Yadda ake kirkiro cholesterol a jikin mutum: tsarin samarda mummunan tasirin cholesterol

Cholesterol wani fili ne wanda tsarinsa mai kama da giya ne. Yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na membranes tantanin halitta, ya zama dole don kira na bitamin D, hormones steroid, bile acid. Yawancin cholesterol (wani suna na cholesterol kalma ce) wanda jiki ne yake yin shi, karamin sashi ya fito ne daga abinci. Babban matakan "mummunan" sterol yana da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar cututtukan zuciya.

Norm na cholesterol a cikin jini

Matsayi na cholesterol na yau da kullun yayi daidai da ƙimar matsakaicin mai nuna alama ta samu ta hanyar yawan taro na ƙimar lafiya, wanda shine:

• ga mutum mai lafiya - bai wuce 5.2 mmol / l ba,
• ga mutanen da ke da ischemia ko bugun zuciya na baya ko bugun jini, ƙayyadaddun da aka ba da shawarar ba su wuce 2.5 mm / l,
• ga waɗanda ba sa fama da cututtukan zuciya, amma suna da dalilai masu haɗari guda biyu (alal misali, tsinkayewar jini da ƙarancin abinci) - ba fiye da 3.3 mmol / l.

Idan sakamakon da aka samu ya wuce matsayin da aka ba da shawarar, an tsara ƙarin bayanin martaba mai amfani.

Ana ganin canje-canje na lokaci-lokaci a cikin cholesterol na al'ada. Nazarin lokaci-lokaci na iya zama koyaushe ba zai haifar da maida hankali ne ga wani mutum ba, don haka wani lokacin yana iya zama mahimmanci don sake yin nazarin bayan watanni 2-3.

Concentara yawan taro yana ba da gudummawa ga:

• ciki (ana bayar da shawarar gwajin jini a kalla watanni 1.5 bayan haihuwa),
• abun da ake ci ya hada da tsawan azumi,
• yin amfani da kwayoyi tare da corticosteroids da androgens,
• Yaduwar abinci a cikin abincin yau da kullun na samfuran cholesterol.

Ya kamata a lura cewa kewayon ƙwayoyin cholesterol suna da alamomi daban-daban ga maza da mata, waɗanda ke canzawa tare da shekaru. Haka kuma, kasancewawar mutum a cikin wani takara na iya shafar yawan lipids. Misali, kabilun Caucasoid suna da alamun da ke nuna cholesterol sama da Pakistan da Hindu.

Iri cholesterol a jikin - lipoproteins

Cholesterol mai kamar barasa ne. Sterol baya narkewa cikin ruwa, amma yana ba da ranshi sosai don narkewa a cikin fats ko abubuwan daskararren abubuwa. Jinin jini shine kashi 90-95%. Saboda haka, idan cholesterol yayi tafiya a cikin jijiyoyin kansa, zai yi kama da digo mai. Irin wannan digo na iya taka rawar thrombus kuma yana toshe ƙwayar karamin jirgin ruwa. Don hana wannan halin, ana ɗaukar ƙwayar cholesterol ta hanyar abubuwan ɗaukar ma'adinai - lipoproteins.

Lipoproteins tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda ya kunshi mai, sashin furotin, da kuma phospholipids. Abubuwan da ke cikin jini, dangane da girman, ayyuka sun kasu kashi 5:

• chylomicrons sune manyan kwayoyin halitta tare da girman 75-1200 nm. Suna da mahimmanci don ɗaukar abincin triglycerides, cholesterol daga hanji zuwa kyallen,
• lowpo yawa na lipoproteins (VLDL, VLDL) - babban aji na lipoproteins mai girman 30-80 nm. Suna da alhakin canja wurin triglycerides wanda hanta ya kera ta zuwa kyallen na yanki, zuwa mafi ƙarancin cholesterol.
• Tsarin lipoproteins na tsaka-tsaki na tsaka-tsaki (STD) - wanda aka samo daga VLDL. Girman kwayar ta 25-25 nm. "Rayuwa" na dan kankanin lokaci. Ayyukan ba su bambanta da ajin da ta gabata ba,
• low lipoproteins low (LDL, LDL) - ƙananan ƙwayoyin 18-26 nm a cikin girman, suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban atherosclerosis. A wannan aji ne ke kwashe mafi yawan kwayar cholesterol daga hanta zuwa kwayoyin jikin mutum,
• babban lipoproteins mai yawa (HDL) sune ƙaramin aji na lipoproteins (8-11 nm). Mai alhakin isar da cholesterol daga yadudduka na waje zuwa hanta.

Babban taro na VLDL, HDL, LDL yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis, rikicewar cututtukan zuciya da cututtuka, da kuma raguwar HDL. Groupungiyoyin farko na lipoproteins ana kiranta atherogenic ko cholesterol mara kyau, na biyu - antiatherogenic ko cholesterol masu kyau. Jimlar duk abubuwan lipoproteins, ban da chylomicrons, ana kiranta jimlar cholesterol.

Yadda ake kirkiro cholesterol a cikin jiki, wanda gabobin suke samar da sinadarin sitiriy na biosynthesis

A asalin sa, gabaɗaya jikin mutum ya kasu kashi biyu.

• endogenous (80% na jimlar) - An samar dashi ta gabobin ciki,
• m (alimentary, abinci) - ya zo tare da abinci.

Inda aka samarda cholesterol a jikin mutum - ya zama sananne ne kwanannan. Asirin masana harkar sinadarai ya bayyana ne a tsakiyar karni na karshe ta masana kimiyya guda biyu: Theodore Linen, Conrad Blok. Don gano su, masana kimiyyar ilimin halittu sun samu kyautar Nobel (1964).

Hanta tana da alhakin samar da babban sashin cholesterol a jiki. Wannan sashin kwayar halitta yana aiki kusan kashi 50% na jikin mutum. Ragowar cholesterol ana samar da kwayoyin halittun hanji, fata, kodan, hanji, da gonad. Jiki yana buƙatar acetate don samar da cholesterol. Tsarin samar da abu wani tsari ne mai matukar rikitarwa, wanda ya kunshi matakai 5:

• kira na mevalonate dangane da abubuwa uku na acetate,
• kira na isopentenyl pyrophosphate,
• samuwar squalene daga kwayoyin 6 daga cikin kewayenenyl pyrophosphate,
• samuwar lanosterol,
• yi hira da lanosterol zuwa cholesterol.

A cikin duka, tsarin cholesterol biosynthesis yana da halayen fiye da 35.

Yawan kuzarin sinadarai ya dogara da lokacin rana. Yawancin ƙwayoyin cholesterol ana samarwa da dare. Saboda haka, magungunan da ke toshe kwayar cutar sinadarai (steins) ana ɗaukar su kafin lokacin bacci. Gaskiya ne, ƙarnukan da suka gabata na statins suna da ikon yin dantse a jiki na dogon lokaci. Ganin su ba ya dogara da lokacin dawowa.

A jikin mutum, ana samar da mafi yawan cholesterol don samar da bile acid. Suna hada hanta. Ana amfani da ƙaramin sashi akan samuwar sel membranes. Jiki yana ciyar da dan kankanin adadin sinadarin jiki a jikin kwayar halittar hormones, Vitamin D.

Ayyukan cholesterol a cikin jiki

Cholesterol yana da muhimmanci ga jikin mutum don rayuwa ta al'ada. Mafi yawan sterol din suna dauke da sel masu kwakwalwa. Har yanzu ba a yi nazarin rawar da ke cikin cholesterol ba. Sabbin wallafe-wallafe suna bayyana akai-akai, suna tilasta masana kimiyya suyi dabam da kayan.

Ayyukan cholesterol sun kasu kashi biyu:

Ayyukan tsarin shine ikon cholesterol don haɗuwa cikin membran cell. Sterol ya zama dole ga dukkanin sel na jiki, tunda yana ba da membranes wani tsayayyen tsari, yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin zuwa yanayin zafi daban-daban.

Wannan tsari yana da kyau kwarai da gaske cewa yanayi yayi amfani dashi don gina ganuwar kwayar halitta kusan dukkanin kwayoyin, ban da tsirrai, fungi, da prokaryotes. Hakanan, cholesterol ya zama dole don sel su tsara ikon da membrane ke ciki don ions hydrogen, sodium. Wannan yana ba ku damar kula da yanayi a cikin tsarin.

Fat mai kama da giya mai haɗari ne na ruɓaɓɓiyar ƙwayar myelin wanda ke kiyaye ayyukan sel jijiyoyin da ke aika da jijiyoyi daga jijiyoyi zuwa ƙwayar cuta. Godiya ga wannan tsari, ana kiyaye shinge daga atoms, kwayoyin. Ragewa yana taimakawa jijiyoyin su yada daidai, yadda yakamata.

Ayyukan metabolism na cholesterol shine amfani da sterol a matsayin kayan albarkatu don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da ake buƙata don jiki: bile acid, hormones steroid, bitamin D. Kwayoyin hanta suna da alhakin haɗarin acid bile, glandon steroid - glandar adrenal, glandar jima'i, da Vitamin D - fata.

Tsarin metabolism na cholesterol na jikin mutum

1. Abinda ke tattare da cholesterol a jiki shine yake daukar hanta, ga karancin fata, hanjin ciki, gabobin adrenal, al'aura. Samuwar sterol na buƙatar acetyl-CoA, wanda kowane tantanin halitta yake da shi. Ta hanyar canji mai sauƙi, ana samun cholesterol daga gare ta.
2. Glandar jima'i da glandon adrenal nan da nan suna amfani da cholesterol don hadaddun kwayoyin, da fatar - kan bitamin D. Hashin hanta ya samar da sinadarin bile acid daga jikin kwayar, yana hade da VLDL.
3. VLDL an rabu da ruwa sosai. Wannan shine yadda ake tsara HDL. Tsarin hydrolysis yana haɗuwa tare da raguwa a cikin triglycerides, haɓaka cholesterol.
4. Idan kwayar ta buƙaci ƙwayar cholesterol, tana nuna alamar wannan ta hanyar tarin masu karɓa na LDL. Lipoproteins suna tare da su, sannan kwayar ta kwace. A ciki, akwai rarrabuwa na LDL, sakin mai.

Yankasar cholesterol metabolism a cikin jiki

1. Enzyme na pancreatic yana shirya esters cholesterol don ɗaukar ciki.
2. Kwayoyin intestinal suna aiwatar da abubuwan da ke cikin cholesterol don kara jigilar kayayyaki, suna tattara kwayoyin zuwa cikin chylomicron. Tsarin ƙwayar jijiyar jirgi shine 30-35%.
3. Chylomicrons sun shiga tashar lymphatic, suna matsawa zuwa bututun thoracic. Anan, lipoproteins suna barin tsarin lymphatic, yana motsawa cikin jijiyar subclavian.
4. Chylomicrons sun yi hulɗa tare da tsoka da ƙwayoyin mai kuma suna tura fats na tsaka tsaki a gare su. Bayan haka, ana cire su daga cikin jini ta sel hanta, wanda ke cire cholesterol daga lipoproteins.
5. Hanta tana amfani da jigilar ƙwayoyi don haɗawa da ƙwayar cuta ta VLDL ko bile acid.

Yawan fitowar cholesterol

Yankin ƙwayoyin cuta na cholesterol ya ƙunshi daidaita tsakanin yawan barasa da jiki ke buƙata da matakinsa na ainihi. Jirgin mai wuce gona da iri an cire shi daga ƙwayar HDL. Su adsorb kwayoyin, suna jigilar shi zuwa hanta. Cholesterol-dauke da ƙwayoyin bile suna shiga cikin hanji, daga inda ake fitar da ƙari mai yawa a cikin feces. Wani sashi mara amfani na giya mai dauke da giya an kebe shi ne a cikin fitsari yayin fitar da jijiyoyin, tare da yanke hukunci na epithelium.

Ofaukaka metabolism na metabolism

Canjin cholesterol a cikin jiki yana aiki da ka'idodin amsawa. Jikin mu yana nazarin sinadarin cholesterol din na jini kuma ko dai yana kunna sinadarin HMG-CoA reductase, ko kuma toshe ayyukanshi. Wannan enzyme yana da alhakin ɗaukar ɗayan ɗayan matakan farko na aikin kwayar halitta. Gudanar da ayyukan HMG-CoA reductase na iya hana ko haɓaka samuwar cholesterol.

An hana yin amfani da sinadaran sitiri ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin LDL ga masu karɓa. Akwai shaidu game da tasirin homon a kan aikin samar da giya. Gabatarwar insulin, ƙwayar thyroid yana ƙara yawan aikin HMG-CoA redutase, da glucagon, glucocorticoids inhibits.

Yawan tasirin cholesterol yana shafar yawan sinadarin daskararre. Yawancin abincinmu ya ƙunshi cholesterol, ƙarancin jikin yana haɗuwa da ƙirƙirar abu. Abin sha'awa shine, kawai yanayin hanawa na hepatic ya hana. Ayyukan ƙwayoyin sel na hanji, hanta, glandar, da gonads duk ɗaya suke.

Babban tsarin magunan cholesterol a jikin mutum.

Matsayi na cholesterol a cikin haɓakar atherosclerosis

An dade da sanin alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakin ɓangarorin ɓoyayyen ɗan lipid da lafiyar mutum. Babban matakan lipoproteins na atherogenic (VLDL, LDL) suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtukan zuciya. Irin wannan juzu'in hadaddun-mai-gina jiki yana da yiwuwa a zauna a bangon jijiyoyin jini. Wannan yana haifar da ƙwayar cuta ta atherosclerotic. Idan ya takaita sosai ko toshe jigon jirgin ruwa, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin zuciya, da karancin yaduwar jini na kafafu.

Mafi yawan rikice-rikice na atherosclerosis - rauni na jijiyoyin zuciya, bugun jini, ƙwayar ƙafafun ƙafa suna haɓaka tare da cikakkiyar ƙulli ko matse cikin plaque / thrombus tare da rufewar tasoshin jini. Aortic atherosclerosis na iya haifar da canji ko katsewar jirgin ruwa.

HDaramin HDL ba shi da haɗari ga ƙaura a bangon jirgin ruwa. Akasin haka, suna taimakawa cire cholesterol daga jiki. Sabili da haka, babban matakin su shine alama mai kyau.

Dogaro da haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis akan ƙwayar cholesterol.

Don ƙayyade haɗarin, rabo tsakanin ɓangarori daban-daban na abubuwan cholesterol.

Bile acid

Kowane rayayyen halitta yana da nasa nau'in takamaiman tsari na-bile acid. All acid bile acid sun kasu kashi:

• na farko (cholic, chenodeoxycholic) sune hanta ke sarrafa su daga cholesterol,
• sakandare (deoxycholic, lithocholic, allocholic, ursodeoxycholic) - an samo su ne daga microflora na hanji na farko,
• tertiary (ursodeoxycholic) - An haɗa shi daga sakandare.

Wasu daga cikin bile acid din, bayan sun shiga cikin hanjin, sai su narke a baya, jigilar jini zuwa hanta. Ana kiran wannan aikin sake amfani da su. Yana ba jiki damar amfani da bile acid sau da yawa, yana tanadin kuzari akan aikin sababbi.

Bile acid suna da muhimmanci, da farko, don yawan fitsarin abinci, kawar da yawan kiba.

Vitamin D - bitamin da yawa, wanda shine cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol. Na farko yana hade da ƙwayoyin fata dangane da cholesterol, na biyu ya kamata ya zo tare da abinci. Babban aikin bitamin D shine yawan amfani da alli, phosphorus daga abinci. An yi imani da cewa yana daidaita haihuwa, metabolism, kuma yana ƙarfafa tsarin wasu kwayoyin halittu.

Rashin bitamin D an bayyana shi ta hanyar rickets. Rashin ƙarfi na dogon lokaci yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kansa, yana ƙara haɗarin osteoporosis, ƙara haɗarin cututtukan zuciya, yana raunana tsarin rigakafi. Mutanen Obese suna yawan samun cutar hypovitaminosis D.

Rashin bitamin yana tsoratar da cigaban cututtukan psoriasis, vitiligo, da wasu cututtukan cututtukan fata. Akwai tabbacin cewa raunin yana da alaƙa da matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ciwon tsoka, da rashin barci.

Abinda cholesterol ana ɗauka al'ada ne a cikin mata

Cholesterol shine abu mai-mai mai kama daga ajizan abinci (mai-mai narkewa) giya. Wannan fili shine ɗayan tsaka-tsakin samfurori na metabolism na filastik, wani ɓangare ne na sel membranes, shine kayan farawa don haɗuwa da adadin hormones da yawa, gami da jima'i.

Abubuwan da dan adam ke bukata na yau da kullun shine kimanin g 5 Kusan kashi 80% na abubuwanda suke bukata a cikin hanta, sauran kuwa sun samu ne daga abincin asalin dabbobi.

Babu yawan cholesterol a jikin mutum, hadaddun wannan abun tare da sunadarai na jigilar kayayyaki suna cikin jini. Irin waɗannan hadaddun abubuwa ana kiransu lipoproteins. Ofayan mahimman halayen lipoproteins shine yawa. Dangane da wannan alamar, an kasu kashi biyu cikin ƙananan wadataccen lipoproteins (LDL da HDL, bi da bi).

Ctionsungiyoyin ida

Lipoproteins na ƙwararru daban-daban ana rarrabasu a al'ada zuwa "mai kyau" da "mummunan" cholesterol. Sunan na al'ada "mummunan cholesterol" sun karɓi maɓuɓɓuka na ƙarancin yawa. Wadannan mahadi suna da alaƙa da daidaitawa a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini. Yayinda cholesterol ke tarawa, toshewar ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki yana raguwa, abinda ake kira plaques akan lokaci, kuma atherosclerosis yana tasowa. Tare da haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin wannan juzu'in na lipoproteins, yana da daraja sauya abubuwan da ke cikin abinci don hana haɓakawa da ci gaba da raunuka na atherosclerotic.Tare da gano cutar atherosclerosis, cututtukan zuciya, bayan bugun jini ko bugun zuciya, wannan manuniyar ya kamata a sarrafa ta sosai. Ga lafiyayyen mutum, halatta abun ciki na LDL cholesterol shine 4 mmol / L, tare da babban haɗarin haɓaka cutar zuciya - ba fiye da 3.3 mmol / L, tare da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya - ba sama da 2.5 mmol / L ba.

Ana kiran manyan hadaddun kwayoyin suna “mai kyau” cholesterol. Wadannan hadaddun abubuwan ba sa fadada a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini; bugu da kari, akwai wata shaida game da tasirin tsarkake su. HDL yana tsabtace ganuwar jijiyoyin jini daga adon cholesterol "mara kyau", bayan haka ana zubar da tarin mahaifa a cikin hanta. A al'ada, abun ciki na HDL kada ya zama ƙasa da ƙwayar LDL, idan rabo ya canza, wannan yana nuna kuskure a cikin abincin.

Tare da shekaru, haɓaka na halitta a cikin cholesterol na jini yana faruwa, amma idan matakinsa ya wuce ƙimar shekaru, wannan alama ce mai ba da tsoro. Kwayar cholesterol na iya nuna alamun ɓoyewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jiki, da kuma haifar da abubuwan da ake bukata don haɓakar atherosclerosis.

Abubuwan haɗari

Abubuwan haɗari don haɓaka cholesterol a cikin jini sun haɗa da halaye na rayuwa, gado, kasancewar wasu cututtuka ko ƙaddara musu.

Hanyoyin metabolism na lipid suna sarrafawa ta hanyar halittar mutum 95, kowane ɗayan na iya lalacewa yayin maye gurbi. Ana gano rikice-rikice na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa tare da yawan 1: 500. Kwayoyin cuta masu lalacewa suna bayyanar da kansu azaman rinjaye, don haka kasancewar matsalolin iyali tare da cholesterol a cikin ɗayan ko duka iyayen suna nuna babbar yiwuwar irin waɗannan matsalolin a cikin yara.

Cholesterol a cikin abinci yana da mahimmanci, amma ba maɓalli ba, rawar. Musamman ma kula da abinci mai dauke da kwalayen kwayoyi mutane ne masu ɗaukar nauyi.

Rashin ayyukan motsa jiki shima abu ne mai tayar da hankali. A lokaci guda, rage karfin metabolism, wanda a dabi'ance yana haifar da karuwa a cikin abubuwan "mummunan" cholesterol.

Cholesterol mara jini na iya haɗuwa da cututtukan hanta, koda da glandar glandar ku. Abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin cholesterol daga al'ada a cikin mata bayan shekaru 40 suna nuna kasancewar damuwar latent a cikin aikin gabobin.

Haɗin nauyin wuce kima tare da rikicewar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a fili shine ainihin abin da ke haifar kuma menene sakamakon, ba a kafa ƙarshe ba.

Suna haifar da karuwa a cikin taro na cholesterol a cikin jini, shan sigari da hauhawar jini.

Factorsarin ƙarin abubuwan da ke ƙara rikitarwa cikin tarihin mai haƙuri, yakamata a sarrafa matakin cholesterol. Don kiyaye matsayin cholesterol na yau da kullun, mace bayan shekara 50, dole ne ta sami ƙaramin ƙoƙari fiye da na samartakarta. Daga cikin ingantattun matakan kariya shine gyaran abinci. Nama mai abinci da kayan kwalliya dole ne a yi watsi dasu. A kan tebur, kifin ruwan teku mai wadatacce na omega-3 mai kitse yana da kyawawa.

Kyakkyawan rigakafin matakan cholesterol shine mai yuwuwar aiki na jiki.

Matsayi na cholesterol, shine manyan masu samar da abubuwan lipoproteins ga jikin mutum

1. Tasiri mai amfani ga jikin mutum
2. C Harta a cikin jini
3. Manyan mutanen da ke samar da abinci mai guba na jiki
4. Dacewar abinci mai kyau shine mabuɗin don tsayi da ƙarfi

Don fahimtar menene cholesterol, menene tasirinsa ga jiki, kuna buƙatar sanin shi sosai. A zamaninmu ba zaku yi mamakin kowa da magana game da ma'anar wanda magabatan mu basu sani ba. A yawancin, cholesterol yana hade da kai tsaye tare da tasoshin jini, falle, atherosclerosis, bugun zuciya da bugun jini. Amma ba duk abin da yake da sauƙi kamar yadda ake tsammani da farko.

Cholesterol yana cikin sel, kasusuwa da gabobin dukkan halittu masu rai. Iyakar abin da aka ban kawai sune namomin kaza da mara amfani da makaman nukiliya Uku uku na jimlar kayan shine jikin mu yake samarwa, kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu ɗin abinci ne kawai yake fitowa. Yawancin gabobin jiki suna cikin aiki a cikin ci gaban sa.

Tasiri mai amfani ga jikin mutum

A jikin mutum babu wani abin al'ajabi daga haihuwa. Kuma koda yanayin halitta ya haifar da wannan hadadden hadaddun, to wannan aikin tabbatacce ne kuma amfanin sa suna da matukar muhimmanci:

• Abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ake aiwatar da tsarin nazarin halittu: bile acid an haɗu a cikin hanta. Suna da hannu a cikin sarrafawa da narke abinci na mai mai yawa.
• Muhimmin rawar da cholesterol ya taka wajen karfafa membranes din kwayar halitta. Kawai cholesterol na bayar da karfin su, taurin su da tsawan su.
• A cikin jikin mace, an samar da estradiol daga gare ta - hormone na jima'i da ke da alhakin aikin haihuwa, haihuwar ɗa, lafiyar mata da kyau. Madara mai nono tana da wadatar sinadarai. Ba a bada shawarar asarar nauyi mai nauyi a cikin lokacin kafin hailarta ba, tunda matakan cholesterol zasu ragu tare da mai, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da raguwar samarda estradiol. A sakamakon haka, tasoshin da aka toshe, gashin da ke bushe, kusoshi, ƙasusuwa da keɓaɓɓu.
• Idan ba tare da shi ba, kwayar bitamin D, kwayoyin halittar adlandal gland, hormones na jima'i ba zasu yi ba.
• Yana ɗayan abubuwa guda ɗaya na sel na kashin baya da kwakwalwa.
• Yana kula da matakin ruwa a sel kuma yana jigilar kayan abinci ta hanyar membranes cell.

Matsayi na cholesterol a cikin lafiyayyen mutum ana kiyaye shi a kullun ƙimar saboda hanyoyin rayuwa
kwayoyin. A lokaci guda, abin da ake kira cholesterol abinci yana zuwa tare da abinci, kuma a cikin jikinsa an samar da mafi yawan jikinta daga fats da carbohydrates.

Ka'idojin yau da kullun na kwalara (0.6 g), wanda aka kawo da abinci, a zahiri ba ya shafar matakin a cikin jini, amma amfani da shi sama da na yau da kullun na iya shafar alamomin dakin gwaje-gwaje, musamman tare da rikice-rikice na rayuwa a jiki.

C Harta a cikin jini

Idan metabolism ya lalace, yawan lipoproteins din-kadan yana ƙaruwa, da bi,
yawan HDL kuma an rage shi, wanda a biyun yana haifar da wuce haddi mai yawa na tasirin cholesterol a cikin tasoshin da kuma samuwar atherosclerotic plaques. Wannan sabon abu yana haifar da jijiyoyin bugun bugun jini. Tituna suna rage kokewar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin bugun gini kuma, tarawa, rage sharewa da kuma jigilar abubuwa.

Thewanƙwasawar hankali a hankali yana haifar da haifar da ƙwanƙwasa jini wanda ke toshe jini yana gudana ta hanyar manyan jijiyoyin, tasoshin, da aorta. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa thromboembolism, yana da wahala, kuma yana buƙatar mafi yawan likitocin da suka kware sosai.

Tushen cholesterol ga jikin mutum

Don aiki na yau da kullun na jikin mutum, wajibi ne don karɓar abubuwan gina jiki a kai a kai. Yanayi cholesterol yana shiga jiki da abinci wanda yake da wadatar wannan abinci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan samfurori ne da aka dogara da kitse na dabbobi ko ƙwayoyin mai mai transgenic fat.

Babban hanyoyin da ke cikin cholesterol sune nama mai kitse, man alade, kayayyakin tsiran alade, abubuwan sarrafawa, man shanu, margarine. Abubuwan abinci masu sauri suna da wadatar abinci a cikin cholesterol (hamburgers, faransan faranti, pasties, farin nama, soyayyen soyayyen nama da sauran kayayyaki masu kama). Mahimmancin wannan kayan sun ƙunshi samfuran mai kiba, ƙoshin ƙwai.

Yawan cholesterol a cikin abinci ya dogara da hanyar shiryawa. Abubuwan da aka yi jita-jita ta hanyar dafa abinci, yin burodi, ko hurawa suna ɗauke da ƙarancin cholesterol fiye da abincin da aka soyayyen mai da mai. Idan mutum ya ci abinci ba tare da jituwa ba tare da izini da yawa, to, a cikin lokaci na jikinsa akwai cin zarafin mai.

Wanne kwayoyin ke samar da cholesterol

Duk da yawan ƙwayar cholesterol tare da abinci, babban sashinta an kafa shi a jikin mutum. Wannan shi ake kira m cholesterol.

Babban jikin da ke da alhakin haɗin wannan abun shine hanta. Bayan cin abinci, mai mai shigowa a ƙarƙashin aikin bile acid yana ɗaukar farkon raba cikin triglycerides da kuma tsatsar tsaka tsaki. Wannan tsari yana ci gaba a karamin hanji. Ta hanyar jijiyoyin bugun jini wanda ke kan bangon sa, ana amfani da mayukan mai mai kauri a cikin jini kuma ana jigilar su zuwa hanta hanta ta hanyar hepatocytes. Ragowar kitse ana jigilar su zuwa babban hanji, wanda zai cire su daga jiki tare da feces.

Baya ga hanta, tsarin kwaɓin na cholesterol ya ƙunshi hanjin ciki, ƙodan, glandon ciki, da gland na jima'i.

A hepatocytes ƙarƙashin aikin enzymes cholesterol an kafa su. A wuri guda, hulɗa da ƙwayoyin mai tare da abubuwan haɗin furotin yana faruwa. Sakamakon wanda shine samar da lipoproteins. Waɗannan ƙananan sassan ƙwayoyin cholesterol ne. Litpoproteins sun kasu kashi biyu:

• Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (LDL), waɗanda ke da ƙananan nauyin nauyi na kwayoyin. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, waɗanda, saboda karɓar kitse mai ƙarfi, suna samar da filayen girke-girke waɗanda aka ɗora su sau da yawa akan bangon jijiyoyin jini na zuciya ko cikin kwakwalwa. Wannan yana haifar da ci gaban atherosclerosis da rikitarwarsa.
• Manyan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins masu yawa (HDL), waɗanda suke da babban tsarin ƙwayar ƙwayar jiki. Kwayoyin wannan abun sunada yawa a jiki, suna da yanayin kauri. Saboda ƙananan abun ciki na mai mai, HDL na iya ɗaukar LDL daga endothelium na jijiyoyin jiki, yana canza su zuwa hepatocytes. A can, LDL an lalata kuma an zubar dashi. Wannan kayan aikin na halitta yana ba ku damar kusanci hana ci gaban lalacewa na jijiyoyin bugun gini.

Domin cholesterol don aiwatar da ayyukanta, dole ne a sami daidaito tsakanin LDL da HDL. Idan metabolism na lipid ya rikice, wannan daidaitaccen ma'aunin yana juyawa zuwa haɓaka LDL. Dangane da haka, yawan yaduwar HDL yana raguwa, wanda ya cika tare da haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.

Me yasa cuta na narkewar ƙwayar cuta a jiki ke faruwa

A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, jikin mutum yana tallafawa tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a matakin da ake buƙata. Amma a cikin mummunan yanayi, metabolism din ya rikice, wanda ke haifar da sakamako wanda ba a so. The Pathology na lipid metabolism haɓaka ƙarƙashin rinjayar da yawan abubuwanda basu dace ba. Ba daidai ba salon rayuwa, kasancewar jaraba (shan sigari, sha’awar wuce gona da iri ga masu shaye-shaye), rashin motsa jiki, rashin cin abinci mai ƙoshin abinci, giya, rashin kiyaye tsarin mulkin aiki da hutawa.

Rashin damuwa akai-akai yana haifar da rushewa a cikin mai mai, wanda ke haifar da karuwar cholesterol. Yawancin lokaci, mutum ya fara "kama" damuwa tare da abincin takarce, yana karɓar motsin zuciyarmu daga wannan. A lokaci mai tsawo, wannan yana haifar da tara ƙarin fam, wanda mummunan mummunan tasiri kan cholesterol.

Cholesterol wani abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda zai zama hanya mai mahimmanci ga al'amuran al'ada na jikin mutum. Amma wuce gona da iri, kamar kuma rashinsa, yana haifar da mummunan sakamako.

Don ƙayyade taro na cholesterol, wajibi ne don a yi gwajin jini na musamman - bayanin martaba. Tare da abinci na yau da kullun, lura da tsarin yau da kullun, ingantaccen aiki na jiki, da kuma rashin yanayi mai damuwa, matakin wannan abun zai zama al'ada. Kuma wannan yana nuna cewa jiki zai kasance lafiya!

Yaya ake samarda cholesterol a jiki?

Samuwar cholesterol ya dogara da aikin al'ada na hanta. Wannan sashin jiki shine mafi mahimmanci a cikin samar da lipoproteins mai yawa (mai kyau "cholesterol"). Bugu da kari, ana samar da wani sashi na mahadi a cikin karamin hanji da sel. Yayin rana, hanta tana samar da 1 gram na abinci mai yawa.

Idan kwayar ba ta samar da wannan kwayar ta isa sosai ba, to lipoproteins daga hanta ana aika su kai tsaye zuwa ga jini ta hanyar tsarin jini. Misali, wadannan sel kwayoyin halitta ne (ana amfani da lipoproteins wajen samar da kwayoyin hodar iblis).

Hankalin hanta da sauran tsare-tsaren suna dauke da kusan kashi 80 na cholesterol da ake bukata don rayuwar dan adam. Ragowar kashi 20 na cikin abincin da aka samo daga dabbobi. Haka kuma, mafi yawan “mummunan” cholesterol (lipoproteins tare da dan kadan mai yawa) yana zuwa da abinci.

Wadannan juzu'ai na kayan ne kawai a wani bangare suna narkewa cikin ruwa, laka mai rauni wanda yake raguwa a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini a cikin hanyar plaques, wanda daga karshe zai haifar da ci gaban cututtukan zuciya.

Tsarin kirkiro cholesterol a cikin hanta

Don samar da ƙwayoyin tsoka mai yawa a cikin hanta, manyan lambobi daban-daban suna faruwa. Tsarin cholesterol yana farawa da kira na mevalonate (abu na musamman). Mevalonavic acid an kafa shi daga gare ta, ba makawa a cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa.

Bayan samuwar ta a cikin wadataccen adadin, hanta tana fara aiwatar da kirkirar isoprenoid, wanda shine tushen yawancin kwayoyin halittu. Bayan hada wadannan abubuwan, an kirkiro squalene. Furtherarin cigaba, ana samar da lanosterol daga gareshi a tsarin aikin, wanda yake shiga halayen da yawa a lokaci guda kuma ya samar da cholesterol.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids suna hade da manyan kwayoyin halittar guda uku: cortisone, hydrocortisone, aldosterone. Tsarin su ya haɗa da ƙarar steroid, mai bayarwa wanda shine cholesterol. Duk corticosteroids ana yin su ta glandar adrenal. Cortisol mallakar glucocorticoids, da aldosterone - mineralocorticoids.

Glucocorticoids suna da tasiri mai aiki:

• Anti-damuwa, anti-shock. Matsayinsu ya tashi tare da damuwa, zubar jini, girgiza, raunin da ya faru. Suna haifar da jerin halayen da ke taimakawa jiki ya tsira daga matsanancin halin: ƙara yawan karfin jini, ƙwarewar ƙwayar zuciya, ganuwar jijiyoyin bugun jini zuwa adrenaline, da hana haɓaka haƙuri ga catecholamines. Glucocorticoids yana ta da kwayar halittar sel jini, wanda ke taimaka wa jikin mutum da sauri ya yi asarar jini.
• Metabolic. Matsayin cortisol, hydrocortisol yana shafar metabolism metabolism. A ƙarƙashin tasirin hormones, matakinsa ya tashi, ana yin aiki da glucose daga amino acid, ana hana garkuwa, ana amfani da sukari ta hanyar gabobin, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin glycogen. Glucocorticoids suna ba da gudummawa ga riƙewar ions sodium ion, chlorine, ruwa, ƙara haɗarin alli, potassium. Hormones na wannan rukunin yana rage ji da jijiyoyin jijiya zuwa kwayoyin halittar jima'i, hodar iblis, hanjin girma, insulin.
• Immunoregulatory. Glucocorticoids sun sami ikon hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na rigakafi, don haka ana amfani dasu azaman immunosuppressants a cikin cututtukan autoimmune. Hakanan suna rage yawan eosinophils - ƙwayoyin jini da ke da alhakin abubuwan rashin lafiyar, abubuwan da ake kira aji na immunoglobulins Sakamakon haka, ana samun tasirin ƙwayar cuta.
• Anti-mai kumburi. Dukkanin glucocorticoids suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi na maganin kumburi. Sabili da haka, sun kasance kullun abubuwa ne na maganin maganin kumburi iri-iri.

Aldosterone ana kiranta hormone antidiuretic. Bai yarda da sodium, chlorine, ion ruwa ya kasance daga jiki ba, yana haɓaka sakin ion alli, yana ƙara ƙarfin kyallen takarda don riƙe ruwa. Sakamakon ƙarshen shi ne karuwa a cikin jini, haɓakar hawan jini.

Steroids na Jima'i

Babban steroids na jima'i sune androgens, estrogens, progesterone.A cikin tsarin su, suna matukar tunawa da corticosteroids, wanda ya kasance saboda magabata na gama gari - cholesterol.

Babban androgens - testosterone, androsterone suna haɓaka tsarin furotin, suna hana lalacewarsu. Abin da ya sa maza yawanci suna da yawan ƙwayar tsoka idan aka kwatanta da mata. Androgens yana ƙara yawan ƙwayar glucose ta ƙwayoyin jikin mutum, rage yawan adadin mai mai ƙyalƙyali, amma zai iya ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar ciki na ciki na maza. Kwayoyin jima'i na maza suna da tasirin atherogenic: suna rage abun ciki na HDL kuma suna kara LDL.

Androgens suna da alhakin tashin hankalin jima'i (maza da maza), ƙarfin tashin hankali. Yayin balaga, suna motsa bayyanar halayen jima'i na sakandare.

Estrogens yana kunna ci gaban mahaifa, mahaifa, fallopian mahaifa, kirkirar sifofin jima'i na sakandare, daidaita yanayin haila. Suna da iko don rage taro na LDL, jimlar cholesterol. Saboda haka, kafin haihuwar haila, mata sun sami kariya sosai daga haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis fiye da maza. Estrogens suna ba da gudummawa ga sautin, elasticity na fata.

Progesterone wani kwaro ne wanda ke daidaita yanayin haila, yana bayar da gudummawa wajen kiyaye juna biyu, da kuma sarrafa tayin mahaifa. Tare tare da estrogen suna inganta yanayin fata, yana sa ya zama mai santsi, supple.

Manyan mutanen da ke samar da abinci mai guba na jiki

Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana haifar da karuwa a cikin cholesterol jini, lalata jini, tasirinsu da kuma iyawar su. Harshen naman alade da naman sa, kayan tsiran alade da kayan kwalliya da man shanu: man shanu, kirim mai tsami, cream suna da ƙima.

Madadin kitsen dabba, kuna buƙatar amfani da ƙarin kayan lambu wanda ba a bayyana ba wanda ya ƙunshi lecithin da rage lolesterol mara kyau.

Dacewar abinci mai kyau shine mabuɗin don tsayi da ƙarfi

Idan kuna cin abinci mai dauke da cholesterol a cikin matsakaici, bazai cutar da lafiyar jiki ba kuma ba zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ba. Kowane dattijo ya yanke shawarar irin samfuran da zai fi so.

Har yanzu, mutum bai kamata ya yi watsi da shawarar masana masana abinci ba:

1. Jan kifi da abincin abincin teku,
2. Fatal mai fatal da naman sa,
3. Chicken da turkey (ba su da fata),
4. Ruwan da aka matse sosai
5. Namomin kaza
6. Porridge da casserole daga hatsi,
7. Kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries.

Cholesterol a jikin dan adam yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare sel da samar da tsari mai mahimmanci. Koyaya, matakin jininta yana buƙatar kulawa koyaushe, musamman tare da shekaru. Tare da haɓakawa, kuna buƙatar tunani game da farfadowa da abinci, rage cin abinci, canza hanyoyin rayuwa da kuma sake ƙididdigar dabi'u.

Tasirin cholesterol akan atherosclerosis.

Manuniya na cholesterol na jini da ka’idar sa yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da faruwar cutar atherosclerosis. Cutar tana sanannu ta hanyar ɗimbin ƙwayoyin kitse a cikin ƙwayar tsokoki da kunkuntar ƙwayar lumen don gudanawar jini. Hanyar haɓakar cutar atherosclerotic mai rikitarwa, amma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan.

Wuce ƙarancin ƙwayar cholesterol seeps ta bangon banki, na samar da mayuka masu narkewa, waɗanda suka zama yalwatacce, suka girma cikin lokaci kuma suka zama juzuwan atherosclerotic.

Samun tarin ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin ɓoye yana rage ƙwayar mai sannan ya kasance yana ɗaukar ƙwayar tsohuwa. Sakamakon haka, ƙwaƙwalwar mahaifa, da sifar dutsen da ke kan dutsen, wanda ke iya rufe jini gaba ɗaya. Bugu da kari, sassan wani abin fashewa da ke shiga cikin jini zai iya rufe karamin jirgin ruwa a kowane bangare na jiki, wanda zai kai ga ischemia na wani sashin jikin da aka ciyar dashi daga jirgin ruwan da aka toshe.

Fiye da 50% na mutuwar sune ke da alhakin tasirin cholesterol, wanda ya haifar da ci gaban atherosclerosis.

Yanke bayanai na bincike

Ainihin adadin da ke tantance adadin cholesterol bai wanzu. An yi la'akari da maida hankali ne a wani yanayi cikin mata da maza daban. Abubuwan raguwa daga kewayon a kowane bangare ana ɗauka azaman kasancewar ilimin halayyar cuta.

Manuniya na al'ada na cholesterol:

Tsarin LDL mafi yawanci yana nuna ci gaban atherosclerosis. Matakan cholesterol suna canzawa koyaushe. Girman su ya dogara da jinsi da shekarun mutum.

Teburin jini adadi na tebur.

Mummunar ƙimar da za a iya bincika bincike shine ƙananan matakin "kyakkyawa" da haɓaka matakin "mummunan" cholesterol. A cikin 60% na lokuta, ana lura da irin wannan haɗin LDL da HDL.

Baya ga lipoproteins, kamar yadda gwajin jini ya nuna, yanke hukunci a cikin manya ya hada da ba kawai cholesterol ba, har ma da triglycerides. Wadannan mahadi sune nau'in kitse na musamman, suna cikin aikin su kuma suna shafar lafiyar mutane.

Idan raunin triglycerides ya fi 2.29 mmol / l, wannan yana nufin haɓakar cututtuka:

• Ciwon zuciya na Ischemic
• hawan jini
• ciwon sukari mellitus
• gout
• cirrhosis da hepatitis
• kiba

Tarin TG yana faruwa yayin daukar ciki. Idan an rage abubuwan da ke cikin wadannan abubuwan, wannan na iya nufin cututtukan huhu da na koda, da kuma rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Ko da matakan lipid na jini sun kasance al'ada, ana yin la'akari da atherogenic index (IA) a cikin manya. Ana kirga cholesterol ta hanyar dabara ta musamman:

Idan kwatankwacin daidai yake da jimlar da ke ƙasa 3, to mutum yana da isasshen ƙwayar cholesterol mai kyau, "mai kyau," wanda zai iya kare matakan jini daga lalacewa. Valuesimar IA a cikin kewayon 3 zuwa 4 sunyi gargaɗi a babban haɗarin atherosclerosis. Idan mahaifa yana waje da yanayin al'ada, tsarin kula da marasa lafiyar marasa lafiya yana cikin cikakkiyar haɓaka.

Yaya samuwar cholesterol a jikin mutum?

80% na cholesterol an haɗu a cikin hanta, 20% muna samun abinci. Idan, lokacin yanke shawarar gwaji na ƙirar ƙwayar cuta, kun gano cewa kuna da ƙwayar cholesterol, da sauri bincika abin da kuke ci kuma ku ware daga abincin duk abincin da ke ɗauke da cholesterol. A talifi na gaba, zamuyi magana dalla-dalla game da abincin da ake samu na ƙwayar cholesterol.

Mutane da yawa sun ce sun ɗan ci abinci, kayan kwandon herculean, kifi, da kayan marmari ne kawai. Da kyau sosai! Shekararku nawa? Kuma yawancin su kuke ci sosai? Atherosclerosis tsari ne na dogon lokaci na lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki. Ya fara ne tun yana karami. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa allunan farko na atherosclerotic a cikin nau'ikan lemu a cikin ganuwar aorta sun bayyana a cikin yaro bayan shekaru 2.5.

Dole ne ku yarda cewa kun kasance kuna nesa da cin abinci koyaushe kamar yadda kuke ci a yanzu. Tabbas ƙaunar da herring, da dankali, da sha'ir da sauran farin ciki na tebur mai daɗi. Shekaru da yawa ba su ƙi wani abu da kansu ba, kuma a nan ne aka sami sakamako mai banƙyama - haɓakar jini.

Don haka! Idan ka fara cin abinci daidai, to, ka bi farkon dokar zinare na fada da cholesterol sosai kuma ka kiyaye jikinka daga cholesterol kamar 20%. Karka dauki maganata a zahiri. Har yanzu kuna buƙatar kitse

Amma har yanzu akwai sauran kashi 80%, waɗanda basa dogaro da muradinmu ko nufin mu! Ku san kanku cholesterol an haɗu da shi a cikin hanta har ma da kima. Gwajin jini da aka karɓa daga likita ya ba mu labarin wannan! Me zai yi? Yadda za a rage ƙananan ƙwayoyin cholesterol. Shin ko za mu iya yin tasiri kan wannan tsarin?

Ba wai kawai za mu iya ba, amma kawai dole ne, idan muna son yin rayuwa tsawon rai kuma ba mu shiga cikin adadin waɗannan 'yan uwan ​​talaka ba waɗanda ba su da sa'a kuma suna da bugun jini ko bugun zuciya. Yadda za a yi?

• Usearyata sigari, giya, vodka. Kasance mai zaman kansa, canza yanayin shaye-shaye. A sami gilashin lafiya mai kyau, jan giya mai kyau kafin abincin dare. An yi maraba da shi.
• Sanya Tsarin Rayuwa mai Lafiya a rayuwar ku ta yau da kullun, ba cikin kalmomi ba amma a aikace: yi ilimin motsa jiki, yin tafiya da yawa, ɗaukar banbanci da safe, ziyarci gidan wanka na Rasha, da dai sauransu. Ee eh abokai! Idan ka karanta waɗannan layin yanzu, sanya kanka, yarda, sannan ba abin da ya canza a rayuwarka, da kyau, wannan mummunan!
• Abincin da ya dace shine ainihin tushe a cikin kula da ƙwayar cholesterol. Za muyi magana game da wannan a wannan labarin.
• Kuma yanzu yana da mahimmanci a san yadda ake tsabtace hanta! Ina da blog post game madara thistle, artichoke. Karanta kuma ayi aikin tsaftace hanta. Wannan lamari ne mai mahimmanci a cikin yaki da yawan kiba.
• Magunguna na jama'a don rage ƙwayar cholesterol sun bambanta. Karanta labarin man gas na linseed kuma hada shi a cikin abincinka.
• Abokai, idan kun kasance kiba - wannan ba kyau bane! Wannan ba kawai ba ne mai daɗin ji daɗi ba, amma har da isasshen lafiya ga lafiya. Rage nauyi shine babban jagora a cikin yaƙi da atherosclerosis, riƙe ƙuruciyarku, kyakkyawa, da tasoshin lafiya.
• Idan amfani da wadannan dabaru a cikin rukunin cholesterol dinku ya ragu, ina taya ku murna! Yanzu ya rage kawai don kiyaye sakamakon da aka samu. Idan komai ya lalace, dole ne ka nemi shawarar likitanka kuma ka fara shan tabar wiwi ko wasu magunguna.

Fa'idodin cholesterol don lafiyar mu

Darajar kwalastar ga gabobinmu da tsarinmu suna da matukar girma:

• Cholesterol ya shiga cikin narkewar abinci mai yawa. A cikin hanta, ana amfani da sinadarin bile acid daga ciki, wanda ke fitarda mayukan mai da kuma raba su cikin mutum mai kitse da glycerin. Bayan wannan ne kawai suka shiga cikin jini.
• Ga mata, cholesterol gabaɗaya abu ne mai mahimmanci. Bayan haka, estradiol yana haɗuwa daga gare ta. A cikin ƙuruciya - wannan ƙwayar jima'i tana tallafawa aikin haihuwa, lafiya da kyakkyawa. Lokacin da lokacin haila ya fara, ba a ba wa mata shawarar su rasa nauyi kuma. Idan mai mai narkewa da sauri, ƙwayar cholesterol zata ragu tare da ita kuma estradiol zai daina samarwa. Sakamakon haka, kwayar cutar ba za ta ƙara kiyaye tasirin jininku ba, ƙashi da gidajen abinci, fata da gashi, kuma tsufa zai zo da sauri.

• Matsayi na cholesterol a cikin karfafa sel membranes na kowane bangare shine mafi mahimmanci. Ka yi tunanin abin da zai faru idan ƙwayoyin tantanin halitta cikin sauƙi suka fashe kuma abubuwan da ke cikin su suka bazu. Babu yadda za a yi tunanin irin wannan tunanin! Don haka, tsaurin membranes kawai yana samar da cholesterol.
• A ƙarshe, akwai wani aiki mai mahimmanci na cholesterol. Ana buƙatar shi don haɗin bitamin D da kuma hormones na adrenal cortex - cortisol, aldosterone da sauransu.

Cutar cholesterol don hanyoyin jini

Yawan ƙwayar cholesterol da hanta ba ta amfani da ita ya zauna a cikin jini kuma yana fara ajiye shi a bangon jiragen ruwan. Kamar yadda na ce, a lokacin ƙuruciya, bangon aorta yana cike da lipids. Samuwar ƙwayoyin sclerotic sune kamar igiyar ruwa. Abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna haɓaka tare da haɗin nama, sannan kuma an sake sanya lipids a wannan wurin. Ya zama kamar cake mai dumbin yawa na adibas mai kitse da kayan haɗin nama da ke haɗa su.

A hankali, tabo na lipid ya bazu zuwa jijiyoyin jini, subclavian, aorta, na artro carotid. Hakanan, aikin ya shimfiɗa zuwa duk jijiyar wuya. Ba a sannu a hankali filayen ya tsayar da jijiyoyin bugun jini Wannan yanayin ana kiranta shi da jijiyoyin wuya. Lokacin da plaque ya zama babba, farjinsa ya fara rauni kuma faratuttukan jini suka fara binsa.

Sakamakon jini wanda ya haifar da kara girman kwayar jijiya. Za a iya samun ɗayan cututtukan jini kuma a canja su zuwa gabobi masu mahimmanci, tare da rufe manyan tasoshin. Wannan halin ana kiransa thromboembolism kuma yana da matukar wahala. A ƙarshe, jirgin ruwa mai narkewa zai iya zubar da jijiyar wuya tare da ƙarar jini ko babban thrombotic, sannan suna magana game da jijiyoyin bugun jini na jijiyoyin bugun jini.

Abin da ya sa cholesterol yana da haɗari ga tasirin jininmu! Ya ƙaunatattun abokai, bai kamata ku ƙyale kanku don samun hauhawar ƙwayar jini ba. Ta kowane fanni, kuna buƙatar dawo da shi daidai.

Menene yakamata ya zama cholesterol na al'ada?

A cikin balagaggen, ƙwayar cholesterol shine - 3.5 - 5.23 mmol / L. Darajar kan iyaka shine 6.2. Babban - fiye da 6.2. A lokaci guda, a cikin maza underan kasa da 50 yana da dan kadan sama da na mata. A lokacin tsufa, wadannan alamomin ana daidaita su.

A cikin yara, matsakaicin matakin cholesterol shine 3.5.

A cikin binciken gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun na kowane mutum, sun ƙayyade jimlar cholesterol. Wani mahimmancin nuni da ke cikin shirye-shiryen nunawa don nuna damuwa ga cutar atherosclerosis shine matakin triglycerides. Ana nuna wannan alamar a hakori mai daɗi da kuma a cikin waɗanda ke cin abincin gari.

Yana nuna cin zarafin metabolism mai-mai, tunda da yawaitar abubuwan carbohydrates suna jin daɗin shiga cikin kitse, wanda shima, kamar cholesterol, na iya shiga cikin samarda magunan atherosclerotic plaques. A yadda aka saba, matakin triglycerides yana daga 2.2 zuwa 4.7 mmol / L.

Abinda ke daidaita cholesterol a jikin mutum

Bukatar jikin cholesterol ya kasance ne sabili da ɗawainiyar ayyuka masu zuwa:

• tallafawa kwanciyar hankali na membranes cell lokacin da aka nuna shi zuwa yanayin zafi / ƙarami,
• samar da kayan abu na asali don na sinadarin bile acid wanda yakamata domin narkewa,
• samar da bitamin D, wanda ake buƙata don sha da kalsiya da ƙarfi ga kashi,
• assimilation na mai-mai narkewa rukuni na bitamin, rigakafin rashi a jiki,
• hallara a cikin gland shine yake samar da kwayoyin halittun steroid, cortisol, cortisone, aldosterone,
• kira na hormones na mace da namiji (estrogen tare da progesterone da testosterone),
• Wajibi ne a aiwatar da masu karuwar serotonin a cikin kwakwalwa,
• kare sel daga radicals,
• muhimmiyar rawa a aikin garkuwar jiki da rigakafin cututtukan daji.

Sabili da haka, babban haɗari ga jiki ba kawai karuwa bane ga cholesterol, amma kuma ragewa zuwa daidai ko mafi girma. Don hana wannan, yana da mahimmanci don amsa tambaya wanne ne ke da alhakin cholesterol a cikin jiki da kuma kula da lafiyarsa.

Sanadin Canjin Kwayar Kwayar cuta

Daidaita sikarin cholesterol

Tunda kun rigaya kun san inda ake samar da cholesterol a jikin mutum, zaku iya ɗauka cewa canje-canje a matakin sa na faruwa ne ta hanta ko ƙonewar hanji. Baya ga cin zarafin abinci mai kiba sosai, ana kirkirar abubuwa daga dabi'un cholesterol saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

• Saboda rashin isasshen ƙwayoyin bile ta hanta, babban abin da yake ɗayan shine cholesterol, wanda ke haifar da wuce haddi, wanda daga baya ya zauna a cikin gallbladder a cikin nau'i na gallstones kuma yana samar da filayen cholesterol a cikin tasoshin jini na zuciya da kwakwalwa.
• Tare da raguwa a cikin samar da "mai amfani" na lipoproteins ta hanta saboda karancin furotin, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a yawan masu “cutarwa”.
• Idan ya ketare microflora na hanji, kamar yadda wani sashin jiki ma yake samar da cholesterol, wanda zai iya rage haɓakar sa, sakamakon abin da yake gudana na rigakafi da tsarin narkewar abinci ya tabarbarewa.
• Tare da wuce haddi na cholesterol a cikin abincin da aka cinye, lokacin da hanta kuma ya kunna aikinta, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun gini.
• Tare da tabarbarewa a cikin hanta ikon zuwa excrete bile, kuma da shi wuce haddi cholesterol, tare da feces, wanda yake shi ne cike da tarin a cikin kyallen takarda, jini da kai tsaye a cikin hanta, da ƙara hadarin haɓaka atherosclerosis, hepatosis mai, da dysbiosis saboda yawaitar kwayoyin cuta na kwayan cuta a cikin hanji.
• Sakamakon hauhawar jini. kiba, haɗarin cerebrovascular, tare da neoplasms a cikin hanta (alal misali, hemangiomas).

Idan an bi ka'idodin tsarin abinci mai inganci, kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cholesterol ta bambanta da al'ada, ana ba da shawarar yin gwaji don gano matsalolin ciki waɗanda ke haifar da irin waɗannan canje-canje.

Mahimmanci! Rashin isasshen ƙwayoyin cholesterol ta gland na jima'i, wanda yakamata ya samar da tsarin salula na jikin amfrayo, yana haifar da matsaloli a cikin juna biyu da haifar ɗa. Saboda rashin yiwuwar rarraba sel, tayin ya mutu ko ya ci gaba tare da abubuwa marasa ƙarfi.

Hanyoyin Normalization

Lokacin yanke shawarar babban / ƙananan matakan cholesterol a cikin mutum ta hanyar bincike na musamman (lipidogram), matakin farko yakamata ya kasance tare da tuntuɓar likita da haɗa kai tare da shi.

Matakan da za a kula da cholesterol suna kama da haka:

• Sau da yawa, don magance matsalar, ya isa don daidaita abincin. Baya ga warƙar abinci wanda ke ɗauke da ɗimbin kitse na dabbobi, yakamata a ƙara kayayyakin furotin zuwa menu - naman alade da kifi, ƙwai da sauran su.
• An bada shawarar cinye lecithin yau da kullun, wanda, kuma, ana samun shi a cikin ƙwai, wanda, tare da taimakon bile acid, yana hana cholesterol daga hazo.
• Idan canji a cikin abincin ba ya haifar da sakamako na yau da kullun, kuna buƙatar daidaita al'ada cholesterol tare da magunguna, waɗanda aka ɗauka a ƙarƙashin kulawa na likita kuma wani lokacin har tsawon rayuwarsu.

Daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki

Amma don kada a gano dalilin ɓacewar ƙwayar cholesterol daga al'ada tare da ƙarin kawarwa, yana da mahimmanci don guje wa yanayin da ke gaba: ku ci abinci mai daidaitacce da rarrabuwa, ku daina shan abubuwan maye (barasa, nicotine), samar da jiki tare da matsakaiciyar motsa jiki kuma ku guji yanayin damuwa.

Tsarin mahimmanci mai mahimmanci

Koyaya, na musamman cutar da mai abun da ke ciki za a iya musunta. Yana da mahimmanci la'akari da gaskiyar cewa kusan kashi 80% na abubuwan da aka gina ta kai tsaye ta jikin mutum. Hanta tana ɗaukar aiki a cikin wannan karatun. An tabbatar da cewa babu fiye da 20% na yawan abubuwan da ke cikin kashi wanda ke shiga cikin jini kai tsaye tare da abinci. Dukkanin tsarin suna aiki daidai idan daidaitaccen barasa mai narkewa a cikin jiki al'ada ne. Duk wani keta hakki na iya haifar da mummunar keta da rashin aiki. Misali, yawan cutar LDL akan adadin HDL yana kaiwa ga ci gaban jijiyoyin bugun gini. Yana da matukar wahala a rabu da duk waɗannan cututtukan ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya da madadin magani. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa samar da cholesterol a cikin hanta ya kamata ya faru a dabi'a, ba tare da keta dokokin aiki ba.

Ta yaya ake aiwatar da tsarin aiki?

Tsarin samar da barasa mai saurin rikitarwa yana da rikitarwa. Da farko dai, an kafa sashin da ake kira mevalonate. Ana samar da irin wannan sifan don haɓakar kwararar haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma abu ne da ba makawa a jikin ɗan adam. Bayan samuwar sunadaran a cikin wadataccen adadin, ana cigaba da halayen sinadaran, aka mai da hankali kan halittar isoprenoid. Wani abu mai kama da shi ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ɗayan abubuwan haɗin halittu masu rai da ke jikin mutum. Sakamakon samuwar hadaddun kwayoyin halitta guda shida, an kirkiro squalene, wanda shine tushen halittar lanosterol. Bayan hadaddun halayen sunadarai suka faru, sai aka samar da cholesterol.

Babban nau'ikan da ayyuka na abu

Tsarin samar da jini na mutum yana cike da ba tare da fili da kansa ba, wanda ake kira cholesterol, amma tare da cakuda shi da furotin na lipoprotein. A jikin mutum akwai nau'ikan abinci guda biyu na abinci mai guba:

• HDL (yawan yawa na lipoproteins) - abubuwa ne masu amfani,
• LDL (ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa) - abubuwa ana rarrabe su azaman abubuwan haɗari waɗanda ke "sanƙarar" jirgin ruwan ɗan adam.

Yana da karancin wadataccen lipoproteins wanda ke wakiltar babban haɗari ga aikin al'ada na jikin mutum. Suna jan hankali. wanda ya bayyana azaman lu'ulu'u ne na jini, na iya haɗu a cikin jini kuma yana saɓawa tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Ga mai haƙuri tare da babban taro na LDL a cikin jini, haɗarin haɓakar cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki yana ƙaruwa. Adadin ajiya mai yawa suna haifar da taƙaitaccen ƙwayar lumen, gudanawar jini na al'ada ta gabobin jiki masu mahimmanci. Hadarin cututtukan jini na kara yawaita. Abubuwan da aka yi kama da su, ko kuma karyewar su, na iya haifar da rashin zuwa ga jini (hrombosis).

La'akari da ayyuka na aiki mai amfani, yana da kyau a ambaci:

• tabbatar da samar da kwayoyin halittar jima'i,
• Rashin yawan lipoproteins mai yawa zai iya haifar da rushewar hanyoyin da ke faruwa a kwakwalwar mutum,
• kitse mai tsauri shine tushen kirkirar bitamin D,
• yana ba da kariya daga sel daga haɗuwa da sifofi kyauta,
• yana shiga cikin matakan tafiyar matakai.

Dangane da wannan bayanin, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa samar da cholesterol a cikin hanta yakamata ya faru ta hanyar dabi'a. Keta wannan tsari da dabara bai kamata ya kasance ba.

Babban dalilan karuwar taro

Ana iya fitar da fa'ida daga abu mai kyau, alhali kuwa mummuna yana haifar da cutarwa wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba ga dan adam. Increaseara yawan taro na mummunan abu na iya haifar da rikice rikice a cikin marasa lafiya na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba.

Samuwar cholesterol a cikin jiki yana faruwa ne saboda hanta, amma waɗannan hanyoyin, lokacin da aka fallasa su ga abubuwan da ke da illa, na iya lalata aiki.

Daga cikin jerin dalilan yiwuwar karuwar yawan barasa mai yawa sune:

1. Mafi yawan abincin mai mai yawa a cikin abincin mai haƙuri. Irin waɗannan abinci suna haifar da tara mai. Jikin ɗan Adam ba shi da ikon ciyar da duk abubuwan da ke shigowa pathogenic. Yana da mahimmanci a san inda ake da sinadarin cholesterol kuma a guji abinci iri ɗaya.
2. Juyarwa. Mutane da yawa suna fuskantar irin wannan matsalar. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ya kamata ku ci a cikin ƙananan rabo, amma sau da yawa. Irin wannan yanayin zai taimaka hana haɓaka haɗuwa da yawan barasa da kuma hana haɓakar kiba.
3. Masu cutarwa. A cikin hanta, "malfunctions" na iya faruwa idan mai haƙuri ya sha giya a adadi mai yawa. Ayyukan Nicotine yana aiki akan mutum ba hanya mafi kyau ba, kuma hanta, a matsayin nau'in tacewa, a wannan lokacin yana ɗaukar manyan kaya.
4. Yawan amfani da wasu magunguna. Duk wani sakamako na warkewa akan jiki ya kamata likita ya tsara shi.
5. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɓakar maida hankali ne abubuwan da aka kirkira an sanya su ne daga banbancin wasu cututtukan: hauhawar jini, cututtukan koda, cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, kasancewar hanyoyin tafiyarwa.
6. Tsarin gado. Hakanan kwayoyin halittar suna taka rawa a aikin aiwatar da kara yawan kwayar cholesterol a cikin jini.

Hankali! Yawancin jini yana yawan karuwa a cikin mutane masu ciwon sukari. Saboda rashin enzymes na pancreatic, wannan rukuni na yawan jama'a yakamata a kusanci batun abinci mai gina jiki.

Masana sun ce duka mata da maza na iya fuskantar haɓaka mahimmin alamomi a kowane zamani. Abin da ya sa ya kamata a sarrafa samar da cholesterol a cikin hanta ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje na musamman.

Binciken yana da amfani ga duk marasa lafiya a cikin shekaru 30, tare da kulawa ta musamman game da wannan batun ya kamata mutane da ke da alhakin ci gaban ilimin cututtukan cuta su kusanci su. Don bincike, ana amfani da kayan ƙirar halitta - jinin venous na mutum. Ba a buƙatar shiri na musamman don ƙaddamar da gwajin jini na ƙwayoyin cuta ba.

Hankali! Dole ne mai ilimin likitancin ya magance ma'anar sakamakon binciken. Likita ne kawai zai iya sanin daidai isasshen alamomin da aka samu na wani haƙuri. Kada ayi ƙoƙarin yankewa da kuma rububin magani bai kamata ba.

Tsarin aikin Lipoprotein

Tsarin samar da lipoprotein a cikin dan Adam abu ne mai kamshi. Kuna iya karya shi ta hanyar amfani da abincin da ba a ɗaukarsa. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa jikin jikin mutum lafiyayyen abu dole ne ya cinye duk abubuwan da ake buƙata na abubuwan ganowa:

Likitocin sun tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa gazawar samar da wadataccen abinci mai yawa na hanta na iya faruwa sakamakon karancin abincin mutane da kayayyakin dabbobi.

Dangane da bayanan da aka bayyana, yakamata a taƙaita - tsarin samar da cholesterol a cikin jiki shine mahimmancin tallafin rayuwa. Rashin nasarar wannan tsari ya ƙunshi haɓaka mummunan ciwo, yayin da haɗari don ragewa da haɓaka adadin LDL da HDL. Don rage hadarin kamuwa da cuta, ya zama dole a riƙa sanya idanu kan lokaci-lokaci kuma, idan akwai wani ɓacewa, ɗauki matakan warkewa a kan kari.