Lipidogram - gwajin jini don cholesterol

Cikakken Gwajin Cholesterol wanda kuma ana kiranta lipid panel ko lipid profile, gwajin jini don gano ƙarancin ciki a cikin lipids kamar cholesterol (duka, HDL da LDL) da triglycerides.

Cholesterol mai kitse mai laushi ne wanda yake aiwatar da mahimman ayyuka a jiki. Ko yaya, yawan kwayoyi masu yawa na iya haifar da:

1. ciwon zuciya
2. bugun jini
3. arteriosclerosis, wani gidan makoki ko kuma taurari mai ƙarfi

Ya kamata maza su bincika matakan cholesterol su akai-akai, suna farawa daga shekaru 35 ko ƙarami. Don mata, ya zama dole a fara auna cholesterol tun yana da shekaru 45 ko kuma a baya. Don kare kanka, zaku iya ɗaukar gwajin cholesterol a kowace shekara biyar, fara daga shekaru 20.

Idan an kamu da cutar sankara, bugun jini, hawan jini, kowane cuta na zuciya, ko kuma kuna shan magunguna don sarrafa kwalar kwayar ku, to yakamata ku binciki cholesterol din ku kowace shekara.

Cholesterol na jini

A cikin gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta, ana nuna matakan cholesterol a cikin sigogi masu zuwa: jimlar cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol (ƙarancin lipoproteins ko LDL), HDL cholesterol (babban adadin lipoproteins mai yawa ko HDL) da K_amma.

Kafiri na atherogenic (K_amma) - calcuididdigar mai nuna alamar hadarin kamuwa da cutar atherosclerosis.

Dabarar da za a yi amfani da ita don yin lissafin mahaifa (K.)_amma)

inda H yake yawan cholesterol, HDL shine cholesterol (yawan kumburi mai yawa)

Maganin atherogenicity mai iyawa:

• har zuwa 3 - na al'ada
• har zuwa 4 - mai nuna alama, don rage yawan abincin da aka ba da shawarar da kuma ƙara yawan motsa jiki
• sama da 4 - babban haɗarin bunkasa atherosclerosis, ana buƙatar magani

Jimlar cholesterol

Jimlar cholesterol shine yawan cholesterol a cikin jini. Matsayi mai girma yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɗarin cututtukan zuciya. Zai fi dacewa, jimlar cholesterol ta kasance kasa da 200 milligram a kowace deciliter (mg / dl) ko 5.2 millimoles a kowace lita (mmol / l).

Norm of total cholesterol daga 3.6 mmol / l zuwa 7.8 mmol / l

Karkacewar

HDL a cikin maza kasa da 1.16 mmol / L, kuma a cikin mata kasa da 0.9 mmol / L alama ce ta atherosclerosis ko cututtukan zuciya na ischemic. Tare da raguwa a cikin HDL zuwa yanki na ƙimar iyaka (a cikin mata 0.9-1.40 mmol / L, a cikin maza 1.16-1.68 mmol / L), zamu iya magana game da ci gaban atherosclerosis da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya. Haɓakawa a cikin HDL yana nuna cewa haɗarin haɓakar cututtukan zuciya na jijiya kaɗan.

Game da rikitarwa na atherosclerosis - bugun jini, karanta labarin: Bugun jini

Jeka babban sashin binciken LABORATORY

LDL ("mara kyau") cholesterol

LDL cholesterol - Darancin Lipoproteins da yawa (LDL). Wani lokacin ana kiran shi "mummunan" cholesterol. Yayi yawa a cikin jini yana haifar da tarin kitse mai yawa (filaye) a cikin jijiya (atherosclerosis), wanda ke haifar da raguwar kwararar jini.

LDL cholesterol kada ya wuce 130 mg / dL (3.4 mmol / L). Matsayi da ke ƙasa 100 MG / dl (2.6 mmol / L) yana da kyawawa, musamman ga masu ciwon sukari, zuciya ko cutar jijiyoyin jiki.

LDL cholesterol. Ka'ida ga maza shine 2.02-4.79 mmol / l, ga mata 1.92-4.51 mmol / l.

Shawarar da aka ba da shawarar

Theungiyar Americanwararren Zuciya ta Amurka, NIH da NCEP (2003) sun haɗu da tsarin shawarar da aka ba da shawara ga LDL cholesterol (LDL).

Babban LDL tare da ƙarancin HDL shine ƙarin haɗarin haɗarin cutar cututtukan zuciya.

Hanyoyi don daidaita matakan LDL

Hanya mafi inganci ita ce rage shagunan adana dake jikin ciki (kitse mai kiba), ban da rage kiba. An bada shawara don ƙin abinci mai soyayyen, sigari da barasa. Abincin yakamata ya hada da abinci mai dauke da mayukan polyunsaturated (Omega-3), ganye, sabo kayan lambu, berries, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kayan marmari. Hakanan ana bada shawarar motsa jiki na yau da kullun; dole ne a nisantar da damuwa da kuma ingantaccen nauyin jiki.

A cewar masana, a kowane yanayi, ya kamata a fara lura da cututtukan cututtukan hanta na lipid tare da kawar da abubuwan da ke tattare da hadarin da kuma narkar da rage yawan abinci na cholesterol. A lokaci guda, yana yiwuwa a bincika rage cin abinci azaman maganin tawa kaɗai idan mai haƙuri yana shirye ya lura da shi tsawon rayuwarsa.

A magani, ana amfani da manyan azuzuwan magunguna guda biyar don magance raunin metabolism:

• Masu hana methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (“statins”): lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin.
• Fibrates: fenofibrate, simfibrate, ronifibrate, ciprofibrate, etofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate, alkalin allo, gemfibrozil, Clofibrid.
• Kalaman acid na nicotinic da niacin: niacin (nicotinic acid), niceritrol, barasa nicotinyl (pyr>

Tun da barbashi na LDL ba shi da haɗari har sai sun kasance cikin ganuwar tasoshin jini da oxidized ta hanyar tsattsauran ra'ayi, an ba da shawarar cewa amfani da maganin antioxidants da rage tasirin radicals na iya rage gudummawar LDL zuwa atherosclerosis, kodayake sakamakon ba ƙarshe bane.

HDL ("kyau") cholesterol

HDL cholesterol - Manyan Kwayoyi Masu Sauke jini (HDL). Wani lokaci ana kiranta "mai kyau" cholesterol. Daidai ne, HDL cholesterol ya kamata ya zama fiye da 40 mg / dl (1.0 mmol / l) ga namiji kuma fiye da 50 mg / dl (1.3 mg / dl) ga mace.

HDL cholesterol. Ka'ida ga maza shine 0.72-1.63 mmol / l, ga mata 0.86-2.28 mmol / l.

Hanyoyi don haɓaka HDL

Wasu canje-canje a cikin abinci da motsa jiki na iya samun sakamako mai kyau game da ƙara matakan HDL:

• Rage abinci mai narkewa a cikin sauki
• Aerobic motsa jiki
• Rage nauyi
• Magnesium kari yana bunkasa HDL-C
• Dingara Fiber Mai Matsala zuwa Abincin
• Amfani da mayukan omega-3 mai kamar su kifi mai ko flaxseed mai
• Yawan cin kwayoyi na Pistachio
• Ara yawan cin abinci na CIS wanda ba a jin daɗi
• Matsakaici sarkar triglycerides kamar caproic acid, capril acid, capric acid da acid lauric
• Ana cire trans mai acid daga abinci

Hanyoyi don daidaita triglycerides

Rage nauyi da abinci shine hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don maganin hauhawar jini.

Ga mutanen da suke da tangarda mai tsaka-tsaka ko matsakaitan matsakaici, rage nauyi, motsa jiki, da abinci suna bada shawarar. Abincin yakamata ya iyakance carbohydrates (musamman fructose) da kitsen, sun haɗa da omega-3 mai kitse daga algae, kwayoyi da tsaba a cikin abincin. Ana ba da shawarar magunguna ga waɗanda ke da babban triglycerides waɗanda ba a gyara su ta hanyar canje-canjen rayuwar da aka ambata ba.

Cholesterol a abinci

P.S. Ya kamata a yi amfani da bayanin da ke sama don bayani kawai. Duk wani mataki don daidaita matakan cholesterol ya kamata a ɗauka ne kawai bayan tuntuɓar likita.

1. Babban yawan lipoproteins
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0 % B8% D0% BD% D1% 8B_% D0% B2% D1% 8B% D1% 81% D0% BE% D0% BA% D0% BE% D0% B9_% D0% BF% D0% BB% D0% BE % D1% 82% D0% BD% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B8
2. Karancin Liaranci na Lipoproteins https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0% B5% D0% B8% D0% BD% D1% 8B_% D0% BD% D0% B8% D0% B7% D0% BA% D0% BE% D0% B9_% D0% BF% B0% D0% BB% D0% BE% D1% 82% D0% BD% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B8
3. Gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0% B5% D1% 81% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B9_% D0% B0% D0% BD% D0% B0% D0% BB% D0% B8% D0% B7_% D0% BA% D1% 80% D0% BE% D0% B2% D0% B8

Dukkan kayan suna don jagora ne kawai. Bayanin krok8.com

Mene ne LDL a cikin gwajin jini na ƙwayoyin cuta?

Lipoproteins masu ƙarancin ƙarfi ana kiran su gutsuttsuran ƙwaƙwalwar "mummunan", waɗanda ke da babban matakin atherogenicity kuma suna haifar da ci gaba da raunuka na atherosclerotic na ganuwar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki. A farkon matakan rashin daidaituwa na rashin lafiyar lipid, lokacin da lipoproteins masu karamin karfi zasu fara tarawa a cikin jijiyoyin bugun jini, HDL "an kama" kuma an tura shi zuwa hanta, inda ake canza su zuwa bile acid.

Don haka, jikin yana kula da daidaitattun abubuwan halitta na abubuwan samar da abinci. Koyaya, tare da haɓaka haɓakawa a matakan LDL da raguwa a cikin HDL, ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa ba kawai ya tara a bango na jirgin ruwa ba, har ma yana haifar da haɓakar haɓakawa, tare da halakar ƙwayoyin elastin, tare da maye gurbinsu tare da tsayayyen haɗin haɗin nama.

Menene ƙarancin lipoproteins masu yawa?

Cholesterol memba ne na rukunin steroid. Jinin yana dauke da shi a matsayin bangare na abubuwan gina jiki tare da sunadarai wadanda suke yin aikin jigilar kayayyaki. Wannan haɗin ana kiran shi lipoproteins ko lipoproteins. Portionan ƙaramin yanki na wannan abun har yanzu kyauta ne. Ana ɗaukar irin wannan ƙwayar cholesterol gama-gari ba ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ischemia na zuciya da sauran cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Daga cikin mahimman sifofin cholesterol, akwai:

1. HDL cholesterol, i.e. babban yawa na lipoproteins. Ana daukar wannan nau'in "mai amfani."
2. LDL cholesterol, i.e. low yawa na lipoproteins. Wannan nau'in "cutarwa ne".

Kimanin kashi 70% na adadin kuɗin cholesterol da ke ɗauke da plasma jini na LDL ne. An kwatanta shi da gaskiyar cewa yana da damar yin kwanci a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini na tsawon lokaci fiye da HDL. A saboda wannan dalili, karuwa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin wannan cholesterol yana haifar da tarawa mai yawa a cikin nau'i na atherosclerotic plaques da cututtuka daban-daban da suka shafi tsarin zuciya.

Gwajin jini na cholesterol da lipid bakan

Idan umarnin daga likita ya ƙunshi irin wannan kalmar azaman maganin lipidogram, to an umurce ku:

• gwajin jini na yawan cholesterol,
• nazarin karancin abinci mai yawa,
• nazarin yawan albarkatun lipoproteins,
• bincike don triglycerides.

Dangane da kwafin binciken, likita yana da mahimman alamomi waɗanda zasu taimake shi tantance yanayin mai haƙuri, tare da tantance yanayin hanya ko haɗarin haɓakar hanta, koda, cututtukan zuciya ko cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. Gwajin jini kawai ga cholesterol baya ɗaukar bayani mai yawa azaman bayanin martaba na lipid, saboda haka, ana amfani dashi kawai lokacin ƙayyade tasiri na magani.

Yadda za a wuce gwaji don cholesterol

Don amincin sakamako, bincike yana buƙatar shiri mai dacewa, wanda aka nuna ga yara da manya. Lokacin da aka bada shawarar shan jini daga jijiya shine safe. Binciken da kansa an ba shi a kan komai a ciki, kuma a jajibirin ya fi kyau a ware ayyukan motsa jiki da abinci mai ƙiba. Kuna iya yin shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta, na jama'a ko na masu zaman kansu. A na ƙarshen, farashin bincike kusan 200 r. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a zaɓi zaɓi nan da nan duk farashin ganyen lipid, farashin abin da yake kusan 500 r. Likitocin sun ba da shawarar 1 a cikin shekaru 5 don neman irin wannan bincike, kuma bayan shekara 40 ya fi kyau aiwatar da kowace shekara.

Norm na cholesterol a cikin jini

Lipidogram yana nuna alamun da yawa:

• jimlar matakin cholesterol - OXS,
• HDL cholesterol - HDL cholesterol,
• Yawan LDL cholesterol - LDL cholesterol,
• matakin triglyceride - TG,
• atherogenic index - CA ko IA.

LDL cholesterol da sauran alamomi a cikin mata zasu bambanta. Adadin jimlar ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 2.9-7.85 mmol / L. Duk ya dogara da shekaru. Ka'idar LDL a cikin mata bayan shekaru 50 ita ce 2.28-5.72 mmol / L, kuma a ƙaramin shekaru - 1.76-4.82 mmol / L. Alamar guda iri ɗaya, kawai don HDL cholesterol sune 0.96-2.38 mmol / L da 0.93-2.25 mmol / L.

Yawan adadin cholesterol na LDL a jikin namiji ya yarda idan kimarta bata wuce iyakokin 2.02 zuwa 4.79 mmol / L. Matsayin HDL ya ɗan bambanta kuma yana da 0.98-1.91 mmol / l, wanda yake shi ne na maza da ke ƙasa da shekara 50. A lokacin da ya manyanta, wannan darajar tayi daga 0.72 zuwa 1.94 mmol / L. Mai nuna alamar cholesterol ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon daga 3.6 zuwa 6.5 mmol / L.

Ga yaro ɗan shekara 5-10 shekaru, ana ɗaukar matakin al'ada na LDL cholesterol a matsayin darajar daga 1.63 zuwa 3.63 mmol / L. A cikin yaro na shekaru 10-15, wannan darajar kusan ba ta canzawa daga jeri zuwa 1.66 zuwa 3.52 a raka'a ɗaya. Domin shekara 15-18, adadin LDL cholesterol ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon daga 1.61 zuwa 3.55 mmol / L. Wasu halaye suna yiwuwa dangane da jinsi na yaro: a cikin 'yan mata matakin ya ɗan fi kaɗan sama da na maza.

Kafiri na atherogenic

Samun sakamakon bayanin martaba na lipid, zaku iya yin lissafin kamfani ko adadi na atherogenicity, wanda ke nuna ma'aunin "mummunan" da "cholesterol" mai kyau cikin jini. Akwai dabaru guda biyu don kirga wannan mai nuna alama:

• KA = (OXC - HDL cholesterol) / LDL,
• KA = LDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol.

Dangane da dabarun, ya bayyana a sarari cewa domin tantance coeffic atherogenic, ya zama dole ko dai a raba bambanci tsakanin jimlar cholesterol da HDL zuwa cikin LDL cholesterol, ko kuma a nemo kwastom din daga “mummunan” da “kyau” cholesterol. Ryudarar kuɗin da aka samu yana gudana bisa ga halaye masu zuwa:

1. Idan CA ta kasa da 3, to haɓakar atherosclerosis tana da haɗari kaɗan.
2. Idan SC yana cikin kewayon daga 3 zuwa 4, to, yiwuwar haɓakar atherosclerosis ko ischemia na zuciya yana da girma.
3. Idan CA ta fi 5 girma, to, haɗarin atherosclerosis shine mafi girma. Bugu da kari, cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, cututtukan kwakwalwa, zuciya, kodan ko wata gabar jiki na iya haɓaka.

Abin da za a yi idan LDL cholesterol an ɗaukaka shi ko a saukar da shi

Idan cholesterol ya zarce na al'ada, to dalilan hakan na iya zama:

• ilimin hanta na hanta
• cututtukan endocrine, alal misali, ciwon sukari mellitus,
• cuta cuta na rayuwa
• shan taba sigari da kuma yawan sha,
• kiba
• rashin daidaita tsarin abinci
• sutudiyyar rayuwa
• hawan jini.

Kuna iya gyara yanayin kuma ku dawo da cholesterol zuwa al'ada tare da taimakon abinci na musamman, aikin jiki da magunguna. Latterarshe yana fara ɗaukar riga a cikin lokuta masu tsanani. Kamar yadda nauyin wasanni zai iya zama gajeren tsere ko tafiya. Amma game da abubuwan da ake son dandano, zaku yi watsi da:

• cuku mai wuya
• mayonnaise da sauran riguna masu kitse,
• sausages,
• yin burodi da kayayyakin abinci,
• kirim, kirim mai tsami,
• Semi-gama kayayyakin
• kayan lambu
• nama na maki mai ƙima.

Madadin haka, kuna buƙatar cinye ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka matse, sabbin' ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, kifi na teku, musamman kifin kifi da sardines. Ana dafa abinci mafi kyau ta hanyar yin burodi ko tururi.Daga abubuwan sha, koren shayi na iya rage cholesterol. Wine zai iya jure wannan aikin, kawai ja kuma cikin allurai masu dacewa. Rage LDL sakamako ne na ƙarancin kalori, sabili da haka, ban da abinci, baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.

Daga cikin magungunan da ke haifar da babban cholesterol, ana amfani da statins sau da yawa, alal misali, Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin ko Rosuvastatin. Wannan abu yana iya rage samar da enzymes. Wasu tsire-tsire kuma suna dauke da statin. Wadannan sun hada da St John's wort, hawthorn, fenugreek, lemongrass, Rhodiola rosea. Kuna iya amfani dasu a cikin kayan ado ko tinctures.

Ta yaya cholesterol ya shiga jiki?

Kodayake duk ƙwayoyin jikinmu suna da ikon samar da cholesterol, jikinmu ya fi son karɓar wannan abun tare da abinci. Ya kamata a lura cewa jikin mutum bashi da ikon lalata ƙwayoyin cholesterol. An cire su daga jikin mutum tare da bile, saboda aikin hanta. Wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za a tsarkake jikin cholesterol. Abubuwan acid da ke cikin bile suna da damar rushe kitsen da ke shiga jiki tare da abinci don mafi kyawun sha.

Abin takaici a wasu yanayi, cholesterol ya zama tushen wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya daban-daban. Wannan yawanci yakan faru ne lokacin da ƙwayar cholesterol (matakin LDL) ya wuce al'ada. Kamar yadda cholesterol ke tafiya cikin jikin mu tare da jini, wuce haddirsa na iya zama ya haɗu a jikin bangon jijiya. Bayan lokaci, sukan juye zuwa kitse mai wanda zai iya hana zubar jini ko da tasirin jirgin ruwa gaba daya. Idan wannan ya faru da jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ba da jini ga zuciya, mai haƙuri yana haɓaka infarction na zuciya. Kamar yadda ka sani, wannan cutar na iya haifar da mutuwa.

Daga wannan ne zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa mayukan kwayoyi na iya kawo duka fa'idodi da cutarwa ga jikin mutum.

Cholesterol mai kyau da mara kyau

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, kwayoyin cholesterol suna da nau'ikan iri ɗaya. Suna nan kawai cikin samfuran asalin dabbobi: naman maroƙi, naman alade, kaji, kifi, rago, abincin teku, da dai sauransu Cakuda cholesterol ya dogara da abinci na musamman.

Ta yaya zamu bambance tsakanin mummunan da cholesterol? Wannan haɓakawa an ƙaddamar da yin la’akari da wurin da keɓaɓin cholesterol da ƙarancinsu. Don haka, cholesterol mai ne, kuma kitse na bukatar garkuwar jiki da kuma lipids domin kewaya jirgi tare da jini. A cikin waɗannan ƙananan wuraren da ake kira lipoproteins, cholesterol, sunadarai, da triglycerides suna ɓoye. Haka suke tafiya ta jirgin ruwanmu.

Lipoproteins, yin la'akari da adadin abubuwan da ke sama, za'a iya kasasu kashi uku:

1. poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (VLDL, Lipoproteins mai Daranci sosai) yana da ƙarin kitse da triglycerides.

2. poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa (LDL, Lipoproteins Low Density) ya bambanta a cikin mai mai su, wanda ke da alhakin jigilar cholesterol 75% na jikin mutum.

3. A ƙarshe, babban lipoproteins mai yawa (HDL, High Density Lipoproteins), mai girma a cikin furotin da cholesterol.

Bad cholesterol (LDL)

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin sun kasance masu ɗaukar nauyin mafi yawan kwalagin cholesterol. Suna ɗaukar shi a cikin hanta kuma su kai shi cikin ƙwayoyin sel na jikin mutum ta hanyar jini. Da zaran matakin LDL ya zama mai girma sosai, ana fara sanya ƙwayar cuta a jikin bangon jijiya, yana haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya daban-daban. Misali, wannan yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cutar bugun zuciya. Abin da ya sa ake kiran wannan nau'in lipoprotein "mara kyau."

Kyakkyawan cholesterol (HDL)

HDL mai yawa na lipoproteins suna da alhakin jigilar cholesterol zuwa hanta tare da burin cire wannan abu daga jikin mutum. A takaice dai, wannan nau'in lipoprotein yana taimakawa wajen tsabtace jikinmu na tarin ƙwayoyin cholesterol. Wannan kuma ya shafi shayin mu. Yawan adadin lipoproteins suna da kyau ga lafiyar mu kuma yana kare mu daga cututtuka. A saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran irin wannan ƙwayar lipoproteins mai kyau "mai kyau."

Bayyanar cutar Cholesterol

Kodayake yawanci jikin mutum yana jawo hankalinmu ga cututtuka masu tasowa tare da taimakon alamu iri-iri, wannan baya faruwa idan adadin cholesterol a cikin jini ya hauhawa. Kasuwanci suna ci gaba da tarawa a jikin mai haƙuri, ba tare da aiko da wata alama ba. Don haka, wasu mutane sun isa mummunan matakin ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jiki ba tare da wata alama ba.

A gefe guda, lokacin da wannan matsala ta yi nisa sosai, mai haƙuri na iya damuwa da cutar sankarar jijiya, ƙwayar mahaifa, ƙwaƙwalwar hanji, angina pectoris, matsalolin motsi har ma da wahala a magana.

2. Hada da kitse mai cike da rashin abinci a cikin abincin

Ana samun waɗannan ƙoshin lafiya a cikin abinci kamar mai, zaitun, kwayoyi, mai daga wasu tsaba, kifin (kifi shuɗi, sardines, kifin). Kamar yadda kake gani, waɗannan daskararrun abincin ana iya samo su ba kawai a cikin kifi ba, har ma a cikin abincin asalin tsiro, alal misali, walnuts da tsaba.

3. foodsarin abincin shuka

Kayan kayan lambu ('ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, ganyayyaki) sun ƙunshi ƙima mai cutarwa. Yana faruwa cewa suna ɗauke da kitse mai daɗin ci. Wannan yana nufin cewa a irin waɗannan samfuran babu cholesterol. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa abincin da ke cikin tsire-tsire suna ɗauke da sinadarin sterol waɗanda ke taimakawa rage yawan ƙwayoyin mai a cikin jini.

An lura cewa abinci mai gina jiki tare da abinci mai yawa yana da amfani mai amfani ga lafiyar ɗan adam gabaɗaya.

7. Ka cire yawan kitse daga abincinka.

Qwai, kayan kiwo, man shanu, nama da sausages suma suna daga cikin daidaituwar abincin. Koyaya, kar a kwasheka da waɗannan samfuran. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa basu ƙunshi ƙanshi mai ƙanshi ba. Karshen na iya kara adadin barbashi na mai a cikin jini. Wajibi ne a ƙi abinci mai kalori sosai, har ma da abinci mai gishiri da yawa.

Ya kamata a zubar da samfuran da ke ɗauke da mai mai da yawa, cholesterol da gishiri gaba ɗaya. Wadannan sun hada da kek, soyayyen, da wuri, sandunan cakulan da soda.

Don haka, zamu iya yanke hukuncin: cholesterol yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar rayuwar mutum. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a sami damar kiyaye wannan ma'aunin mai. Muna fatan wannan bayanin ya gamsar da kai game da mahimmancin jagorancin rayuwa mai kyau. an ruwaito daga econet.ru.

Shin kuna son labarin? To ku ​​tallafa mana latsa:

Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa

Karancin liporrheins mai yawa (kuma gajeriyar suna LDL, low lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ldl) ana kiranta ajin masu lipoproteins na jini. Auna a mmol / L. Wani lokaci ana kiran shi "mummunan" cholesterol saboda gaskiyar cewa shine mafi yawan atherogenic, sabanin yawan ƙwayoyin tsoka mai yawa, wanda za'a tattauna daga baya. An kirkiro shi ta hanyar hydrolysis na low low yawa lipoproteins ta amfani da lipoprotein lipase da hepatic lipase. Atherogenicity alama ce ta haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis.

Yana da halayyar cewa kusancin abun ciki na triacylglycerides yana raguwa, kuma matakin ƙara yawan lipoproteins yana ƙaruwa. T.O. LDL shine mataki na ƙarshe a cikin metabolism na lipids wanda ke cikin hanta. Aikin su shine canja wurin cholesterol, triacylglycerides, tocopherols, carotenoids, da sauransu.

Amma ga tsarin, barbashi ya hada da apolipoprotein, wanda ke tabbatar da tsarin karancin lipoprotein mai yawa.

LDL da cututtuka

Kamar yadda aka fada a sama, aikin LDL shine isar da cholesterol zuwa kyallen. Babban matakin LDL yana haifar da atherosclerosis. Adibas suna bayyana a jikin bangon manyan jijiyoyin jini da na katako, kuma ayyukan lalacewa na jijiyoyi ba su da kyau. Akwai dangantaka tsakanin matakin LDL da kuma yiwuwar haɓakar cututtukan haɓaka masu alaƙa da lalacewar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki, tarin ƙwayar cuta, da lalata dattin jijiyoyin bugun jini. Wannan yana haifar da rikice-rikice na cututtukan hemodynamic na gida da na tsari, wanda ke haifar da infarction myocardial, bugun jini. Yana da halayyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins marasa ƙarfi sun fi atherogenic yawa.

Amma game da siffofin gado, an rarrabe haɓakar hypercholesterolemia.

Idan kun karkata daga dabi'un da aka ba da shawarar su, suna nuna yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar atherosclerosis da cututtukan zuciya na ischemic.

Menene haɗarin babban LDL?

Ci gaban atherosclerosis yana haɗuwa da babban raguwa a cikin elasticity na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin bugun gini, ƙarancin ƙarfin jirgin ruwa don shimfiɗa ta hanyar jini, kazalika da takaita ɓarin jirgin ruwa saboda karuwar girman atherosclerotic plaque (tarawa na LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, da sauransu). Duk waɗannan suna haifar da hauhawar jini, haɓaka samuwar microthrombi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta.

Ya danganta da wurin da aka mayar da hankali da raunuka na jijiyoyin bugun jini na atherosclerotic, bayyanar cututtuka suna tasowa:

• IHD (na jijiyoyin zuciya da jijiya),
• INC (ƙananan rauni ischemia saboda rauni na atherosclerotic daga cikin tasoshin kafafu da na ciki aorta),
• ischemia na hanji (tsautsayi na lumen tasoshin wuya da kwakwalwa), da sauransu.

A waɗanne hanyoyi ne ake gano cutar LDL?

Matsayi na LDL da haɗarin haɓaka cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki suna da alaƙa kai tsaye. Matsayi mafi girma na rashin wadatar lipoproteins mai yawa a cikin jini, mafi girman yiwuwar mai haƙuri yana haɓaka mummunan ciwo na tsarin zuciya.

Gudanar da gwajin jini na yau da kullun don LDL yana ba ku damar gano rashin daidaituwa na abinci a cikin lokaci kuma zaɓi abincin rage rage kiba don haƙuri kuma, idan ya cancanta, makirci don inganta matakan ƙwayar cholesterol.

Wannan shawarar ana bada shawarar sau ɗaya a shekara don wucewa ga duk mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 35. Idan akwai abubuwan haɗari don haɓakar cututtukan zuciya, za a iya gudanar da jarrabawar kariya sau da yawa. Hakanan, ana nuna bincike idan mai haƙuri yana da:

• kiba
• ciwon sukari mellitus
• cutar hanta
• cututtukan thyroid,
• na kullum cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta,
• gunaguni na rashin numfashi, rauni mai ƙarfi, gajiya, farin ciki, rashi ƙwaƙwalwa,
• gunaguni na jin zafi a cikin kafafu, tsangwama ta hanyar tafiya, lambobin motsi, tsananin sanyi ƙafa da hannaye, pallor ko jan kafafu, da sauransu.

Ana kuma kimanta ƙarancin lipoproteins a cikin gwajin jini yayin daukar ciki. Ya kamata a sani cewa hauhawar matsakaici a cikin cholesterol yayin haihuwar yara shine al'ada kuma baya buƙatar magani. Koyaya, tare da haɓaka haɓaka mai ƙarfi na ƙarancin lipoproteins, haɗarin zubar da ciki, zubar jini ya lalace, zubar da ciki, jinkirta tayi, ci gaban haihuwa, da sauransu.

Levelsaran matakan LDL da HDL cholesterol yayin daukar ciki na iya kuma nuna babbar haɗarin ciwan mara guba, da zub da jini yayin haihuwa.

Abubuwan haɗari don haɓakar atherosclerosis da pathologies na tsarin zuciya

Yawanci, ƙwayoyin LDL suna haɓakawa cikin:

• masu shan sigari
• marasa lafiya da ke cin mutuncin giya, mai kitse, soyayyen abinci da kayan kyashi, Sweets, gari, da sauransu,
• masu fama da cutar sankara,
• mutane da ke jagorantar salon rayuwa,
• marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin bacci da yawan damuwa,
• marasa lafiya tare da tarihin dangi masu wulakantuwa (dangi tare da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya na farko).

Hakanan, LDL a cikin jini yana tashi a gaban cututtukan hanta na hanta, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙarancin bitamin, rashin daidaituwa na rashin lafiyar hanji, da dai sauransu.

Alamu don bincike game da ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa

Ana kimanta bayanin martaba na lipid:

• don tabbatarwa ko musun kasancewar raunukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki na atherosclerotic,
• tare da cikakken bincike na marasa lafiya da cututtuka na hanta, pancreas, jaundice, kazalika da pathologies na tsarin endocrine,
• lokacin bincika marasa lafiya tare da shakkun rashin daidaituwar cututtukan jinsi,
• don tantance haɗarin cutar cututtukan zuciya da ƙayyade coeffic atherogenic.

Ana amfani da lissafin mahaifa atherogenic don tantance rabo na jimlar cholesterol (OH) da kuma yawan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins, da kuma haɗarin haɓakar lalata atherosclerotic na jijiya. Yayin da sama yake cikin hadarin, hakan zai haifar da hadarin.

Coefficient atherogenic = (OH-HDL) / HDL.

A yadda aka saba, rabo daga HDL zuwa jimlar cholesterol (LDL + VLDL da HDL) yana cikin kewayon daga 2 zuwa 2.5 (ƙimar haɓaka mafi yawa ga mata sune 3.2, kuma ga maza 3.5).

Al'ada na karancin wadataccen lipoproteins

Norms na abubuwan LDL sun dogara da jinsi na haƙuri da shekaru. Ka'idar LDL a cikin jinin mata yayin daukar ciki ta tashi ya danganta da lokacin haila. Hakanan ana iya samun ɗan bambanci a cikin aiki yayin ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban (wannan saboda bambanci ne a cikin kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su). Dangane da wannan, kimantawa ta LDL a cikin jini yakamata ta gudanar da aikin kwararru kwararru.

Ka'idar LDL a cikin maza da mata

Bambancin jinsi a cikin nazarin yana faruwa ne saboda bambance-bambance a matakan hormonal. A cikin mata, kafin menopause, babban matakan estrogen na rage LDL cholesterol a cikin jini. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar kariya ta hormonal na halitta daga atherosclerosis da cututtukan zuciya. A cikin maza, saboda yawaitar androgens, matakan LDL a cikin jini sun ɗan fi kaɗan fiye da na mata. Saboda haka, suna da ƙari sosai lokacin da ake kira atherosclerosis da suna.

LDL cholesterol a cikin tebur cikin shekaru ga maza da mata:

Me ake nufi idan an sami wadataccen lipoproteins mai yawa

LDL cholesterol yana ɗaukaka a cikin marasa lafiya da:

• daban-daban gado lipid rashin daidaituwa (hypercholesterolemia da hypertriglyceridemia),
• kiba
• mai girma game da cutar koda (gaban nephrotic syndrome, gazawar na koda),
• cikas,
• pathologies na endocrine (mellitus na sukari, yanayi na hypothyroidism, cutar adrenal gland, polycystic ovary syndrome, da sauransu),
• juyayi gajiya.

Dalilin ƙwarƙwarar ƙwayar ƙananan ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙididdigar na iya zama amfani da magunguna daban-daban (beta-blockers, diuretics, glucocorticosteroid hormones, da sauransu).

LDL cholesterol saukar da shi

Rage LDL matakan za a iya lura a cikin marasa lafiya da hereditary hypolipidemia da hypotriglyceridemia, na kullum cuta, malabsorption a cikin hanji (malabsorption), myeloma, matsananciyar damuwa, na kullum na numfashi fili pathologies, da dai sauransu.

Hakanan, cholestyramine ®, lovastatin ®, thyroxine ®, estrogen, da dai sauransu, suna haifar da raguwa a cikin matakan rage kiba.

Yadda ake rage cholesterol LDL a cikin jini

Duk likitan lipid-lowering yakamata a rubuto shi daga likitan da ke halarta gwargwadon sakamakon gwaje-gwajen. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana tsara shirye-shiryen statin (lovastatin ®, simvastatin ®), bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine ®), fibrates (clofibrate ®), da sauransu.

Hakanan ana bada shawarar yin amfani da magunguna masu guba tare da magnesium da omega-3. Dangane da alamu, ana iya yin allurar rigakafin thrombosis (jami'in antiplatelet da maganin anticoagulants).

Yaya za a rage cholesterol LDL ba tare da magani ba?

Abincin da salon gyara yana gudana ne azaman ƙari a kan ƙari ga aikin magani.A matsayin hanyoyin dabarun zaman kanta, ana iya amfani dasu kawai a farkon matakan atherosclerosis.

A wannan yanayin, ana bada shawara don ƙara yawan aiki na jiki, rage nauyin jiki, dakatar da shan sigari da cinye abincin da ke da wadatar ƙwayar cholesterol.