Iri ciwon sukari

Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, magani mara izini, wasu cututtuka na jiki da ƙaddarawar jini sune abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban ciwon sukari. Cutar tana da haɗari, tare da haɓakar ƙwayar jini tare da polyuria na gaba. Matsayi na 1 ciwon sukari mellitus yana tasowa a cikin yara masu ƙananan shekaru 30 da haihuwa.

Type 1 ciwon sukari

Ana kiran wannan nau'in ciwon sukari na gaskiya ko na ƙananan yara, kodayake mutum na kowane zamani na iya samun shi. Cutar cututtukan autoimmune ta asali yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin insulin, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar tsibirin Langerhans a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kuma, a sakamakon haka, ta lalata ƙwayoyin beta, waɗanda sune babbar hanyar samar da insulin.

Dalilin bayyanar

Ba a san ainihin ainihin abubuwan da aka san dalilin haifar da nau'in ciwon sukari 1 ba. Yawancin bincike na zamani sun nuna cewa a cikin wani ɓangaren lokuta, "kayan aiki" don kunna cutar shine sunadarai a cikin tsarin jijiya wanda ya shawo kan shingen kwakwalwa. Ana kai musu farmaki ta rigakafi kuma sun fara lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta da aka samar. Kwayoyin Beta waɗanda ke samar da insulin na hormone suna da alamomi waɗanda kusan iri ɗaya suke da irin waɗannan sunadarai, a sakamakon wanda suma lalata su suke yi, daga raguwa kaɗan cikin haɗuwarsu zuwa ga cikakken rashi.

An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa ƙarin abubuwan haɗari don ƙirƙirar nau'in 1 ciwon sukari mellitus sune cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar cuta, ƙarancin gado (a cikin kashi 10 na lokuta, ciwon sukari yana ɗaukar cutar daga ɗayan iyayen ga yaro), kazalika da gabatar da adadin abubuwa / kwayoyi daga streptozycin zuwa guba guba .

Bayyanar cututtuka da alamu

Nau'in nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ba kamar sauran nau'in ciwon suga ba, yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, wanda, in babu ingantaccen magani, ya juya cikin sauri. Tare da ƙara ƙanƙan jini a cikin jini, mai haƙuri yana jin ƙishirwa mai zafi da yawan urination. A cikin dare, yin gumi ba sabon abu ba ne, a lokacin da mutum yakan zama mai fushi, yanayinsa yakan canza. Mata a kai a kai suna fama da cututtukan farji na farji. Yayinda glucose ya tashi, alamu masu hankali suna fara bayyana - ɓacin rai lokaci-lokaci da tashin hankali. Rashin hankalin gani zai yiwu (a bayyane hangen nesa na farko).

Yayinda matakin sukari ya kusanci mahimmancin dabi'u, mai haƙuri yana haɓaka ketoacidosis tare da wari mai ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin, ƙarancin numfashi, saurin bugun zuciya, tashin zuciya, amai, da ƙonewa gaba ɗaya na jiki a kan asalin cututtukan hyperglycemia. Cutar sankarau da ke haifar da rikicewa, fitsari, da kuma karshema cutar sikari.

Siffofin jiyya

Wani fasali na lura da ciwon sukari na 1 shine tsarin kulawa na yau da kullun na insulin. Ko da mafi yawan zaɓaɓɓen abincin da aka zaɓa, abubuwan motsa jiki na yau da kullun da sauran ayyukan a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ba su ba da damar cikakken rama don ƙeta hadarin metabolism. An zaɓi sashi na insulin daban-daban, dangane da sakamakon bincike na haƙuri, abincinsa (tare da ƙididdigar yawan adadin carbohydrates da aka yi amfani da shi dangane da ƙimar XE), daidaitattun halaye na jiki da sauran abubuwan. Dole ne a sanya maganin a cikin rayuwarsa duka, tunda nau'in insulin-wanda ke dogara da ciwon sukari a halin yanzu na ci gaban magani ba shi da magani gaba daya, yayin da sauran hanyoyin warkewa suna nufin daidaita yanayin mai haƙuri, rage ƙwayar magungunan da ake gudanarwa tare da kawar da haɗarin rikice-rikice.

Type 2 ciwon sukari

A nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari mellitus, jiki yana aiki da insulin a cikin isasshen ko adadin da suka wuce kima, duk da haka, yana cikin bangare ko gaba ɗaya ƙwayoyin sel ba su sha. Gabanin tushen wannan juriya na hormonal, matakin glucose a cikin jini sannu-sannu yana ƙaruwa. Cutar ciwon sukari nau'in 2 da yawancin likitoci suka bayyana shi azaman cuta mai narkewa, wanda a cikin dogon lokaci zai iya juya zuwa ciwon sukari na gaskiya.

Abincin don nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

A karni na 20, mafi yawan masana ilimin kimiyar halittun jiki an wajabta wa marassa lafiya abin da ake kira ma'anar daidaitaccen tsarin abinci tare da kimanin rabo daidai da sunadarai, fats da carbohydrates na abincin yau da kullun. Kayan abinci da soyayyen da kyafaffen kayan yaji da kuma kayan yaji tare da abubuwan leke, an cire su. Koyaya, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, wannan nau'in abinci mai gina jiki ba ya rage matakin glucose a cikin jini kuma ana ƙara haɓaka sukari a cikin masu ciwon sukari, wanda a ƙarshe ya rage ƙima da tsammanin rayuwar marasa lafiya a cikin dogon lokaci.

Dietarancin abincin carb

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, masana harkar abinci suna kara bayar da shawarar rage cin abinci mai karancin ƙwayoyi tare da cikakken keɓantar da carbohydrates mai sauƙi daga abincin da kuma ƙuntataccen ƙuntataccen abu, duka biyu ga masu ciwon sukari na nau'in 2 tare da karuwar nauyin jiki da kuma ga masu cutar sukari na 1 (raguwa sosai a cikin adadin allurai insulin da ake sarrafawa). A wannan yanayin, babban mahimmanci shine kan furotin da abinci mai narkewa tare da rabon abinci na 5-6 na yau da kullun. Mafi kyawun tsarin abinci shine dafa abinci da yin burodi, wani lokacin gawa.

Ya kamata a cire samfuran Semi-iri iri daban-daban, kayan abinci masu ban sha'awa da mai ƙoshin abinci, marinade daban-daban, samfuran sukari, da kayan masarufi gaba ɗaya daga cikin menu. Hakanan an haramta su, taliya, biredi (salted da yaji), caviar, cream, muffin, kayan gwangwani na kowane nau'in, burodi dangane da alkama, da kuma 'ya'yan itace mai dadi - kwanakin, banana, innabi, ɓaure.

A ƙarancin iyakantacce, zaku iya cin dankali, ƙwai, hatsi tare da ganyayyaki, har da hatsi - buckwheat, sha'ir lu'ulu'u, oatmeal, ƙwai. Da kyar zaka iya yiwa kanka shan zuma.

Jerin kayan da aka yarda dasu sun hada da nau'ikan nama mai kitse (galibi kaji da naman sa), kifi (duk nau'in mai kitse), miyan kayan lambu tare da hatsi da nama, sausages abinci, kayan kiwo mara nauyi, cuku mai yawa. An bada shawara don haɗa da karas, beets, sabo Peas, cucumbers, kabewa, eggplant, kabeji, berries mai tsami da 'ya'yan itatuwa, shayi da kofi tare da madara a cikin abincin.

A matsayin mai mai, an fi so a yi amfani da mai narke ko kayan lambu da aka sabunta.

Abincin ganyayyaki

Ayyukan abinci na zamani da hanyoyin gwaji na bincike na likita sun ƙara nuna ingancin abincin mai cin ganyayyaki a cikin masu ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 da nau'in 2. Babban gwaje-gwajen da aka gabatar a Amurka da Turai sun tabbatar da cewa a mafi yawan lokuta tsarin abinci mai kyau da aka ambata na iya rage raunin jini da matakan jini, rage hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da rage rage haɓakar furotin a cikin fitsari bayan makonni 3-4 na sauya irin wannan abincin.

Asalin irin wannan abincin shine babban mai karancin kalori da kuma kin yarda da kariyar dabbobi. Akwai haramtacciyar haram game da kowane nau'in nama tare da kifi, qwai, kayan kiwo da madara mai tsami, kowane irin abinci mai dadi da alkama, man sunflower, kofi, har ma da abinci "datti" - daga fyaɗar faransa zuwa kayan fasa, abubuwan sha mai ƙanshi da kowane samfuri mai ladabi.

Jerin abincin da aka ba da izini ya hada da hatsi da kayan marmari, berries tare da 'ya'yan itace (banda inabi), duk kayan lambu, namomin kaza, kwayoyi, tsirrai, da "waken soya" - yoghurts, tofu, kirim mai tsami, madara akan shi.

Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura da wasu mummunan fannoni na amfani da kayan cin ganyayyaki don kamuwa da cuta, kuma da farko, wannan kunkuntar ce ta amfani dashi - zaku iya amfani da abincin vegan kawai idan babu rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari tare da m ko matsakaici. Bugu da kari, ba za'a iya amfani da abincin vegan a koyaushe, saboda hanya daya ko wata, jiki yana buƙatar garken dabbobi a cikin adadi kaɗan, kazalika da adadin abubuwan gina jiki / bitamin, waɗanda galibi an cire su daga abincin. Abin da ya sa zai iya zama kawai "magani-da-prophylactic" madadin na wucin gadi daidaitaccen tsarin abinci ko low-carb, amma ba cikakken maye gurbinsu ba.

Menene nau'in ciwon sukari na 1

Masu ciwon sukari ba su zama marasa lafiya kawai ba, har ma da ƙananan yara, jarirai. Tare da wuce gona da iri na ciwon sukari na 1, ana rage ƙwayoyin sel, ana lura da lalacewar nama. Mellitus-insulin-da ke fama da cutar sikila cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta, kuma marassa lafiya a kowane zamani na karkashin kulawa ta fuskar likita.

Yayin aiwatar da yanayin cututtukan jini a cikin mellitus na ciwon sukari, yawan tattarawar insulin a cikin jini yana raguwa, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, da sauran rikitarwa masu haɗari ga jikin mutum. Kuna iya ƙayyade cututtukan autoimmune na endocrine tsarin bayan jerin gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, daga cikinsu gwajin jini don matakin sukari lallai ne ya kasance.

Sanadin Type 1 Ciwon sukari

Ana gano wannan cutar da wuya, bisa ga ƙididdiga, a cikin 5% na duk hotunan asibiti. Wannan cuta ce ta matasa wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin yara ƙanana, da wuya aka bayyana cikin balaga. Babu wata dama ta ƙarshe don warkar da cutar, babban aikin kwararru shine cika ƙarancin insulin ta hanyar hanyoyin Conservative. Don tabbatar da ci gaba mai kyau, mataki na farko shine gano menene musabbabin ciwon sukari na 1. Tsarin ilimin etiology na tsarin cututtukan cuta yana da abubuwan da ake buƙata masu zuwa:

• kwayoyin halittar jini
• increasedara yawan ayyukan haɗari na Coxsackie, rubella, ƙwayoyin cuta na Epstein-Barr da kuma jujjuyawa,
• sakamakon guba na kwayoyi akan panc-Kwayoyin,
• Ayyukan kwayoyin cuta tare da sakamako mai lalacewa na ƙwayoyin T na rigakafi da β sel,
• karancin abinci a ruwa, bitamin D,
• sutudiyyar rayuwa
• rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• tsananin aiki,
• cututtukan autoimmune
• tsarin damuwa
• etiology na idiopathic nau'i na cutar ba a inganta shi ba.

Alamomin Cutar Rana 1

Duk abin da ke haifar da ciwon sukari, farkon cutar yana tare da alamomi masu tsanani. Da farko, mara lafiya bai mai da hankali ga yawan kumburi da yawan hare-hare na kishirwa ba, amma sai ya fahimci cewa matsalar rashin lafiyar hakika tana nan. Yakamata wakilan ƙungiyar masu haɗarin yakamata su san irin alamun cututtukan da ke kama da nau'in 1 na kamuwa da cuta don ware ƙarancin rashin sanin lokaci da kuma maganin rashin lafiya. Anan ne karancin insulin ke bayyana kanta a jikin mara lafiya:

• ara yawan ci don asarar nauyi,
• bushe bakin
• bushe fata
• tsoka da ciwon kai
• janar gaba daya, gajiya,
• low jiki juriya ga pathogenic flora,
• wuce kima gumi
• fata ƙaiƙayi
• ketosis
• raguwa cikin akidar gani,
• na gazawar
• fitsari acetone wari
• rage ci da matsananciyar ƙishirwa,
• dare hyperglycemia,
• tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ciki,
• masu fama da cutar sankara
• polyuria.

Abun Ciki na Cutar Rana 1

Marasa lafiya suna rayuwa tare da irin wannan binciken, a ƙarƙashin duk shawarar likita. Idan ana keta su da tsare-tsare ta hanyar ra'ayin mazan jiya, manyan rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari na 1 wanda ke buƙatar asibiti da gaggawa kuma matakan gaggawa ba za a fitar da su ba. Waɗannan rukuni biyu ne na manyan hanyoyin da ke da alamomin bayyanannun alamun:

• neuropathies, lokacin da rauni mai girma ya faru a cikin kariyar sel na tsarin juyayi,
• angiopathy tare da lalata ganuwar jijiyoyin bugun gini, capillaries.

Idan irin waɗannan rikice-rikice masu girma sun taso, mai haƙuri yana fuskantar matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar su ciwon sukari, cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, ƙwanƙwasa ƙafa, retinopathy na retina, nephropathy, macroangiopathy, polypeuropathy masu ciwon sukari, hyperglycemic, lactacidotic da ketoacidotic coma, postinodisulin. Asibitin cututtuka na buƙatar ɗaukar matakan gaggawa na gaggawa, in ba haka ba mai haƙuri zai sami rashin lafiya, mutuwa.

Cutar sankarau

Tun da farkon nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari ya gabaci lalacewar ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic, yana yiwuwa a gano cutar sankarar fata kawai ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje. Gwajin farko shine jini: glucose na yau da kullun shine 3.3 - 6.1 mmol / l, adadin karuwa shine alamar cuta. Gwajin fitsari na gwaji yana tantance acetone. Wani mahimmancin alama mai nuna alama shine haemoglobin, yanayin da bai kamata ya wuce 5.6 - 7.0%. Bugu da kari, lalacewar katangar-kwakwalwa yana faruwa, wanda aka nuna a sakamakon binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Don gudanar da kowane gwaje-gwaje na ɗakuna sau da yawa, tun da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari ana nuna shi ne kawai tare da ci gaba da ƙaruwa cikin sukarin jini. Dole ne a dauki waɗannan gwaje-gwaje na wasu watanni, yayin da ake lura da sauran alamun cutar. Ba'a yin gwajin haƙuri na glucose tare da wannan hoton asibiti. Cikakken bincike na kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1 ya ƙunshi tarin tarihin tarihin likita don daidaita daidaituwa game da cutar, alƙawarin maganin insulin.

Nau'in maganin cutar sankara na 1

Masanin ilimin endocrinologist na iya sanin dalilin tashin farko da kuma matakin ci gaban ciwon sukari, wanda dole ne a yi alƙawari bayan ziyartar masanin ilimin gida. Ya danganta da matakin amino acid din a cikin jini, kwararre ne ke tantance mafi kyawun tsarin insulin, musamman kulawa mai zurfi. Kasancewa da sha'awar yadda za a kula da ciwon sukari na 1, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya san cewa ana iya siyar da hormone ko kuma a samu takardar sayan magani kawai. Additionari ga haka, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da magani, zaɓin abincin abinci da abinci mai ɗauke da sukari kaɗan.

Rage magani

An zaɓi allurar insulin na ƙasa daban-daban, saboda jiki yana iya haɓaka ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa maganin da aka ƙayyade. Tsawon lokacin da aka yi amfani da irin wannan magani rayuwa ce ta yau da kullun, allurai yau da kullun sun kai har 5 injections tsakanin abinci. Nau'in magungunan sun dogara da matakin tsarin ilimin cuta, an gabatar da jerin abubuwan da ke ƙasa:

• insulin, mafi girma wanda yake daidai yake da insulin na halitta,
• gajeran aiki insulin: Actrapid, Iletin, Humulin,
• matsakaici insulin
• insulin dogon aiki: Monodar-Ultralong, Levemir, Lantus.
• hade magunguna.

Abincin don nau'in masu ciwon sukari na 1

Baya ga shan magunguna, kuna buƙatar canza abincin yau da kullun. Tsarin abincin mai ciwon sukari ya ƙunshi jita-jita tare da ƙarancin glucose, in ba haka ba ko kuma akwai yiwuwar sake komawa wata cuta ta rashin lafiya. Abincin da aka ba da izini don nau'in 1 na sukari ya ba da abinci na abinci mai gina jiki ninki biyu, cikakken wariyar carbohydrates mai sauri da kuma samar da jiki mai rauni tare da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci da bitamin. Abincin da aka yarda dai sune kamar haka:

• Fresh kayan lambu
• kwayoyi da wake
• naman alade da kifi,
• kayayyakin kiwo, musamman na gida cuku,
• karin mai
• qwai
• kayan miya.

An hana abinci ga manya da yara masu fama da ciwon sukari:

• mai nama da kifi,
• Kayan kwalliya
• kiyayewa
• Semi-gama kayayyakin
• na yaji yaji
• barasa
• abubuwan shaye shaye, ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Magungunan magungunan gargajiya na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari

Idan rushewar ƙwayoyin beta na hanji suka ci gaba, wasu mata da maza ba da izinin taimakon wani magani ba. Hanyar tana shakka, haka ma, tana iya haɓaka mummunan rikice-rikice a cikin jiki bayan makonni 1-2 na maganin kai-kanka. Don hana lalacewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙwayoyin rigakafi, yayin tabbatar da kawar da alamun cututtukan asibiti, madadin hanyoyin suna da mahimmanci don daidaitawa tare da likitan ku. Inganci magani na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus tare da magunguna na gargajiya yana taimakawa kawai. Ga wasu girke-girke masu tasiri:

1. Don rage jikin ketone da kuma motsa aikin gabobin ciki, likitoci sun bada shawarar a cikin foda na acorns, wanda a cikin adadin 1 tsp. kai kafin kowane abinci.
2. 50 ml na lemun tsami tattara don hade tare da kwai kaza. Wannan kashi daya ne don gyaran alamomi a cikin jini, wanda ya kamata a dauki minti 30 kafin cin abinci. Kayan aiki yana taimakawa idan ciwon sukari na yara ya haɓaka, sd1, yana taimakawa cire polyuria.

Yin rigakafin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1

Domin tsibirin na Langerhans na pancreas kada a lalata shi a cikin balagagge da yaro, ya zama dole a dauki matakan lokaci na ingantaccen rigakafin. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga waɗannan marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da masaniya game da tsinkayar ƙwayar halittar jini don buga sukari 1. Ingantaccen rigakafin kamuwa da cutar ya shafi waɗannan matakan:

• salon rayuwa mai aiki
• danniya management
• ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki
• dace lura da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, cututtuka,
• karfafa rigakafi.