ta gwaji. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya kamata a canza sakamakon gwajin kawai likitan da ya san yadda ake nuna cholesterol da abin da halayensa na yarda za su iya kasancewa cikin jinin mai haƙuri.

Bayan jarrabawa da kuma samun sakamako da aka tabbatar, idan ya cancanta, an ƙaddara hanyoyin da ake buƙata na warkewa. Mafi sau da yawa ana amfani da fibrates da statins don daidaita dabi'u. Ya kamata a aiwatar da abin da ya kamata a karkashin tsaftataccen kulawar likitocin, saboda suna iya shafar jikin wani mutum ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Atherosclerosis cuta ne wanda ya fi sauki hanawa fiye da warkarwa, don haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da hankali game da buƙatar yin gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi, wanda ke ba da damar yanke hukunci a cikin lokacin abubuwan da ake buƙata don ci gaban cutar.

Yaya ake nuna cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini?

A cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje da yawa, ƙirar cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini tana nuna Latin. Yanzu suna ƙara yin amfani da raguwa - HDL da LDL. Don fahimtar yadda ake nuna cholesterol a cikin nazarin, kuna buƙatar sanin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don raguwa:

• jimlar cholesterol, Chol (сholesterol), TC (adadin kuzari),
• HDL, HDL (yawan yawa na lipoprotein) - ɗumbin ƙwayoyin lipoproteins mai yawa, "mai kyau",
• LDL, LDL (ƙarancin lipoprotein mai yawa) - ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa, "mara kyau",
• TG (Triglycer> Cibiyoyin sadarwa na zamani suna amfani da raguwa a cikin Rashanci da Latin .. Ya dogara da asibitin da dakin binciken da ke nazarin sa.

Yadda za a shirya don bincike?

Menene yakamata ya kasance shiri don bayar da gudummawar jini don cholesterol? Yaya aka nuna mai nuna alama a kan fom? Waɗannan tambayoyin ana neman su akai-akai waɗanda kuna buƙatar sanin amsar su.

Shiri don hanya

Don samun ainihin sakamakon, ya kamata ku bi ƙa'idodin:

1. ƙi abinci na akalla awanni 8 (ba da gudummawar jini a cikin komai a ciki),
2. 2-3 days kafin hanya, ƙi giya,
3. 3 hours kafin a ɗauki kayan, kar a sha taba,
4. kwantar da hankalinka zuwa mafi girman kuma kar ka kasance mai juyayi,
5. Karku cika kwanaki 1-2 kafin aikin tare da aikin jiki,
6. 1-2 days kafin yin gwajin jini, rage cin abinci mai kitse da soyayyen abinci.

Mata za su iya ba da gudummawar jini don cholesterol a kowane lokaci na haila. Lokacin da aka jariri yaro, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar cewa ya natsu kafin ya ɗauki jini. Don sa yaro ya sami tsaro, zo ofishin bayar da gudummawar jini a gaba.

Mahimmanci! Idan mutum ya dauki magungunan da ke shafar adadin cholesterol a cikin jini, to ya kamata a gargadi likitan da ke halartar taron da kuma mataimakan dakin gwaje-gwaje game da wannan.

Alamu don bincike

Yana da mahimmanci musamman sanin game da ƙirar cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini ga waɗannan mutanen waɗanda ke da alamun kai tsaye ga binciken. Wani lokacin mutum bai san babban cholesterol a cikin jini ba, amma wannan yanayi ne mai haɗari.

Ciwon sukari mellitus

Akwai da yawa cututtuka da yanayi lokacin da gudummawar jini hanya ce ta wajibi:

• tare da hauhawar jini
• tare da ciwon sukari
• tare da cututtuka na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini,
• tare da kiba.

Ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga wannan bincike don masu shan sigari da mutane masu shan giya. Irin waɗannan halayen marasa kyau suna cutar da lafiyar tasoshin jini, don haka bayar da gudummawar jini don bincike ya cancanci lokaci 1 a shekara.

Don saka idanu akan matakin LDL yana tsaye ne da maza bayan shekaru 45 da mata yayin menopause. Tsofaffi sun zama waɗanda ke fama da tashe-tashen ƙwayar cutar atherosclerotic saboda jinkirin aiki, rayuwar rashin aiki, ƙarancin abinci, halaye marasa kyau. Tsarin ilmin halittar jini yana da ikon gano wuraren “rauni” a jiki. Gwajin jini mai yawa yana taimaka wa likitoci da sauri su tsayar da cuta kuma su tantance irin maganin da ya fi dacewa.

Profile Lipid da jimlar cholesterol

Bayanin lipid shine fadada nazarin halittu na jini, gami da yawan farfadowa da kuma nuna abinda yake tattare da cikakken sinadarin cholesterol, mai girma da maras yawa, harda triglycerides. Bugu da kari, wannan bincike yana tantance rabo daga wadannan alamomin. Ofaya daga cikin manyan alamomin bayanin martabar lipid shine yawan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana nuna jimlar adadin kwayoyin halitta kamar abu.

Cholesterol wani abu ne mai-kitse wanda ba ya narke cikin ruwa. Akwai abubuwa guda 2 na cholesterol a jikin mutum: kayan abinci, wanda ke faruwa ne sakamakon yawan abinci mai mai yawa, da kuma kiba - jikin yana samar da cholesterol a karan kansa. Tare da wasu damuwa na rayuwa, samuwar cholesterol yana faruwa da sauri fiye da yadda aka saba. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin matakin jini.

Ana nuna jimlar cholesterol a Latin - CHOL. Dangane da shawarwarin yanzu na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, an karɓi alamu masu zuwa waɗanda ke kimanta matakin cikakken kuɗin cholesterol a cikin jini:

• kasa da 5.15 mmol / l - da kyau,
• 5.15 zuwa 6.18 mmol / l - iyaka,
• fiye da 6.2 mmol / l - babban darajar.

Increasearuwar waɗannan alamomi na nuni ba wai kawai raunin na rayuwa ba ne, har ma da ci gaban wasu cututtuka. Pathology ana ɗauka ko dai karuwa ne ko raguwa a cikin waɗannan alamun.

Dalilin karuwar adadin cholesterol, ko hypercholesterolemia, an lura dashi tare da bin hanyoyin da ke biye da yanayin:

• yawan cin mai mai yawa,
• katange bile na bututun,
• cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
• hawan jini
• ciwon sukari mellitus
• gout
• cutar hanta
• dangi na dangi kamar yadda ya kamata,
• rashin ci gaban hormone.

Idan yayin daukar ciki mace ta nuna kadan kara yawan kwayar cuta, to kada ku damu, saboda ana daukar wannan a matsayin ka’ida. Ba da gudummawar jini na iya haifar da irin wannan sakamakon yayin ɗaukar wasu kwayoyi daga ƙungiyar diuretics da androgens, kazalika da cyclosporine, amiodarone, ergocalciferol.

Hypocholesterolemia, ko raguwa cikin jimlar cholesterol, na iya faruwa lokacin da mai haƙuri ya ɗauki gwajin jini bayan tsawan azumi ko kuma akan abinci mai ƙarancin kiba. Decreasearin raguwa a cikin wannan alamar yana iya nuna cutar malabsorption, cututtukan hanta, hanta jini, cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar hanji, rheumatism.

Hypocholesterolemia na iya faruwa a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ƙonewa mai yawa, kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, ko kuma raunin tunani. Tare da keta hakkin hemoglobin, kwayar cholesterol shima za a rage.

Darajar triglycerides da lipoproteins a cikin bincike

Triglycerides sune mahaɗan ɗamarar kitse na musamman da glycerol. Ainihin, waɗannan abubuwa suna tarawa cikin ƙwayar adipose, yayin da suke cikin jini (plasma) ana ɗauke su a cikin ƙaramin abu. Irin wannan lipids sune babban tushen samar da kuzari a jiki. Amma idan matakin triglycerides ya tashi tare da lipoproteins masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Wucewar abubuwan triglycerides wadanda suka rage bayan konewa da juyawa zuwa makamashi sunadarai cholesterol kuma ana sanya su cikin mai. Triglycerides ana nuna shi ta haruffan Latin TRIG. Lokacin da triglycerides a cikin jini ya wuce mai nuna sama da 2.3 mmol / l, akwai kowane dalili don yin imani da cewa mai haƙuri yana haɓaka atherosclerosis. Ana ɗaukar ƙimar fiye da 5.6 mmol / L a matsayin mai nuna alama sosai. Normalimar al'ada tana daga 1.8 zuwa 2.2 mmol / L.

Hakanan ana lura da babban triglycerides tare da sukarin jini mai haɓaka. Cholesterol na iya zama nau'ikan guda biyu: darancin ƙarancin yawa da girma mai yawa. Dukkanin alamomi suna da mahimmanci a kimanta ci gaban atherosclerosis da tsinkayar sa. Consideredarancin kuzari mai ƙima yana ɗauka "mara kyau" saboda shi ne adana bango na tasoshin jini a cikin wani matsi na atherosclerotic.

Tsarinsa abu ne wanda kusan ba zai rushe ba kuma an jinkirta shi. Poarancin lipoproteins mai mahimmanci yana nuna alama mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin halittar jini, tunda sune sababin haɓakar atherosclerosis. Hakanan, waɗannan abubuwan ana kiran su atherogenic. Suna haɗuwa a cikin hanta, babban aikinsu shine jigilar triglycerides zuwa tsarin wurare dabam dabam.

Yawancin waɗannan lipids suna haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin hanta, kuma wasu sun zo da abinci.Lokacin da hanta ya fara samar da irin wannan ƙwayar cholesterol fiye da ƙari, ƙari, yana fitowa ne daga waje, to ba shi da lokacin da za'a yi amfani dashi kuma ya tara a jiki. LDL (ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa) yayi daga al'ada zuwa babba sosai. Kyakkyawan darajar shine matakin lipoproteins mara ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda bai wuce 2.6 mmol / l ba.

Expertswararrun masana da aka yarda da su sun san lokacin da wannan manuniya ya kasance a cikin kewayon 2.6-3.35 mmol / l. Amma lokacin da binciken ya nuna karuwarsa daga 3.4-4.1 mmol / l, to wannan tuni darajar darajar iyaka ce. LDL daga 4.1 zuwa sama 4.9 mmol / L yana tsaye ne ga babba da girma. Kyakkyawan cholesterol, ko babban lipoproteins mai yawa (HDL), yana da tasirin anti-atherosclerotic.

Ba sa tsokanin kitse a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, haka nan, suna ta'azzara wannan aikin. Lokacin da ake kimanta sakamakon lipidogram, raguwa a cikin HDL ana ɗauka alama ce mara kyau. Ba a daukar karuwa a matakin sa a matsayin cuta. An kiyasta matakan babban adadin wadataccen abinci na lipoproteins ta ƙimar da aka yarda da ita a cikin al'adun duniya.

Don haka, matakin HDL a cikin mata ba shi da 0.9 mmol / l ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai nuna babbar haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya. Idan wannan mai nuna alama a cikin mazan mutane sun kasa da 1.16, to ana ɗaukar shi daidai wannan. Ka'idar cholesterol mai yawa ga duka jinsi ya fi 1.6 mmol / l. Wannan darajar tana nuna ƙarancin haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis.

Atherogenic index

Alamar '' CATR '' tana nuna alamar, ko adadi, na atherogenicity. Wannan manuniya yana nuna rabo na lipoproteins mai girma da ƙananan. Yana kimanta hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Tsarin atherogenicity shine alamar ƙarshe na bayanan furotin gaba ɗaya, saboda an lasafta shi a kan tushen duk sauran alamomin.

Matsakaicin al'ada na atherogenic index shine 2-2, 9 mmol / l. Ga mata, darajar raka'a 3.2 ita ce mafi girman da aka yarda, alhali ga maza, darajar da ta yi kama da ɗan kadan - 3.5. Bayyanar irin wannan rabo sama da 4.7 mmol / l yana nuna cewa mutum yana da tsari mai ma'ana a cikin tasoshin.

An ba da cikakken bayani game da cholesterol akan komai a ciki, ana bada shawarar a gudanar da wannan taron da safe bayan bacci mai tsawo. A ranar Hauwa, yana da kyawawa don ware duk wani damuwa na jiki da damuwa na jiki. Shaye-shaye kafin wucewa gwajin ba a yarda da shi ba. Ana ba da izinin bayanin martaba na lipid mafi yawan lokuta don tantance ƙa'idodin cholesterol da gano ƙarancin ciki.

Gano farkon cutar shine zai hana ci gaban atherosclerosis da haɓakawa da rikitarwarsa, irin su infitarwa na myocardial infarction, cututtukan zuciya da na zuciya, bugun jini. Koyaya, gwargwadon sakamakon bincike akan bayanan lipid, ba shi yiwuwa a ƙayyade girman ƙwayar cholesterol, idan akwai.

Sanin yadda ake nuna cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini, zaku iya tantance idan akwai rashi ko wuce haddi na lipoproteins. Bayanan lipid ya ƙunshi mahimman alamomi masu yawa, amma mafi mahimmancin su shine manuniya, ko mai aiki, na atherogenicity.

Musamman dabi'u

Bayan samun sakamakon binciken, abin da za a nema:

• Nuna cikakken cholesterol a cikin nazarin kwayoyin halittun jini ta nakalto bayanai kamar "Chol" ko "TC". A yadda aka saba, mai nuna alama bai wuce 5.2 mmol / L ba. Tare da haɓaka, atherosclerosis yana farawa.
• Ana amfani da Latin "TG" ko "TRIG" don nuna alamar triglycerides. An kafa su a bango na hanji saboda resynthesis na kayan fashewar mai sannan kuma, kasancewarsu cikin siffofin sufuri, shiga cikin jini gaba ɗaya. A yadda aka saba, triglycerides ba su wuce 1.77 mmol / L.

• Likitocin suna amfani da taƙaitaccen "HDL" don rage yawan lipoproteins mai yawa. Wadannan nau'ikan sufuri na lipids suna aiki don hana atherosclerosis: suna kama ƙwayar cholesterol da yawa daga kyallen kewaye kuma suna ba da shi ga hanta don aiki da fitowar jiki. Bugu da kari, zasu iya daukar cholesterol daga sauran dillalan ta. Mai nuna alama ya kamata ya fi 1.20 mmol / L.
• “VLDL” po yawan kuzarin abinci mai wadataccen abinci wanda ke canza tasirin cholesterol da kitse mai kaifin nama a matsayin gini da makamashi. Wannan nau'in lipoprotein an kirkireshi a cikin hanta, yana shiga cikin jini kuma sannu a hankali yana ba da cholesterol da kitse a ƙarƙashin aikin lipoprotein na jijiyoyin jini. A wannan yanayin, ana iya samar da wadataccen abinci na abinci zuwa na marasa galihu. An tabbatar da aikin su a cikin ci gaban cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun zuciya. A yadda aka saba, mai nuna alama ba ta fi 1.04 mmol / l ba.
• Harafin “LDL” yana nufin ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa. An kafa su ne sakamakon raguwa a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙarancin mai mai yawa. Babban aikinsu, da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama, shine dawowar cholesterol zuwa kyallen takarda. Suna ɗaukar nauyin ci gaban atherosclerosis. Dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 3.00 mmol / L
• "IA" e mai ƙima na atherogenicity. Ya nuna rabo na rashin atherogenic da rashin atherogenic of lipoproteins. Itaga shi sama da 3.5 mmol / L yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis da rikitarwa.

Risksara yawan haɗari

Muhimmiyar mahimmanci shine ƙudarin cholesterol da gabobinsa ga mutane:

• Tare da maganin gado. Shahararren lokuta na iyali na sauri, hanya mai ƙarfi na atherosclerosis.
• Wadanda ke fama da hauhawar jini, musamman idan ba a samar da isasshen kulawar cutar ba, akwai wurare na kara matsin lamba.
• Tare da karuwa a cikin nauyin jiki (ƙididdigar ƙwayar jikin mutum fiye da 30 ya riga ya nuna kiba, idan ba ku rage nauyin jiki zuwa al'ada ba, haɗarin cutar zuciya yana ƙaruwa).
• Masu shan barasa da masu shan sigari.
• Tsofaffi, mata masu ɗaukar hoto.
• Tare da rashin aiki na jiki.

Yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa matakin lipid kuma daidaita shi cikin lokaci. Ya isa mutum ya canza abinci da salon rayuwa, wani yana bukatar magani. Dukkan shawarar da likitan halartar ya yanke, zai taimaka wajen kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya tsawon shekaru masu zuwa.

Cholesterol na jini

Gwajin jini ga cholesterol shine mafi mahimmancin binciken da ke taimaka wajan tantance matakin ƙwayoyin cholesterol a cikin jini, wanda ke iya nuna lafiyar mutum. Nazari na kan lokaci yana taimakawa wajen gano kasancewar cututtukan a farkon matakai (jijiyoyin bugun jini atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, cututtukan zuciya). An ba da shawarar bayar da gudummawar jini don cholesterol aƙalla lokaci 1 a cikin shekara, wanda zai isa sosai don saka idanu akan lafiyar lafiyar gaba ɗaya. Abin da ma'anar tantance sakamakon bincike ya ce, da kuma abin da ya faru ta hanyar yanayi, za mu sake bincika gaba.

Cholesterol: makiyi ne ko aboki?

Kafin motsawa daga ma'amala, kuna buƙatar fahimtar menene cholesterol. Cholesterol wani fili ne mai-mai narkewa wanda ke samar da sel na hanta, kodan da kuma adrenal gland don a karfafa membranes, suna daidaita yanayin su. Hakanan, waɗannan sel suna yin waɗannan ayyukan masu amfani ga jiki:

• Shiga cikin kira da shan kwayar bitamin D,
• Shiga cikin bile,
• ba da damar ƙwayoyin jan jini su guji haɓakar hemolysis (lalata),
• dauki bangare mai aiki a cikin samar da kwayoyin halittun steroid.

Waɗannan mahimman ayyukan cholesterol suna nuna mahimmancin jikinta. Koyaya, idan maida hankali ya wuce al'ada, matsalolin kiwon lafiya na iya haɓaka.

Da kansa, cholesterol ba mai narkewa a ruwa, sabili da haka, don cikakken jigilar kayayyaki da zubar da shi, kwayoyin sunadarai na musamman - ana buƙatar apoproteins. Lokacin da aka haɗu da ƙwayoyin cholesterol a cikin apoproteins, an kafa fili mai ƙarfi - lipoprotein, wanda aka rushe cikin sauƙi kuma ana tafiya da sauri ta hanyar jijiyoyin jini.

Ya danganta da adadin ƙwayoyin furotin da ke haɗe da ƙwayar cholesterol, ana iya rarraba lipoproteins cikin rukuni da yawa:

1. Poarancin wadataccen lipoproteins (VLDL) - kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kwayar sunadarai ta faɗi akan kwayar ƙasa ɗaya, wacce take da ƙanƙan da ƙananan abubuwa don ingantacciyar motsi da cire cholesterol Wannan tsari yana ba da gudummawa ga tarawa a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da toshe hanyoyin jijiyoyin jini da haɓaka cututtuka daban-daban.
2. Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (LDL) - ƙasa da kwayayen furotin guda ɗaya da kwayoyi. Irin waɗannan mahadi basu da aiki kuma basu da ruwa mai narkewa, saboda haka sun fi dacewa su zauna cikin tasoshin.
3. Manyan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins masu yawa (HDL) sunadarai masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke hawa sosai kuma suna narkewa cikin ruwa.
4. Chylomicrons sune ƙwayoyin cholesterol mafi girma tare da motsi matsakaici da ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin ruwa.

Ana buƙatar cholesterol na jini, duk da haka, wasu nau'ikansa na iya tayar da ci gaban cututtuka. Sabili da haka, ana ɗaukar ƙananan lipoproteins marasa kyau shine cholesterol mara kyau, wanda ke haifar da toshewar tasoshin jini. A lokaci guda, yawan lipoproteins mai yawa shine tabbacin lafiya da fa'idar duk tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Biochemistry yana ba ka damar gano yanayin tsinkayen ci gaban cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da keɓaɓɓen abu da kuma sifar cholesterol a cikin jini.

Gwajin jini na cholesterol: manyan alamomin da dabi'unsu

Don gano taro da kasancewar kowane nau'in cholesterol a cikin jini, ana amfani da bincike na musamman, sakamakon abin da aka lullube shi a cikin bayanan martaba. Wannan ya hada da Manuniya kamar su duka cholesterol, triglycerides, babban yawa na lipoproteins, low lipoproteins yawa, atherogenicity index. An tantance cholesterol ta amfani da gwajin jini na kwayoyin. Cikakken bincike yana ba ka damar ganin matsalolin kiwon lafiya, wanda ke tsokani saboda yawan haɓakar cholesterol. Babban gwajin jini yana nuna hoto ne kawai, don haka idan sakamakon sa yana da karkata zuwa ga al'ada, to yana da ma'ana don gudanar da cikakken bincike.

Jimlar cholesterol

Mai nuna alamar cholesterol a cikin jini na jini yana nuna maida hankali ne a cikin mmol / L. Wannan alamar tana nuna yanayin yanayin tasoshin jini da jini, kuma yana iya nuna ingancin matakan tafiyar jini. Wannan bincike shine babban abu, tunda yana kimanta yanayin lafiyar, kazalika da buƙatar ƙarin binciken, mafi kunkuntar (HDL, LDL).

Mai nuna alama na al'ada ya dogara da halaye kamar shekaru da jinsi. Yi la'akari da ƙimar halayen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cholesterol na shekaru daban-daban da kungiyoyin jinsi, wanda ya ƙunshi tebur.

Jimlar cholesterol tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da hanyoyin haɓakawa wanda ke faruwa a cikin jikin mutum da halayen abinci mai gina jiki, don haka halayensa a cikin rayuwa sun bambanta. Lokacin haɓakar hormonal, alamu suna nuna ƙananan ƙarancin, kuma mafi kusanci ga tsufa, lokacin da haɓakar haɓaka ta ragu sosai, adadinta ya ninka sau da yawa.

Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa

Wannan rukuni na cholesterol shine mafi haɗari, saboda haka, ana iya bambanta irin waɗannan ƙimar haɓaka kamar 2.3-4.7 mmol / L na maza da kuma 1.9-4.2 mmol / L na al'ada ga mata. Wuce halaye na waɗannan alamun suna nuna kasancewar cututtuka na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, kazalika da raguwa a cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa.

Hakanan

A cikin maza, madaidaicin babba ya kai 3.6 mmol / L, yayin da al'ada a cikin mata ta kasance ƙasa kaɗan - 2.5 mmol / L. Wannan saboda halayen abinci ne, tunda jikin namiji yana buƙatar ƙarin carbohydrates da fats. Gwajin jini na ƙwayoyin cuta yana taimakawa wajen gano matakin triglycerides, gwargwadon yawan adadin jini a jiki.

Ta yaya kuma yakamata ayi bincike?

Masana sun ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje na cholesterol aƙalla lokaci 1 a shekara, idan babu kukan rashin lafiya, kuma kowane watanni shida, idan har akwai matsaloli tare da wuce kima, ƙoshin jini, da zuciya. Gudanar da kai zai rage barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan da ke haifar da barazanar rayuwa, tare da rage yuwuwar mutuwa da haihuwa.

Ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya, amma kafin aikin, ya kamata a fara shiri:

1. Kada ku ci sa'o'i 5-6 kafin samfurin jini.
2. Kada ku sha barasa ranar da ta gabata.
3. Ku ci a al'ada, iyakance abinci mai narkewa da mai mai yawa.
4. Rage damuwa a jiki da kwakwalwa.
5. Yi bacci mai kyau kuma barci.
6. Guji matsi da tashin hankali.

Binciken yana taimakawa ba kawai don saka idanu kan yanayin kiwon lafiya ba, har ma don nuna sauye sauye na lura da wasu cututtuka.

Saboda haka, yankewar gwajin jini na cholesterol ya ƙunshi alamomi da yawa, kowannensu yana da mahimmancin gaske. Wannan gwajin ya zama dole ga masu kiba masu matsalar zuciya da kuma tsarin zuciya. Decanƙarawar da marasa lafiya suka bayar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje abu ne mai sauƙi kuma yana ɗauke da adadin bayanai kaɗan. Wannan yana ba ku damar tantance matakin lafiyar ku da kanku, kafin tuntuɓi ƙwararrun likita.

Menene wannan gwajin cholesterol?

A cikin gwajin jini na gaba daya, ba shi yiwuwa a gano kwayoyin cholesterol. Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta don gano su. Ya bayyana cholesterol “mara kyau”, wanda ke nuna haruffa babban birnin halayen magungunan halittu.

An nuna wannan binciken ga mutanen da suke zargin cutar atherosclerotic a cikin ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki. Latterarshen na iya bayyana alamun bayyanar cututtuka masu zuwa:

• Matsi na motsa jiki. An lura dasu yayin aunawa tare da ma'aunin tonometer da alamomin rakodi a cikin rubutaccen bayani na musamman. Idan systolic da dastolic hawan jini ya karu a kai a kai, muna magana ne game da hauhawar jini akan asalin cutar atherosclerosis.
• Dizziness, paresthesia, da lalata hankali. Kwayar cutar ta bayyana lokacin da ƙwayar atherosclerotic ta isa babban jirgi da ƙananan jijiyoyin tsakiya ko na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki.
• Rage numfashi. A bango daga asalin cutar hawan jini, “zuciya” take bayyana. An kwatanta shi da karuwa a ventricle hagu - lalata shi. Mai haƙuri yana haɓaka gazawar numfashi.
• Cyanosis na nasolabial alwatika. Cyanosis na distal phalanges na yatsun manya da ƙananan yatsunsu sukan shiga tare dashi. Wannan yana nuna rashin ƙarfi ga oxygenation na waɗannan sassan jikin mutum.
• Inganta capillaries, veins da arteries a karkashin fata farfajiya. Sau da yawa a lokaci guda ana lura da bugun jini.
• Deterioration na mnestic ayyuka na haƙuri. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ikon yin tunani, tuna da sabbin abubuwa da tuna tsoffin.

Shiri don kisa

Ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ke shan kwayoyin halitta a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Musamman shiri kawai ake buƙata daga mai haƙuri. Kwana kafin gwajin, mai haƙuri dole ne ya daina cin kitse da abinci mai soyayye, abinci tare da babban abun ciki na abubuwan kiyayewa, masu kwantar da hankali, kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya. A ranar da za a ziyarci dakin gwaje-gwaje, mara lafiya ya kamata ba karin kumallo. Zaka iya sha ruwa kawai ba tare da iskar gas ba. Bai kamata mutum ya wuce gona da iri da aikinsa da tunaninsa ba. Duk wannan na iya shafar asalin sa na hormonal da kuma homeostasis na gaba daya na jiki. Yin watsi da dokokin shiri yana tattare da sakamakon karya da kuma bukatar sake yin nazari.

Yaya ake yin ta?

Ana gudanar da gwajin jinin likita don cholesterol a cikin ɗakunan bincike na musamman a ƙarƙashin yanayin bakararre.Don tattara cikakken wuri na kayan nazarin halittu, mahaukacin ya sanya tarko a hannun mara lafiya ya nemi mai haƙuri yayi motsi tare da wannan reshe, kamar dai yana matsa mai fadada ne. Bayan haka, an watsar da faren yawon shakatawa kuma an yi wani irin fitsarin jijiya. Bayan tattara adadin adadin jinin da ya dace, an rufe akwatunan injin sannan an aika su zuwa mataki na gaba. A cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ƙwararru suna ƙoƙarin gano ƙwayoyin lipoproteins masu ƙarfi, ƙasa da ƙasa sosai, ƙwayoyin cholesterol da triglycerides a cikin kayan jini.

Yaya ake nuna cholesterol a cikin sakamakon?

Don ingantaccen launi, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda aka rubuta kowace alamar. Kuma idan a cikin nazarin kwayoyin halitta ana nuna jimlar cholesterol ta kalmar “lipids”, to, a takaice rubutattun kalmomi ana rubuta su ne ga sassancinta. Wannan raguwa yana bawa likitoci damar fahimtar sunan wanda ake buƙata na atomatik. Ationirƙirar cholesterol a cikin gwajin ƙirar ƙwayar cuta shine taƙaitaccen bayanai ga ƙayyadaddun ka'idojin likita ko waɗanda ke cikin Latin, waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin tebur:

Don ƙayyade ƙimar cholesterol, ana yin nazarin ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ko kuma amfani da na'ura mai ɗauka tare da kayan gwaji. Sakamakon zai zama ma'asumi idan aka shirya sosai. Ana ɗaukar abu da safe, a kan komai a ciki. Yana da mahimmanci biyan bukatun:

• ware barasa a rana,
• kada ku ci har sai hanya 12 hours,
• kar a sha taba
• cikin kwana biyu ki ki cin abinci mai kiba,
• Kafin aikin, shakata, kwantar da hankali.

Bayanin Manuniya

Akwai ka'idojin shekaru don taro na ƙwayoyin cholesterol. Misali, a cikin jarirai, ana daukar 3.5 mmol / L a matsayin ƙimar al'ada, kuma a cikin yara ƙuruciya wannan alamar tana tashi zuwa 5 mmol / lita.

Irin waɗannan rikice-rikice suna faruwa ne saboda haɓakar jiki, kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin littafin kimiyya a cikin mujallar Atherosclerosis da Dyslipidemia. Yanke shawara a cikin manya mafi sau da yawa yana ba da kurakurai, tun da abun ciki a cikin jini na kwayar cholesterol, lipoproteins na yawancin halaye da triglycerides ya dogara da hanyar rayuwa, halayen hormonal da nau'in shekaru. Misali, a cikin mata, LDL da VLDL sun sami damar girma yayin haila, ciki da lactation. Alamar al'ada a gare su shine 3.5, yayin da maza - 4.8 mmol / l.

Yanke shawara game da gwajin jini don cholesterol

Matsakaicin cholesterol a cikin jini daga jijiya zai dogara da kayan aiki na dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma dabi'u na iya bambanta. Dabi'u za su bambanta ga manya da yara, maza, mata. Darajar ta shafi ciki, tana tashi a cikin tsofaffi. Ilimi yana da mahimmanci - menene matsayin cholesterol a cikin jini - tunda yana da mahimmanci a kan hanyoyin jiki. Tare da halartar wannan abun yana faruwa:

• mai metabolism
• tsari na metabolism a matakin sel,
• kitse mai kitse
• samuwar serotonin, bitamin D,
• metabolism
• samuwar kwayoyin halittar jima'i.

Wannan abun daga hanta ana jigilar shi ta jiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na abinci mai gina jiki - abubuwan gina jiki. Kashi na uku na shi yana cikin tsari kyauta. Nazarin akan abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na lipoproteins ana kiransa rawar jiki kuma yana hada da alamomi da yawa. An yarda da jerin abubuwan da ke nuna cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini:

• Chol - jimlar cholesterol ko cholesterol,
• HDL - HDL - yawan kuɗaɗen lipoproteins,
• LDL - HDL - ƙananan ƙarancin lipoproteins,
• TG - TG - triglycerides.

Akwai tunanin mummunan, cholesterol mai kyau. HDL - an dauki mara kyau. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar filayen magudanar jini. Rashin lafiyar zuciya na iya faruwa, duwatsun a cikin nau'in na mafitsara. Haɓaka shi yana haifar da abinci mai ƙima. Alamar nuna alama ga mata ba ta da ƙasa da - 1.02 mmol / l. Ga maza, har zuwa 1.49 mmol / L. Kuna iya rage ƙimar ta hanyar abinci, hana abinci mai ƙima, sukari. Aiki na jiki, magunguna na musamman - statins, zasu taimaka ragewa.