Nau'in cutar sankara 1 - magani tare da sababbin hanyoyin

Hanyoyin zamani na lura da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na mellitus an yi niyya don samo sabbin magunguna waɗanda zasu iya ceton mai haƙuri daga ayyukan yau da kullun na insulin. Wadannan hanyoyin yakamata su inganta ayyukan glucose ta sel, hana rauni rauni da sauran rikitarwa na ciwon sukari

Ciwon sukari na farkon nau'in cuta cuta ce ta mutum, babbar alama ce ta rashin insulin mutum a cikin mutum. Kwayoyin Beta a cikin bangarorin endocrine (abin da ake kira tsibirin Langerhans) na ƙwayar kumburi yana samar da insulin. Tun da mai haƙuri yana da ƙarancin insulin, to, ƙwayoyin beta ba su iya asirin insulin. Wani lokacin shakku game da tasiri na maganin karawa ana yin su ne bisa gaskiyar cewa beta-cell regeneration, wanda za'a iya fara amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayar sel mai haƙuri, ba komai bane illa ƙirƙirar ainihin “ƙarancin sel” a tsibirin Langerhans waɗanda suma basa iya samar da insulin. .

Idan tambaya ce ta lahani a cikin ƙwayoyin beta, to watakila hakan zai zama haka. Amma aibi na autoimmune ba a tura shi cikin sel na sirri, amma ga sel na rigakafi. Kwayoyin Beta a cikin mutumin da ke da irin nau'in ciwon sukari sune, bisa ƙa'ida, suna da ƙoshin lafiya. Amma matsalar ita ce cewa tsarin garkuwar jiki yana hana su. Lahani kenan!

Ta yaya cutar take ci gaba? Matsalar farko wani tsari ne mai kumburi a cikin farji da ake kira insulin. Yana faruwa ne sakamakon ɓarnatar ƙwayoyin sel na rigakafi (T-lymphocytes) a cikin tsibirin na Langerhans. Saboda lahani cikin lambar, ana gane T-lymphocytes a cikin ƙwayoyin beta na baƙi, masu ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta. Tunda aikin T-lymphocytes shine lalata irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin, suna lalata sel. Kwayoyin beta da aka lalace basu iya samar da insulin ba.

Bisa manufa, tsibirin na Langerhans na ɗauke da wadataccen ɗakunan sel na beta, don haka asararsu ta farko ba ta haifar da babban cuta ba. Amma tun da ƙwayoyin beta ba sa gyara kansu, kuma ƙwayoyin T suna ci gaba da lalata su, ba da daɗewa ba, rashin samar da insulin da ke haifar da cutar sukari.

Ciwon sukari (nau'in farko) yana faruwa tare da lalata kashi 80-90 na sel na beta. Kuma yayin da lalata ke ci gaba, alamun alamun karancin insulin yana ci gaba.

Rashin insulin yana ba da ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙwayar cuta. Kwayoyin sukari (glucose) basa dauke da kasusuwa na jikin insulin da kwayoyin jikinsu. Ba a narke shi ba - yana nufin cewa ba ya samar da su cikin jiki (glucose shine asalin tushen kuzari a matakin ƙirar halittu). Abubuwan glucose da ba a bayyana ba suna cikin jini, hanta kullun suna haɓaka 500 g sabon glucose. A gefe guda, rashin ƙarfin makamashi a cikin kyallen takarda yana hana fashewar mai. Kayan mai zai fara fita daga matattarar ƙwayar halittar jikinsa yana shiga cikin jini. Jikin Ketone (acetone) an samo su ne daga kitse mai mai kyauta a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da ketoacidosis, ƙarshen abin da ke cikin ketoacidotic coma.

Wasu hanyoyin magance nau'in 1 na sukari mellitus sun riga sun samar da kyakkyawan sakamako. Tabbas, wasu daga cikinsu basuyi cikakken nazari sosai ba - wannan shine babban rabe-raben su, amma idan cutar kumburin ta yanke dukkan albarkatun ta, marasa lafiya sun juya zuwa garesu. Wadanne hanyoyin magani ake fara aiwatarwa a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba?

Jiyya don maganin alurar rigakafin cututtukan type 1 na ciwon sukari

Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na 1, a cewar bayanai na yanzu, cuta ce ta mutum lokacin da ƙwayoyin T-ke lalata ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic. Matsayi mai sauƙi shine rabu da sel T-farin jini. Amma idan ka lalata wadannan farin jinin jikin, to jiki zai rasa kariya daga kamuwa da cutarwa. Yaya za a magance wannan matsalar?

Ana haɓaka magani a Amurka da Turai waɗanda ke hana lalata ƙwayoyin beta ta tsarin rigakafin jikin mutum. A yanzu haka ana cikin shirin karshe na gwaji. Sabuwar ƙwayar rigakafin maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ne wanda ke daidaita lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin T da ke haifar da sauran "masu kyau" amma ƙwayoyin T-rauni. Ana kiran T-sel na weaker da kyau, tunda ba sa lalata sel. Ya kamata a yi amfani da maganin a watanni shida na farko bayan kamuwa da cutar sankara ta 1. Hakanan ana haɓaka maganin alurar rigakafi don rigakafin ciwon sukari, amma sakamako mai sauri ba su cancanci jira ba. Duk magungunan rigakafin har yanzu suna da amfani da kasuwanci.

Jiyya da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na cututtukan zuciya tare da hanyar haemocorrection na extracorporeal

Likitocin asibitocin da yawa na Jamusanci suna kula da ciwon suga ba kawai tare da hanyoyin mazan jiya ba, har ma suna amfani da taimakon fasahar likitancin zamani. Ofaya daga cikin sabbin dabarun shine hawan jini na yau da kullun, wanda yake tasiri koda lokacin aikin insulin ya lalace. Abubuwan da ke nuna alamun cututtukan hemocorrection na extracorporeal sune retinopathy, angiopathy, rage yawan insulin jijiya, encephalopathy na ciwon sukari, da sauran rikice rikice.

Maganar jiyya na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na mellitus ta amfani da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta shine cire abubuwa a cikin jikin da ke haifar da lalacewar jijiyoyin zuciya. Ana samun sakamako ta hanyar gyaran abubuwanda ke cikin jini domin canza kayan sa. Jini yana wucewa ta wurin kayan aiki tare da tacewa na musamman. Sannan ana wadatar da shi da bitamin, magunguna da sauran abubuwa masu amfani sannan ya koma cikin magudanar jini. Jiyya da ciwon sukari tare da zubar jini sama-da ƙasa yana faruwa a waje da jikin mutum, don haka rage girman haɗarin rikitarwa.

A cikin asibitocin na Jamus, ana ɗaukar plasma filtration da cryoapheresis sune shahararrun nau'ikan ƙarin zubar da jini na jini. Ana aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin a cikin sassan na musamman tare da kayan aiki na zamani.

Jiyya don kamuwa da cutar sankara tare da yaduwar cututtukan fata da keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyin beta

Likitoci a kasar Jamus a cikin karni na 21 suna da babban dama da kuma gogewa sosai a aikin dasawa. Marasa lafiya da ke dauke da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na mellitus ana samun nasarar yi musu aiki tare da juyawa gaba da ƙwayar tsoka, da takwararta guda ɗaya, tsibirin Langerhans har ma da sel. Irin waɗannan ayyukan suna iya gyara raunin ƙwayar cuta da hana ko jinkirta rikicewar cututtukan sukari.

Juyin Pancreas

Idan magungunan ƙin karɓar maganin rigakafin an zaɓi daidai ta tsarin rigakafi, rayayyun kumburi bayan yaduwar dukkan ƙwayar cuta ta kai 90% a farkon shekarar rayuwa, kuma mai haƙuri zai iya yin ba tare da insulin na shekaru 1-2 ba.

Amma ana aiwatar da irin wannan aikin a cikin yanayi mai wahala, tun da haɗarin rikice-rikice yayin aikin tiyata koyaushe yana ƙaruwa, kuma shan magunguna waɗanda ke lalata tsarin garkuwar jiki yana haifar da mummunan sakamako. Bugu da kari, koyaushe akwai babban yiwuwar kin amincewa.

Canza tsiran tsibiri na Langerhans da daidaikun beta

A cikin karni na 21, ana yin babban aiki don nazarin yuwuwar dasawa da tsibirin na Langerhans ko kuma ƙwayoyin beta na mutum. Likitoci suna yin taka tsantsan game da amfanin wannan dabarar, amma sakamakon yana da ban ƙarfafa.

Likitocin Jamus da masana kimiyya suna da kyakkyawan fata game da makomar. Yawancin karatu suna kan layi kuma sakamakon su yana ƙarfafawa. Sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar sukari irin na 1 kowace shekara suna farawa a rayuwa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba marasa lafiya za su iya yin rayuwa mai inganci kuma ba su dogara da insulin ba.

Don ƙarin bayani game da magani a Jamus
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