Gwajin gwaji don tabbatar da sukari a fitsari

Abubuwan gwaji na gani na gani wanda za'a iya tantance matakin glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari an tsara su don haɓakawa da sikeli. a cikin vitro nazarin fitsari don yawan sukari (sukari).

Aikin nuna alamun gwajin gwaji don auna glucose a cikin fitsari ya danganta ne da amsawar enzymatic (glucose oxidase / peroxidase), yayin aiwatar da yanayin launi da nuna yanayin filin nuna alama (firikwensin) na canjin tsiri gwajin.

Mai nuna alama (tsinkaye) matakan gwaji (gwanayen gwaji, tube, “sandar ma'aunin kaya”, gwajin urinary tube, bibs, “takardun bincike”) na sukari a cikin fitsari ana iya amfani dashi don bayyanar da matakan glucoseuria (glucose a fitsari), kai tsaye, hyperglycemia, a gida, a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, dakunan shan magani (asibitoci), dakunan gwaje-gwaje, asibitoci, asibitoci da wuraren aikin likita.

Abubuwan gwaji za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar mutanen da ke da haɗarin haɗari ko rashi mai narkewa na kitse, kazalika don ƙayyade matsayin masu haƙuri tare da kamuwa da cutar sukari mellitus (DM).

Ciwon sukari mellitus, ciwon sukari mellitus rukuni ne na cututtukan cututtukan endocrine da ke haɓaka sakamakon ƙarancin ciki (DM 1) ko dangi (Rashin kwayar cutar 2). Ciwon sukari mellitus koyaushe ana nuna shi ta hanyar hyperglycemia (mai ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini, a sakamakon, a cikin fitsari), cin zarafi kowane nau'i metabolism: carbohydrate, mai, furotin, ma'adinai da ruwa-gishiri.

Don bayyanar cutar sankarau da wuri, da kuma lura da yanayin cutar, ba kawai ana amfani da alamun gwajin nuna alama ba, yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa. jini: azumin glucose na jini (azaman doka, ana gudanar da gwaji a gida, ana amfani da glucometer don nazarin jini) da gwaje-gwajen jini na gwaji, gami da gwajin haƙuri na glucose (gwajin glucose), gwajin haemoglobin glycated (glycosylated haemoglobin, Hb_A1c) da kuma wani gwajin jini gaba daya (karamin farin farin jinin kirji ya nuna karancin jini).

Itwararren digiri da ƙima na gwargwado ta hanyar kayan gwaji na nuna alama yana ba da damar kafa kasancewar kasancewar rashin glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari, sarrafa matakin glucosuria, tsara matsayin abincin da ake buƙata, da daidaita hanya.

Mai lura da hankali (kashi na tantance firikwensin) da Mai nunawa (kayan nunawa) - maganganu waɗanda ke alaƙa da sinadaran reagent da aka sanya akan abin da ke canzawa tare da samfurin gwajin.

Takaddun gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa yana ba wa mai haƙuri damar da damar tantance matakin glucose a cikin fitsari, gami da yanayi da alaƙa tare da karuwa a cikin sukari na jini, lokacin da glucose a cikin fitsari ya bayyana tare da raguwa a bakin ƙirar.

Abubuwan gwaji sun tabbatar da gaskiyar kasancewar glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari, idan ya kasance, an ƙaddara matakin taro. Sakamakon da aka samu ta wannan hanyar sune nuni da ba zai iya ba da mahimman ƙimar bincike na rashin daidaituwa. Wadannan tsararran gwaje-gwajen an yi su ne da farko don mutanen da suke tsoron shan jini gaba ɗaya daga yatsunsu. Don karɓa mafi daidai dabi'un yakamata suyi amfani da nuna alama "Tsarin gwaje gwajen sukari na jini" ko auna sukari ta amfani da kwararrun ma'aunin jini na gida - glucometer.

Sakamakon gwaji ta amfani da tsarin gwajin fitsari, a matsayin mai mulkin, kar a dogara da gaskiyar kasancewar jikin ketone a cikin fitsari. Urine pH (acid-base ayika) shima baya tasiri sakamakon launi na alamar tsiri gwajin.

Don amfani da alamun gwaji na alama, babu buƙatar mallakar fasaha na musamman da ilimin.

Takaddun gwaji don ƙudurin sukari (glucose) a cikin fitsari ana samarwa a cikin nau'i uku na saki - A'a. 25, 50, 100, ana cushe a cikin filastik ko ƙarfe (bututu), ƙasa da kullun - gilashin gilashi.

Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin kantin magunguna, akwai wani nau'i na sakin No. 50 (ya ƙunshi madaukai 50), wanda yayi daidai da bukatun mai haƙuri na wata-wata.

Tsarin gwajin gwaji A'a 50 ya hada da:

1. Wani bututu da ke dauke da tsinke gwaji 50. An yi alamar bututun tare da sikelin launi (tebur) don sauya bayanan bincike,
2. Umarni takarda don amfani (ana iya maimaita umarnin a kan bututu),
3. Kwantena.

Glucose (sukari, sukari, innama, dextrose) wani monosaccharide ne a jikin dan adam shine babban tushen samar da makamashi don tabbatar da metabolism na metabolism. Likita dan kasar Burtaniya William Prout ya gano glucose a cikin 1802.

Glucose da abubuwan da ake amfani da su suna nan a cikin mafi yawan gabobi da tsokoki na jikin mutum. Fiye da rabin yawan kuzarin da jiki ke cinye shi shine abu ne na iskar shaka. Glucose yana aiki ta jiki daga sucrose da sitaci, yana fitowa daga waje tare da abinci, glycogen da aka adana a cikin hanta. Hakanan an ƙirƙira shi a cikin halayen ƙira daga amino acid, lactate.

Glucose, kasancewa wakili na antitoxic na duniya, ana amfani dashi ta hanyar magani don maye (abinci mai guba, cututtuka).

Glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari

Sugar (glucose a cikin fitsari) (glucosuria, glycosuria) yana bayyana saboda rudani a cikin jiki, a matsayin mai mulkin, sakamakon illa ce, hawan jini a cikin jinialama ce ta ciwon sukari.

Glucose (sukari na jini) (glycemia) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mahimmin canji na jikin mutum (homeostasis). Tsarin sukari na jini (hyperglycemia) da alama wata alama ce ta asibiti wacce ke nuna cutar sikari ta mellitus.

Kodan sun sami damar dawowa cikin jini duk adadin glucose din da ya shude ta hanyar duniyan ta glomerulus. A yadda aka saba, a cikin mutum mai lafiya (a hutawa) glucose a cikin fitsari yana ƙunshe da ƙima mai ƙima (0.06 - 0.083 mmol / l), bai isa ba don ƙuduri a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje yayin nazarin nazarin ɗakin fitsari (ƙididdigar gaba ɗaya (na asibiti), nazarin nazarin halittu) .

Minimumarancin adadin sukari da aka fesa a cikin fitsari, yana haifar da farawa daga lokacin da aka nuna alamar tsararren gwajin, shine 0.1 mmol / l (2 mg / dl).

Glycosuria, idan babu isasshen rigakafi, na iya haifar da rashin ruwa a jiki, saboda yana haifar da karin ruwa daga jikin mutum.

Ya hadu na koda glucosuria yana tasowa daga nakasa yawan shan glucose a cikin kodan, lokacin da aka samo sukari a cikin fitsari, yayin da matakin sukari a cikin jini ba ya karkata daga al'ada.

Abokin sukari a cikin fitsari galibi shine acetone.

Acetone (ketones, jikin ketone, KET, "ket") wani samfuri ne na rayuwa wanda ke samarwa a cikin hanta yayin aikin glucose. Idan adadin sinadarin acetone ya zarce yawan amfanin sa, to lalacewar Acetone gaba daya duk jikin kwayoyin halitta, da farko, Kwayoyin kwakwalwa. Idan bayyanar acetone ba ta da alaƙa da mellitus na ciwon sukari, to yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin mata masu juna biyu da cututtukan guba da kuma a cikin yara tare da bayyanar cututtuka na uric acid diathesis. Tare da uric acid diathesis, glucose a cikin jinin yaro saukar da.

Lokacin da acetone ya bayyana, acidity (amsawa, pH) na fitsari koyaushe yana juyawa zuwa gefen acid (zuwa matakin 5 da ƙasa), duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje don acetone (keto strips) don ganewar asali.

Idan ana haifar da glucosuria ta hanyar ciwon sukari, bayyanar hematuria (jini mai tsafi, sel da jini da haemoglobin a cikin fitsari) alama ce mai haɗarin gaske.

Latsa kuma raba labarin tare da abokanka:

Kwayoyin jini da na haemoglobin a cikin fitsari (hematuria) kalma ce da ke nufin bayyanar abubuwan da ke cikin jini a cikin fitsari - sel jini ko kuma haemoglobin da ya wuce abubuwan ɗabi'a.Jini a cikin fitsari tare da ciwon sukari yana bayyana shekaru 15-20 bayan bayyanar (bayyanar farko) na cutar, alama ce ta rashin cin nasara na yara, sakamakon tsaftacewar tsaftacewa ta ƙodan jini tare da matakan glucose mai yawa. A wasu halayen, hematuria na iya zama sakamakon cututtukan da ke tattare da tsarin ƙwayar cuta, sau da yawa na yanayin oncological, wanda ke haifar da mummunan ciwan ciki, ciki har da.

Tare da lalacewar tubulointerstitial a cikin kodan, ba wai kawai glucosuria ya faru ba, har ma da matsakaiciyar proteinuria (furotin a cikin fitsari)

Protein a cikin fitsari (proteinuria) - excretion (excretion) na sunadarai (albumin da globulins a cikin fitsari, sun wuce ƙimar al'ada (40-80 mg / rana). Proteinuria, a matsayin mai mulkin, alama ce ta lalacewar koda.

Don haka, tare da bayyanar sukari a cikin fitsari (musamman tare da ciwon sukari mellitus), ana iya ɗauka wasu rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa.

Glycosuria da alaƙa tare da hyperglycemia, yawanci sakamako ne na lalacewa na koda, na iya haifar da rashin ruwa, saboda yana haifar da haɓakar ruwa a cikin fitsari.

A cikin jarirai, a matsayin mai mulkin, alimentary glucosuria na faruwa, wanda ke bayyana minti 30-60 bayan cin abinci, ya ɓace bayan sa'o'i 3-5.

A cikin mata masu juna biyu, ana tantance glucose na fitsari bayan cin abinci wanda ya ƙunshi adadin carbohydrates. Yawancin kwayoyin glucosuria na mata masu juna biyu ana yawanci ana gani a cikin sati na biyu na ciki, lokacin da matakan sukari suka tashi akai-akai.

Tare da tsari (na kwanaki 3 ko fiye) karkatar da sukari na al'ada a cikin fitsari ya zama dole neman shawara daga kwararrun likitoci: nephrologist da endocrinologist.

Kayan aiki mafi sauki kuma mai araha don gano sukari a cikin fitsari shine tsararren gwajin gwaji.

Gwajin gwaji

Tsarin gwajin nuna alama don ƙayyadadden matakin glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari shine reagent dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka shirya don amfani, ana amfani da shi a madadin tare da faɗin 4-5 da kuma tsawon milimita 55-75 (tsawon tsinkayen Phan multifunctional shine milimita 130) wanda aka yi da filastik mara ƙura mai guba.

A nesa na 0.5-1 mm daga gefen substrate, an sanya mai nuna alama (firikwensin), wanda aka canza launin a farkon amsawar. Ga yawancin masana'antun, alamar glucose ta fari launin rawaya ce.

Mafi yawancin abubuwan haɗin enzymatic na siginar nuna alama (firikwensin) na tsiri gwajin:

• santawarram (annan),
• gagidarsara (Asmara 1,
• glucose oxidase (Glucose oxidase, 1 U).

Abun da keɓaɓɓun siginar ƙira, kayan aikinsa na iya bambanta, gwargwadon mai samarwa.

Ya danganta da matakin glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari, sigar nuna alamar tsiri gwajin tana canza launin. Gamon launi na firikwensin, saturninsa, ya bambanta dangane da abubuwan glucose a cikin gwajin gwaji. Idan darajar ba ta da kyau (ba a gano sukari ba) - mai nuna alamar tsararrakin ya riƙe launi na asali (a matsayin mai mulkin, rawaya). Tare da kyakkyawar amsawa, mai nuna alama ya juya zuwa launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai duhu-kore. Matsakaicin darajar sukari da aka gano (glucose) a cikin fitsari tare da abubuwan gwaji shine 112 mmol / lita (Phan tube sune 55 mmol / lita.)

Lokacin da ake buƙata na tsirin gwajin don cikakken amsawa shine 60 seconds.

Determinationira mai ƙuduri na matakin glucose a cikin fitsari tare da matakan gwaji shine a tabbatar da kasancewar sukari, ba tare da la .akari da yawanta ba.

Determinationaddara ta ƙarshe na ƙididdigewa shine ƙayyade matakin glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari ta hanyar cirewa (kwatantawa) launin firikwensin gwajin tare da sikelin launi (tebur), wanda aka haɗa cikin kunshin.

Abubuwan da ke cikin enzymatic na siginar nuna alama na sassan gwaji, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya amsa ga nau'o'in sugars, ban da glucose.

Lokacin amfani da yawancin matakan gwaji, kasancewar rage abubuwa a cikin fitsari da aka gwada (ascorbic acid) ba ya jagoranci don karɓar sakamakon bincike na ƙage na ƙarya.

A kan sakamakon gwajin tsiri na gwaji iya Wadannan abubuwan suna da tasiri:

• gaban burbushi na kwayoyi a cikin samfurin,
• gaban ascorbic acid a cikin taro na 20 MG% may dan kadan rashin sanin sakamakon ƙaddara,
• Gentisic acid (wanda aka kirkira lokacin hada sinadarai na salicylic acid),
• ragowar magungunan maye da sabulun wanke-wanke wadanda ake amfani da su don tsaftace kwalbar fitsari.

Gwanin gwajin alamar gani na amfani ne kawai. Bayan an cire daga bututu, ya kamata a yi amfani da tsirin gwajin a cikin awanni 24.

Kasancewar glucose a cikin samfurin gwajin na iya a kaikaice don nuna haɓakawa a cikin takamaiman nauyi (girma) na fitsari (g glucose 10 g / l yana ƙayyadadden ƙaddarar fitsari da 0.004). Akwai tufatar gwajin fitsari wacce ke ɗauke da wani nau'in alamar nuna alama. Farashin irin waɗannan matakan gwaji don fitsari ya yi yawa, ba ma'ana a yi amfani da su ba don gano cutar ta glucosuria na musamman.

Wani madadin gwaji don auna sukari (glucose) shine gwajin fitsari gabaɗaya.

Binciken Urinal (OAM, bincike na asibiti na fitsari) wani hadadden gwaje-gwaje ne na dakin gwaje-gwaje na fitsari wanda aka gudanar don dalilai na bincike. Fa'idodin urinalysis na gaba akan abubuwan gwaji na nuni shine kimantawa ba wai kawai abubuwan adin dabbobi da na fitsari ba ne, har ma da ƙwaƙwalwar fitsari (ta amfani da microscope).

A matsayin ɓangare na bincike na gaba ɗaya, ana yin bincike akan fitsari kullun.

Binciken Fitsari Na Zamani - Nazarin ko'ina fitsari ya fita daga jiki lokacin (sa'o'i 24). Fitsari na yau da kullun, ya bambanta da fitsari maraice guda ɗaya, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin binciken ƙwayoyin gwaji, shine ƙarin bayani.

Dangane da "All-Russian Classifier of Economic Services, Kayayyaki da Ayyuka" (OKDP), lambar 2429422 - "Ma'aikatan cututtukan gwaji" an sanya su ne a jikin gwajin gani na glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari. Kamfanoni da ke da hannu a cikin siyayyaran gwaji an sanya musu lambar ƙididdigar OKVED 51.46.1 (Kasuwancin magunguna da kayan likita).

Abubuwan gwaji don ƙayyade matakin glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari, ba tare da la'akari da masana'anta da ƙasar da ta samo asali ba, bisa ga "Tsarin al'ada na kayan aikin likita ta hanyar azuzuwan, dangane da haɗarin amfani da su", suna cikin aji 2a (na'urorin likita tare da haɗarin matsakaici) .

Gano kansa tare da tsaran gwaji, har ma da duka umarni, ba madadin kimantawa na yau da kullun game da yanayin kiwon lafiya ta ƙwararrun likitocin likita ba, likita.

Umarnin don amfanin fitsarin gwajin fitsari

Karatun wannan koyarwar don amfani da tarkacen gwaji domin tantance glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari baya kwantar da majinyaci daga karatun takarda "Umarnin don yin amfani da alamun nuna alama don gwajin inganci da sikelin adadi na glucose (sukari) cikin fitsari"wanda yake a cikin kwalin kwandon masana'anta ko shafa a saman bututu (shari'ar fensir) tare da kayan gwaji.

Umarnin don yin amfani da tsaran gwajin glucosuria daga masana'anta daban-daban na iya bambanta sosai cikin abun ciki da shawarwari. A sashen "Abubuwan gwaji don nazarin fitsari don kamuwa da glucose (sukari)", wanda yake kasan shafin nan, zaka iya ganin jerin matakan gwaji da suke gudana. Ta hanyar zuwa shafin naurarrun wani na'urar likitanci, bincika umarnin sa.

Dole ne a yi gwajin bayyani (ma'auni) don glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari a cikin zafin jiki na +15 zuwa +30 ° C.

Lokacin amfani da tsaran gwajin alamun gani, bai kamata ka taɓa sashin firikwensin ba (mai nuna alama), yana da mahimmanci a bi ƙa'idodin tsabtace gaba ɗaya.

Ya kamata a yi amfani da tsirin gwajin daga bututu don tantancewa a cikin minti 60.

Don binciken, dole ne a yi amfani da sabo da aka zaɓa (bai wuce 2 hours ba), ba centrifuged, hade da fitsari sosai, sanya shi a cikin ganga mai bakararre.

Tare da tsawan tsawaita, matakin pH na fitsari yana juyawa zuwa gefen acidic, wanda zai haifar da gurbata sakamakon gwajin.

Za'a sami sakamakon ingantaccen sakamako na nazari a cikin karatu. na farko bautar safe fitsari. Minimumaramar ƙaramar da ake buƙata don bincike shine milili 5.

Lokacin ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin fitsari da ake buƙata don bincike, yakamata mutum yayi la'akari da adadin abubuwan abubuwan firikwensin da aka shimfiɗa a ƙasa sama da milimita talatin da biyar na ma'adinan (idan bincike ya yi amfani da tsinkewar gwaji da yawa, ɗayan alamun da ke nuna wanda shine firikwensin sukari). Idan babu isasshen fitsari, lokacin da aka nutsar da dukkanin na'urori masu auna siginar a cikin samfurin gwajin, tsiri zai lanƙwasa, wanda zai iya haifar da yankewar abubuwan firikwensin mutum. Don haka, ya kamata a nutsar da irin wannan takaddun gwajin ko dai a cikin isasshen ƙwayar fitsari ko kuma mai amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje (ya kamata a yi amfani da bututun gwaji).

Bayan kun gama duk umarnin shiriyar, zaku iya fara gudanar da binciken:

1. Buɗe bututu tare da tsaran gwajin nuna alama,
2. Cire tsiri gwajin,
3. Rufe batun fensir nan da nan tare da murfi,
4. Na tsawon dakika 1-2, sanya abin nuna alamar tsirin gwajin a cikin fitsari domin a firikwensin ya nitse cikin samfurin gwajin fitsari,
5. Bayan cire tsirin gwajin, cire wucewar fitsari ta hanyar a hankali yatsan tsintsiyar jikin bangon kwalin da fitsari ko ta taɓa ɓangaren mai nuna alama akan takarda mai tsafta,
6. Saka tsiri a ɗakin busasshiyar ƙasa tare da nuna alamar,
7. Bayyana nazarin fitsari yakamata a yi awanni 45-90 bayan cire tsiri gwajin daga samfurin, kwatanta launi na abu na firikwensin tare da sikelin mai launi (tebur) don glucose da aka sanya a kan bututu.

Sakamakon magungunan mutum (da sauran metabolites) akan sakamakon bincike ba koyaushe ake faɗi ba. Sakamakon binciken, wanda bai yi daidai da hoton asibiti na cutar ba ko kuma alama ce ta shuɗi, ya kamata a bincika wata hanyar binciken. Gwajin glucose na hanta ya biyo baya dole maimaita bayan kammala magani.

Sikeli mai launi (tebur) na matakan gwaji don ƙayyade matakin glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari na masana'antun daban-daban na iya bambanta sosai. Sikeli mai launi daban-daban na masu samarwa iri ɗaya na iya bambanta cikin canzawar launi. Lokacin amfani da ma'aunin alamar tsiri tare da ma'aunin launi, ya kamata ka yi amfani da sikelin wancan bututun (fensir) daga inda aka fitar da tsirin gwajin.

Don hana asarar kaddarorin abubuwan gwaji, wanda na iya haifar da sakamakon bincike mara tushe, ya kamata a kiyaye dokokin adana kayan masarufi.

Gwajin tsiri na gwaji

Alamar gani ta gani (azanci) kayan gwaji don tantance glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari ya kamata a adana su a cikin kwantena mai samarwa a cikin busasshiyar wurin yara, a zazzabi na +2 zuwa +30 ° C. Ya kamata a kiyaye wurin ajiya daga tururi na alkali, abubuwan narkewar kwayoyin, acid a duk tsawon rayuwar rayuwa. Tsayayyen rayuwar ma'aunin gwaji yawanci shine 12-24 watanni daga lokacin saki. A yayin adana bututun, kar a cire jakar tare da abin rufe ta daga murfin.

Abubuwan gwajin da ba a amfani dasu ba ya kamata a zubar dashi bayan ranar karewa.

Lokacin amfani da tsaran gwajin gwaji a cikin asibiti, abin da yakamata yakamata ayi la'akari dashi kayanda zasu iya kamuwa dashi. Ba a ba da izinin ajiyar sakin gwaji na kyauta ba, dole ne a zubar da su daidai da umarnin marasa amfani.

Ya kamata a kiyaye sikelin launi da aka sanya akan bututu tare da matakan gwaji daga hasken rana kai tsaye don guje wa faduwarta.

Urine glucose (sukari) sikelin

Sikeli mai launi (tebur) don ƙididdigar bincike na fitsari don glucose (sukari) na masana'antun daban-daban na iya bambanta sosai a yawan filayen da ƙarfin launi. Hoton yana nuna mafi yawan ma'aunin launi. A sashen "Abubuwan gwaji don nazarin fitsari don kamuwa da glucose (sukari)", wanda yake kasan shafin nan, zaka iya ganin jerin matakan gwaji da suke gudana. Ta hanyar zuwa shafin na'urar musamman don ganin ma'aunin launi.

Farashin tube gwaji

Farashin kwatancen gwaji don tantance glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari baya kunshi farashin bayarwa idan an sayi kayan ta hanyar kantin magani ta kan layi. Farashi na iya bambanta sosai dangane da wurin da aka siya, adadi kowanne kunshin, ƙasar da ta fito.

Estiyasta farashin tube:

• Rasha (Moscow, St. Petersburg) daga 115 zuwa 1260 rubles na Rasha,
• Ukraine (Kiev, Kharkov) daga 38 zuwa 416 hryvnias na Ukraine,
• Kazakhstan (Almaty, Temirtau) daga 542 zuwa 5935 Kazakhstan tenge,
• Belarus (Minsk, Gomel) daga 30,245 zuwa 331,380 Belarusian rubles,
• Kasar Moldova (Chisinau) daga 32 zuwa 353 Moldovan Lei,
• Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek, Osh) daga 125 zuwa 1373 Kyrgyz soms,
• Uzbekistan (Tashkent, Samarkand) daga 4460 zuwa 48863 wakilin sojan Uzbek,
• Azerbaijan (Baku, Ganja) daga 1.7 zuwa 18.8 Azerbaijani manats,
• Armenia (Jerevan, Gyumri) daga 790 zuwa 8656 drams na Armenia,
• Jojiya (Tbilisi, Batumi) daga 3.9 zuwa 42.8 Georgian Lari,
• Tajikistan (Dushanbe, Khujand) daga 10.8 zuwa 118.7 Tajik somoni,
• Turkmenistan (Ashgabat, Turkmenabat) daga 5.6 zuwa 60.9 sabbin kayan Turkmen.

A sashen "Abubuwan gwaji don nazarin fitsari don kamuwa da glucose (sukari)", wanda yake kasan shafin nan, zaka iya ganin jerin matakan gwaji da suke gudana. Ta hanyar zuwa shafin naurarrun likitan ne dan gano yadda aka kashe ta.

Sayi tsummokin gwaji

Kuna iya siyan kwatancen gwajin nuna alama don ƙayyade glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari a cikin kantin magani ta amfani da sabis na booge magunguna, gami da. Kafin ka sayi matakan gwaji, yakamata ka fayyace kwanakin karewa. Kuna iya ba da umarnin kwalliyar gwaji a cikin kowane kantin magani na kan layi, ana siyar da kaya tare da isar da gida ta hanyar mai aika sako, ba tare da takardar likita ba.

Gwajin Gwajin Gwaji

Binciken kwatancen gwaji don ƙayyade matakin sukari a cikin fitsari a tsakanin marasa lafiya a cikin mafi yawan tabbatacce. Marasa lafiya lura da kusancin dangi, sauƙi da sauƙi na amfani da alamun gwaji na gani: ko da yaro zai iya gudanar da bincike mai zaman kanta don glucosuria. Daga cikin ra'ayoyin marasa kyau, isasshen daidaituwa na auna sukari a cikin fitsari an lura.

Don ingantaccen ƙuduri na haɗarin glucose, ya kamata a yi amfani da matakan gwaji na glucose ko kuma mit ɗin glucose na jini.

Gwajin gwaji don nazarin fitsari don kamuwa da sukari (sukari)

Abubuwan gwaji don nazarin fitsari don glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari a yau suna wakiltar manyan manyan samfura da masu masana'antu.

Hanyoyi tare da alamomi guda ɗaya (na musamman don sukari a cikin fitsari):

• Takaddun gwajin Glucofan (Glucofan A'a. 50, GlukoPhan) Takaddun Turai daga Erba Lahema, Czech Republic (har kwanan nan, ta kasance wani ɓangare na magungunan riƙe Teva, Isra'ila),
• Yankunan gwajin Uriglyuk (Uriglyuk-1 A'a. 50) alamun kwalliya don nazarin sukari (glucose) daga Biosensor AN, Russia,
• Takaddun gwajin kwayoyin dake dauke da kwayoyin Bioscan (Bioscan Glucose No. 50 / No. 100) don sukarin fitsari daga Bioscans, Russia,
• URiSCAN U19 Glucose 1 fitsari a cikin jini daga kamfanin Koriya ta YD Diagnostics,
• Tsarin Uri - DAC - 1G tsaran gwajin da aka kirkira ta DAC-SpectroMed, Moldova,
• Glucotest don ƙuduri na sukari matakin fitsari daga kamfanin Norma, Ukraine,
• Samotest-1 - gwajin gwaji da aka yi a China ta Fasaha ta Condor-Teco Mediacl Technology. Akwai kawai ga marasa lafiya a Ukraine.

Matakai tare da alamomi guda biyu:

• Ketoglyuk-1 (Ketoglyuk-1 No. 50) - Gwajin gwaji da bincike don ketones da sukari daga Biosensor AN, Russia,
• Citolab (Citolab) 2GK don bincike kan ketones da sukari daga Pharmasco, Ukraine,
• Dirui Uristic Protein Glucose (Dirui Uristik Glucose Protein),
• Diaphane - tube tare da alamomi guda biyu don tantance matakin sukari da acetone daga Erba Lahema, Czech Republic.

Matakai tare da alamu uku ko fiye:

• Takaddun gwajin Bioscan Penta (Bioscan Penta No. 50 / No 100) tare da alamomi guda biyar daga kamfanin Rashas Bioscan, yana ba da izinin gwajin fitsari ba kawai don glucose (sukari) ba, har ma don pH (acidity), mayyar sihiri (sel jan jini da haemoglobin), jimlar furotin (albumin, globulins), ketones,
• Pentafan / Pentafan Laura (PentaPhan / Laura) tsinkewar gwaje-gwaje don nazarin glucose (sukari), pH (acidity), ketones, jini na tsafi (sel jini da haemoglobin) da jimlar furotin fitsari (albumin da globulins) (Erba Lahema, Czech Republic),
• Harshen Uripolian - tube daga Biosensor AN tare da alamomi guda goma waɗanda ke ba da damar nazarin fitsari bisa ga halaye masu zuwa - glucose, jikin ketone, jinin latent (erythrocytes, hemoglobin), bilirubin, urobilinogen, yawa (takamaiman nauyi), farin jini sel, ascorbic acid, jimlar protein (albumin da globulins) da acidity (pH),
• Amintaccen Glucose na Bioscan pH - Takaddun Rashanci don nazarin fitsari don glucose, furotin gaba ɗaya, acidity (pH).

Babban dalilin gwajin don yanke shawarar glucose a cikin fitsari shi ne tabbatar da girman tasirin glucose. Wata hanyar gano cuta ita ce auna glucose a cikin jini. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi daidai kuma mai ba da labari, amma ana buƙatar jini gaba ɗaya don bincike.

Ana samun na'urorin likitanci masu zuwa don gwajin sukari na jini, ba a buqata Aikace-aikacen glucometer:

• Takaddun gwaji na Betachek (Betachek A'a 50, Betachek Kayayyakin gwaji na gani) - tsalle-tsalle na gani na ƙudurin sukari jini daga NDP, Australia,
• Yarda (Chart # 50) - Takaddun gwajin na Rasha don nazarin glucose jini daga Biosensor AN.

Farashin waɗannan kayan aikin madadin suna da ɗan girma.

Yin amfani da kwatancen kwatancen gwajin tsiri na sukari

Bayanin kwatancen fitsari na gwajin fitsari na My Pill medical portal hada abubuwa ne da aka samo daga maɓuɓɓuka masu martaba, jerin abubuwan da suke akwai a cikin Bayanan kula kuma "Umarnin don amfanin likita na fitsari na gwajin fitsari”ana kawosu tare da masana'antun kayan gwaji. Duk da cewa daidaito da bayanin da aka gabatar a labarin "Abubuwan gwaji don tabbatarwar glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari" duba daga kwararrun likitocin da suka kware, abubuwan da ke cikin labarin don ayi ne kawai, ba shiriya ga kai (ba tare da tuntuɓar ƙwararren likitan likitanci ba, likita) bincike, gwaji, zaɓi na hanyoyi da hanyoyin magani (gami da jama'a, madadin, har ma da na gargajiya (gami da yawon shakatawa na likita).

Kafin siyan da amfani da tsaran gwajin, ya kamata ka san kanka da umarnin mai siye don amfani.

Editocin tashar “My kwayoyi” ba su da garantin gaskiya da kuma mahimmancin kayan da aka gabatar, tunda ana inganta hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, hanawa da kawar da glucosuria koyaushe. Don karɓar cikakken kulawar likita, ya kamata ku yi alƙawari tare da likita, ƙwararren likita, ƙwararren likitanci, da farko.

Bayanan kula

Bayanan kula da bayani game da labarin "Takaddun gwaji don ƙaddara glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari." Don komawa zuwa ajalin a cikin rubutu - danna lambar da m.

• Ganuwa azanci (nuna alama) watattin gwajin gwaji, alamun nuna gwajin gwaji - pre-tattalin dakin gwaje-gwaje reagents amfani a kan filastik ko takardar takarda.Kada a rikita shi tare da tsaran gwajin ƙwayoyin lantarki don glucometers.
• a cikin vitro"href =" # baya_note_2 ">a cikin vitro , in vitro (daga Latin “a cikin gilashin”) - wani nau'in binciken da aka gudanar tare da kwayoyin, kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin halittu a cikin yanayin da ake sarrafawa a waje da yanayin iliminsu na yau da kullun, a wasu kalmomin - a cikin vitro - samfurin binciken fasaha fita kwayoyin samu daga kwayoyin halitta. Dangane da haka, lokacin da ake tantance girman glucosuria, fitsari (da sukari, glucose, musamman, wanda yake ciki) shine kayan gwajin da aka samo daga jikin mutum, kuma kayan gwajin gwaji na gani don glucosuria kayan aikin bincike ne, ana yin binciken ne da kansa. a cikin vitro. A cikin Turanci, ana fassara a cikin vitro ita ce kalmar "a gilashin", wanda ya kamata a fahimta a zahiri a matsayin "a cikin bututun gwajin gilashi." A gaba daya hankali a cikin vitro bambanta da ajalin a cikin vivoma'ana bincike a kunne kwayoyin halitta (a ciki).
• Endocrinology (daga Girkanci O56, _7, ^ 8, _9, _7, - "ciki", _4, `1, ^ 3, _7,` 9, '' ina nuna alama 'da _5, a2, ^ 7, _9, `2, - “Kimiyya, kalma”) - kimiyyar ayyuka da tsarin gabobin endocrine (glandon endocrine), kwayoyin halittun (samfurori) da aka samar da su, hanyoyin kirkirar su da aiki akan jikin mutum. Endocrinology kuma yayi nazarin cututtukan da ke haifar da lalacewar glandar endocrine, kuma yana neman hanyoyin magance cututtukan da ke tattare da rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin endocrine. Mafi yawan cututtukan endocrine shine ciwon sukari.
• Insulin - hormone mai gina jiki na dabi'a peptide, wanda aka kafa a cikin sel beta na tsibirin na pancreatic na Langerhans. Insulin yana da tasiri a cikin metabolism a kusan dukkanin kyallen takarda, yayin babban aikin shi shine rage (kiyaye al'ada) glucose (sukari) a cikin jini. Insulin yana ƙaruwa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar plasma don glucose, yana kunna maɓallin enzymes glycolysis, yana ƙarfafa samuwar glycogen a cikin hanta da tsokoki daga glucose, da haɓaka aikin sunadarai da mai. Bugu da ƙari, insulin yana hana ayyukan enzymes wanda ke rushewar mai da glycogen.
• Musayar ruwa-gishiri - jerin matakai na amfani da ruwa da kuma wutan lantarki (salts), shan su, rarrabuwa a cikin muhalli na cikin gida da ficewar jiki. Ancearancin damuwa a cikin magudin ruwa-gishiri na iya, tsawon lokaci, haifar da cin zarafin ma'aunin acid, wanda aka bayyana a cikin canji na acid (pH) na fitsari. Don sarrafa acid na fitsari, kawai sayi abubuwan pH.
• Kwayoyin farin jini - farin farin sel, rukuni mai tarin yawa na sel jini daban-daban na ayyuka da kuma bayyanar su. Kwayoyin farin jini suna kiyaye jikin mutum daga wakilai na waje da na ciki.
• Urina, daga Latin "urina", fitsari. A cikin aikin gwaje-gwaje, yawanci ana kiran fitsari.
• Acine acidity (pH, fitsari) - mai nuna hydrogen wanda ke nuna adadin ions hydrogen a cikin fitsarin mutum. Yawan acid din fitsari yana nuna daidaiton acid da alkalis a jiki.
• Amino acid - Kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda sune kayan gini don tsarin furotin, ƙwayoyin tsoka. Jiki yana amfani da amino acid don ci gaban kansa, ƙarfafawa da dawo da shi, don samar da kwayoyin halitta daban-daban, enzymes da kwayoyin.
• Lactate - samfurin samfuran metabolism, abubuwan da ke dacewa da lactic acid. Lactate na iya zama a cikin sel a cikin nau'in lactic acid kanta, ko kuma a cikin nau'ikan salim ɗin. Lactate shine babban "man" don tsarin jijiyoyi da kwakwalwa, har ma da tsokoki yayin aiki na jiki.
• Kwayoyin jini, sel jini ja sune tsarin jini wanda aikinsa shine canjawar iskar oxygen daga huhu zuwa kashin jikin mutum da jigilar carbon dioxide ta fuskar.An kafa sel sel cikin jini a cikin kashi kashi na 2.4 a cikin sel na gaba.

25% na duk sel a jikin mutum sune sel jini.

Lokacin rubuta labarin kan matakan gwaji don ƙayyade glucose (sukari) a cikin fitsari, kayan daga bayanan yanar gizo da likitancin yanar gizo na likita, shafukan yanar gizo BiosensorAN.ru, Erbarus.com, Bioscan.su, Norma.Kiev.ua, Pharmasco.com aka yi amfani dasu azaman hanyoyin. , BMJ.com, NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov, DACspectromed.com, Care.Diabetesjournals.org, Wikipedia, umarni don amfani da likitanci na maganin fitsari alamun tsiya, da kuma wallafe-wallafe masu zuwa:

• Ota Shuk "Nazarin aikin kodan." Gidan yada labarai na Avicenum, 1975, Prague,
• Philip M. Hanno, S. Bruce Malkovich, Alan J. Wayne "Jagora ga Cutar Nazarin Clinical." Hukumar Bayanai ta Cibiyar Ba da Tallafin Lafiya, 2006, Moscow,
• Okorokov A. N. “Binciken cututtuka na gabobin ciki. Lambar girma 5. Bayyanar cututtuka na tsarin jini. Cutar cutar koda. " Gidan Karatun Littattafan Likita, 2009, Moscow,
• Leia Yu. Ya "Sakamakon sakamakon jinin asibiti da gwajin fitsari." Buga gidan MEDpress-inform, 2009, Moscow,
• Henry M. Cronenberg, Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, P. Reed Larsen, “Ciwon sukari da cutawar rashin abinci mai gina jiki”. Reed Elsiver Publishing House, 2010, Moscow,
• Potyavina E.V., Vershinina S.F. “glandar glandar. Oncological matsaloli da hanyoyin warware su. Likita dangi. " Gidan wallafawa "Vector", 2010, St. Petersburg,
• Dedov I., Shestakova M. “Ciwon sukari. Binciko Jiyya. Yin rigakafin ”. Hukumar Ba da Labaran Kula da Lafiya na Likitoci, 2011, Moscow,
• Romanova E. “Cutar da kodan. M jiyya. ”Gidan yada labarai na AST, 2011, Moscow,
• Kishkun A. "Jagora ga hanyoyin bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje." Gidan wallafa "GEOTAR-Media", 2014, Moscow,
• Kamyshnikov V., Volotovskaya O., Khodyukova A., Dalnova T., Vasiliu-Svetlitskaya S., Zubovskaya E., Alekhnovich L. “Hanyar binciken bincike na asibiti”. Gidan wallafa "MEDpress-inform", 2015, Moscow.

Fa'idodi na Matakan Gwaji

Hanyoyin zamani don ganewar asali suna ba ku damar bincika fitsari yau da kullun da kuma tantance taro na glucose a cikin rabin rabin sa'a. Yana da mahimmanci a bi umarni don rarar safa don samun sakamako daidai.

Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin amfani da alamun nuna alama shine ikon ƙayyade matakan glucose ba tare da ilimin likita da gwaninta ba. Irin waɗannan tsararru suna da sauki kuma suna dacewa, mai sauƙin amfani.

Saboda girmansu da kuma shambon shambura na hermetically, ana iya ɗaukar abubuwa tare da kai a hanya, ana iya yin gwaji a ko'ina kamar yadda ya cancanta, don tantance yanayinku da shan magani akan lokaci (ga masu ciwon sukari). Wannan yana nufin cewa ba za ku iya dogaro da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ba, shirya tafiye-tafiyenku, 'yancin motsi.

Zai yi wahala mai mara lafiya ya yi rajista a wani asibiti duk lokacin, don tsayawa kan layi don isar da bincike game da fitsari. Bayyanar cututtuka a gida zai ba ka damar tantance yanayinka, ta yadda a nan gaba, idan ya cancanta, nemi likita, ka ɗauki magani a kan lokaci, da dai sauransu. Samun dacewa da saurin tantancewa ya daɗe da godiya ga mutanen da ke buƙatar saka idanu na yau da kullin glucose a cikin fitsari.

Menene wannan cutar?

Bala'i a cikin aiki na wasu daga cikin gabobin ciki mutum na iya kawo cikas ga samarda insulin na al'ada. Tare da isasshen adadinsa, matakan glucose a cikin jini baya raguwa. Lokaci don gano wannan Patalin ya ba da damar gwaji don ciwon sukari. Sau da yawa, marasa lafiya suna koyo game da cutar kwatsam. Kuma idan kun maimaita irin wannan karatun lokaci-lokaci, to zaku iya kiyaye lafiyarku.

Cutar Ciwon Mara

Tare da wata cuta ta nau'in farko, alamu suna bayyana ba zato ba tsammani, don nau'in na biyu, ci gaba da haɓaka shine halayyar mutum. A farkon batun, ƙungiyar haɗarin ta ƙunshi matasa da yara. An ba da shawarar yin gwajin jini don ciwon sukari idan:

• Sau da yawa wanda ba a iya gano ƙishirwa
• Akwai matsi da yawa zuwa bayan gida, yawan fitsari yana da yawa,
• Akwai wani rauni wanda ba a bayyana shi a jiki,
• An lura da raguwa sosai a cikin nauyin jiki.

Yaran da iyayensu ke fama da wannan cutar suma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankarau. Musamman idan an haife jariri tare da nauyin kilogram 4500, tare da rage yawan rigakafi, cututtuka na rayuwa ko kuma yana kan abincin da bai daidaita ba. Saboda haka, irin waɗannan yara yakamata a bincika su a kai a kai ta likita.

Nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari yafi shafawa matan da suka tsallake da shekaru 45 shekaru. Musamman idan sun jagoranci salon rayuwa mara aiki, masu kiba da abinci mai gina jiki. Mutanen da ke wannan rukuni ya kamata a gwada su lokaci-lokaci don masu ciwon sukari. Kuma kada ku yi shakka idan kun fara lura:

• Numbness of yatsan
• Cutar kaciya,
• Fashin fata
• Dindindin bushe bakin.

Bayyanar wadannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya faruwa lokaci guda. Wata kararrawa na firgita don bincike na iya zama mai yawan saurin kamuwa da sanyi ga sanyi.

Me ya sa nake buƙatar gwadawa?

Bincike a cikin ciwon sukari dole ne a yi. Kwayar halittar endocrinologist ta kawo batun gwaje-gwaje, haka kuma ya sanya fitinar karshe. Ana gudanar da binciken ne don dalilai masu zuwa:

• Kafawar cuta
• Saka idanu da kuzarin canje-canje masu gudana,
• Kulawa da lafiyar kodan da cututtukan fata,
• Kulawa da glucose na jini,
• Zabi na yawan insulin da ake buƙata don allura,
• Ma'anar rikice-rikice da kuma matsayin ci gaban su.

Ya kamata a gwada mata masu juna biyu saboda zargin cutar siga. Bayan duk wannan, wannan na iya shafar lafiyar jariri da kuma ikonta na “isar” ciki zuwa lokacin da ake so. Bayan samun sakamakon binciken, idan ya cancanta, an zaɓi hanyar magani ko an yi alƙawura don ƙarin iko.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ne na jini ya kamata a dauka?

Idan kuna da shakku cewa ciwon sukari na haɓaka, ko kuna cikin haɗari, to kuna buƙatar sanin irin gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙatar wucewa. Da farko dai, ya kamata ka san sakamakon:

1. Binciken kwayoyin halittun glucose na jini. A ƙimar sama da 5.5 mmol / L, ana yin bincike na biyu kamar yadda endocrinologist ya umarta.
2. Glycated gwajin haemoglobin.
3. Nazarin C-peptides.
4. Gwajin haƙuri na Gwaji - Gwajin haƙuri da haƙuri (GTT).
5. Gwajin gwajin cutar sankara na siga.

Idan akwai wata cuta ko tuhuma game da ci gabanta, ana ba da gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari kowane watanni 2-6. Wannan yana ba ku damar ganin canje-canje a cikin jiki. Kuma, da farko, don tabbatar da cewa cutar tana da mahimmancin ci gaba.

Nazarin kwayoyin

Gwajin jini na biochemical zai taimaka gano ƙwayar sukari a cikin kayan ɓarawon. Idan alamunsa sun zarce 7 mmol / l, to wannan yana nuna ci gaban ciwon sukari. An tsara wannan nau'in bincike sau ɗaya a shekara, saboda haka ya kamata mai haƙuri ya sarrafa yanayin lafiyar kansa kuma, a mafi ƙarancin karkata daga al'ada, nemi likita.

Biochemistry kuma yana ba da damar gano ciwon sukari ta hanyar karkatar da sauran alamomin: cholesterol (an ɗaukaka shi idan yana rashin lafiya), fructose (haɓaka), triglycides (mafi girman ɗaukaka), sunadarai (saukar da ƙasa). An biya kulawa ta musamman ga abubuwan insulin: don nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari an saukar da shi, don 2 - ya karu ko yana cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka na al'ada.

Gwajin gwajin haƙuri

Lokacin bincika marasa lafiya don ciwon sukari, ana yin gwajin haƙuri haƙuri. Tare da shi, zaku iya gano matsalolin ɓoye a cikin aiki na ƙwayar cuta kuma, a sakamakon haka, matsaloli tare da metabolism na jiki. Alamu game da nadin GTT sune:

1. Matsaloli tare da hawan jini,
2. Wuce kima a jiki
3. Polycystic ovary,
4. Babban sukari a cikin mata masu juna biyu
5. Cutar hanta
6. Farjin hormone na dogon lokaci
7. Haɓakar cutar haihuwar.

Don iyakar daidaiton sakamakon da aka samu, ya zama dole don shirya jikinka yadda yakamata don gwajin. A cikin kwanaki 3 kafin wannan hanyar gano cutar sukari, ba za ku iya yin canje-canje ga abincinku ba. Ranar da za a fara gwajin, hakanan za ku daina shan giya, kuma a ranar gwajin, bai kamata ku sha taba ko shan kofi ba.

Guji yanayin da zai sa ka gumi cikin nasara. Kada ku canza sigar da aka saba da kullun ruwa na shansa a rana. An yi gwajin farko da wuri akan komai a ciki. Ana yin abubuwa masu zuwa ne bayan shan ruwa tare da narkar da glucose a ciki. Ana maimaita matakan sau da yawa a lokuta na yau da kullun.

An rubuta duk sakamakon, kuma an yanke shawara akan abin. Idan alamar sukari ya kasance 7.8 mmol / L, to, komai yana tare da ku. Idan sakamakon ya shiga cikin kewayon daga 7.8 zuwa 11.1 mmol / l, to kuna da yanayin da aka riga aka kamu da cutar - akwai matsaloli a cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Duk abin da ke sama da 11.1 mmol / L - a fili yana nuna wata cuta.

Glycated Hemoglobin Assay

Irin wannan nazarin yana ba ku damar sanin matakin tattara yawan sukari a cikin jini a cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata. Dangane da haka, maimaitawar maimaitawa shine watanni 3. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje na ciwon sukari na iya gano shi a farkon matakai. Hakanan ya kamata ku shirya don sashinta:

1. Don haya a kan komai a ciki.
2. Kwana biyu kafin bayarwa yakamata ya kasance akwai rashin wadatuwar infusions.
3. Kwanaki 3 kafin ranar bayarwa yakamata kada ayi asarar jini mai nauyi

Don kimanta sakamakon, an tattara bayanan da aka samu a cikin kashi dari tare da ƙididdigar haemoglobin. Idan sakamakon ya kasance a cikin kewayon 4.5-6.5%, to kuwa kuna daidai. Idan adadin ya kasance daga 6 zuwa 6.5, to wannan shine matakin cutar suga. Duk abin da ke sama cuta ce.

Eterayyadewar C-peptides

Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari na iya yin daidai da ƙimar lalacewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke shiga kai tsaye a cikin samar da insulin. Alamu masu irin wannan binciken sune:

• Kasancewar glucose a cikin fitsari,
• The bayyanar asibiti na ciwon sukari,
• Halin gado na gado
• Bayyanar alamun alamun cutar yayin daukar ciki.

Kafin nazarin, bitamin C, Asfirin, magungunan hormonal da kuma cututtukan hana haihuwa ba za a sha su ba. An yi gwajin ne a kan komai a ciki. Lokacin azumi a gabansa ya zama akalla awanni 10. Ranar gwajin, zaku iya shan ruwa kawai. Ba shan taba, babu cin abinci. Mai nuna alamar sakamako na yau da kullun kewayo ne daga 298 zuwa 1324 pm / L. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, alamu suna da girma. Duk abin da ke ƙasa yana faɗi game da nau'in cuta 1. Hakanan ana iya lura da ƙarancin girma yayin maganin insulin.

Gwajin jini na cutar sankara

Ana gudanar da wannan binciken a matakai da yawa. A farkon waɗannan, ana yin gwaje-gwaje a kan komai a ciki. Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar ya wuce tun abincin ƙarshe, sa'o'i 8. An ba da wannan lokacin don daidaita abubuwan glucose.

Valuesimar iyaka na yau da kullun ta kai 100 mg / dl, kuma a gaban wata cuta - 126 mg / dl. Dangane da haka, duk abin da ke cikin wannan kewayon yana nuna kasancewar ciwon sukari na latent. Don mataki na gaba, ana gudanar da gwajin ne bayan shan ruwa na ruwa na ruwa 200 tare da sukari da aka gauraya shi. Ana iya samun sakamako a cikin 'yan sa'o'i biyu.

Ka'ida zai kasance a cikin kewayon har zuwa 140 mg / dl, da latti ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin kudaden daga 140 zuwa 200 mg / dl. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali bisa ga bayanan da aka karɓa, likita ya tsara ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari, dole ne a wuce su don tabbatar da cewa wuce haddi na al'ada.

Wadanne gwajin fitsari ne ya kamata a sha?

Idan ka bi ka’ida, to a cikin fitsari cikin lafiyayyen mutum, ba za a iya gano sukari ba, bai kamata ya kasance a wurin ba. Don bincike, galibi ana amfani da fitsari safe ko fitsari yau da kullun. Lokacin yin bincike, ana yin la’akari da sakamakon:

1. Fitsari na safe. Idan mutum yana da koshin lafiya, to lallai yakamata a sami sukari a cikin fitsari kwata-kwata. Idan kashi-kashi da aka tara na binciken ya nuna glucose, to yakamata a sake maimaita binciken yau da kullun.
2. Fitsari na yau da kullun yana ba ku damar kafa cutar da tsananin ƙarfinsa a gaban sukari a cikin fitsari.

Lokacin yin wannan nau'in bincike kwana ɗaya kafin, ba a ba da shawarar ci tumatir, beets, lemu, tangerines, lemons, innabi, karas, buckwheat da kabewa. Manuniyar nazarin yau da kullun, ba shakka, sun fi ƙarin bayani ga likita. Lokacin tattara kayan, duk dokoki da shawarwari yakamata a bi.

Janar (safiya) bincike

Yakamata a yi gwajin jini gaba ɗaya don masu ciwon sukari a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Hakanan, ya kamata a bi wasu ka'idodi yayin tara fitsari. A yadda aka saba, a cikin wannan kayan abun cikin sukari ya kamata ya zama ba komai. An ba da izinin zuwa 0.8 mol kowace lita na fitsari. Duk abin da ya wuce wannan darajar yana nuni da cutar sankara. Kasancewar glucose a cikin fitsari ana kiransa glucosuria.

Yakamata a tattara allurar a cikin akwati mai tsabta ko kuma bakararre. Kafin tattarawa, ya kamata ku wanke al'aurarku da kyau. Ya kamata a ɗauki matsakaicin yanki don bincike. Dole ne a karɓi kayan a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a tsakanin awanni 1.5.

Nazarin yau da kullun

Idan akwai buƙatar bayyana sakamakon babban binciken ko tabbatar da bayanan da aka samo, likita zai ba da wani tarin fitsari yau da kullun. Kashi na farko nan da nan bayan an farka ba a la'akari dashi. Fara daga urination na biyu, tattara komai a cikin kwana ɗaya a cikin tsabta, busassun kwalba.

Adana kayan da aka tattara a cikin firiji. Washegari da kuka gauraya shi don daidaita alamomi a duk ƙara, zuba 200 ml a cikin akwati daban mai tsabta kuma ɗauka don bincika.

Yaya ake lalata kodan a cikin ciwon sukari?

Tsarkakewa jini daga sharar gida yana faruwa ta hanyar mataccen ƙodan koda.

Ana gudanar da aikinta ta hanyar duniyan duniyan.

Jini daga tasoshin da ke kewayen glomeruli ya wuce ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.

Yawancin ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki ana dawo dasu, sannan ana fitar da samfuran abubuwa ta hanyar ureters da mafitsara.

Baya ga tsarkakewar jini, kodan suna yin irin waɗannan ayyuka masu mahimmanci:

1. Samun maganin erythropoietin, wanda ke shafar samuwar jini.
2. Tsarin renin, wanda ke daidaita karfin jini.
3. Ofa'idar musayar alli da phosphorus, waɗanda aka haɗe su da tsarin ƙashin ƙashi.

Guban jini yana haifar da glycation na furotin. A gare su, kwayoyin suna fara farawa a cikin jikin mutum. Kari akan haka, tare da irin wannan halayen, kirjin platelet yana tashi a cikin jini kuma karamin tsari na clots jini.

Sunadaran da ke cikin tsari mai narkewa na iya zubowa ta hanjin kodan, kuma karuwar matsin lamba na kara wannan tsarin. Sunadarai suna tarawa a jikin bangon capillaries kuma a tsakanin su a cikin ƙwayar kodan. Duk wannan yana tasiri da izinin capillaries.

A cikin jinin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari akwai wuce haddi na glucose, wanda, ke wucewa cikin glomerulus, yana ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa tare da shi. Wannan yana kara matsin lamba a cikin glomerulus. Yawan ƙara tacewar ƙasa tana ƙaruwa. A matakin farko na ciwon sukari, yana ƙaruwa, sannan a hankali ya fara faɗi.

Nan gaba, saboda yawan karuwar da ake yi akan kodan da cutar sankara, wasu daga cikin glomeruli ba zasu iya jure nauyin da suka mutu ba. Wannan ƙarshe yana haifar da raguwa ga tsarkakewar jini da haɓaka alamun bayyanar cututtuka na koda.

Kodan suna da wadataccen kayan abinci na glomeruli, don haka wannan tsari yana da jinkiri, kuma alamun farko na lalacewar koda a cikin cutar sankara yawanci ba a cikin shekaru biyar ba daga farkon cutar. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Janar rauni, gazawar numfashi a karamin rauni.
• Barci da nutsuwa.
• M kumburi kafafu da a karkashin idanun.
• Hawan jini.
• Wani digo a cikin sukari na jini.
• Ciwon ciki, amai.
• Kujerar da ba za ta iya zama tare da maye gurbi ba da gudawa.
• Musclesaƙƙarfan maraƙin suna jin ciwo, ƙyallen ƙafafu, musamman da maraice.
• Itching na fata.
• Ku ɗanɗani baƙin ƙarfe a bakin.
• Akwai ƙanshin fitsari daga bakin.

Fatar ta zama mai launin fata, tare da launin shuɗi ko launin toka.

Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na lalacewar koda

Matsakaicin sugarManFaniDa zazzage sukari ko ka zabi jinsi don shawarwariLevel0.58 Neman da aka samuSai tantance shekarun manAge45 NemanNa samoSannan shekarun matarAge45 BincikoNot found

Tabbatar da ƙimar tace ƙasa (gwajin Reberg). Don ƙayyade yawan fitsari da aka saki a minti guda, ana tattara kullun fitsari. Wajibi ne a san daidai lokacin da aka yi tarin fitsari. Sannan, ana yin lissafin matattara ta amfani da dabarun amfani.

Matsakaicin al'ada na aikin koda ya wuce 90 ml a minti daya, har zuwa 60 ml - aikin yana da ɗan rauni, har zuwa 30 - lalacewar koda. Idan saurin ya ragu zuwa 15, to an yi bincike game da gazawar matsalar koda.

Binciken hanji don albumin. Albumin shine mafi kankanta daga dukkanin sunadarai da ke cikin fitsari. Saboda haka, gano microalbuminuria a cikin fitsari yana nufin cewa kodan sun lalace. Albuminuria yana haɓaka tare da nephropathy a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ciwon sukari na mellitus, yana kuma bayyana kanta tare da barazanar infarction myocardial da bugun jini.

Norma'idar albumin a cikin fitsari ya kai 20 mg / l, har zuwa 200 mg / l ana kamuwa da microalbuminuria, sama da 200 - macroalbuminuria da mummunan lalacewar koda.

Bugu da kari, albuminuria na iya faruwa tare da rashin haƙuri na glucose, cututtukan autoimmune, hauhawar jini.Zai iya haifar da kumburi, duwatsun koda, mafitsara, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta.

Don sanin matakin lalacewar koda a cikin ciwon sukari, kuna buƙatar gudanar da binciken:

1. Gwajin jini na kwayoyin halittun jini don creatinine.
2. Tabbatar da ƙimar tace ƙasa.
3. Binciken hanji don albumin.
4. Binciken ƙwayoyin cuta don creatinine.
5. Gwajin jini na creatinine. A karshe samfurin na gina jiki metabolism ne creatinine. Matsayi na creatinine na iya haɓaka tare da rage yawan aikin koda da isasshen jini. Don maganin cututtukan koda, creatinine na iya ƙaruwa tare da matsanancin ƙoƙari na jiki, mafi yawan abincin nama a cikin abincin, rashin ruwa, da kuma amfani da magunguna waɗanda ke cutar da kodan.

Kayan al'ada na mata sun kasance daga 53 zuwa 106 micromol / l, ga maza daga 71 zuwa 115 micromol / l.

4. Rinkewar ciki don creatinine. Kididdigar halittar jini daga jinin ita ce kodan ya kebe shi Game da aiki na nakasassu, tare da babban aikin motsa jiki, kamuwa da cuta, yawanci abincin nama, cututtukan endocrine, matakan haɓaka sunadarai.

Halin da ke cikin mmol kowace rana ga mata shine 5.3-15.9, ga maza 7.1-17.7.

Valuididdigar yawan bayanai daga waɗannan nazarin ya sa ya yiwu a faɗi tsinkaye: yaya yiwuwar ƙodan ta gaza kuma a wane mataki cutar cututtukan koda (CKD). Irin wannan ganewar asali ma wajibi ne saboda mummunan alamu na asibiti sun fara bayyana a matakin lokacin da canje-canje a cikin kodan an riga an canza su.

Albuminuria ya bayyana a farkon matakin, don haka idan an fara jiyya, to za a iya hana gazawar koda na koda.

Hanyar glucose a cikin fitsari

Fitsari a cikin jiki ana yin sa ta hanyar tace jini da kodan. Abun da ya ƙunsa ya dogara da yanayin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, aikin ƙoshin yara na glomeruli, akan tsarin sha da abinci mai gina jiki.

Da farko, ana yin fitsari na farko wanda babu ƙwayoyin jini ko manyan ƙwayoyin furotin. Sannan, yakamata a cire abubuwa masu guba tare da fitsari na biyu, kuma amino acid, glucose, da abubuwan da suka wajaba don tafiyar matakai su zama da jini.

Ga glucose, akwai tsaka-tsakin matakin abin da ke cikin sa a cikin jini, wanda ba ya shiga fitsari. Ana kiranta bakin ƙofa. Ga lafiyayyen mutum mai lafiya, wannan shine 9-10 mmol / l, kuma tare da shekaru, ƙarar ƙararren dan ƙasa na iya ƙasa da ƙasa. A cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 12, wannan matakin shine 10-12 mmol / L.

Take hakkin lalata abu ya shafi ba kawai da abubuwan glucose a cikin jini ba, har ma da yanayin tsarin tace kodan, sabili da haka, a cikin cututtuka, musamman a cikin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa, glucose na iya bayyana a cikin fitsari tare da glucose na jini na al'ada.

Glucosuria na Jiki

Matsakaicin sugarManFaniDa zazzage sukari ko ka zabi jinsi don shawarwariLevel0.58 Neman da aka samuSai tantance shekarun manAge45 NemanNa samoSannan shekarun matarAge45 BincikoNot found

A yadda aka saba, glucose na iya fitowa a cikin fitsari tare da babban ci na carbohydrates mai sauƙi tare da abinci, babban adadin maganin kafeyin, har ma da matsananciyar damuwa, bayan wucewar jiki. Irin waɗannan abubuwan yawanci gajere ne kuma, tare da maimaita karatun, urinalysis yana nuna ƙarancin sukari.

Corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, anabolics, estrogens zasu iya haifar da glucosuria na ɗan lokaci. Bayan dakatar da shan irin waɗannan magunguna, sukari a cikin fitsari ya koma al'ada.

Ana ganin bayyanar glucose a cikin fitsari a cikin mata masu juna biyu cikin uku. Irin waɗannan mata suna buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje don kawar da ciwon sukari na gestational. Rashin kasancewarsa bayan haihuwa, glucosuria ta ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba.

Dalilin cin zarafin metabolism a cikin mata masu ciki shine sakin kwayoyin hormones wadanda ke aiki da insulin.A lokaci guda, juriyawar insulin yana haɓaka, kuma ɓoyewar sa yana ƙaruwa da ramuwa. Kwayar cutar cututtukan da ta haɗu da sukarin jini da glucosuria sun haɗa da:

• Asedara yawan ci da ƙishirwa.
• Cutar cututtukan fata
• Hawan jini.
• Urination akai-akai.

Suna iya zama alamomin cutar sankarar hanji.

Rukunin haɗarin sun haɗa da mata masu fama da rashin haihuwa, babban tayi a cikin haihuwa da suka gabata, waɗanda ke da halin gado game da ciwon sukari kuma suna da kiba.

Glucosuria a cutar koda

Cutar sankarar mahaifa cuta ce ta juyewar glucose a cikin tubules na kodan, wanda hakan ke haifar da cututtuka na tsarin na koda. Tare da glucourur na koda, sukari a cikin fitsari na iya kasancewa a matakin al'ada na glycemia.

A lokaci guda, ƙwanƙwasa na ƙirar glucose yana raguwa, ana iya kasancewa a cikin fitsari har ma da hypoglycemia Irin waɗannan glucosuria mafi yawan lokuta ana lura da su a cikin yara masu cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na yara kuma ana kiranta na farko na renal glucosuria.

Sun haɗa da: Cutar Fanconi, a cikin abin da tsarin tubules na kodan da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta tubulointerstitial ke rikicewa, wanda lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar koda. Irin waɗannan cututtukan suna haifar da bayyanar furotin a cikin fitsari da kuma babban pH na fitsari.

Secondary glucosuria ya bayyana a irin wannan yanayin:

• Kwayar cuta
• Ciwon mara na wucin gadi.
• Ciwon ƙwayar cutar sankara.
• Rashin wahala.
• Glomerulosclerosis a cikin ciwon sukari.

A cikin cututtukan koda, fitsari yana da ƙayyadadden ƙarfin nauyi; Kwayoyin jini, farar jini, da furotin an ƙaddara su.

Glucosuria a cikin ciwon sukari

Tare da warewar cututtukan cututtukan koda, cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar pituitary da glandon, glandon adrenal, ana iya ɗauka cewa bayyanar glucose a cikin fitsari yana nuna ci gaba da hauhawa da jininsa tare da ciwon sukari mellitus.

A cikin tubules na kodan, shan glucose yana faruwa tare da halartar hexokinase enzyme, wanda aka kunna tare da halartar insulin, sabili da haka, tare da ƙarancin insulin, ƙarancin ƙirar yana raguwa, sabili da haka, a cikin marasa lafiya da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, matakin glucosuria baya nuna matsayin ƙara yawan sukari na jini.

Tare da haɓakar rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari mai narkewa, ana maye gurbin ƙwayar koda na al'ada ta hanyar haɗin nama, sabili da haka, har ma da sukarin jini, ba a samo shi a cikin fitsari.

A cikin maganganun lokuta na ciwon sukari mellitus ta kasancewar gaban glucose a cikin fitsari na mai haƙuri, mutum zai iya yin hukunci game da nasarar biyan diyya, bayyanar sa alama ce ta ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar sukari ko insulin.

A cikin cututtukan sukari na mellitus, glucose, saboda iyawar jawo ruwa daga kyallen takarda, yana haifar da alamun alamun rashin ruwa a jiki:

• Needarin buƙatar ruwa, da wuya a datse ƙishirwa.
• Dry bakin tare da ciwon sukari.
• Yawan urination.
• Fata da bushe na mucous membranes.
• Weaknessara rauni.

Rashin glucose a cikin fitsari lokacin da ba zai yiwu a sha shi ba daga kyallen takarda yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa carbohydrates ba zai iya zama tushen samar da makamashi ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin lafiyar jiki. Sabili da haka, marasa lafiya, duk da karuwar ci, suna da haɗarin asara nauyi.

A cikin jiki, tare da karancin glucose a cikin sel, jikin ketone wanda yake da guba ga kwakwalwa ya fara zama.

Menene bincike fitsari a cikin nau'in 1 da nau'in masu ciwon sukari guda 2 ya nuna?

30-40% na mutanen da aka gano tare da ciwon sukari suna da matsaloli tare da kodan su da tsarin urinary.

Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan marasa lafiya suna bayyana pyelonephritis, nephropathy, cystitis, ketoacidosis.

Tunda wasu daga cikin cututtukan da aka jera suna da dogon latent, basu da kullun ana iya gano su akan lokaci. Urinalysis hanya ce mai sauƙi kuma mai araha ta hanyar da halartar likitan mata zai iya ganin cewa matakan metabolism na jiki sun lalace.

Bugu da kari, bayan binciken sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, likita zai iya bin diddigin lokaci duk wata karkacewa a cikin jiki wanda ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa jinin mai haƙuri yana haɓaka.

Ana ba da gwajin fitsari don kamuwa da cutar a cikin yanayi uku:

• carbohydrate metabolism cuta da aka bincikar da farko,
• shirin saka idanu akan hanyar kulawa da halin yanzu na mai haƙuri,
• fayyace ganewar asali a gaban bayyanar cututtuka masu firgitarwa: tsalle-tsalle cikin nauyin jikin mutum, raguwa a matakan glucose, rage yawan motsa jiki, da sauransu.

Bugu da kari, za a iya gabatar da bincike a kowane lokaci kuma bisa ga ra'ayin kanka.

Launin fitsari don kamuwa da cutar siga

A mafi yawan lokuta, fitsarin mutumin da ke fama da cutar sankara yana da launin toka da ruwa.

A gaban abubuwan haɗaɗɗun ƙwayoyin cuta, launi na iya canzawa.

Misali, yayin aiwatar da cututtukan hanji a cikin tsarin fitsari, feces na iya zama ya zama mai hadari da duhu, tare da hematuria, fitsari yakan sami launin toka, kuma fitsari mai duhu mai duhu ya zama tare da cututtukan hanta.

Duk wani canji na launi na fitarwa zai kasance da faɗakarwa, musamman ga mutanen da ba su sha wahala daga kowace irin cuta ba.

Fitsari na lafiyayyen mutum ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon launi daga launin rawaya mai haske (amber) zuwa ɗan rawaya kaɗan (bambaro).

Glucose, furotin a cikin sauran abubuwa a cikin fitsari tare da ciwon sukari

Saboda kodan masu ciwon sukari sun kasa sarrafa sarrafa sukari mai yawa a jiki, yawan glucose yana shiga fitsari.

Bari mu fayyace cewa kada sukari ya kasance cikin fitsarin mutum lafiya.

Yawancin lokaci mai haƙuri yana jin ƙishirwa, kuma yawan adadin asirin na iya ƙaruwa har zuwa lita uku a rana. Ka kwaɗaitar da yin amfani da urinate, a matsayin mai mulkin, a hanzarta. Wani mahimmancin alamar ƙira shine furotin.

Abun da ke ciki yakamata kada ya wuce 8 mg / dl ko 0.033 g / l kowace rana. Idan ka’idar ta wuce, wannan yana nuna cewa aikin tantancewar ƙodan ya lalace.

Yawancin jikin Ketone ana samun su a cikin fitsari na masu ciwon sukari (mutane masu lafiya bai kamata su same su ba). An kafa su yayin aiki mai a cikin yanayin rashin insulin. Idan matakin ketone na jikin ya haɗu, wannan yana haifar da mummunar haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Kasancewar sunadarin, jikin ketone da glucose a cikin fitsari wata takamaiman alama ce cewa mai haƙuri yana fama da ciwon sukari. Amma karkacewa daga ƙa'idar kuma ana iya yiwuwa tare da wasu cututtuka, sabili da haka, ban da nazarin fitsari, ana yin ƙarin nazarin.

Canje-canje a cikin maganin urinary a cikin masu ciwon sukari

An bincika kwantar da hankula ta amfani da gwajin gwaje-gwajen ƙira na microscopic.

A yayin aiwatar da ayyukan bincike, ana tantance mai inganci da adadi na abubuwan da ba za'a iya amfani da su ba na fitsari. Latterarshen sun haɗa da salts, sel epithelial, ƙwayoyin cuta, cylinders, kazalika da farin jini da sel jini.

Rashin maganin fitsari a jiki shine bincike-tsaye wanda aka wajabta wa marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari ban da gwajin fitsari baki daya. Dalili: don koyon yadda ƙodan ke aiki, kazalika don tabbatar da fa'idar jiyya.

A kan alamun microscopy na maganin fitsari a cikin tebur:

Abubuwan rarrabuwa sun nuna cewa tsarin urinary baya aiki yadda yakamata. Gwajin karshe shine kawai likita.

Takamaiman nauyi na fitsari a cikin ciwon sukari

Wannan manunin yana nuna iyawar kodan wajen tattara fitsari. Daidaitaccen yanayin daidaituwa na datti ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon mai zuwa: 1.010-1.025.

Idan yawaitar fitsari tayi ƙasa, wannan na iya nuna rashin ciwon sukari, rashin daidaituwar hormonal ko kuma cututtukan koda.

Alamar da aka wuce gona da iri na iya nuna ba kawai ciwon sukari ba, har ma da cututtukan zuciya da kodan, bushewar jiki, tarin furotin, sukari ko gubobi a cikin jiki.

Kamshin acetone

Idan urination yana tare da bayyanar ƙanshin acetone, wannan alama ce mai haɗari wanda zai iya nuna cewa mai haƙuri ya ɓullo da ketoacidosis.

Tare da wannan rikicewar cututtukan sukari, jikin yana lalata nasa reshen mai, yana haifar da samuwar ketones, wanda ake amfani dashi azaman makamashi.

Tare da irin wannan cin zarafin ƙwayar carbohydrate, fitsari yana fara ɗorawa daga acetone. Halin yana buƙatar magani na gaggawa, saboda yana barazanar haɗari da mutuwa.

Kayi ƙoƙarin kawar da ƙanshin acetone da kanka. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan bayyanar sa, zaku iya fada cikin rashin lafiya, sabili da haka, lokacin da wata alama mai kama da ta bayyana, dole ne ku nemi likita da gaggawa.

Sauke sukari a cikin ciwon sukari

Tare da ciwon sukari, matsala ta taso saboda cin zarafin metabolism. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karancin jikin mutum da ke samar da insulin na hormone. Don wannan, yawan ƙwayar glucose yana zubowa daga cikin ƙodan ta fitsari. Saboda haka, yawan sukari a cikin fitsari ana lura dashi koyaushe.

Idan an gano glucose a cikin fitsari a cikin adadin adadin 1 mmol, to wannan yana nuna cikakken rashin ciwon sukari. Idan alamu sunkai daga mm 1 to 3 mmol, to akwai canjin yanayin cutar haƙuri. Idan fiye da mm 3ol, to wannan yana nuna kasancewar cutar sankaran fuka. A tsari, wannan shine dabi'ar sukari a cikin fitsari na masu ciwon sukari. Idan mai nuna alama ya zarce 10 mmol / l, to wannan tuni ya kasance yanayin haɗari ga mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari.

Ta yaya sukari a cikin fitsari yake da haɗari ga masu ciwon sukari?

Kasancewar glycosuria a cikin ciwon sukari na ba da gudummawa ga irin wannan rikice-rikice:

• Dogaro da insulin, watau nau'in cuta ta biyu ta juya zuwa na farko,
• tashin hankali a cikin aiki na zuciya tsoka, arrhythmia,
• coma mai cutar kansa
• girgije, suma,
• na koda kuma gazawar zuciya,
• cuta cuta a cikin kwakwalwa,
• ketoacidosis da polyuria.

Sanadin sukari a cikin fitsari

Fitsari ya bayyana ne a lokacin yin aikin fitar jini a cikin kodan. Sabili da haka, abun da ke cikin fitsari ya dogara da abubuwan iya aiki na tubules na koda da kuma yawan sukari a cikin jini. Idan akwai yawan glucose mai wuce haddi, to kuwa tsarin kewaya yayi kokarin cire shi daga jirgi. Sabili da haka, ana fitar da sukari a cikin fitsari yayin samarwarsa. Bugu da ƙari ga ciwon sukari, wanda ba a sarrafa glucose ta insulin ba saboda bai isa ba, akwai wasu dalilai na karuwar sukari a cikin fitsari:

• magani na kwayoyi, wanda ke amfani da kwayoyi waɗanda ke hana aiki na tsarin renal,
• dabi'ar gado
• gazawar hormonal
• ciki
• rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma, musamman, cin mutuncin kafeyin,
• maye na jiki ta hanyar sunadarai da magungunan psychotropic,
• matsanancin damuwa yana haifar da sakin glucose a cikin fitsari,
• wasu cututtukan tunani a cikin nau'in damuwa,
• ƙonewa mai yawa
• na gazawar.

Tare da haɓaka nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus, wuce haddi na glucose a cikin fitsari ana iya haifar da shi sakamakon rashin samar da insulin, cin abinci na abinci na carbohydrate, da gazawar hormonal.

Ana kiran glycosuria (aka glucosuria) ta yawan wucewar glucose a cikin fitsarin mutum. Wannan yana da haɗari musamman ga mellitus na ciwon sukari na nau'ikan 1 da na 2. Babban dalilin ci gaban wannan binciken a cikin masu ciwon sukari shine wuce haddi na glucose a cikin magudanar jini da kuma rashin isar da sukari ga sel.

Glycosuria ana samun sauƙin gano shi ta hanyar gwajin fitsari don sukari.

Daga wannan bidiyon zaku iya ganowa dalla-dalla ainihin menene glucosuria kuma menene dalilan ci gabanta.

Bayyanar cututtuka na glycosuria a cikin mata da maza

Hoto na asibiti tare da haɓaka matakin sukari a cikin fitsari ana misalta shi da waɗannan alamun:

• A kullum ƙishirwa ba za a iya gamsar da ita ba
• urination akai-akai
• overdried mucous membranes na baka kogo,
• rauni na jiki da saurin gajiya,
• tsoka zafi syndromes,
• hungerarin yunwa,
• zawo
• tsananin farin ciki
• wuce kima gumi
• rashin hankali.

Tare da glycosuria, abubuwa masu amfani suna wanke jiki tare da fitsari, saboda wanda jiki yake wahala. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri ya fara wuce gona da iri, amma har yanzu yana asarar kilo, wato rasa nauyi.

Yaya za a bi da glycosuria?

An wajabta maganin warkewa a kan tushen bincike da kuma sanadin glycosuria:

1. Idan an gano cutar a gaban ciwon sukari mellitus, to, ana ba da magani ga daidaituwar glucose a cikin jini. Yana da mahimmanci musamman ga kyallen takarda da sel tare da abubuwa masu amfani, saboda haka ana amfani da maganin bitamin, kuma ana bin abinci na musamman. Feature - ƙuntatawa haƙuri a cikin ruwa. Amma kuna buƙatar yin wannan a hankali don kada ƙurar ruwa ta faru.
2. Idan jiki ba zai iya samar da isasshen adadin insulin ba, to, asirin insulin ya zama dole. Tare da nau'in 1st na ciwon sukari na mellitus, yawan sashin insulin yana ƙaruwa, kuma tare da nau'in na 2, an tsara magunguna na musamman - Allunan-sukari na rage sukari. Karanta karin bayani game da magani na kwayar cutar sankara a nan.
3. Tare da glycosuria, diuresis yana haɓaka, saboda wanda aka wanke dukkanin ma'adinai masu amfani. Kuma wannan yana karawa aikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Don haka, ana bada magunguna kamar su Potassium Chloride, Asparkam, potassium Magnesium Asparaginate, Panangin da sauransu.
4. Tushen magani abinci ne wanda ya cire yawan amfani da Sweets da abinci mai gishiri sosai, gami da naman da aka sha, abincin gwangwani, abinci mai sauri da sauran kayan cutarwa. Amma kuna buƙatar cinye 'ya'yan itace sabo da kayan lambu, dafaffen nama, burodin burodi, da dai sauransu.
5. Kuna buƙatar cin akalla sau 5 a rana a cikin ƙaramin rabo.
6. Ya kamata a kula da matakan glucose kowace rana. Ana iya yin wannan a gida.

Yadda ake tantance masu cutar siga ta hanyar gwajin jini

Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin don gano cutar sukari shine gudummawar jini don sukari mai azumi. Da farko, a kan komai a ciki - hakika yana nufin kan komai a ciki: tashi da safe, kada ku ci komai, kada ku sha kofi ko shayi, zaku iya tafasa ruwa, kar ku sha magunguna, gami da masu ciwon sukari, basu shan taba. Kafin asibitin tafi tare da matakin kwantar da hankali, saboda babban aikin jiki yana haifar da hawa da sauka a cikin sukarin jini. Idan da hali na hanzarin haduwa da jini, yi ƙoƙarin dumama hannayenku kafin ɗaukar gwajin. An cigaba da - aikin mai taimakawa dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Wata hanyar don tantance masu ciwon sukari ta hanyar gwajin jini shine gudummawar jini don sukari bayan cin abinci. Manuni mai mahimmanci wanda zai baka damar sanin menene matakin sukari na jini yayin rana. Yaya za a wuce irin wannan gwajin don ciwon sukari don samun sakamako na haƙiƙa? Mun farka da safe, muna karin kumallo daidai da yadda muke a ranakun yau da kullun, kuma mun je asibiti. Sakamakon haka, sun wuce nazarin 1-1.5 bayan cin abinci, amma idan bayan sa'o'i 2, babu wani mummunan abu da zai faru. Tabbas, binciken yakamata a yiwa alama "bayan cin abinci." Sugar, tabbas, zai kasance sama da kan komai a ciki, amma wannan baya buƙatar jin tsoro.

Wasu likitoci ba su amince da sakamakon gwajin sukarin jini da aka ɗauka daga jijiya ba. A kowane hali, mai haƙuri dole ne ya gargaɗi likita, an ɗauki bincike daga yatsa ko daga jijiya, tunda halayen da ke cikin waɗannan ƙididdigar biyu zasu bambanta kaɗan.

Yana iya faruwa cewa a daren kafin gwajin cutar sankara ko a kan hanyar zuwa ɗakin ajiyar jini ya faru. Hakanan kuma, mai haƙuri ya zama dole ya sanar da likita, sakamakon sakamakon binciken zai canza.

Yadda ake samun gwajin jini don ciwon sukari: gwajin glucose

Gwajin motsa jiki na glucose ko gwajin haƙuri na glucose ya bayyana ikon jiki don ɗaukar glucose kuma ana amfani dashi don bayyana bayyanar cututtuka a cikin yanayi inda gwajin jini bai ba da tabbataccen sakamako ba, tunda ya ɓace daga ƙa'idar, amma kaɗan.

Ba kwa buƙatar shirya musamman don gwajin don ciwon sukari tare da glucose, zaku iya jagorantar rayuwa ta al'ada, cin abinci na yau da kullun a cikin adadin da aka saba. Zai fi kyau yin bacci kafin bincike, kuma da safe, ba tare da karin kumallo ba, don cika duk ƙayyadaddu iri ɗaya kamar gabanin jinin jini na azumi.

A asibiti, da gaske suna auna sukarin jini mai azumi, sannan suna ba da maganin glucose ko shayi mai daɗi tare da lemun tsami kuma suna shan sukari na jini bayan minti 30-60-90 da minti 120. Matsakaicin matakin da sukari a cikin jini ya hau, kuma yadda sauri ya faɗi a ƙarƙashin aikin insulin da aka saki, shima yana da mahimmanci.

Halin da ake yin azumin sukari na jini da kuma bayan cin abinci al'ada ne, kuma ana gano adadi na abubuwa tare da nauyin glucose, ana kiranta mellitus na latte. Wato, jiki har yanzu yana biyun abubuwan da ke amfani da sashin carbohydrates, amma tare da yawan haɗuwarsu ake gano shi.

Idan ba a kula da irin wannan cutar ta sankara ba, zai iya zama bayyananne ga masu cutar siga - kusan kashi 3% na marasa lafiya kowace shekara. Ana kula da irin wannan ciwon sukari tare da rage cin abinci tare da ƙuntatawa na carbohydrates kuma, idan akwai kiba, daidaituwa na nauyin jiki.

Urine sukari da matakan acetone a cikin ciwon sukari

Kwararrun likitoci sun gano cutar sankara ta hanyar dandana fitsari. A cikin masu ciwon sukari, yana da daɗi, kamar yadda aka cire adadi mai yawa tare da fitsari ta hanjin kodan. A halin yanzu, wannan nazarin sukari a cikin fitsari a cikin ciwon sukari, koda ba a yi shi a cikin tsohuwar hanyar kera ba, amma ta yin amfani da hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ba ya daɗewa sosai. Kuma a nan shi ne dalilin.

Lafiyayyen mutum bashi da sukari a fitsari. Koyaya, bayyanar ta ba koyaushe take daidai da yawan sukarin jini ba, amma ya dogara da ƙoshin ƙodan. Sabili da haka, bincike don matakin sukari na fitsari a cikin ciwon sukari ba daidai bane kuma ba shi da ƙimar bincike.

Gano acetone a cikin fitsari yafi mahimmanci. Wannan bincike ne mai sauqi qwarai, ana yinsa ne ta amfani da allurar gwaji masu kamuwa da cutar siga, wacce ake nutsuwa da ita cikin tukunyar fitsari, kuma ana samun kammalawa ta hanyar canza launin alamar. Idan an samo acetone a cikin fitsari tare da mellitus na ciwon sukari, wannan yana nuna cewa mai ciwon sukari ya haɓaka mummunar rikice-rikice - ketoacidosis, wanda ke haifar da sauri cikin coma. Irin wannan mara lafiya yana buƙatar asibiti cikin gaggawa. Sau da yawa ana gano sabon nau'in cutar ciwon sukari na mellitus kawai a matakin ketoacidosis, yayin da yake haɓaka da sauri, a zahiri a cikin fewan kwanaki ko ma awanni.

Masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Monell sun ce karuwar yawan sukari na jini bayan cin carbohydrates ya danganta da yanayin ƙwarin. Maganin enzyme na amylase yana da alhakin rushewar carbohydrates. Increasedara yawan aikinta yana riƙe da yawan sukarin jini.

Glucometers da gwajin gwaninta don ciwon sukari

A halin yanzu, ana samar da sinadarai (glucose) don gwajin kai na masu cutar siga - na’urorin da zaku iya auna matakin sukarinku da kanku. An sanya digo na jini akan tsiri gwajin, sinadaran da aka shafa akansa suna amsawa tare da jini, kuma cakuda ya zama shuɗi, zafin da ake karantawa kuma ana auna shi ta yanayin ƙarfin mitir ɗin. Ko kuma a cikin sababbin sababbin na'urori da ke aiki a kan ka'idodin aiki na electrochemical, ana auna darajar ta yanzu wacce ta bayyana yayin amsawar glucose jini tare da abubuwa na musamman a cikin tsararran gwaji. Sakamakon waɗannan ma'aunai, adadi ya bayyana akan allon wanda ke nuna matakin sukari a cikin jini.

Glucometers for diabetes dole ne. Tabbas, mutane masu lafiya zasu iya auna sukari na jini tare da irin wannan glucometer, amma, tunda sun sami sakamako mai ban tsoro, bai kamata suyi maganin kansu ba. Likita ne kawai zai iya gano daidai kuma ya ba da magani yadda ya kamata.

Tarihin Nazarin Ciwon sukari

Tarihin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro kamar tsohuwar duniya. Fiye da shekaru dubu 4 da suka gabata a kasar Sin, ana kiran wannan cutar da cutar sankarau. A cikin tsohuwar rubutun gargajiyar da aka sanamu, “Ebers Papyrus,” tun daga 1500 BC. e,, wanda aka samo a cikin Theban necropolis, ciwon sukari mellitus ya bayyana azaman cuta mai zaman kanta.

Hippocrates da Paracelsus a cikin 30 na. B e. ya kuma magance tatsuniyar cutar sukari (zuma) fitsari. Hakanan ana iya samun alamun wannan cuta a cikin rubutun likita na Aul Cornelius Celsus, wanda aka rubuta a farkon zamaninmu.

Bayanin farko na asibiti game da ciwon sukari mellitus an ba shi ta likita na Areteus (Areteus Cappadocia, d. C. 138), ya kuma gabatar da kalmar "ciwon sukari" a cikin aikin likita.

Areteus ya sanya sunan cutar daga kalmar Helenanci diabaino - “Ina ratsa ta” - wannan suna ne cikakke kuma alama ce, tunda babban cutar ciwon suga shine asarar ruwa, duk da yawan shan giya.

Kodayake likitocin zamanin da ba daidai ba sun ƙaddara abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, har yanzu sun san yadda za su tsawanta rayuwar marasa lafiya tare da taimakon yin azumi, motsa jiki da magani, waɗanda aka haɗa da ganye, fure, 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganyayyaki da tushen tsirrai daban-daban. Ma'aikatan warkarwa na zamanin da sun yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu warkarwa sosai. Avicenna da'awar cewa "... likita yana da kayan aikin uku: kalma, shuka, wuƙa." An kula da magungunan motsa jiki tare da yin amfani da magungunan roba, a hankali suna inganta tasirin warkewar su.

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire na 150-200 waɗanda zasu iya samun tasirin sukari a cikin aikin likita. Haɗin waɗannan tsire-tsire ya haɗa da abubuwa masu aiki na halitta, daga cikinsu wanda ke haifar da rawar da ke gudana ta hanyar rage ƙananan sukari (galenin, inosine, inulin). Wasu tsire-tsire masu magani na lokaci guda zasu iya tasiri yawancin gabobin jiki da tsarin jikin mutum, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da kudade masu yawa.