Nau'in 1 da nau'in 2 mellitus na ciwon sukari

Idan an kamu da cutar sankara, guda nawa suke rayuwa da ita, ba kowa bane ya sani? An ƙaddara tsammanin rayuwa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta nau'in cutar. Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan cuta guda 2, ba su da magani, amma ana iya gyara su. Fiye da mutane miliyan 200 a duniya suna fama da cutar sankara, mutane miliyan 20 suna mutuwa daga gare ta kowace shekara. A cikin sharuddan mace-mace, ciwon sukari mellitus yana ɗaukar matsayi na 3 bayan oncology da cututtukan zuciya. A Rasha, kashi 17% na yawan jama'a suna fama da wata cuta. Kowace shekara 10 yawan marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari a duniya ya ninku biyu kuma cutar ta ci gaba da yin ƙaramin ƙuruciya - wannan lamari ne mai banƙyama.

Yanayin matsalar

Shekaru nawa masu ciwon sukari? Akwai tabbatattun abubuwan ƙarfafawa: a cikin 1965, marasa lafiya da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 suka mutu a cikin 35% na lokuta da wuri, yanzu suna rayuwa sau biyu muddin, adadinsu ya ragu zuwa 11%. A nau'in na biyu, marasa lafiya suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 70 ko fiye. Don haka yin imani ko a'a yarda da ƙididdigar al'amari al'amari ne na zaɓin kowa. Endocrinologists, lokacin da masu haƙuri suka tambaye shi tsawon lokacin da suke zaune tare da ciwon sukari, sun ce ya dogara da tsananin, amma kada ku shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai game da ma'anar wannan kalmar. Kuma duk abin da ake buƙata shi ne yin gargaɗi game da abinci, aikin jiki da kuma buƙatar magani na dindindin.

Ya juya cewa wasu daga laifin laifin rage rayuwar marasa lafiya ya ta'allaka ne da kwararru.

Lokacin da ake bincikar cutar sankara, rayuwa takan cigaba kuma kai kaɗai zaka iya tsawanta. Ya kamata a dauki yiwuwar cutar nan da nan kuma ba tsoro game da wannan. An bayyana wadanda ke fama da cutar sankara ta hanyar likitan tsohuwar Girka Demetros, to wannan cutar ana kiranta asarar danshi, saboda mutum yana yawan jin kishi. Waɗannan mutane sun rayu kaɗan kaɗan kuma sun mutu kafin su cika shekaru 30; su, kamar yadda ya bayyana a yanzu, suna da ciwon sukari na 1.

Kuma nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ba kawai ya kasance ba, saboda mutane basuyi rayuwa da shi ba. Yaya batun yau? Tare da nau'in 1, zaka iya rayuwa tare da ciwon sukari cikakke kuma yadda yakamata, kuma tare da nau'in 2 zaka iya kawar dashi gaba ɗaya na dogon lokaci. Amma mu'ujizai ba su zo da nasu ba, dole ne a halitta su. Tushen cutar ita ce ganyen huhu (pancreas) gland shine yake daina jure aikinsa na samarda insulin ko kuma ya samar dashi a kullun, amma ba kwayoyin halittar dake dauke da kwayoyin halittar ba.

Type 1 ciwon sukari

Ana kiran shi insulin-dogara, saboda tare da shi samar da hormone ta gland shine yake tsayawa. Wannan nau'in ciwon sukari yana da wuya sosai (kawai cikin 10% na lokuta), ana gano shi a cikin yara da matasa. Ya samo asali daga gado mara kyau ko bayan kamuwa da kwayar cuta, idan ya haifar da rashin aiki a cikin jiki. A wannan halin, tsarin garkuwar jikin dan adam ya tona asirin kansa wanda kwayoyin garkuwar jiki suka fara lalata shi kamar baƙon. Tsarin yana da sauri, glandar da ta lalace ta daina aiki, kuma ba a samar da insulin ba. A irin wannan yanayin, jiki dole ne ya karbi insulin daga waje don kula da rayuwa.

Type 2 ciwon sukari

Amma wannan shine ainihin ciwon sukari, wanda kowa ya ji da kuma abubuwan glucose wanda yawanci ana tallata shi. An yi rajista ne bayan shekara 40-50. Yana da abubuwanda ke haifar da manyan abubuwan guda biyu - magada da kiba. Tare da wannan nau'in insulin, amma ƙwayoyin ba su ɗaukarsa, saboda haka ana kiran shi insulin-resistant. Anan hormone kansa baya yin ayyukan. Wannan ilimin haɓakar cuta yana haɓaka a hankali, a hankali, mutum zai iya sani na dogon lokaci cewa yana da ciwon sukari, alamun cutar suna da sauƙi.

Ko da wane nau'in, alamun ciwon sukari har yanzu sun zama ruwan dare:

• increasedarin fama da ƙishirwa, da yunwa kullun,
• mai nauyi, gajiya, da rana,
• bushe bakin
• urination ya zama mafi m
• sikari ya bayyana akan fatar saboda yawan itching,
• har ma da kananan siket na warkar da talauci.

Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin nau'ikan guda biyu: a farkon lamari, mai haƙuri yana asarar nauyi da sauri, tare da nau'in 2 - yana samun mai.

Insidiousness na ciwon sukari ya ta'allaka ne a cikin rikitarwarsa, kuma ba a kanta ba.

Mutane nawa ke rayuwa tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2? A nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, mace-mace sau 2.6 ta fi ta mutane lafiya, kuma a nau'in 2, sau 1.6. Tsammani na rayuwa ga masu ciwon sukari na 1 shine kadan bayan shekaru 50, wani lokacin yakan kai 60.

Groupsungiyoyi masu haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankara

Wannan yana nufin waɗanda ke fuskantar matsanancin ciwon suga, waɗannan sune:

• giya
• masu shan sigari
• yara ‘yan kasa da shekara 12
• matasa
• tsofaffi marasa lafiya da atherosclerosis.

A cikin yara da matasa, an ba da rahoton nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari. Yaya tsawon rayuwar su zata kasance, gaba daya ya dogara da ikon iyayensu da kuma ilimin likitanci, saboda yara a wannan zamani basu iya fahimtar girman yanayin ba, a garesu babu wani ra'ayi game da mutuwa daga cin Sweets da shan soda. Irin waɗannan yara ya kamata su sami insulin don rayuwa, kullun (kuma akan lokaci).

Idan zamuyi magana game da masu shan sigari da masu son barasa, to ko da tare da ingantaccen lura da duk sauran shawarwari, zasu iya kaiwa shekaru 40 kawai, wannan shine lalata waɗannan halayen 2. Tare da atherosclerosis, bugun jini da gangrene sun fi yawa - irin waɗannan marasa lafiya suna wanzuwa. Likita zai iya tsawaita rayuwarsu ne tsawon shekaru.

Me zai faru a jikin mutum tare da yaduwar "farin jini" ta cikin tasoshin? Da fari dai, ya fi girma, wanda ke nufin cewa nauyin da ke kan zuciya yana ƙaruwa sosai. Abu na biyu, sukari yana hawaye da bangon jijiyoyin jini, kamar kuliyoyi suna tsage kayan daki.

Hanya suna yin tsari a jikin bangon su, wanda nan take suna cike da cikekken lamuran kwalasta. Shi ke nan - sauran sun rigaya yatsa. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa ciwon sukari da farko yana shafar tasoshin jini, yana haifar da canje-canjen da basu canzawa ba. Don haka barayin, da warkar da cututtukan mahaifa, da makanta, da cutar mara lafiya da sauransu - duk hakan na da cutarwa. Bayan wannan, tsarin tsufa a cikin jiki yana tasowa tun shekaru 23, wannan ba makawa ga kowa. Ciwon sukari yana haɓaka wannan tsari a wasu lokuta, kuma farfadowar sel tayi ƙarewa. Wannan ba labarun tsoro bane, amma kira ne don aiki.

Don rayuwa tsawon rai, watakila kawai tare da tsauraran matakan kula da sukari na jini, abinci da aikin jiki.

Mafi girman matsayi da mummunan aiki ga masu ciwon sukari ana buga su ta hanyar damuwa da tsoro game da "yadda ake rayuwa tare da shi", kazalika da ƙara yawan motsa jiki. Suna tsokanar da sakin glucose kuma suna daukar karfin marassa lafiya don yin gwagwarmaya, an saki cortisol din hormone a cikin jini, wanda yake haifar da tsalle-tsalle a cikin karfin jini, jijiyoyin jini sun lalace, wanda hakan ke kara dagula lamarin.

A rayuwa, mai ciwon sukari yakamata ya kasance mai hankali da kwanciyar hankali, wanda aka tattara a cikin tunani da ayyuka. Don haka, tare da nau'in 1, ƙarƙashin kulawa da kullun na sukari na jini, bin duk shawarwarin, marasa lafiya za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 60-65, kuma na uku daga cikinsu zai rayu sama da 70. Hadarin da ke tattare da nau'in 1 shine na iya haifar da cutar sikari, kuma Hanyoyin da ba a iya juyawa ba suna faruwa a cikin kodan da zuciya. Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya ya kamata su sami munduwa a hannunsu suna nuna alamun cutar, to motar asibiti ta isa ga kiran wasu za ta kasance mai sauƙi don samar da taimakon da ya dace. Don guje wa yanayin ilimin hawan jini, mutum ya kamata ya sami wadatattun allunan glucose tare da shi. Mai haƙuri tare da ƙwarewa a matakin ƙwarewa zai iya fahimtar cewa lokaci ya yi da ya kamata ya gudanar da insulin, wanda yake so ya kasance tare da shi.

Har yaushe suke rayuwa da ciwon sukari 1? Matan da ke dogara da insulin suna rayuwa shekaru 20, maza kuma sunkai shekaru 12 kasa da takwarorinsu na lafiya. Wadannan marasa lafiya sun dogara gaba ɗaya akan ƙaunatattun su, akan tsananin kulawarsu.

Game da nau'in na biyu

Wannan shine nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari, wanda aka gano sau 9 sau da yawa fiye da nau'in 1, bayan shekaru 50 da haihuwa, lokacin ban da ƙwarewar rayuwa, akwai cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da yawa. Sanadin hakan na iya zama gado da mummunan halin rayuwa. Wataƙila ba za a iya samun alamun bayyanar ba, amma mutum ba zato ba tsammani mutum ya fara mope tare da tsarin zuciya da tsalle cikin karfin jini. Matsayi na biyu shine ilimin koda Lokacin da ake bincika irin waɗannan marasa lafiya, sukan bayyana nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari.

• shanyewar jiki, ta hanyar lalacewa,
• zakarya,
• retinopathy (lalacewa ta baya tare da makanta),
• yanki na wata gabar jiki
• mai ƙoshin hepatosis
• polyneuropathies tare da asarar hankali, sakamakon shi ƙwayar tsoka, ƙwaƙwalwa,
• rauni na trophic.

Irin wadannan marasa lafiya yakamata a sami karfin jini da sukarin jini a karkashin kulawa. Don tsawaita rayuwa, mutum dole ya bi tsarin aikin magani. Yakamata ya sami isasshen hutu ya sami isasshen bacci, akan lokaci kuma ya ci daidai. Dole ne a mutunta tsarin mulki a ko'ina, ba tare da yin la’akari da wurin zama ba. 'Yan uwa yakamata su karfafa mara lafiya, kada su kyale shi ya yanke kauna.

Dangane da ƙididdiga, ana iya faɗaɗa tsawon rai a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 tare da madaidaicin salon rayuwa. Zai rage shekaru 5 kawai idan aka kwatanta da marasa-rashin lafiya - wannan ne hasashen. Amma wannan yana cikin yanayin tsarin mulki. Haka kuma, mace-mace a cikin maza ya fi girma, saboda yawanci mata kan fi bin dukkan bukatun. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari yana ƙara haɗarin cutar Alzheimer bayan shekaru 60.

Carbohydrate metabolism bashi da matsala ta ma'anar cewa sel sun zama marasa hankali ga insulin kuma basa iya shiga cikin su.

Yin amfani da glucose baya faruwa, kuma a cikin jini ya fara girma. Sannan kuma koda yana jinkirta dakatar da samarda insulin kwata-kwata. Akwai buƙatar samun shi daga waje (a cikin matsanancin yanayin cutar). Mutane nawa ne masu ciwon sukari suke rayuwa a yau? Wannan yana tasiri da salon rayuwa da shekaru.

Girma da sabuntar masu cutar sankarau sanadiyyar cewa akwai tsufa gaba ɗaya na yawan mutanen duniya. Wata matsalar ita ce tare da kayan aikin zamani na yau da kullun, al'adun mutane sun canza gaba ɗaya na dogon lokaci: har yanzu suna zaune a wurin aiki, a gaban kwamfyuta, ƙarancin motsa jiki, yawan cin abinci mai sauri, damuwa, damuwa mai ƙoshin lafiya, da kiba - duk waɗannan abubuwan suna motsa alamu ga matasa. Kuma wata gaskiya: yana da fa'ida ga masu harhada magunguna ba su kirkirar maganin cutar sikari ba, ribar ke bunkasa. Sabili da haka, an saki magunguna waɗanda ke taimakawa kawai bayyanar cututtuka, amma ba ku cire sanadin ba. Don haka, ceton mutane nutsuwa aiki ne na waɗanda nutsar da kansu, har zuwa babban adadin. Kada ku manta game da aikin jiki da abinci.

Yawan glucose a cikin jini yana ƙayyade matakan 3 na tsananin ciwon sukari: m - sukari na jini har zuwa 8.2 mmol / l, matsakaici - har zuwa 11, mai nauyi - sama da 11.1 mmol / l.

Rashin ƙarfi tare da Type 2 Ciwon sukari

Rabin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 2 an rasa su tawaya. Masu haƙuri kawai waɗanda ke sa ido a kan lafiyar su a hankali za su iya guje wa wannan. Don ciwon sukari na matsakaici, lokacin da dukkanin gabobin mahimmanci suke har yanzu suna aiki a koyaushe, amma an lura da raguwa a cikin aikin gaba ɗaya, ana ba da rukunin nakasassu na har zuwa shekara 1.

Bai kamata marasa lafiya suyi aiki mai haɗari ba, yayin lokutan tafiyar dare, cikin mawuyacin yanayin zafin jiki, suna da sa'o'in aiki na yau da kullun kuma suna tafiya kan tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci.

A cikin matakan ci gaba, lokacin da mutane ke buƙatar kulawa a waje, ana ba da rukunin 1 ko 2 marasa aiki.

Jagororin Abinci na masu ciwon sukari

Abincin abinci ya zama dole har ma da rayuwa. Matsakaicin BZHU a cikin kashi ya kamata: 25-20-55. An ba da fifiko ga carbohydrates ɗin da suka dace, yana da kyau a yi amfani da kitse na kayan lambu. Wajibi ne a iyakance yawan amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki, ware samfuran da sukari, kar a manta da bitamin da ma'adanai. Recommendedarin shawarar fiber, hatsi da ganye suna bada shawarar.

Rashin rikitarwa na kullum

Matsalar ci gaba tare da shekaru na rashin lafiya tare da ciwon sukari na 2. Jirgin ruwan ya riga ya shafe wannan lokacin, jijiyoyi yana ƙare, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar mara nauyi. Sakamakon waɗannan ayyukan, gabobin ciki suna lalata a hankali - waɗannan sune kodan, zuciya, fata, idanu, ƙarewar jijiya, da kuma tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Kawai dai su daina aiwatar da ayyukansu. Idan ya shafi manyan jiragen ruwa, to akwai barazanar kwakwalwa. Lokacin da suka lalace, ganuwar ta kunkuntar cikin lumen, ta zama maras kyau, kamar gilashin, baƙonsu ya ɓace. Ciwon sukari (neuropathy) na haɓaka bayan shekaru 5 na sukari jini.

Footafarin mai ciwon sukari yana tasowa - ƙafafu sun rasa hankalinsu, ya zama kumburi, kumburi, ƙwayar cuta ta tashi a kansu. Kafafun mai haƙuri ba za su ji ƙonewa ba, kamar yadda ake yi da ’yar wasan Natalya Kustinskaya, wacce ke da ƙafafu a daren duk bayan ta faɗi ƙarƙashin batirin mai zafi, amma ba ta ji daɗin hakan ba.

Tare da ciwon sukari mellitus 2, nephropathy yana cikin farkon wuri a cikin mace-mace, cututtukan zuciya da ido suna bi. Na farko ya shiga cikin lalacewa na koda, ana iya buƙatar sashin ƙwayar cuta, wanda, bi da bi, an cika shi da sababbin rikice-rikice yayin aikin. A kan fata a wuraren hargitsi da gumi mai yawa, furunlera yana tasowa.

Masu ciwon sukari yawanci suna da hauhawar jini, wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa mai ƙarfi ko da a cikin lokacin hutawa na daren, wanda ke ƙaruwa da haɗarin bugun jini da ɓarkewar ciki. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa bugun jini a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yafi sau da yawa a cikin kullun a rana tare da tushen lambobin jini matsakaici.

Rabin masu ciwon sukari suna haifar da cututtukan zuciya da wuri tare da babban asibiti.

Amma a lokaci guda, mutum bazai iya jin zafi a zuciya ba sakamakon cin zarafin ƙwayar nama.

Rashin jijiyoyin jiki a cikin maza suna haifar da rashin ƙarfi, kuma a cikin mata zuwa frigidity da bushewar mucous membranes. Tare da ƙwarewar kwarewar cutar, alamun rashin hankalin kwakwalwa a cikin nau'in encephalopathy yana haɓaka: halayyar rashin damuwa, rashin daidaiton yanayi, ƙara yawan tashin hankali da amo. Wannan sananne ne musamman da hawa da sauka na sukari. A ƙarshe, masu haƙuri suna haɓaka wa kankuwar cuta. Haka kuma, raunin jujjuyawar waɗannan alamomin kamar haka: tare da ƙarancin sukari, kuna jin ciwo mafi muni, amma babu ƙarancin ciki, tare da sukari mai yawa, zaku iya jin daɗi, amma raunin tunani ya haɓaka. Retinopathy mai yiwuwa ne, wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da makanta.

Yin rigakafin rikitarwa da tsawan rayuwa

Mabuɗin lafiyar shine lura da tsarin yau da kullun. Masanin ilimin kimiyar halittu zaiyi bayanin komai - sauran kuma ya dogara da iyawar ku. Yanayin rayuwar masu cutar siga yakamata ya canza sosai. Muguwar yanayi da motsin zuciyarmu gaba daya an cire su. Dole ne mutum ya zama mai kyakkyawan fata da koyon rayuwa ta daban. Ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko cutar cutar, amma ana samun damar dogaro da abubuwan da ke haifar da fadada rayuwa.

Yaya ake zama da masu ciwon sukari? Shan magunguna yakamata a haɗe shi da maganin ganye (teas da infusions na ganye). Kulawa da jini da fitsari a kai a kai domin sukari, yin aiki da tsari na yau da kullun tare da hutawa da bacci mai kyau, da kuma ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun ana buƙatar. Yaya ake zama da masu ciwon sukari? Koyi yin zuzzurfan tunani da annashuwa. Babu buƙatar ɗaukar wuce haddi magunguna.

Wannan na iya haifar da rikice-rikice daga gabobin ciki, tunda dukansu suna da tasirin sakamako. Rayuwa tare da ciwon sukari gaba ɗaya ta kawar da magani na kai da tsarin sarrafa allurai. Kada ku zalunci kanku da tunani game da cutar, kar ku manta da more rayuwa, dangi da yara. Yi izinin kanka ga ayyukan safiya. Abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar siga da salon rayuwa suna da alaƙa da ma'ana.

Karkashin dukkan waɗannan abubuwan, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 5 na rayuwar ku, da kuma nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 - 15, amma duk wannan daban-daban. Rayuwar marasa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar sankara sun haura shekaru 75 zuwa 80. Akwai mutanen da suke rayuwa duka shekaru 85 da 90.