Nazarin mahaifa a cewar Zimnitsky

Duk da fa'idodin maganin urinalysis na gaba ɗaya, yana ba da ra'ayi kawai game da yanayin kodan a wani lokaci a cikin lokaci kuma baya nuna canje-canje a aikinsu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa daban-daban. A kokarin rama wannan rashi, masana kimiya sun kirkiro wasu hanyoyi na binciken fitsari, wanda ke ba da babban hoto game da aikin wannan jikin. Ofayan waɗannan hanyoyin shine nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky.

Wannan bincike yana baka damar nazarin aikin jijiyoyin kai da kulawa a koda yaushe cikin rana - ta yin amfani da binciken gaba daya na gargajiya, yin nazarin wadannan alamomi na aiki gabobin ciki ba zai yiwu ba. Kodayake wannan bincike ya fi rikitarwa a cikin kisa kuma yana kawo damuwa ga mutum, bayanin da aka samu tare da taimakonsa yana kawo taimako mai mahimmanci ga bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban na koda.

Yaya karatun yake

Nazarin ruwa bisa ga hanyar Zimnitsky yana buƙatar shiri sosai.

Ranar kafin karatun, an shirya kwantena takwas. Yawancin lokaci akan kowane ɗayansu ana rubuta suna da sunan mahaifin mutum, ranar bincike da lokacin urination - 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 00:00, 03:00, 6:00.
Ana shirya littafin fitila, inda za'a nuna adadin ruwan da aka cinye.
Babu kasa da rana guda ana soke shan magunguna wadanda kai tsaye ko kai tsaye suka shafi aikin kodan. Don wannan dalili, mutum ya kamata ya sanar da likita mai halartar duk magungunan da yake ɗauka. Yanke shawara game da buƙatar soke su a wannan yanayin ne kwararrun masana suka yi.
Nan da nan a ranar binciken, batun ya kamata ya ɓullo da mafitsara da ƙarfe shida na safe. Bayan duk waɗannan magudin da shirye-shiryen, zaku iya fara tattara kayan don bincike.

Tushen wannan hanyar gano cuta shine mutum daga karfe tara tara dukkan fitsari a cikin kwantena da aka tanada. Ana tattara kashi na farko a cikin gilashi wanda ke nuna "9:00". Dole ne a yi urination na gaba a sa'o'i sha biyu a cikin iya aiki na gaba da sauransu a cikin kullun. Haramun ne a ci karo da karamin bukata ba a cikin tanki ba ko kuma wani lokaci - kawai a cikin awanni uku. A yayin da a lokacin da aka sanya shi ba zai yiwu a tattara fitsari ba saboda rashi, tukunyar ta zama fanko, kuma dole ne a yi urination na bayan awoyi uku bayan haka a cikin akwati na gaba.

A lokaci guda, mutum ko ƙwararren likitanci dole ne ya adana rikodin ruwan da aka sha. Yana da mahimmanci la'akari da babban ruwa a cikin darussan farko, wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Lambobin da suka biyo baya suna shiga cikin littafin da aka shirya. Bayan an gama tattara fitsari na ƙarshe (da shida na safiyar gobe), an kawo dukkan kwandunan guda takwas zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincika.

Rage sakamakon bincike

Fassarar urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky ya bambanta a cikin wannan, kamar yadda sakamakon wannan binciken, ba takamaiman lambobi masu mahimmanci ba ne, amma dangantakar su da juna. Suna nuna hankali da aikin motsa jiki na kodan. A cikin mutum mai lafiya, aikin waɗannan gabobin suna ɗaukar wasu juye juye a cikin yini, wanda ke shafar kayan fitsari. Don cin zarafi daban-daban, waɗannan sauye sauye na iya canzawa ko shimfiɗa su, wanda a bayyane yake a tsarin wannan bincike.

Mai nunawa	Al'ada
Diureis na yau da kullun	1200 - 1700 ml
Matsakaicin yawan fitowar fitsari zuwa yawan ruwan da aka sha	75 – 80%
Matsakaicin dare da rana diuresis	1: 3
Ofarawar urination ɗaya	60 - 250 ml
Yawa (takamaiman nauyi) na fitsari	1,010 – 1,025
Matsakaicin bambanci a cikin takamaiman nauyin fitsari a cikin sassa daban-daban	Ba kasa da 0.010
Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin urination guda ɗaya	Ba kasa da 100 ml ba

A takaice dai bayanin alamomin bincike a cewar Zimnitsky

Diureis na yau da kullun shine yawan fitsari da ake saki kowace rana. A tsarin wannan binciken, an ƙaddara shi da sauƙin ƙari na ƙarar ruwa na dukkanin sabis takwas. Yawan diureis ya dogara da yawan ruwan da aka sha, aikin kodan, yanayin jikin mutum, matakan haɓaka. Manunin al'ada na diuresis ga mazan shine lambobi daga 1200 zuwa 1700 ml. Rage zuwa babba ko karami na iya nuna nau'o'in cuta da raunin kodan ko jikin baki daya.

Rashin yawan diureis zuwa yawan ruwan da aka dauka - an fayyace wannan matakin ta hanyar kwatanta yawan fitsari yau da kullun daga bayanan, wanda ya nuna yawan ruwan da mutum ya sha a rana yayin binciken. A yadda aka saba, yawan fitar fitsari kadan ne da adadin ruwan da aka karba a jikin mutum - 75-80% ne. Ragowar ruwan yana barin jiki ta hanyar zufa, numfashi, da sauran hanyoyin.

Matsakaicin dare da rana diuresis - yana da mahimmanci a lura da lokacin urination akan kwantena don tara kayan kawai don nemo alamun hakan. A yadda aka saba, yayin rana, kodan suna aiki sosai fiye da na duhu, sabili da haka, a cikin mutum mai lafiya, yawan fitowar fitsari a rana sau uku ne na dare. Game da yanayin aikin kodan, wannan rabo bazai cika ba.

Ofaukar urin oneaya ɗaya shine yawanci kusan 60-250 ml. Sauran dabi'un wannan alamar suna nuna rashin aiki gabobin gabbai.

Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin girman urination - a cikin rana, yawan fitsari da aka cire a lokaci ya bambanta. Haka kuma, banbanci tsakanin girma da karami girma na girma a cikin rana yakamata ya zama akalla 100 ml.

Ensaƙƙarfan yanayi (takamaiman nauyi) na fitsari shine ɗayan mahimman alamu na binciken Zimnitsky, wanda ke haɓaka ikon kodan ya tara nau'ikan salts da abubuwan haɓakawa a cikin fitsari - wannan shine asalin aikin tattara hankali na gabobin ciki. Kayan dabi'u na yau da kullun don wannan darajar sune lambobi 1.010 - 1.025 g / ml.

Matsakaicin mafi girman bambanci a cikin bangarori daban-daban - da kuma yawan fitsari, takamaiman nauyinsa ya kamata ya bambanta. Mafi ƙarancin darajar wannan bambanci shine 0.010 g / ml. A matsayinka na mai mulki, cikin lafiyayyen mutum, fitsari da aka fitar da daddare (tsakanin 21:00 zuwa 3:00) ya fi maida hankali.

Duk da irin rikitarwar urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky, ita ce mafi inganci kuma a lokaci guda karamin tafarnuwa ne kan nazarin yanayin aikin kodan. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba a rasa mahimmancinsa ba tsawon shekaru da yawa kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa tare da sabis tare da kwararru daga ƙasashe da yawa.

Maganin tarin hanta don Zimnitsky

Duk wani bincike na likita yana da kuskure. Bugu da ƙari, har ma da lafiyar al'ada, ana ganin canji a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ma'adinai a cikin fitsari.

Sabili da haka, don samun ingantaccen sakamako mai tabbaci, ya zama dole don ware diuretics, wanda ya shafi mahimmancin halayen jiki na ruwan da aka cire, kwana 1 kafin ɗaukar samfurin.

Maganin tarin algorithm

Hakanan an hana mai haƙuri cin abincin da ke ƙara ƙishirwa (gishiri da yaji), duk da cewa bai kamata ku canza tsarin shaye-shaye na yau da kullun ba (lita 1.5-2 kowace rana).

Yadda ake tattara ƙididdigar fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky? Da farko dai, an shirya kwantena 8. Za'a iya siyan kwantena na musamman a kantin magani, amma kwalban gilashin yau da kullun har zuwa 0.5 l kuma sun dace. An ƙidaya su kuma an sanya hannu don kada rudani ya tashi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ana tattara hanjin kwatankwacin wannan algorithm:

Da karfe 6 na safe, komai a banɗaki.
Kowane sa'o'i 3, farawa daga 9.00, ana tattara fitsari a cikin kwalba da suka dace.
An adana samfurori a cikin firiji.

Jimlar, ana samun kwalba 8 na fitsari a tara 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 3 da 6. Idan mai haƙuri bashi da sha'awar, to an bar gangar a wofi.

Koyaya, ba'a jefa shi ba, amma tare da cike akwatunan an kawo su dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike. Kwararru za su gudanar da binciken da yakamata kuma yanke bayanan daidai gwargwado.

Norms na nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky

Yawan fitsari ya bambanta tsakanin 1.013-1.025. Wannan yana nufin cewa a wasu kwalba masu nuna alama zasu zama mafi girma, a cikin wasu - ƙananan. Gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar sakamako masu zuwa al'ada:

Yawan fitsari yau da kullun bai wuce 2 l ba,
a cikin kwantena 2-3 yawancin bai wuce 1,020 ba,
bautar yau da kullum sau 3-5 sau da yawa fiye da dare,
an fitar da ruwan kashi 60-80%,
Manuniya da aka rasa sama da 1,035.

Lokacin gudanar da aikin urinalysis bisa ga Zimnitsky, ƙayyade sakamakon zai dogara da yawa kan bin ka'idodin shinge. Idan mai haƙuri ya sha ruwan da yawa, to, zai fito sama da yadda aka saba. Amma rashin shan ruwa zai kuma haifar da kurakurai a cikin binciken. Sabili da haka, a ranar samarwa, ya zama dole a mai da hankali kan aikin, saboda kar a sake maimaita hanyar.

Kwayar fassarar urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky, tebur

Don haka, mara lafiya ya tattara kayan ya aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, masana sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje kuma sun sami wasu bayanai. Abin da gaba? Bayyanar daidaiton alamun nazarin fitsari bisa ga ka'idodin Zimnitsky. Tebur a fili ya nuna sifofin halaye na daban-daban karkacewar cutar.

Tebur. Bayyana sakamakon.
Matsakaicin aikin	Cututtuka
Yawan yawa a ƙasa 1.012 (hypostenuria)	1. Wani mawuyacin hali ko marassa lafiyar kumburin koda.

2. Rashin nasara.

3. Ciwon zuciya.

Girma a sama da 1.025 (hyperstenuria)1. Lalacewa koda fitsarin koda (glomerulonephritis).

2. Cututtukan jini.

4. Ciwon sukari mellitus.

Volumearar amo a sama da 2 L (polyuria)Rashin wahala.

Ciwon sukari (sukari da maraya).

Fitsari a ƙasa 1.5 L (oliguria)1. Rashin nasara.

2. Ciwon zuciya.

Night diuresis fiye da rana (nocturia)1. Rashin nasara.

2. Ciwon zuciya.

Tebur yana nuna taƙaitaccen bayani game da ganewar asali. Binciken dalla dalla game da abubuwan dake haifar da yawan fitsari zai taimaka wajen fahimtar matsalar.

Rashin wahala

Idan mara lafiya yana fama da gazawar koda na shekaru da yawa, to ashe gabobin mahaifa kawai suna iya rasa ikon yin ayyukansu yadda yakamata.

Alamar rakiyar masu ratsa jiki yawanci cuta ce ta gaba daya a cikin lafiya da nutsuwa a koda yaushe, wanda hakan ke haifar da karuwar shan ruwa kuma, a sakamakon haka, karancin fitsari da yawaitar yau da kullun.

Ciwon koda

Bugun ciki guda biyu ko guda daya shima ya rage aikin gabobin saboda tasirin ciwan cututtukan zuciya.

Yana haɗuwa tare da jin zafi a cikin yankin lumbar da zazzabi, don haka an yi gwajin bisa ga Zimnitsky don bayyana (tabbatar da bayyanar cutar).

Analysisarin nazarin ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta yana nuna haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda kuma yana nuna cin zarafin tsarin tacewa.

Pathology na zuciya

Kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya ne. Kuma idan likitoci suka binciki lalacewar aikin na kuɗaɗe, to wannan gaskiyar tana ba da dalilin duba aikin zuciya. Kuma galibi ana tabbatarda shakku akan wani abu mai kwakwalwa.

Abun da ake ciki ko samuwar cututtukan zuciya yana haifar da rikicewar zubar jini da kuma canza canjin jini a cikin tasoshin, wanda, hakika, ana kuma nunawa yayin aiwatar da tace: yawan cire ruwa da yawanci ana cire shi a hankali, kuma da daddare mutane sukan dame shi da sha'awar zuwa bayan gida.

Ciwon sukari mellitus

Idan kodan bashi da isasshen ƙwayar glucose, to likitoci suna zargin masu ciwon sukari.Wannan cutar kuma ana san shi da ƙishirwa, ƙoshin abinci da sauran alamu.

Koyaya, maɓallan maɓallin sune ƙarin fitsari da yawa kuma hawan jini ne na jini.

Ciwon sukari insipidus

Ciwon sukari mellitus shima babban hadari ne. A zahiri, wannan shine rikicewar endocrine, wanda aka bayyana a cikin rashi na ɗayan hormones na hypothalamus - vasopressin.

Rashin sa ne ke haifar da cire ruwa mai yalwar jiki, wanda ke tattare da raguwar yawan fitsari. Bugu da kari, mutum yana jin kishi sosai, kuma sha'awar zuwa bayan gida yana ɗaukar halayen cuta.

Glomerulonephritis

Tare da glomerulonephritis, low permeability na renal glomeruli aka bayyana. Wannan a zahiri yana rikitar da tsarin yadawa, wanda shine dalilin juyar da abubuwan da ke tattare da mahadi a cikin jini ya rikice - fitsari yana da yawan gaske fiye da 1.035.

Bugu da kari, bincike akai yana nuna kasantuwar sel sel jini da sunadarai a cikin samfurori.

Siffofin yayin daukar ciki

Koyaya, sunadarai a cikin fitsari ba lallai bane a'a. Misali, yayin daukar ciki, jikin mace yana fama da cututtukan guba, wanda hakan ke haifar da keta cinikin furotin.

Bugu da kari, haɓakar tayin yana haifar da hauhawar yawan matsa lamba da nauyin aiki akan kodan. Bayan haihuwa, yanayin tare da kewaya da sauran gabobin jiki an saba dasu.

Cututtukan jini

Ana ɗaukar cututtukan jini da haɗari sosai, tare da canzawa a cikin inganci da adadin abubuwan sifar - musamman, ƙwayoyin jini.

Plasma mai kauri fiye da kima, gwargwadon dokar yaduwa, yana ba da ƙarin kayan maye ga fitsari, saboda haka yawanta yana ƙaruwa. Idan an gano cutar rashin jini a cikin mutum, to, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, kodan suna fama da matsananciyar yunwar oxygen, wanda ke shafar aikin kai tsaye.

Kammalawa

Rashin ilimin ciki a cewar Zimnitsky an yi shi azaman bayyanar cututtuka na farko. Hanyar tana dauke da bayani sosai, kuma kyakkyawan sakamako na gwaji yana ba da tushe don ƙarin cikakken bincike na kodan, zuciya da jini.

Daban-daban nau'ikan gwaji

Duk rayuwa, yawancin mutane suna haɗuwa da bincike: ko dai a lokacin rashin lafiya, ko don hana su. Gwajin asibiti a kowane yanayi ya fi magani, duk da haka, ba shi da kyau a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa a kowace shekara, don haka ne kawai manyan ke rubutowa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan sune gwaje-gwaje na gaba ɗaya na fitsari da jini.

Alƙawarin

Sau da yawa, mata masu juna biyu a asibitocin haihuwa suna fuskantar buƙatar ƙaddamar da gwajin fitsari don Zimnitsky. Gaskiya ne wannan ga waɗanda ke da haɓakar haɓakar edema. Amma har ma ga waɗanda ba za su zama iyaye masu farin ciki ba a nan gaba, tare da riƙe ruwa bayyananne a cikin jiki, za a iya tsara karatun da aka ambata. Bayan haka, edema na iya magana duka game da matsaloli tare da kodan da kuma irin wannan rashin lafiyar kamar ciwon insipidus na ciwon sukari ko gazawar zuciya. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki irin wannan gwajin da muhimmanci kuma kuyi komai a cikin ƙarfin ku daidai.

Abin da gwajin aiki a cewar Zimnitsky zai nuna

Babban aikin kodan shine cire gubobi marasa amfani a jiki - sharar gida, guba, abubuwan waje. Secondary fitsari an kafa shi ta hanyar shafa jini, inda samfuran fashewar furotin - ƙwayoyin nitrogenous - ke haɗuwa da ruwa. Kuma abubuwa masu amfani - ma'adanai, furotin da glucose - suna komawa cikin jini. Cakuda mahallin nitrogenous a cikin fitsari yana nuna yadda kodan ke yin aikinsu.

Ana kiran takaddun tattarawar ana kiransa yawanci na dangi, an kiyasta shi yayin nazarin samfurori gwargwadon Zimnitsky.

Samuwar fitsari na ƙarshe yakan faru ne a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar mara koda, tubules, da nama. Samfurori bisa ga Zimnitsky suna ba ku damar sarrafa ikon aikinsu da gano cutar ta zamani.

An tsara gwajin na Zimnitsky don gano karkacewa a cikin aikin koda

Kasancewar a cikin fitsari na kwayoyin halitta, wanda galibi bai kamata ba (glucose, epithelium, bacteria, protein), ban da cututtukan koda, yana bawa mai haƙuri damar shakkar cututtukan wasu gabobin.

Fitsari don samfurin ana tattarawa a lokacin rana. Yana bincika yawan ruwan da aka fito dashi a wannan lokacin, yawancinta da rarrabawa yayin rana (dare da rana diuresis).

Bayani mai amfani

Kada ku ɗauki magunguna tare da sakamako na diuretic, ba a ba da shawarar ku ci har samfuran da suke da diuretics na halitta. Ga sauran, wajibi ne don kula da tsarin abinci da tsarin abin sha da ake ci a cikin rana. Binciken fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky yana ba da ra'ayi game da yanayin jikin mutum da adana daidaituwa a ciki. Ragewa daga dabi'u na yau da kullun, zuwa sama da ƙasa, yana samar da dalilai don yin gwaje-gwaje ko ƙarin bincike.

Tunani darajar

Daɗaɗawa, a cikin nassoshi zaka iya gani, ban da ainihin lambobi, irin wannan kalmar "al'ada". Koyaya, wannan ba koyaushe yake ba, a ƙari, baya bayanin abin da ƙimar girma ko rage darajar ke nufi. Don haka likita kawai ne ke iya fassara sakamakon, musamman idan aka sami irin wannan gwajin kamar urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky. Ka'idojin, duk da haka, sune kamar haka:

ruwan da aka kasaftawa shine aƙalla kashi 75-80% na abubuwan da aka cinye,
Yawan dangin fitsari a cikin bangarori daban-daban ya kamata ya bambanta tsakanin babban adadin - daga 0.012 zuwa 0.016,
aƙalla a cikin lokaci ɗaya, ƙimar ya isa 1.017-1.020, wanda ke nuna alamun kiyaye ƙarfin ƙwayar kodan,
lokacin diuresis na rana sau 2 ya fi na dare yawa.

Idan kun karkace daga dabi'un al'ada, likitocin na iya ci gaba da kara karatu don yin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban. Daga cikin su, pyelonephritis, cututtukan koda na polycystic, hydronephrosis, rashin daidaituwa na hormonal, glomerulonephritis, hauhawar jini, rashin zuciya da wasu mutane. Wajibi ne don kimanta urinalysis bisa ga Zimnitsky a hade tare da wasu alamun, don haka binciken kansa da magani na kansa bai kamata a yi ba.

Lokacin da aka shirya yin nazari

An wajabta gwajin fitsari na Zimnitsky ga manya da yara a cikin halaye masu zuwa:

tare da ake zaton aikin kumburi ne a cikin kodan,
yanke hukunci (ko tabbatar) gazawar koda,
tare da koke-koke na koda yaushe game da cutar hawan jini,
idan akwai tarihin cutar ta pyelonephritis ko glomerulonephritis,
tare da zargin cutar insipidus

An wajabta samfurori don mata masu juna biyu idan sun kasance mai tsauraran edema kuma gurbataccen abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin tsari, bai kamata mata su tattara fitsari a lokacin haila ba. A cikin lokuta na gaggawa, ana amfani da catheter don tattara ta. Babu sauran contraindications ga gwajin.

Me yasa muke buƙatar samfurin fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky

Gwajin Zimnitsky da nufin ƙayyade matakin gurɓataccen abubuwa a cikin fitsari.

Yawan fitsari sau da yawa yakan canza sau ɗaya a kowace rana, launinsa, ƙanshinsa, girma, da kuma yawan fitsari suma suna canzawa.

Hakanan, bincike bisa ga Zimnitsky na iya nuna canji a cikin yawan fitsari, wanda ke ba da damar bayyana matakin taro na abubuwa.

Yawan yawan fitsari shine 1012-1035 g / l. Idan binciken ya nuna sakamako sama da waɗannan ƙimar, to wannan yana nufin haɓaka abun ciki na abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta, idan alamu suna ƙasa, to, suna nuna raguwa cikin taro.

Yawancin abubuwan da ke tattare da fitsari sun hada da uric acid da urea, gami da gishiri da sauran mahadi na kwayoyin. Idan fitsari ya ƙunshi furotin, glucose, da wasu abubuwan da ƙoshin lafiya ba ya fitar da su, likita zai iya yanke hukunci tsakanin matsaloli tare da kodan da sauran gabobin.

Wadanne cututtuka ne aka wajabta don bincike?

An nuna gwajin na Zimnitsky don gazawar renal, ɗayan alamun farko waɗanda suke matsaloli tare da fitar fitsari.Wannan nau'in bincike ne da likita ya tsara idan kun yi zaton ci gaban irin waɗannan cututtukan:

hauhawar jini
nau'in ciwon sukari
cutar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da na kullum
tsari mai kumburi a cikin kodan.

Sau da yawa, ana shardanta bincike ga mata yayin daukar ciki idan sun sha wahala daga mummunan guba, gestosis, da cutar koda ko kumburi mai yawa. Wasu lokuta gwaji bisa ga Zimnitsky ana buƙatar don tantance tsarin wurare dabam dabam, aikin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya.

Alamar al'ada don manya da yara

Binciken fitsari bisa ga Zimnitsky yana ba ku damar kimanta mahimman sigogi masu yawa a cikin aikin kodan: yawaitar canji da yawan fitsari, yawan ruwan da jiki ke cirewa kowace rana, da kuma canjin ƙarar da aka sanya dangane da lokaci. Sakamakon al'ada na gwajin Zimnitsky ga maza da mata sune:

Diureis na yau da kullun ya kamata 1500-2000 ml.
Yawan fitsari da kodan ya kwantar da shi ya zama daidai da kashi 65-80% na yawan ruwan shan.
Yawan yawan fitsari a rana yakamata yayi yawa fiye da lokacin dare. Ka'idodin diureis na yau da kullum shine 2/3 na jimlar adadin yau da kullun.
Kowane yanki yana da ƙima na aƙalla 1012 g / l kuma ba fiye da 1035 g / L. Akwai canje-canje da ake gani a cikin ɗimbin fitsari da yawa a cikin sassa daban-daban. Misali, a lokacin rana, bawa daya shine lita 0.3, kuma da dare - lita 0.1. Bambanci a cikin yawa shine a bangare ɗaya mai nuna alama shine 1012, kuma a ɗayan - 1025.

Standardsa'idar bincike a cewar Zimnitsky a cikin mata masu juna biyu sun ɗan bambanta:

Kowane bawa yana da girman 40 zuwa 350 ml.
Smallestanana mafi ƙarancin haske da girma mafi girma sun bambanta da 0.012-0.015 g / l.
Adadin yawan fitsari yau da kullun shine kashi 60 cikin 100 na urin kullum.

Tsarin al'ada a cikin yara sun yi ƙasa. Duk bayanan zasu dogara ne akan shekarun yaro: wanda ya girmi shi, yayin da sakamakon sa yayi kama da “manya”. Dole ne likitoci su kula da wannan kadara yayin fassarar sakamakon. A cikin yaro mai lafiya, kowane tulu yakamata ya ƙunshi fitsari tare da yawan gaske da girma. Matsakaicin fitsari a cikin yara ya kamata ya bambanta ta raka'a 10, alal misali, 1017-1027, da dai sauransu.

Wannan bidiyon yana ba da labari game da nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky, alamu na yau da kullun na binciken da kuma dalilan canji a cikin yawan fitsari, da kuma game da yanayin nazarin, fasalulluka na shiri da alamomi don nadin nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky.

Bayyanance bincike bisa ga Zimnitsky daga bayanan da aka samo

Sakamakon da aka samu na samfurin fitsari, musamman idan sun yi nesa da ƙimar al'ada, ba mu damar yin hukunci game da wasu cututtuka:

Polyuria. lokacin da ake samun yawan fitowar ruwa a lokacin (fiye da lita biyu). Wannan yanayin na iya nuna ci gaban ciwon sukari da ciwon insipidus, rashin cin nasara na koda.
Oliguria. Ya bayyana idan kodan bazai iya jurewa tsarkakakkiyar jini ba, yayin da yawan fitsari ke ƙaruwa, kuma ƙarar ta ragu sosai. Tare da oliguria, ƙasa da lita na fitsari ana keɓewa kowace rana. Wannan yanayin na iya nuna gazawar zuciya ko koda, gazawar matsin lamba, guban jiki.
Nocturia. Hauka yakan faru ne da daddare, wato ya wuce 1/3 na jimlar girma. Wannan cuta tana faruwa ne akan asalin ciwon sukari mellitus, gajiyawar zuciya, matsaloli daban-daban na maida hankali fitsari.
Hypostenuria. Jiki yana asirin fitsari, tare da wadatar da yakai ƙasa da 1012g / l. Hypostenuria na iya nuna matsaloli masu wahala a cikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, pyelonephritis a cikin matsanancin mataki, da kuma sauran rikice-rikice na koda (hydronephrosis, insipidus diabetes, leptospirosis, bayyanar karafa mai nauyi).
Hyperstenuria. Yana da gaban jihar lokacin da yawa daga fitsari ya fi 1035 g / l. Wannan yana zama alama ta farkon tashin zuciya, ciwon sukari mellitus, ƙari na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Bayyanar cututtukan hyperstenuria na iya zama sakamakon cutar guba yayin daukar ciki, zubar jini, da saurin fashewar sel na jini.

Lura! Bayyana sakamakon urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky ya kamata likitan halartar ya kamata suyi. Shi ne kawai zai iya tabbatar da dalilan wannan ko kuma karkatarwa ya kuma yi kyakkyawan binciken.

Yadda ake tattara fitsari don bincike a cewar Zimnitsky

Babu wani takamaiman shiri don wannan binciken. Ba a buƙatar rage cin abinci na yau da kullun ba, amma yana da daraja la'akari da cewa yawan adadin ruwa mai ruwa zai gurbata sakamakon. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a lura da wasu ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi:

Don rana kana buƙatar barin diuretics. Don bincike, zaku buƙaci kwantena guda 8 don fitsari tare da ƙarar 250 ml, yana da kyau ku sayi wani ƙarin kwalba na 2-3.
Yawan lokacin tarin - wata rana. Kuna buƙatar tattara duk ruwa, ba zuba zubar da ya wuce zuwa bayan gida, amma ta amfani da ƙarin tulu.
A kan kowane kwantena, kana buƙatar rubuta lambar serial, sunan mahaifa da ma farkon, lokacin tarin fitsari a cikin akwati.
Littafin rubutu na nuna yawan ruwan da ya bugu da abinci da aka ci tare da babban ruwa.
A ranar bincike, da sanyin safiya, mafitsara ya zama fanko: an zuba wannan yanki, ba za a buƙata ba. Sannan, fara daga 9 na safiyar wannan rana kuma har zuwa 9 na safiyar gobe, ana tattara duk ruwa a cikin tanki. An ba da shawarar yin urinate sau ɗaya a kowane 3 hours.
Lokacin da aka tattara kashi na ƙarshe, dole ne a kawo kwalba zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, tunda ba za'a iya adana samfuran na dogon lokaci.

Shiri da tarin abu don bincike

Algorithm don tattara fitsari don samfurori a cewar Zimnitsky iri ɗaya ne ga yara da manya. Mata masu juna biyu yakamata su bi waɗannan ka'idodi:

Kada ku ci kayan lambu wanda ke canza fitsari da canza warinsa (beets, karas mai kamshi, albasa, tafarnuwa),
kada ku keta tsarin shawarar shan giya,
kar a dauki diuretics.

Yayin rana, ana tattara fitsari a wasu sa'o'i a cikin kwantena 8 daban. Kawai idan har, 1-2 ya kamata a shirya. Farkon safiya da misalin ƙarfe 6 na safe zuwa cikin banɗaki. Sannan, fara daga 9.00, tare da tazara na awanni uku, ana tattara samfurori a cikin kwalba. Jirgin ruwa na ƙarshe ya cika da 6.00 washegari.

Ana yin tarin fitsari a kowane sa'o'i uku.

Kowane jar an sanya hannu - yana sanya sunan, sunan mahaifa da kuma lokacin tattarawa. Idan a wannan lokacin babu buƙatar yin fitsari, za a ba da kwandon fanko ga dakin gwaje-gwaje (kuma yana nuna lokacin).

Idan adadin ƙwayar fitsari guda ɗaya ya wuce girman kwandon, an ɗauki ƙarin kwalba, kuma lokaci guda ana yi akan su.

Abin sha da cin abinci ya zama al'ada. A lokacin rana, ana ajiye diary, wanda aka lura da yawan ruwan da aka sha. Anyi la'akari da komai - ruwa, shayi, kofi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itace mai laushi, miya da makamantansu. An ba da rikodin ga mataimakan dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da kayan ƙirar halitta.

M kulle kwalba na tattara fitsari ya kamata a adana a cikin firiji. Za'a iya amfani da kwantena na kantin ko kuma gilashin gilashin don tattara kayan. Karka yi amfani da abinshin filastik.

Jayayya daga al'ada suna ba da dalilin ci gaba da binciken mai haƙuri

Tebur: darajar ƙirar Zimnitsky ta al'ada

Mai nunawa	Sigogi
Jimlar diuresis na yau da kullun	1.5-2 lita (a cikin yara - 1-1.5 lita)
Rashin yawan fitsari da kuma yawan shigar ruwa	fitsari ya zama kashi 65-80% na ruwan da kuke sha
Fitowar fitsari kullun daga fitowar fitsari yau da kullun	2/3
Fitowar fitsari cikin dare daga fitowar fitsari na yau da kullun	1/3
Lativearancin fitsari a cikin ɗayan kwantena	Sama da 1020 g / l
Yawan dangin fitsari a cikin dukkan kwalba	Kasa da 1035 g / l

A al'ada, saurin fitsari safe yafi fitsari maraice. An narkar da shi da ruwa mai buguwa a cikin rana. A cikin duka, hidimar ruwan jiki na iya samun launi dabam da wari. Normaƙƙarfan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na iya kasancewa daga 1001 zuwa 1040 g / l A tsarin shan abin sha na yau da kullun, shine 1012-1025.

Yaya ake tattara fitsari don gwajin Zimnitsky?

Ana yin tarin urine don gwajin Zimnitsky a wasu sa'o'i yayin rana. Domin tattara abubuwan da ake buƙata da kyau, kuna buƙatar:

8 kwalba mai tsabta
Agogo, zai fi dacewa tare da agogo na ƙararrawa (tarin fitsari ya kamata ya faru a wasu awanni)
Littafin rubutu don yin rikodin ruwan da aka cinye yayin rana (gami da yawan ruwan da aka kawo tare da miya, borscht, madara, da sauransu)

Yadda ake tattara fitsari don bincike?

Da ƙarfe 6 na safe, kuna buƙatar ɓoye mafitsara cikin bayan gida.
Duk tsawon rana, kowane awanni 3 kana buƙatar buɗa mafitsara a cikin kwalba.
Lokaci na mafitsara shine 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 24:00, 03:00, 06:00.
Dole a kiyaye kwalba da aka cika a cikin sanyi (a cikin firiji).
Da safe na rana mai zuwa, ya zama dole a ɗauki dukkan kwalba ɗin da ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, ƙari kuma bayar da bayanan ruwan da aka cinye yayin rana.

Me yasa ake yin gwajin Zimnitsky?

Babban maƙasudin gwajin Zimnitsky shine a tantance taro da abubuwa ke narkewa a cikin fitsari. Dukkanmu mun lura cewa fitsari na iya bambanta cikin launi, kamshi a lokacin rana, ƙarar yayin fitar urination na iya zama daban, haka ma mitar yayin rana.

Ta hanyar auna yawan fitsari, yana yiwuwa a tantance jimlar abubuwan dake ciki. Yawan yawan fitsari na 1003-1035 g / l ana ɗauka al'ada ne. Aruwar yawa yana nuna karuwar abubuwa masu narkewa a ciki, raguwa yana nuna raguwa.

Abun da ke cikin fitsari ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyin nitrogenous - samfurori na metabolism na jiki a cikin jiki (urea, uric acid), abubuwa na kwayoyin, salts. Bayyanar a cikin fitsari na abubuwa kamar su glucose, furotin da sauran abubuwa na kwayoyin halitta, wanda galibi bai kamata a fitar da shi daga jiki ba, yana nuna cutar koda ko sauran kwayoyin halittar.

Adadin samfurin a cewar Zimnitsky

Jimlar yawan fitsari yau da kullun shine 1500-2000 ml.
Matsakaicin yawan shan ruwa da fitowar fitsari shine kashi 65-80%
Yawan fitsari da aka fitar yayin rana shine 2/3, dare - 1/3
Yawan saurin a cikin kwalba ɗaya ko sama sama da 1020 g / l
Yawan saurin kasa da 1035 g / l a cikin kwalba duka

Urinearancin fitsari mai yawa (hypostenuria)

A cikin abin da yaduwar yawan fitsari a cikin dukkan kwalba ya ƙasa da 1012 g / l, wannan yanayin ana kiran shi hypostenuria. Za'a iya lura da raguwar yawan fitsari a kullun tare da waɗannan cututtukan masu zuwa:

Matsakaiciyar matakai na rashin cin nasara na koda (idan akwai damuwa amalloidosis na koda na koda, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis)
Tare da wuce gona da iri na pyelonephritis
Tare da rashin karfin zuciya (digiri 3-4)
Ciwon sukari insipidus

Babban yawan fitsari (hyperstenuria)

Ana gano babban yawan fitsari idan yawan fitsari a cikin ɗayan kwalba ya wuce 1035 g / l. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa hyperstenuria. Za'a iya lura da ƙaruwar yawan fitsari tare da waɗannan cututtukan:

Ciwon sukari mellitus
Rage gushewar sel sel jini (sikila hawan jini, haemolysis, zubar jini)
Cutar guba da guba
M glomerulonephritis ko na kullum glomerulonephritis

Urineara yawan fitsari a kullum (polyuria) ineaukar fitsari a cikin lita 1500-2000, ko sama da 80% na ruwan da aka cinye lokacin rana. Calledara yawan ƙwayar fitsari ana kiranta polyuria kuma yana iya nuna cututtukan masu zuwa:

Ciwon sukari mellitus
Ciwon sukari insipidus
Rashin wahala

Lokaci na shirye-shiryen kafin tattara bayanan binciken kuma wa wanda aka ba da shawarar wannan binciken

Binciken fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky shine nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don kimanta ayyukan ayyukan koda. Ainihin, ana tsara irin wannan binciken ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suke buƙatar gwada aikin aikin wannan sashin mai mahimmanci don dalilai na likita.

Wannan bincike yana taimakawa kimanta aikin koda.

Godiya ga wannan nau'in tsarin bincike, marasa lafiya sun sami damar gano yawancin cututtukan cuta a farkon matakan.Sabili da haka, ɗauki dukkan matakan lokaci don hana ci gaba da cutar.

Kafin tattara fitsari a cikin Zimnitskomk, ya zama dole a hankali a shirya wannan binciken. Don yin wannan, da farko kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar likita wanda zai iya tantance wanne daga cikin magungunan da kuke amfani da shi dole ne a cire shi, aƙalla wata rana kafin isar da fitsari. An bada shawarar gabaɗaya ka bi waɗannan ka'idodi:

Kada kuyi amfani da diuretics da kwayoyi,
bin tsayayyen abinci, wanda ake amfani dashi don cututtukan koda,
iyakance yawan shan ruwa.

Bugu da kari, kafin wucewa gwaje-gwaje, dole ne mai haƙuri ya wanke hannayensa da sabulu da gabobi.

An wajabta gwajin fitsari na Zimnitsky ga marasa lafiya masu zuwa:

tare da ake zargi da cutar pyelonephritis,
don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta,
tare da bayyanannun na koda gazawa,
tare da hauhawar jini
kan aiwatar da haihuwa.

Abinda kuke buƙata don bincike da dabarun tattara kayan

Don ƙaddamar da nazarin fitsari, kuna buƙatar sayan waɗannan kayan:

kwalba takwas masu tsafta na fitsari,
alkalami da takarda wanda mai haƙuri zai rubuta adadin ruwan ɗumin da aka cinye yayin binciken,
kallo ko na'urar tare da su.

Samun duk abubuwan da ke sama, zaku iya wuce ƙididdigar da ta dace.

Mahimmanci! Ya kamata a adana fitsari a firiji kawai. Amma duk da wannan, rayuwar shiryayye ba za ta iya wuce fiye da kwana biyu ba kuma a kowane yanayi ya kamata ya zama daskarewa.

Tarin fitsari don bincike a cewar Zimnitsky

Don bin ka'idodin tarin fitsari, dole ne a aiwatar da matakai kamar haka:

Da sanyin safiya, daidai karfe 6 na yamma ana buƙatar zuwa banɗaki, yayin tattara wannan fitsari ba lallai bane,
farkon tarin binciken dole ne a fara a 9. 00, ba tare da la'akari da ko mai haƙuri yana da sha'awar ba ko a'a,
sannan a cikin ranar ana maimaita tarin fitsari daidai sa'o'i uku daga baya, don wannan shine mafi kyawun insure kanka da agogo ƙararrawa don kar a bata lokacin saita,
cikin rana guda kawai, mara lafiya ya sami kwalba takwas, wanda, kafin ya cika ta ƙarshe, tilas a adana shi a cikin firiji, sannan a kai shi dakin gwaje-gwaje.

A yayin tattara fitsari, ya zama dole a sanya dukkan kwantena tare da ainihin tabbacin tsararren lokaci don ɗaukar bincike, kazalika da nuna sunan mara haƙuri. Tun da irin wannan binciken yana buƙatar ba kawai sanarwa ba, har ma da horo, masana ba su bayar da shawarar yayin ranar da za a tattara fitsari don barin gidanka ko cibiyar likitanci ba. Kuma don hana murkushe sakamakon, kada ku canza tsarin shaye-shayenku da kuma hanyoyin mota. Tare, waɗannan abubuwan zasu ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan bincike.

Aline na tattara algorithm na mata masu juna biyu da yara

A lokacin daukar ciki, jikin mai mahaifiyar yana da matuƙar sake gina shi kuma asalin yanayin hormonal ya canza. Sakamakon nauyi mai nauyi, matsaloli tare da kodan na iya bayyana, waɗanda aka bayyana da farko ta hanyar gano cutar pyelonephritis. Don hana ba kawai haɗarin cutar kamar pyelonephritis ba a lokacin daukar ciki, amma kuma don guje wa mummunan sakamako, an ba da shawarar duk mata masu juna biyu suyi gwajin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky.

Babu wasu karkacewar takamaiman na yau da kullun lokacin haila; mata suna yin gwaje-gwaje daidai da na sauran masu cutar. Iyakar abin da wannan hanyar ke ciki shine cewa kuna buƙatar ba da fitsari ga mata masu juna biyu sau ɗaya a kowane watanni uku.

Matan da ke da juna biyu suna yin gwaje-gwaje gaba daya

Amma game da yara, kafin wucewa gwajin, kuna buƙatar tsabtace gabobin yaro a kowane lokaci, kuma kuyi gwajin kawai a cikin kwalba mai tsabta, zai fi kyau idan akwati ce ta musamman da aka siya a kantin magani. Tsarin tarin fitsari na zimnitsky na yara daidai yake da na manya.Dalilin da ya sa iyaye suke buƙatar yin cikakken kulawa a duk tsawon lokacin da suka yi gwajin shine don tabbatar da cewa yarinyar ba ta kowane hali ta cinye ruwa mai yawa kuma baya cin abinci da ke haifar da ƙishirwa.

Yaya bincike

Da zaran samfurin mai haƙuri ya isa dakin gwaje-gwaje, nan da nan kwararru suka fara gudanar da gwajin da ya dace. A cikin fitsari, irin waɗannan alamura kamar ƙimar kusanci, girma da takamaiman nauyi an ƙaddara su da farko. Ana gudanar da waɗannan karatun daban-daban ga kowane bawa.

Ana yin waɗannan ma'aunai kamar haka. Don gano yawan fitsari, ana amfani da sililin da aka ƙoshi wanda aka ƙaddara yawan adadin kowane sashi. Bugu da ƙari, bayan ƙididdige ƙarar, ƙwararren ya ƙididdige yawan yau da kullun, dare da kundin yau da kullun.

Ana gudanar da binciken ne akayi daban-daban ga kowane bangare na fitsari.

Don ƙayyade yawa, ana amfani da ƙwararren hydrometer-urometer. Bayan duk binciken da ake buƙata, an shigar da bayanin a cikin wani tsari na musamman ko a tura shi hannun mai haƙuri ko likita.

Menene gwajin Zimnitsky

Hanyar ganewar asali dangane da bincike na yanke hukunci (sharewa) ana al’adar da aka yarda da shi amintacce ne kuma abin dogara ne. An bayyana ma'anar sharewa ko rarrabewa daidai da ƙimar plasma na jini (ml), wanda cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci za'a iya share shi ta hanyar ƙwararrun wani abu. Kai tsaye ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: shekarun mai haƙuri, aikin maida hankali ne na kodan da takamaiman abu da ke tattare da aiwatar da tacewa.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan yarda guda hudu:

Tsarin iska. Wannan shine girman plasma, wanda a cikin minti daya an tsabtace shi gaba daya daga abubuwan da ba zasu iya amfani da su ba ta amfani da matattarar duniya. Wannan shine gurbataccen tsarkakakken abin da creatinine yake dashi, shine dalilinda yasa galibi ana amfani dashi don auna yawan tsaftacewa ta hanyar dunqulewar kodan.
Nishadi. Tsarin yayin da wani abu ya toshe gaba daya ta hanyar tacewa ko kuma cirewa (shine lokacin da abubuwa basa gudana a dunkulewar duniya, amma shigar da lumbar tubule daga jinin abubuwanda ke gudana). Don auna adadin ƙwayar plasma da aka wuce ta ƙodan, ana amfani da dioderast - abu ne na musamman, tun da yake shine keɓaɓɓiyar tsarkakewa wanda ya cika burin.
Sake sakewa. Tsarin da abubuwa masu kyau suke sake cikawa a cikin tubules na koda kuma an raba shi ta hanyar duniyan. Don aunawa, ana amfani da abubuwa masu ƙoshin ma'anar tsarkakewa (alal misali, glucose ko furotin), tunda a babbar haɗuwa a cikin jini zasu iya taimakawa wajen tantance aikin tubules.
Cakuda. Idan abu mai jujjuyawar abu yana da ikon sake buɗe ɓangaren, kamar urea, to sharewar za a gauraya.
Rashin daidaituwa na tsarkake abu shine bambanci tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin wannan abun cikin fitsari da kuma a cikin plasma a cikin minti daya. Don yin lissafi wanda ke aiki (sharewa), ana amfani da tsari mai zuwa:

C = (U x V): P, inda C shine share (ml / min), U shine maida hankali ne akan abu a cikin fitsari (mg / ml), V shine minti diuresis (ml / min), P shine maida hankali ne akan abu a plasma (mg / ml).

Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da creatinine da urea don bambanta ganewar asali game da cututtukan koda kuma tantance aikin tubules da glomeruli.

Idan maida hankali kan kwayar halittar fata da urea a cikin jini ya tashi tare da lalatawar ƙwayar koda, wannan alama ce ta halayyar cewa rashin nasara na yara ya fara haɓaka. Koyaya, haɗuwa da creatinine yana ƙaruwa sosai fiye da urea, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa amfani dashi a cikin bayyanar cututtuka ya fi mahimmanci.

Babban burin binciken

Ana yin gwajin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky ana gudanar da shi lokacin da ake tuhuma da wani tsari na kumburi cikin kodan.Wannan hanyar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje tana baka damar sanin adadin abubuwan da aka narke a cikin fitsari, watau a tantance aikin maida hankali na kodan.

A yadda aka saba, lokacin da karancin ruwa yake shiga jiki, fitsari ya zama cike da samfuran abubuwan saura: ammonia, protein, da sauransu. Don haka jiki yana ƙoƙarin “adana” ruwa kuma kula da ma'aunin ruwa da yake dacewa da aiki na yau da kullun abubuwan jikinsu. Bayan haka, idan ruwa ya shiga jiki da wuce haddi, kodan zai fitar da fitsari mai rauni. Ayyukan maida hankali ne da kodan kai tsaye ya dogara da babban yanayin hemodynamics, zaga jini a cikin kodan, aikin al'ada na nephrons da wasu dalilai.

Idan a ƙarƙashin tasirin ilimin halittar cuta ya saɓa ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka bayyana a sama yana faruwa, ƙodan ya fara aiki ba daidai ba, an keta tsarin aikin metabolism ɗin gaba ɗaya kuma jinin yana canzawa, wanda zai iya cutar da aikin duk tsarin jikin mutum. Abin da ya sa yayin gudanar da bincike, ana ba da kulawa mafi kusa ga yawan fitsari a lokuta daban-daban na rana da jimlar fitar fitsari don lokacin da aka sanya don binciken.

Manuniya don

Gudanar da gwajin Zimnitsky yana da kyau a cikin shari'ar lokacin da likita yana buƙatar tantance takamaiman nauyi da girman ƙwayar da aka keɓe kowace rana. Dakatar da matsalar rashin aiki na koda (CRF), kula da yanayin rikicewar cutar pyelonephritis ko glomerulonephritis, gano cutar hauka ko ciwon sukari na iya zama abubuwan da ake bukata a gwajin. Hakanan, ya kamata a dauki fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky lokacin da sakamakon binciken gaba ɗaya bashi da labari. Gwajin ya dace da marasa lafiya na kowane zamani, yara da lokacin daukar ciki.

Shiri don tarin bincike

Sakamakon daidaito da bayanan bayanan sakamako na urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky na iya shafar wasu magunguna da abincin da aka ɗauka, sabili da haka, aƙalla kwana ɗaya kafin a tattara lokacin fitsari, ya kamata a lura da wasu ka'idoji masu sauƙi:

Usearyata shan diuretics na shuka ko asalin magani,
Bi abinci da abin da aka saba da mai haƙuri (ƙuntatawa kawai ga amfani da abinci mai yaji da gishiri wanda zai iya haifar da ƙishirwa, da abinci wanda zai iya lalata fitsari - beets, da sauransu),
Guji yawan shan ruwa mai yawa.

Idan aka yi watsi da waɗannan shawarwarin kuma dabarar tattara ba ta cika ba, yawan fitsari na iya ƙaruwa kuma, saboda haka, yawanta zai ragu. Sakamakon irin wannan bincike zai kuskuren karkacewa da ƙa'idar aiki.

Mahimmancin nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky

Kodan wani sashin jiki ne mai aiki da yawa, akan ingantaccen aiki wanda aikin al'ada wanda duk sauran tsarin jiki ya dogara. Tabarbarewar mahaifa yana nufin rashin daidaituwa a cikin aikin giyan da aka haɗu kamar giyan. Nazarin gabaɗaya na iya tayar da shakku game da daidaituwar cutar. Nazarin mahaifa a cewar Zimnitsky hanya ce ta ma'asumi don kimanta karfin kodan don fitsari da kuma tattara fitsari. Cutar "sanannu" daga sakamakon gwajin sune rashin cin nasara na koda, ciwon suga da kuma cututtukan zuciya.

Wanene aka tsara don bincike bisa ga hanyar Zimnitsky?

Tun da kammalawa na masu binciken samfurin suna dauke da takamaiman ganewar asali, ƙaddamar da shi zai zama mai kyau idan akwai tuhuma na glomerulonephritis da pyelonephritis, abin da ya faru na gazawar renal, ciwon sukari mellitus, hauhawar jini. Hanyar ta ƙunshi ƙaddarar ɓacewa daga ƙa'ida a cikin manya da yara. Tsarin ya zama dole ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu - a lokacin tsammanin yaro, jikinsu yana ɗaukar nauyin ƙari kuma kodan na iya aiki.

Yadda ake wuce fitsari daidai?

Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan bincike ba, zaku iya ɗaukar wannan gwajin fitsari ba tare da lura da duk wani hani game da abinci da ruwan sha ba: bai kamata a canza abincin ba. Dokokin tarin sun nuna kasancewar waɗannan kayan a cikin haƙuri:

Gwangwani 8. Ana ɗaukar fitsari a cikin kwantena masu tsabta.Ana iya samun kwantena na musamman inda ake tattara fitsari yau da kullun a shagunan magunguna.
Takarda da alkalami. Tare da taimakonsu, mara lafiyar yana gyara adadin ruwan da ya ɗora lokacin tattara fitsari. Duk abin da ake buƙatar la'akari dashi, gami da katako, miya, da sauransu. Teburin tare da bayanan an wuce shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Na'ura mai ɗauke da agogo, misali, waya da agogo ƙararrawa.

Ana shirya mai haƙuri don bincike

Tarin fitsari don samfurin zai zama mai nasara idan mara lafiya ya bi ayyukan da mataimakan dakin gwaji suka bada shawara. Daga cikin su: dakatar da amfani da maganin hana maye, nisantar cin abinci da ke haifar da karuwar jin kishirwa, wanke hannu da al'aura kafin tara fitsari. An adana tarin a cikin firiji, an ba da shi ga dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin awanni biyu bayan urination na ƙarshe a cikin gilashi. Kada a fallasar da kayan zuwa yanayin zafi (ƙasa da sifiri).

Kayan Gudanar da Kayayyaki

Hanyar tattara fitsari bisa ga Zimnitsky ya ƙunshi ainihin aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa:

Da safe, da ƙarfe 6 na yamma, kuna buƙatar zuwa banɗaki kamar yadda aka saba.
Bayan sa'o'i 3, a 9.00, ba tare da la'akari da sha'awar ba, tarin fitsari yana farawa a cikin gilashi don bincike.
Ana maimaita tsarin kowane sa'o'i 3 - a 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 3, 6 hours da kama lokacin bacci. Wannan abin da agogon ƙararrawa yake. Tsawon lokacin aikin shine kwana 1.
Gwangwani 8 na samfuran fitsari an adana shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi, jim kaɗan bayan cika na ƙarshe, ana ɗauka zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Ka'idojin samun fitsari yayin daukar ciki

Rashin damuwa na musamman a lokacin haila yana yin tasiri sosai kan aikin kodan. Pyelonephritis cuta ce da take shafar mata masu juna biyu. Binciken fitsari na Zimnitsky yayin daukar ciki zai taimaka wajen hana cutar kuma ta guji sakamakonta. Algorithm don tattara fitsari gabaɗaya ne - babu wasu ƙa'idodi na musamman a wannan yanayin. Ya kamata a tuna kawai cewa ana yin samp samfiri ga mata a cikin matsayi tare da dysfunction na koda kowane watanni uku.

Algorithm na tarin yara

Kwayoyin yarinyar suna buƙatar a wanke su kafin tattara bayanan binciken. Kai tsaye fitsari kawai a cikin kwalba mai tsabta. Idan ƙarin fitsari ya wuce ƙarfin, ya zama dole a ɗauki ƙarin kwantena. In ba haka ba, buƙatun sun zo daidai da hanyar tara kayan daga babban mutum. Wani muhimmin yanayi shine a hana haɓaka abincin ruwa kafin bincike kuma kada a baiwa yara abinci wanda zai tsokani ƙishirwa.

Menene gwajin urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky ya nuna?

Essimar aikin urinary sashin jiki na faruwa ne ta hanyar alamu guda 2 - yawaitar fitsari da girmanta. Ma'anar sakamakon shine kamar haka. Al'ada ga lafiyar mutum: ƙarfin ruwan yau da kullun - daga lita ɗaya da rabi zuwa 2. Adadin yawan ruwan da aka cinye kuma aka fitar dashi daga jiki daga kashi 65 zuwa 80%. Coarancin yawan fitsari yana daga 1.013 zuwa 1.025, yana nuna yadda kodan ke yin babban aikin - na rayuwa. 2/3 na adadin fitsari a rana ya kamata a kasafta yayin rana, 1/3 da dare, bi da bi. Yankunan samfurin da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya zama daidai daidai a girma da yawa, kuma amfani da magudanan ruwa yakamata haɓaka da haɓakar motsin hanji.

A cikin yaro, yanayin yana da ɗan bambanci - adadin fitsari a cikin kowane akwati ya kamata ya bambanta, kuma yawan su a cikin wannan yanayin ya bambanta da maki 10. Ga mace mai ciki, dabi'un ba za su bambanta da na asali waɗanda aka gabatar a sama ba. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa an lura da shawarwarin shirye-shiryen don hanya, in ba haka ba binciken dole ne a sake dawowa - wuce kima, shan giya mai zurfi zai nuna bayanan da ba daidai ba ga manyan alamomin 2 da aka yi nazari.

Fitarwa daga ka'idodi: alamomi da dalilai

Binciken bisa ga Zimnitsky ya nuna manyan canje-canje 5 na fitsari a cikin fitsari, kowannensu yana nuna guda ɗaya ko wani abu mai rauni a cikin jiki: ƙarancin ƙwayar jijiyoyin da aka cire (polyuria), rage yawan fitsari (oliguria), ƙarancin fitsari (hyperstenuria), ƙarancin ƙima (hypostenuria) ), haka kuma yawan motsa jiki na motsa jiki da dare (nocturia).

Rage yawan fitsari a kullum

Gwajin Zimnitsky yana nuna takamaiman nauyi na ƙwayar ruwan da aka saki tare da Pathoits ƙasa da 65% na ƙwaƙwalwa a rana ɗaya ko ƙasa da lita 1.5. Abubuwan da ke haifar da jijiyoyin jiki - lalatattun ayyukan sarrafawa na gungun mai siffofi da ke da nau'in wake.An lura dasu tare da raunin zuciya ko koda, cin guba ta hanyar fungible fungi, saukar karfin jini. Hakanan yana iya zama sakamakon iyakancewar ɗimbin ruwa ko haɓaka gumi.

Shirya mai haƙuri

Da ake bukata a kamanceceniya don daidai aikin gwajin, ƙaddara don tantance yanayin ƙarfin ƙwayar kodan, shine ƙin shan ruwa mai yawa. Wajibi ne a faɗakar da mara lafiyar cewa yana da kyawawa cewa yawan ruwan da aka ɗauka a ranar tarin fitsari bai wuce 1 - 1.5 lita ba. In ba haka ba, mai haƙuri ya zauna a cikin yanayi na al'ada, yana ɗaukar abinci na yau da kullun, amma yana yin la'akari da yawan ruwan sha da rana.

Shirya kwalba na tarin fitsari 8, busassun bushewa a gaba. Kowane banki an sanya hannu, wanda ke nuna suna da baƙon haƙuri, sashen, kwanan wata da lokacin tarin fitsari.

Bankin 1st - daga 6 zuwa 9,
2nd - daga 9 zuwa 12 hours,
3rd - daga 12 zuwa 15 hours,
4th - daga 15 zuwa 18 hours,
5th - daga 18 zuwa 21 hours,
6th - daga 21 zuwa 24,
7th - daga 24 zuwa 3,
8th - daga 3 zuwa 6 hours.

Dole ne a faɗakar da mai haƙuri don kada ya rikice da gwangwani a lokacin urination kuma kada ya bar gwangwaniin fanko - ya kamata a tattara fitsari don kowane lokacin da aka nuna akan sa.

8 Ana tattara sassan fitsari a kowace rana. Da ƙarfe 6 na safe, mara lafiya ya kwance ƙwanƙwasa (an zubar wannan yanki). Bayan haka, daga ƙarfe 9 na safe, daidai kowane sa'o'i 3 ne ake tattara sassan fitsari a bankunan daban (har 6 na safe. Washegari). Dukkanin rabo ana ba su dakin gwaje-gwaje. Tare tare da fitsari, ana bayar da bayani game da yawan ruwan da aka sha kowace rana. Duba kuma: tarin fitsari don gwajin Zimnitsky

Ci gaban karatu

A kowane yanki, takamaiman nauyin fitsari da yawan fitsari an ƙaddara su. Eterayyade diureis yau da kullun. Kwatanta yawan fitsarin da aka fitar da shi da yawan ruwan da ke bugu sannan a gano kashi nawa na fitsari a cikin fitsari. Haɗa adadin yawan fitsari a bankunan huɗu na farkon kuma a bankunan huɗun na ƙarshe, sanannu ne na fitowar rana da fitowar fitowar dare.

Takamaiman gwargwadon girman kowane sashi yana ƙayyade kewayon hawa da sauka a cikin takamaiman nauyin fitsari da kuma mafi girman takaddama a ɗayan ɓangarorin fitsari. Kwatanta yawan adadin fitsari na kowane rabo, ƙayyade kewayon canzawa zuwa yawan fitsari na kowane rabo.

Me ake yi don binciken?

Hanyar tattara fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky za a bayyana shi kaɗan. Da farko, ya cancanci a ambaci jigon binciken. An wajabta ganewar asali ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ake zargi da ƙarancin aiki na fyaɗe da tsarin motsa jiki. Hakanan, za a iya bada shawarar bincike ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu yayin rajista don daukar ciki.

Rashin lafiya yana ba ka damar gano abubuwan da jikin mutum ke keɓewa a lokacin urin. Bugu da kari, an ƙaddara yawan adadin ruwa da jimillar adadinta. Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta launi da kasancewar laka.

Mataki na farko: shirya jiki

Algorithm don tattara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen farawar jiki da bin wasu ka'idodi. Kafin tattara kayan, ya kamata ka guji shan giya da abinci mai ƙima.

Hakanan, yawan shan ruwa mai yawa da kuma diuretics na iya gurbata sakamakon bincike. Ya kamata a cire samfuran kamar kankana, kankana da inabin daga abincin aƙalla a rana kafin a ɗauki kayan.

Mataki na biyu: shirya akwati

Sakin layi na gaba, wanda ke bayyana algorithm don tattara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky, ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen kwantena na musamman. Tabbas, zaku iya amfani da kwantena na abinci. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, dole ne su kasance cikin haifuwa sosai. In ba haka ba, sakamakon na iya zama na karya ne. Ka tuna cewa kayan da aka tattara zasu kasance cikin akwati sama da awa ɗaya. Yawan bautar da ake buƙata yawanci takwas ne.

Likitocin sun ba da shawarar siyan kwantena na musamman don tattara gwaje-gwaje.Ana siyar da su a cikin kowane sarkar kantin magani ko manyan kantuna da farashi kimanin 10-20 rubles. Bayar fifiko ga karfin daga 200 zuwa 500 milliliters. Idan ya cancanta, sayi gilashin mafi girma. Wadannan kwalba sun riga sun kasance bakararre kuma basa buƙatar ƙarin aiki. Dole ne a buɗe su kai tsaye kafin a ɗauki kayan.

Mataki na uku: tsara jigilar tafiye-tafiye bayan gida

Sakin layi na gaba, wanda aka ruwaito ta hanyar tarin tarin fitsari na Zimnitsky, yayi Magana game da buƙatar tattara jerin takaddama na lokaci. Don haka, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar woyi ƙwanƙwasa sau 8 yayin rana. Lokacin da yafi dacewa shine 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 00, 3 da 6 hours. Koyaya, zaku iya zaɓar jadawalin da ya dace muku. Ka tuna cewa tazara tsakanin tafiye-tafiye zuwa bayan gida ya zama bai zama ƙasa da sa'a uku ba. In ba haka ba, yanki na kayan za a iya ƙara ko a rage. Wannan zai haifar da gurbata sakamakon kuma rashin ganewar asali. Ya kamata a raba ranar gaba ɗaya zuwa kashi takwas daidai. Tare da ƙidaya mai sauƙi, zaku iya gano cewa kuna buƙatar yin urin in a cikin awa uku.

Mataki na hudu: tsabta mai kyau

Hanyar tattara fitsari bisa ga Zimnitsky (algorithm) ya ƙunshi farkon ayyukan hanyoyin tsabta. A wannan yanayin ne sakamakon zai zama daidai. Idan ba'a yi watsi da wannan abun ba, za'a iya gano kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin cuta a cikin kayan. Wannan zai ba da sakamako mara kyau na binciken.

Tabbatar ka wanke hannayenka da sabulu kafin kaimin fitsari. Don yin wannan, yana da kyau a yi amfani da masu tsabtace ƙwayoyin cuta. Hakanan kuna buƙatar riƙe ɗakin bayan al'aurar. Maza kawai suna bukatar wanke azzakarinsu. Mata, ban da wanka, suna buƙatar saka auduga swab cikin farjin. In ba haka ba, ƙwayar fitsari na iya motsawa ta hanyar kwararar fitsari a cikin ganga mai ruwa. Sakamakon binciken zai gurbata kuma zai zama ba abin dogaro ba ne.

Mataki na biyar: tattara fitsari

Bayan hanyoyin tsabtace jiki, kuna buƙatar fara tattara kayan. A tattara a cikin akwati da aka shirya gaba daya na yawan fitsari a wasu awanni. Bayan wannan, dole ne a sanya akwati, wanda ke nuna lokacin a kansa.

Wasu marasa lafiya suna amfani da akwati na tarawa. Bayan wannan, ana zubar da kayan daga gare shi a kan kwantena da aka shirya. Yana da kyau a san cewa ba za a iya yin wannan ba. Hanyar da aka yi kama da ita na iya haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma haifar da laka a kan ƙoƙon tsaye. Ka tattara fitsari kai tsaye cikin kwantena da aka tanada. Sannan a rufe kwandon a hankali tare da murfin da aka hada. Haramun ne a bude da kuma cike ruwan da aka tara.

Mataki na shida: adana kayan duniya da hanyar isarwa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje

Bayan akwati na farko ya cika, dole ne a sanyaya shi. Haramun ne a adana kayan gwajin a zazzabi a daki ko a cikin injin daskarewa. Mafi kyawun yanayin yanayin yana cikin kewayon daga 2 zuwa 10. Idan yana da zafi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su fara haɓaka cikin fitsari. A wannan yanayin, ana iya yin binciken da ba daidai ba na ƙwayoyin cuta.

Dole ne a kawo kayan a cikin dakin washegari, lokacin da za a fara ɗaukar ruwan na ƙarshe. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa an rufe dukkanin kwantena kuma an sanya hannu a ciki. Idan akwai asarar ruwa daga kowane kofi, tabbas yakamata ku sanar da mai dakin gwajin. In ba haka ba, sakamakon na iya zama gurbata, tunda yawancin abubuwan da aka yi nazari zasu canza.

Mahimmancin fasaha

Gwajin Zimnitsky yana ba ku damar sanin taro na abubuwan da aka narkar da fitsari, i.e. aikin taro na kodan.

Kodan suna yin aikin mafi mahimmanci yayin rana, suna ɗaukar abubuwa marasa amfani (samfuran metabolism) daga jini da jinkirta abubuwan da ake buƙata.Enalarfin raunin da zai mayar da hankali a kai sannan kuma ya narke fitsari kai tsaye ya dogara da ka'idar neurohumoral, ingantaccen aikin nephrons, hemodynamics da rheological Properties na jini, hawan jini na jini da sauran abubuwan. Rashin daidaituwa akan kowane mahaɗi yana haifar da lalata yara.

Bayyana sakamakon gwajin Zimnitsky

Adadin samfurin a cewar Zimnitsky

Jimlar yawan fitsari yau da kullun shine 1500-2000 ml.
Matsakaicin yawan shan ruwa da fitowar fitsari shine kashi 65-80%
Yawan fitsari da aka fitar yayin rana shine 2/3, dare - 1/3
Yawan saurin a cikin kwalba ɗaya ko sama sama da 1020 g / l
Yawan saurin kasa da 1035 g / l a cikin kwalba duka

Urinearancin fitsari mai yawa (hypostenuria)

Matsakaiciyar matakai na rashin cin nasara na koda (idan akwai damuwa amalloidosis na koda na koda, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis)
Tare da wuce gona da iri na pyelonephritis
Tare da rashin karfin zuciya (digiri 3-4)
Ciwon sukari insipidus

Babban yawan fitsari (hyperstenuria)

Ciwon sukari mellitus
Rage gushewar sel sel jini (sikila hawan jini, haemolysis, zubar jini)
Cutar guba da guba
M glomerulonephritis ko na kullum glomerulonephritis

Ciwon sukari mellitus
Ciwon sukari insipidus
Rashin wahala

Lokaci na shirye-shiryen kafin tattara bayanan binciken kuma wa wanda aka ba da shawarar wannan binciken

Wannan bincike yana taimakawa kimanta aikin koda.

Godiya ga wannan nau'in tsarin bincike, marasa lafiya sun sami damar gano yawancin cututtukan cuta a farkon matakan. Sabili da haka, ɗauki dukkan matakan lokaci don hana ci gaba da cutar.

Kada kuyi amfani da diuretics da kwayoyi,
bin tsayayyen abinci, wanda ake amfani dashi don cututtukan koda,
iyakance yawan shan ruwa.

Bugu da kari, kafin wucewa gwaje-gwaje, dole ne mai haƙuri ya wanke hannayensa da sabulu da gabobi.

An wajabta gwajin fitsari na Zimnitsky ga marasa lafiya masu zuwa:

tare da ake zargi da cutar pyelonephritis,
don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta,
tare da bayyanannun na koda gazawa,
tare da hauhawar jini
kan aiwatar da haihuwa.

Abinda kuke buƙata don bincike da dabarun tattara kayan

Don ƙaddamar da nazarin fitsari, kuna buƙatar sayan waɗannan kayan:

kwalba takwas masu tsafta na fitsari,
alkalami da takarda wanda mai haƙuri zai rubuta adadin ruwan ɗumin da aka cinye yayin binciken,
kallo ko na'urar tare da su.

Samun duk abubuwan da ke sama, zaku iya wuce ƙididdigar da ta dace.

Mahimmanci! Ya kamata a adana fitsari a firiji kawai. Amma duk da wannan, rayuwar shiryayye ba za ta iya wuce fiye da kwana biyu ba kuma a kowane yanayi ya kamata ya zama daskarewa.

Tarin fitsari don bincike a cewar Zimnitsky

Don bin ka'idodin tarin fitsari, dole ne a aiwatar da matakai kamar haka:

Da sanyin safiya, daidai karfe 6 na yamma ana buƙatar zuwa banɗaki, yayin tattara wannan fitsari ba lallai bane,
farkon tarin binciken dole ne a fara a 9. 00, ba tare da la'akari da ko mai haƙuri yana da sha'awar ba ko a'a,
sannan a cikin ranar ana maimaita tarin fitsari daidai sa'o'i uku daga baya, don wannan shine mafi kyawun insure kanka da agogo ƙararrawa don kar a bata lokacin saita,
cikin rana guda kawai, mara lafiya ya sami kwalba takwas, wanda, kafin ya cika ta ƙarshe, tilas a adana shi a cikin firiji, sannan a kai shi dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Aline na tattara algorithm na mata masu juna biyu da yara

Matan da ke da juna biyu suna yin gwaje-gwaje gaba daya

Amma game da yara, kafin wucewa gwajin, kuna buƙatar tsabtace gabobin yaro a kowane lokaci, kuma kuyi gwajin kawai a cikin kwalba mai tsabta, zai fi kyau idan akwati ce ta musamman da aka siya a kantin magani. Tsarin tarin fitsari na zimnitsky na yara daidai yake da na manya. Dalilin da ya sa iyaye suke buƙatar yin cikakken kulawa a duk tsawon lokacin da suka yi gwajin shine don tabbatar da cewa yarinyar ba ta kowane hali ta cinye ruwa mai yawa kuma baya cin abinci da ke haifar da ƙishirwa.

Yaya bincike

Ana gudanar da binciken ne akayi daban-daban ga kowane bangare na fitsari.

Don ƙayyade yawa, ana amfani da ƙwararren hydrometer-urometer. Bayan duk binciken da ake buƙata, an shigar da bayanin a cikin wani tsari na musamman ko a tura shi hannun mai haƙuri ko likita.

Menene gwajin Zimnitsky

Hanyar ganewar asali dangane da bincike na yanke hukunci (sharewa) ana al’adar da aka yarda da shi amintacce ne kuma abin dogara ne.An bayyana ma'anar sharewa ko rarrabewa daidai da ƙimar plasma na jini (ml), wanda cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci za'a iya share shi ta hanyar ƙwararrun wani abu. Kai tsaye ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: shekarun mai haƙuri, aikin maida hankali ne na kodan da takamaiman abu da ke tattare da aiwatar da tacewa.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan yarda guda hudu:

Tsarin iska. Wannan shine girman plasma, wanda a cikin minti daya an tsabtace shi gaba daya daga abubuwan da ba zasu iya amfani da su ba ta amfani da matattarar duniya. Wannan shine gurbataccen tsarkakakken abin da creatinine yake dashi, shine dalilinda yasa galibi ana amfani dashi don auna yawan tsaftacewa ta hanyar dunqulewar kodan.
Nishadi. Tsarin yayin da wani abu ya toshe gaba daya ta hanyar tacewa ko kuma cirewa (shine lokacin da abubuwa basa gudana a dunkulewar duniya, amma shigar da lumbar tubule daga jinin abubuwanda ke gudana). Don auna adadin ƙwayar plasma da aka wuce ta ƙodan, ana amfani da dioderast - abu ne na musamman, tun da yake shine keɓaɓɓiyar tsarkakewa wanda ya cika burin.
Sake sakewa. Tsarin da abubuwa masu kyau suke sake cikawa a cikin tubules na koda kuma an raba shi ta hanyar duniyan. Don aunawa, ana amfani da abubuwa masu ƙoshin ma'anar tsarkakewa (alal misali, glucose ko furotin), tunda a babbar haɗuwa a cikin jini zasu iya taimakawa wajen tantance aikin tubules.
Cakuda. Idan abu mai jujjuyawar abu yana da ikon sake buɗe ɓangaren, kamar urea, to sharewar za a gauraya.
Rashin daidaituwa na tsarkake abu shine bambanci tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin wannan abun cikin fitsari da kuma a cikin plasma a cikin minti daya. Don yin lissafi wanda ke aiki (sharewa), ana amfani da tsari mai zuwa:

C = (U x V): P, inda C shine share (ml / min), U shine maida hankali ne akan abu a cikin fitsari (mg / ml), V shine minti diuresis (ml / min), P shine maida hankali ne akan abu a plasma (mg / ml).

Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da creatinine da urea don bambanta ganewar asali game da cututtukan koda kuma tantance aikin tubules da glomeruli.

Babban burin binciken

Ana yin gwajin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky ana gudanar da shi lokacin da ake tuhuma da wani tsari na kumburi cikin kodan. Wannan hanyar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje tana baka damar sanin adadin abubuwan da aka narke a cikin fitsari, watau a tantance aikin maida hankali na kodan.

Idan a ƙarƙashin tasirin ilimin halittar cuta ya saɓa ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka bayyana a sama yana faruwa, ƙodan ya fara aiki ba daidai ba, an keta tsarin aikin metabolism ɗin gaba ɗaya kuma jinin yana canzawa, wanda zai iya cutar da aikin duk tsarin jikin mutum. Abin da ya sa yayin gudanar da bincike, ana ba da kulawa mafi kusa ga yawan fitsari a lokuta daban-daban na rana da jimlar fitar fitsari don lokacin da aka sanya don binciken.

Manuniya don

Gudanar da gwajin Zimnitsky yana da kyau a cikin shari'ar lokacin da likita yana buƙatar tantance takamaiman nauyi da girman ƙwayar da aka keɓe kowace rana.Dakatar da matsalar rashin aiki na koda (CRF), kula da yanayin rikicewar cutar pyelonephritis ko glomerulonephritis, gano cutar hauka ko ciwon sukari na iya zama abubuwan da ake bukata a gwajin. Hakanan, ya kamata a dauki fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky lokacin da sakamakon binciken gaba ɗaya bashi da labari. Gwajin ya dace da marasa lafiya na kowane zamani, yara da lokacin daukar ciki.

Shiri don tarin bincike

Usearyata shan diuretics na shuka ko asalin magani,
Bi abinci da abin da aka saba da mai haƙuri (ƙuntatawa kawai ga amfani da abinci mai yaji da gishiri wanda zai iya haifar da ƙishirwa, da abinci wanda zai iya lalata fitsari - beets, da sauransu),
Guji yawan shan ruwa mai yawa.

Maganin tarin algorithm

Kafin tattara kashi na gaba na fitsari don gwajin Zimnitsky, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya wanke kansa sosai don ware fitowar microflora na pathogenic a cikin kayan dakin gwaje-gwaje. Matsakaicin yanki na fitsari tare da ƙaramin akalla milimita 70 ya dace don tarawa domin kimanta ƙimar kowane samfurin yadda yakamata sosai.

Kafin tattara ƙwayoyin halitta, mai haƙuri dole ne ya shirya kwantena mai bushe guda takwas a gaba, ɗaya don kowane lokaci, kuma rubuta suna a kansu, tare da nuna lokacin tazara gwargwadon jadawalin tarin fitsari.

Ana aiwatar da tarin urine kai tsaye bayan farkawa a farkon tafiya zuwa bayan gida, daga 6:00 zuwa 9:00, ba a tattara fitsari. Bayan haka, bayan 9:00 wajibi ne don tara samfurori a cikin adadin guda takwas.

Samfurin samar da samfur kamar haka:

daga 09:00 zuwa 12:00 - kashi na farko,
daga 12:00 zuwa 15:00 - kashi na biyu,
daga 15:00 zuwa 18:00 - kashi na uku,
daga 18:00 zuwa 21:00 - kashi na huɗu,
daga 21:00 zuwa 24:00 - kashi na biyar,
daga 24:00 zuwa 03:00 - na shida bautar,
daga 03:00 zuwa 06:00 - kashi na bakwai,
daga 06:00 zuwa 09:00 - hidima ta takwas.

Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa idan a cikin kowane lokaci na lokaci mai haƙuri ya sami yawan buƙatu don urinate, kuna buƙatar tattara duk ruwa, ba za ku iya zuba komai ba. Idan ƙarfin tattara fitsari a cikin wannan lokacin ya riga ya cika, kana buƙatar ɗaukar ƙarin tukunya don tarawa kuma kar ka manta da nuna tarin lokacin akan sa bisa ga algorithm.

Idan, a cikin kowane tsaka-tsakin, mara lafiya ba ya jin marmarin yin fitsari kwata-kwata, to, yakamata a aika da jakar komai a dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance ƙimar yawan ruwan da aka saki.

A lokacin rana, yakamata a adana kwantena gwajin a cikin sanyi (zai fi dacewa a firiji), kuma gobe da safe ya kamata a ɗauki kayan zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, rufe bayanan kula akan yawan ruwan da ake amfani dashi lokacin tattara fitsari.

Me yasa muke buƙatar samfurin fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky

Gwajin Zimnitsky da nufin ƙayyade matakin gurɓataccen abubuwa a cikin fitsari.

Yawan fitsari sau da yawa yakan canza sau ɗaya a kowace rana, launinsa, ƙanshinsa, girma, da kuma yawan fitsari suma suna canzawa.

Hakanan, bincike bisa ga Zimnitsky na iya nuna canji a cikin yawan fitsari, wanda ke ba da damar bayyana matakin taro na abubuwa.

Yawancin abubuwan da ke tattare da fitsari sun hada da uric acid da urea, gami da gishiri da sauran mahadi na kwayoyin.Idan fitsari ya ƙunshi furotin, glucose, da wasu abubuwan da ƙoshin lafiya ba ya fitar da su, likita zai iya yanke hukunci tsakanin matsaloli tare da kodan da sauran gabobin.

Wadanne cututtuka ne aka wajabta don bincike?

An nuna gwajin na Zimnitsky don gazawar renal, ɗayan alamun farko waɗanda suke matsaloli tare da fitar fitsari. Wannan nau'in bincike ne da likita ya tsara idan kun yi zaton ci gaban irin waɗannan cututtukan:

hauhawar jini
nau'in ciwon sukari
cutar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da na kullum
tsari mai kumburi a cikin kodan.

Mahimmancin nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky

Wanene aka tsara don bincike bisa ga hanyar Zimnitsky?

Yadda ake wuce fitsari daidai?

Gwangwani 8. Ana ɗaukar fitsari a cikin kwantena masu tsabta. Ana iya samun kwantena na musamman inda ake tattara fitsari yau da kullun a shagunan magunguna.
Takarda da alkalami. Tare da taimakonsu, mara lafiyar yana gyara adadin ruwan da ya ɗora lokacin tattara fitsari. Duk abin da ake buƙatar la'akari dashi, gami da katako, miya, da sauransu. Teburin tare da bayanan an wuce shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Na'ura mai ɗauke da agogo, misali, waya da agogo ƙararrawa.

Ana shirya mai haƙuri don bincike

Kayan Gudanar da Kayayyaki

Hanyar tattara fitsari bisa ga Zimnitsky ya ƙunshi ainihin aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa:

Da safe, da ƙarfe 6 na yamma, kuna buƙatar zuwa banɗaki kamar yadda aka saba.
Bayan sa'o'i 3, a 9.00, ba tare da la'akari da sha'awar ba, tarin fitsari yana farawa a cikin gilashi don bincike.
Ana maimaita tsarin kowane sa'o'i 3 - a 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 3, 6 hours da kama lokacin bacci. Wannan abin da agogon ƙararrawa yake. Tsawon lokacin aikin shine kwana 1.
Gwangwani 8 na samfuran fitsari an adana shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi, jim kaɗan bayan cika na ƙarshe, ana ɗauka zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Ka'idojin samun fitsari yayin daukar ciki

Algorithm na tarin yara

Menene gwajin urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky ya nuna?

Fitarwa daga ka'idodi: alamomi da dalilai

Urinearancin fitsari mai yawa

Halin dijital na ma'anar ƙeta shine alamar da ke ƙasa 1.012 a cikin dukkanin samfuran 8 na kayan. Wannan hoton yana nuna wani rauni ga rauni na juyawar fitsari na fari ta hanta. Wannan yana nuna yiwuwar irin waɗannan cututtukan:

tafiyar matakai mai kumburi (alal misali, pyelonephritis) a cikin babban matakin,
tsananin rauni na zuciya
rashin koda koda,
ciwon sukari insipidus (cutar ba kasada ba)
mummunan tasiri akan sashin da aka haɗa da baƙin ƙarfe mai nauyi,
tare da tsawaita haɓakar furotin da abinci mai gishiri.

Yawan yawan fitsari

Tare da haɓaka yawan fitsari a kowane ɗayan gwanon, mai nuna zai wuce 1.025 kuma yana nufin cewa tsarin juye juye ya wuce aikin tsaftar fitsari a cikin glomeruli.Wannan hoton alama ce ta toxicosis a lokacin daukar ciki, cutar sankarar mellitus, nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta glomerulonephritis. Zubar da jini, kazalika da hemoglobinopathy, wanda ke haifar da rushewar ƙwayoyin sel ja, kuma zasu iya haifar da ci gaban dysfunction.

Rage yawan fitsari a kullum

Gwajin Zimnitsky yana nuna takamaiman nauyi na ƙwayar ruwan da aka saki tare da Pathoits ƙasa da 65% na ƙwaƙwalwa a rana ɗaya ko ƙasa da lita 1.5. Abubuwan da ke haifar da jijiyoyin jiki - lalatattun ayyukan sarrafawa na gungun mai siffofi da ke da nau'in wake. An lura dasu tare da raunin zuciya ko koda, cin guba ta hanyar fungible fungi, saukar karfin jini. Hakanan yana iya zama sakamakon iyakancewar ɗimbin ruwa ko haɓaka gumi.

Shirya mai haƙuri

Shirya kwalba na tarin fitsari 8, busassun bushewa a gaba. Kowane banki an sanya hannu, wanda ke nuna suna da baƙon haƙuri, sashen, kwanan wata da lokacin tarin fitsari.

Bankin 1st - daga 6 zuwa 9,
2nd - daga 9 zuwa 12 hours,
3rd - daga 12 zuwa 15 hours,
4th - daga 15 zuwa 18 hours,
5th - daga 18 zuwa 21 hours,
6th - daga 21 zuwa 24,
7th - daga 24 zuwa 3,
8th - daga 3 zuwa 6 hours.

Dole ne a faɗakar da mai haƙuri don kada ya rikice da gwangwani a lokacin urination kuma kada ya bar gwangwaniin fanko - ya kamata a tattara fitsari don kowane lokacin da aka nuna akan sa.

Ci gaban karatu

Me ake yi don binciken?

Maganin tarin hanta don Zimnitsky

Idan ana ba da shawarar irin wannan binciken a gare ku, to lallai ne ya kamata ku bincika tare da likitan duk halayen. In ba haka ba, ba za ku iya shirya yadda yakamata ba, kuma fasahar tattara fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky za a keta.

Algorithm ya haɗa da shiri don ganewar asali. Bayan lura da wasu yanayi, wajibi ne a zaɓi abinci mai kyau, tattara ruwan da aka saki da adana shi a zazzabi da ya dace. Wajibi ne a sadar da bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje a wani lokaci tare da yarda da kwararrun. Yaya ake tattara fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky? Za'a gabatar muku da tsarin aikin na gaba.

Mataki na farko: shirya jiki

Algorithm don tattara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen farawar jiki da bin wasu ka'idodi. Kafin tattara kayan, ya kamata ka guji shan giya da abinci mai ƙima.

Hakanan, yawan shan ruwa mai yawa da kuma diuretics na iya gurbata sakamakon bincike. Ya kamata a cire samfuran kamar kankana, kankana da inabin daga abincin aƙalla a rana kafin a ɗauki kayan.

Mataki na biyu: shirya akwati

Sakin layi na gaba, wanda ke bayyana algorithm don tattara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky, ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen kwantena na musamman.Tabbas, zaku iya amfani da kwantena na abinci. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, dole ne su kasance cikin haifuwa sosai. In ba haka ba, sakamakon na iya zama na karya ne. Ka tuna cewa kayan da aka tattara zasu kasance cikin akwati sama da awa ɗaya. Yawan bautar da ake buƙata yawanci takwas ne.

Likitocin sun ba da shawarar siyan kwantena na musamman don tattara gwaje-gwaje. Ana siyar da su a cikin kowane sarkar kantin magani ko manyan kantuna da farashi kimanin 10-20 rubles. Bayar fifiko ga karfin daga 200 zuwa 500 milliliters. Idan ya cancanta, sayi gilashin mafi girma. Wadannan kwalba sun riga sun kasance bakararre kuma basa buƙatar ƙarin aiki. Dole ne a buɗe su kai tsaye kafin a ɗauki kayan.

Mataki na uku: tsara jigilar tafiye-tafiye bayan gida

Mataki na hudu: tsabta mai kyau

Mataki na biyar: tattara fitsari

Mataki na shida: adana kayan duniya da hanyar isarwa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje

Mahimmancin fasaha

Gwajin Zimnitsky yana ba ku damar sanin taro na abubuwan da aka narkar da fitsari, i.e. aikin taro na kodan.

Kodan suna yin aikin mafi mahimmanci yayin rana, suna ɗaukar abubuwa marasa amfani (samfuran metabolism) daga jini da jinkirta abubuwan da ake buƙata. Enalarfin raunin da zai mayar da hankali a kai sannan kuma ya narke fitsari kai tsaye ya dogara da ka'idar neurohumoral, ingantaccen aikin nephrons, hemodynamics da rheological Properties na jini, hawan jini na jini da sauran abubuwan. Rashin daidaituwa akan kowane mahaɗi yana haifar da lalata yara.

Binciken fitsari na Zimnitsky - yadda ake tattarawa?

Ana ɗaukar tarin ruwan fitsari domin wannan binciken a wasu awanni na rana. Babu hani game da tsarin abinci da tsarin aikin sha.

Don shirya don bincike, kuna buƙatar:

8 kwalba mai tsabta tare da ƙarar kusan 200-500 ml. Kowane kwalba ana alama daidai gwargwado na tsawon sa'o'i uku: suna da ƙaddamarwar mai haƙuri, adadin samfurin (daga 1 zuwa 8) da lokacin lokacin,
agogo tare da aikin ƙararrawa (don kar ku manta da lokacin da kuke buƙatar urinate),
takarda takarda don yin ɗimbin ruwan da aka cinye lokacin ranar da ake tattara fitsari (gami da adadin ruwan da aka bayar tare da farko, madara, da sauransu),

A tsakanin tsarancin awa uku-uku na tsawon awanni 24, dole ne a tattara fitsari a cikin kwalba daban. I.e. kowane tulu yakamata ya ƙunshi fitsari wanda aka keɓe cikin takamaiman lokacin awa uku.

A tsakanin tsakanin 6.00 da 7.00 da safe ya kamata kaimata a cikin bayan gida, i.e. babu buƙatar tattara fitsari na dare.
Bayan haka, a lokuta na yau da kullun na tsawon awanni 3, ya kamata a urinate a cikin kwalba (sabon gilashi don kowane urination). Tashin hanji yana farawa ne bayan urination na dare, kafin karfe 9.00 da safe (tukunyar farko), ya ƙare kafin ƙarfe 6.00 na safe na rana mai zuwa (ƙarshe, tukunyar takwas).
Ba lallai ba ne don zuwa banɗaki a kan agogo na ƙararrawa (daidai daidai da 9, 12 da safe, da dai sauransu) kuma jure awanni 3. Yana da mahimmanci cewa duk fitsari da aka cire a cikin tsawan awa uku an sanya shi cikin tukunyar da ta dace.
Yi hankali da rubutu a jikin wata takarda duk ruwan da aka cinye lokacin kwanakin nan da adadinta.
Kowace tulu nan da nan bayan an fitar da urination a cikin firiji don ajiya.
Idan babu kwaya ta hanjin kazar a lokacin da aka shirya, to bar gilashin ya zama wofi. Kuma tare da polyuria, lokacin da gilashi ya cika kafin ƙarshen lokacin 3-hour, mai haƙuri yana urinates a cikin ƙarin kwalba, kuma baya zuba fitsari a cikin bayan gida.
Da safe bayan urination na ƙarshe, duk kwalba (gami da ƙarin) tare da takaddun rikodin akan ruwan da ya bugu ya kamata a kai su dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin 2 hours.

9:00 na safe.

12-00

15-00

18-00

21-00

24-00

3-00

6-00 a.m.

Bayyana sakamakon gwajin Zimnitsky

Game da bincike

Don gudanar da shi daidai, kuna buƙatar cikakken bin duk shawarwarin masu halayen likita game da tarin kayan tarihi, alamar kwantena, yanayin ajiya da lokacin jigilar kaya zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sau da yawa yana da wahala sosai a fassara sakamakon, saboda haka ƙwararren masani ne kaɗai zai iya yin wannan. Gwajin Zimnitsky ita ce hanya mai araha don gudanar da gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, manufar hakan ita ce gano kumburi a cikin kodan da gabobin ciki. Irin wannan bincike na iya yin kwaikwayon aikin kodan tare da nuna cin zarafin aikin su.

A cikin wannan labarin, muna yin la’akari da algorithm don tattara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky.

Yadda za a shirya don tarin bincike?

Abubuwan da ke tattare da bayanin da daidaito game da sakamakon bincike na Zimnitsky na iya shafar wasu magunguna da mai haƙuri ke amfani da su, da abinci. Saboda haka, aƙalla kwana ɗaya kafin lokacin tattara fitsari, kuna buƙatar bin wasu shawarwari masu sauƙi:

ƙi yin amfani da diuretic na magunguna da asalin ganye,
bin umarnin mai haƙuri da tsarin abinci na yau da kullun (a lokaci guda, ya kamata ku iyakance kanku ga cin abinci mai gishiri, abinci mai yaji wanda zai iya haifar da ƙishirwa, har ma da abincin da zai iya shafar fitsari, kamar beets, da sauransu),
iyakance yawan shan giya.

Algorithm don tattara fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky abu ne mai sauki.

Shawarwari

Ya kamata a tuna cewa idan mai haƙuri yana da sha'awoyi da yawa don urin ute a cikin wani lokaci na lokaci, ya zama dole a tattara ruwa mai cike, babu abin da za a iya zubowa. Idan akwati don tattara kayan tarihi na wani lokaci da aka rigaya ya cika, kana buƙatar ɗaukar ƙarin ƙarfin kuma tabbatar tabbatar lokacin a kan shi daidai da tarin algorithm ɗin. Idan mai haƙuri bai ji daɗin buƙata ba a kowane tsaka-tsakin, to ya kamata a aika da tukunyar fan ɗin don gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance ƙarar ruwan daidai.

A cikin kullun, duk kwantena tare da fitsari ya kamata a kiyaye shi a cikin sanyi (wuri mafi kyau shine firiji), kuma washegari da safe ya kamata a kawo kayan zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, ƙara bayanin kula akan yawan ruwan da mai haƙuri ya ɗauka yayin tarin.

Idan kun keta tsarin tattara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky, to, dabarar sa ba za ta kasance ba daidai ba, wanda hakan zai haifar da karuwa da haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta. Wannan yana taimakawa rage girmanta. Saboda wannan, ƙwararraki na iya samun sakamakon da ba daidai ba kuma suka sami ƙarshen yanke shawara.

Yadda ake tattara kayan tarihi?

Don tattara fitsari don gwajin Zimnitsky, kwararru suna buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Don gudanar da binciken, kuna buƙatar:

kwantena takwas masu tsabta
awanni tare da ƙararrawa, tunda ana yin tarin fitsari a wani lokaci,
littafin rubutu don bayanin kula akan ruwa da aka dauka yayin rana, gami da karar da tazo da darasin farko (miyan, borsch), madara, da sauransu.

Algorithm don tara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky a cikin manya sune kamar haka:

Ka cire maganin a misalin shida na safe.
A lokacin rana, kowane awanni uku wajibi ne don komai a cikin kwantena, wato, daga tara na farkon ranar farko zuwa shida na safe na biyu.
A hankali a cika kwalba a hankali a rufe.
Washegari, za a kawo kwantena tare da tara kayan tarihin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da bayanin kula a cikin littafin rubutu.

Ya kamata a bi diddigin tarin fitsari don Zimnitsky a hankali.

Siffofin gwajin Zimnitsky

Hanyar ganewar asali ta amfani da binciken sharewa (ko nunawa) yafi amintacce kuma ingantacce. Cirewar kasa wani abu ne wanda yake da ma'anar tsarkakewa, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman yawan plasma na jini wanda za'a iya share shi daga wani abu ta hanjin yara. Ana haifar dashi ta hanyar dalilai kamar shekarun mai haƙuri, wani abu wanda yake ɗaukar matakai don tacewa, da kuma aiki da kodan. Algorithm na tarin fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky yana da amfani ga mutane da yawa.

An bambanta nau'ikan sharewa iri iri.

Matsewa - adadin plasma wanda aka share gaba daya a cikin minti daya ta hanyar dunƙule dunƙulen daga abu mara amfani. Creatinine yana da alamomi iri ɗaya, saboda haka galibi ana amfani dashi don auna adadin tacewa.
Excretion tsari ne wanda ake fitar da wani abu gaba daya ta hanyar keɓance ko kuma tacewa. Don ƙididdige yawan ƙwayar plasma da ya wuce ta ƙodan, ana amfani da diodrast - abu na musamman, ma'anar tsarkakewa wanda ya dace da burin da aka saita.
Reabsorption - irin wannan tsari lokacin da akwai cikakken reabsorption na abubuwa masu tacewa a cikin tubules na koda, har ma da cire su ta hanyar haɗa dunƙule. Don auna wannan ƙimar, ana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke da wadataccen sifili na sifili (furotin / glucose), tunda yayin hawan su na jini zasu iya taimakawa wajen kimanta aikin aikin tubular reabsorption. Menene kuma zai taimaka wajen tantance dabarar tattara bayanan fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky?
Cakuda - damar da wani abu mai gurɓataccen ga ɗanɗana reabsorb, misali, urea. A wannan yanayin, za a tantance mai aiki kamar bambanci tsakanin maida hankali ga wani abu da aka bayar a cikin plasma da fitsari a cikin minti guda.

Don gudanar da bincike na bambance-bambancen cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar koda tare da kimanta aiki na glomeruli da tubules, urea da creatinine galibi ana amfani dasu. Idan, a gaban narkewar dysfunction, maida hankali ne na ƙarshen yayi ƙaruwa, wannan ya zama alama ta farkon farawar koda. A lokaci guda, alamomin tattara bayanan creatinine suna ƙaruwa sosai fiye da urea, don haka yana nuna yawancin alamun ganewar asali. Ka'idojin tattara fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky da algorithm ya kamata likita ya faɗi hakan.

Sakamakon bincike da fassarar su

Gaskiyar cewa aikin tattara kodan ya zama na al'ada ana nuna ta sakamakon da aka samu a sakamakon binciken da fassarar su:

Yawan fitsarin da aka tara a rana ya zama mafi yawan fitsarin dare a cikin kashi uku zuwa daya,
Yawan fitsari a kowace rana yakamata a haɗa cikin aƙalla kashi saba'in na ruwan da aka cinye a lokaci guda,
takamaiman ikon abu zai iya canzawa a cikin kewayon daga 1010 zuwa 1035 l a cikin duk kwantena tare da samfurori,
adadin ruwa da aka saki a rana yakamata ya zama a kalla daya da rabi kuma ba fiye da mil dubu biyu ba.

Idan sakamakon binciken nazarin halittu ya karkace daga alamu na yau da kullun, akwai dalilin yin magana game da rashin aiki na kodan, wanda aka ƙaddara ta kowane tsari mai kumburi ko cututtukan tsarin endocrine.

A ƙasa al'ada

Misali, idan takamammen abu mai ƙarfi yana ƙasa da wani yanayi (hypostenuria), yana da mahimmanci don bincika aikin keta taro, wanda hakan na iya zama sakamakon tarin abubuwan ƙirar halitta, amfanin rashin daidaituwa (gami da shirye-shiryen ganye tare da tasirin ɗaya), ko kuma tare da abubuwan da ke biyowa:

m pyelonephritis ko kumburi na ƙashin ƙugu,
raunin koda na koda, wanda ya samo asali daga cutar ta pyelonephritis da sauran cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, idan ba a warke ba,
ciwon sukari, ko ciwon sukari insipidus,
rashin karfin zuciya, wanda yake haifar da zubewar jini.

Babban abu shi ne cewa binciken ya dace da dabarun tattara fitsari bisa ga Zimnitsky da algorithm.

Sama da na al'ada

A yanayin yayin da takamaiman nauyin fitsari ya wuce iyakokin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar aiki, wannan yana zama hujja na abubuwan da ke cikin kayan ɗakin abubuwa na abubuwan da ke da babban yawa, alal misali, glucose ko furotin. Sakamakon rarrabewa da irin wannan sakamakon, ana iya gano waɗannan cututtukan masu zuwa:

tabarbarewar tsarin endocrine (shari'ar musamman - mellitus diabetes),
gestosis ko guba a cikin mata masu juna biyu,
m mai kumburi tsari.

Ta amfani da gwajin Zimnitsky, Hakanan zaka iya ƙididdige yawan adadin ruwa da aka saki. Idan wannan girma ya fi girma fiye da na al'ada (polyuria), to wannan na iya siginar cututtuka kamar su, ciwon sukari, da gazawar koda. Idan diuresis na yau da kullun, akasin haka, yana raguwa (oliguria), to wannan yana nuna gazawar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin matakai na gaba ko gazawar zuciya.

A wasu halaye, ana iya gano nocturia a cikin ma'anar launi, wato, babban ƙaruwa a diuresis da daddare idan aka kwatanta da yawan urination na yau da kullun. Irin wannan karkatarwa yana nuna cewa akwai ci gaban rashin zuciya ko rashin aiki sosai na kodan.

Yadda ake tattara fitsari

Don tattara fitsari don bincike bisa ga Zimnitsky, dole ne a fara shirya:

Sayi ko karɓa a asibiti kwalba 8, har zuwa 0.5 l.
Shiga kan lambar surar, suna, sunan mahaifin yara, lokacin tarin fitsari.
Kafin yarinyar ta fitar da shi, dole ne a wanke kaciyar.
Guji cin abinci wanda zai iya haifar da ƙishirwa.
Kada ku ci ko sha abinci tare da launuka na halitta da na mutum.
Idan yaro ya ɗauki magunguna ko ganye tare da sakamako na diuretic, to, kafin a gudanar da bincike bisa ga Zimnitsky, ya kamata a bar magungunan ganyayyaki.
A ranar da aka shirya yin bincike, zaku iya saita ƙararrawa wanda zai ba da sigina a cikin kowane 3 hours don kar ku manta da tattara fitsari.
Shirya takarda don yin rikodin adadin ruwan da ya bugu yayin rana. Miyan, kayayyakin kiwo ma an gyara su.

A ranar jarrabawar Zimnitsky, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yaron ya yi sauƙaƙe a cikin bayan gida da safe. Bayan haka, ana tattara fitsari a cikin rana a matsakaicin 1 lokaci cikin awa 3, saboda ana samun sabis 8.

Don tara fitsari yadda yakamata don bincike, dole a lura da shawarwarin masu zuwa:

A kowane lokaci, jariri ya kamata ya yi urin cikin sabon kwalba.
Idan a kowane lokaci, ba zai yiwu a tattara fitsari don bincike ba a cewar Zimnitsky, an bar tukunyar babu komai.
Lokacin da babu isasshen ƙarfin fitsari, yi amfani da ƙarin, kada a zubar da samfuran cikin banɗaki.
Idan yaro ya yi urin sau da yawa a cikin awanni 3, ana tattara duk fitsari a cikin kwalbar da ta dace.
Ana adana duk fitsari da aka tattara a cikin firiji.

An tattara yanki na ƙarshe na fitsari don binciken Zimnitsky da safe. Duk kwalba, gami da marayu, ana kai su dakin gwaje-gwaje. Tabbatar yin amfani da ɗan ƙaramin ganye wanda ke da bayani game da ruwa mai shan maye a kowace rana, ƙara da lokacin amfani.

Norms a cikin yaro

Sakamakon gwajin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky ana ɗauka abu ne na al'ada idan suka dace da alamu masu zuwa:

A cikin yaro, yawan ruwa yakan fita daga jiki a cikin ƙarar kusan kashi 60 zuwa 80% na abubuwan da aka cinye.
Diureis na yau da kullun yana daga lita 1.5 zuwa 2. A cikin jarirai da yara har zuwa shekaru 10, ana lissafin shi ta hanyar: 600 + 100 * (N-1). Ta hanyar N ana nufin shekaru ne. A cikin yara sama da shekara 10, ana amfani da alamar nuna kusanci ga wani.
A dare, yaro yana nuna 1/3 na yawan fitsari yau da kullun, yayin rana - 2/3.
Akwai tsarin karin fitsari a waje wanda ya dogara da yawan ruwan da yaron ya sha.
Matsakaicin alamu masu yawa bisa ga binciken Zimnitsky daga 1.013 zuwa 1.025. Yayin rana, mai nuna yana canzawa. Bambanci tsakanin ƙarami da mafi ƙaranci shine akalla 0.007.
Yawan fitsari a cikin kwalba bai wuce 1.020 ba.
Babu samfurori tare da yawa a sama da 1.035.

Mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya kimanta duk sakamakon da aka samu na binciken da bayanin abubuwan da aka saba.

Hypostenuria

Hypostenuria yana halin ƙananan ƙwayar fitsari. A cikin kwantena, maida hankali bai wuce 1.023 g / l ba, ba a gano canji ba, kasa da 0.007. Akwai ɗan ƙaramin juyawa.

Kasancewar hypostenuria a cikin bincike a cewar Zimnitsky yana nuna:

Pyelonephritis wata cuta ce mai ƙwaƙwalwa da ke faruwa wanda ya shafi ƙashin ƙugu, calyx, da kuma parenchyma. Rage yawa yana lura musamman a cikin yanayin na kullum na cutar.
Rashin hankali na zuciya - rauni na zubar jini da raguwa da matsin lamba. Yaron yakan saba zuwa bayan gida da daddare, kuma karatuttukan yana nuna raguwa da yawaitar yawan fitsari.
Rashin gajiya - jiki ya daina yin ayyukansa gaba ɗaya. Yara suna da ƙishirwa, rashin lafiya mai kyau, fitsari mai ɗaci, haɓaka da yawaitar urination.
Rashin salts, furotin - a sakamakon haka, ana rarrabe hanyoyin fitar da ɗarin fitsari.
Wani nau'in ciwon sukari - ana nuna shi ta dalilin rashi na vasopressin, a sakamakon haka, fitowar urinary daga jiki yana da damuwa, kuma yawanta yana raguwa. Yaro mara lafiya yana yawan jin ƙishirwa.

Abubuwan Pathologies suna da alaƙa da aikin keɓaɓɓiyar aiki.

Hyperstenuria

Hyperstenuria yana haɓaka ta ƙaruwa da yawa - aƙalla a cikin akwati ɗaya, maida hankali ya fi 1.035 g / l. Urineaukar fitsari a cikin yara yayi saurin jujjuyawar juji, ƙarar yau da kullun ta ragu.

Sakamakon binciken da aka yi kama da sakamakon binciken na Zimnitsky an lura da shi akan banbancin cututtukan masu zuwa:

Glomerulonephritis - raguwar permeability na glomeruli, furotin, ana samun sel jini a cikin fitsari, ana riƙe ruwa da kuma sodium.
Ciwon sukari mellitus - juyewar baya yana da damuwa, ana samun karuwar abubuwan haemoglobin a cikin jini.
Cututtukan jini - tare da hauhawar danko, yawancin abubuwan da suke gudana a cikin fitsari an wanke su daga jiki.

Nazarin mahaifa bisa ga Zimnitsky: tarin fitsari, ɓoye sakamako, fasali

Yaya karatun yake

Rage sakamakon bincike

A takaice dai bayanin alamomin bincike a cewar Zimnitsky

Maganin tarin hanta don Zimnitsky

Norms na nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky

Kwayar fassarar urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky, tebur

Daban-daban nau'ikan gwaji

Alƙawarin

Abin da gwajin aiki a cewar Zimnitsky zai nuna

Bayani mai amfani

Tunani darajar

Lokacin da aka shirya yin nazari

Me yasa muke buƙatar samfurin fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky

Wadanne cututtuka ne aka wajabta don bincike?

Alamar al'ada don manya da yara

Bayyanance bincike bisa ga Zimnitsky daga bayanan da aka samo

Yadda ake tattara fitsari don bincike a cewar Zimnitsky

Shiri da tarin abu don bincike

Tebur: darajar ƙirar Zimnitsky ta al'ada

Yaya ake tattara fitsari don gwajin Zimnitsky?

Me yasa ake yin gwajin Zimnitsky?

Adadin samfurin a cewar Zimnitsky

Urinearancin fitsari mai yawa (hypostenuria)

Babban yawan fitsari (hyperstenuria)

Lokaci na shirye-shiryen kafin tattara bayanan binciken kuma wa wanda aka ba da shawarar wannan binciken

Abinda kuke buƙata don bincike da dabarun tattara kayan

Aline na tattara algorithm na mata masu juna biyu da yara

Yaya bincike

Menene gwajin Zimnitsky

Babban burin binciken

Manuniya don

Shiri don tarin bincike

Mahimmancin nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky

Wanene aka tsara don bincike bisa ga hanyar Zimnitsky?

Yadda ake wuce fitsari daidai?

Ana shirya mai haƙuri don bincike

Kayan Gudanar da Kayayyaki

Ka'idojin samun fitsari yayin daukar ciki

Algorithm na tarin yara

Menene gwajin urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky ya nuna?

Fitarwa daga ka'idodi: alamomi da dalilai

Rage yawan fitsari a kullum

Shirya mai haƙuri

Ci gaban karatu

Me ake yi don binciken?

Mataki na farko: shirya jiki

Mataki na biyu: shirya akwati

Mataki na uku: tsara jigilar tafiye-tafiye bayan gida

Mataki na hudu: tsabta mai kyau

Mataki na biyar: tattara fitsari

Mataki na shida: adana kayan duniya da hanyar isarwa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje

Mahimmancin fasaha

Bayyana sakamakon gwajin Zimnitsky

Adadin samfurin a cewar Zimnitsky

Urinearancin fitsari mai yawa (hypostenuria)

Babban yawan fitsari (hyperstenuria)

Lokaci na shirye-shiryen kafin tattara bayanan binciken kuma wa wanda aka ba da shawarar wannan binciken

Abinda kuke buƙata don bincike da dabarun tattara kayan

Aline na tattara algorithm na mata masu juna biyu da yara

Yaya bincike

Menene gwajin Zimnitsky

Babban burin binciken

Manuniya don

Shiri don tarin bincike

Maganin tarin algorithm

Me yasa muke buƙatar samfurin fitsari a cikin Zimnitsky

Wadanne cututtuka ne aka wajabta don bincike?

Mahimmancin nazarin fitsari a cewar Zimnitsky

Wanene aka tsara don bincike bisa ga hanyar Zimnitsky?

Yadda ake wuce fitsari daidai?

Ana shirya mai haƙuri don bincike

Kayan Gudanar da Kayayyaki

Ka'idojin samun fitsari yayin daukar ciki

Algorithm na tarin yara

Menene gwajin urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky ya nuna?

Fitarwa daga ka'idodi: alamomi da dalilai

Urinearancin fitsari mai yawa

Yawan yawan fitsari

Rage yawan fitsari a kullum