Raba nau'ikan insulin da amfaninsu

Samun insulin a jikin mu yana da canji. Domin hormone ya shiga cikin jini don yayi kwatankwacin fitowar sa, masu fama da cutar sankara suna buƙatar nau'ikan insulin daban-daban. Wadancan magungunan waɗanda ke da damar kasancewa a cikin ƙwayar subcutaneous na dogon lokaci kuma sannu a hankali su shiga daga ciki zuwa cikin jini ana amfani da su don daidaita glycemia tsakanin abinci. Ana buƙatar insulin, cikin sauri zuwa matakin jini, don cire glucose daga tasoshin abinci.

Idan aka zaɓi nau'ikan da allurai na hormone daidai, glycemia a cikin masu ciwon sukari da mutane masu lafiya ba su bambanta kaɗan. A wannan yanayin, sun ce ana rama ciwon sukari. Sakamakon cutar shine babbar manufar magani.

Abin da insulin insulin kashi-kashi ya kasu kashi biyu

An samo insulin na farko daga cikin dabba, tun daga wannan lokacin an inganta shi fiye da sau ɗaya. Yanzu magunguna na asalin dabba ba a amfani da su, an maye gurbinsu da kwayar halittar injiniyan jini da kuma sabbin ƙwayoyin insulin analogues. Duk nau'in insulin da muke dasu za'a iya hadasu gwargwadon tsarin kwayar, tsawon lokacin aikin, da abun da ya ƙunsa.

Iya warware matsalar allurar na iya ƙunsar hormone na bangarori daban-daban:

1. Dan Adam. Ya karɓi wannan suna saboda gaba ɗaya yana maimaita tsarin insulin a cikin ƙwayarmu. Duk da cikakkiyar daidaituwar kwayoyin, tsawon wannan nau'in insulin ya banbanta da na halitta. Hormone daga jijiyar yana shiga cikin jini nan da nan, yayin da hormone wucin gadi yakan ɗauki lokaci don sha daga ƙwayar subcutaneous.
2. Insulin analogues. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su suna da tsari iri ɗaya kamar insulin ɗan adam, aiki mai rage sukari iri ɗaya. A lokaci guda, aƙalla ɗaya amino acid saura a cikin kwayar halitta an maye gurbinsa da wani. Wannan gyaran yana ba ka damar hanzarta yin aiki ko jinkirin aiwatar da aikin hodar don sake maimaita tsarin halittar.

Dukkanin nau'ikan insulin guda biyu ana yin su ta injin halitta. An samo hormone din ta hanyar tilasta shi ya hade da Escherichia coli ko ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta yisti, bayan wannan magani yana yin tsarkakewa da yawa.

Ganin cewa tsawon lokacin aikin insulin zai iya zuwa kashi iri:

Dogaro da abun da ke ciki, magungunan sun kasu kashi biyu da na biphasic. Tsohon yana dauke da nau'ikan insulin guda ɗaya, ɗayan na haɗuwa da gajere da matsakaici ko ultrashort da homoniya masu tsayi a cikin rabbai daban-daban.

Ultrashort insulin

Kasancewar insulin ultrashort ya kasance babban matakin cigaba a kokarin biyan diyya ga masu cutar siga. Bayanin aikin a cikinsu yana da kusanci ga aikin aikin horon halitta. Nazarin ya nuna cewa yin amfani da wannan nau'in insulin na iya rage matsakaicin sukari a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari, rage haɗarin su na ɗimin hankali da rashin lafiyar jiki.

Ana samun nau'ikan insulin ultrashort domin tsari irin na kasuwa:

Fa'idodin da aka lissafa a cikin tebur ba su da mahimmanci ga yawancin masu ciwon sukari, saboda haka zaka iya zaɓar kowane ɗayan magungunan don maganin insulin. Sauya insulin ultrashort guda tare da wani ya zama dole ne kawai tare da rashin haƙuri zuwa abubuwan da ke cikin maganin, wanda yake da wuya sosai.

Short insulin

Wannan nau'in ya hada da tsarkakakken dabarun dan adam, in ba haka ba ana kiransu na yau da kullun Bayanin ayyukan da aka gabatar na takaice ba ya dace da daya. Saboda suna da lokaci don faɗaɗa aikinsu, suna buƙatar a dame su rabin sa'a kafin abinci. Ya kamata a sami jinkirin carbohydrates mai yawa a cikin abinci. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin, guduwar glucose zuwa cikin jini zai zo daidai da ganuwar gajeren insulin.

Matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki na kwayoyi irin wannan ya kai 8 hours, babban sakamako ya ƙare bayan sa'o'i 5, don haka insulin ya kasance cikin jini lokacin da aka riga aka kula da glucose daga abinci. Don guje wa hypoglycemia, masu ciwon sukari suna tilasta samun ƙarin abubuwan ciye-ciye.

Duk da rikice-rikicen, gajeren insulins ana umurce su sau da yawa don ciwon sukari. Jajircewar likitocin na faruwa ne saboda kwarewa da suka samu da wadannan magunguna, da karancin kuzarinsu, da kuma amfani da shi sosai.

Ilimin insulin gajere da aiki:

Nau'in insulin da manyan bambance-bambancen su

Nau'in insulin da manyan bambance-bambancensu (100%) sun zabi 1

Samun insulin da amfani dashi ga marasa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar siga ya yi babban sauyi a rayuwar mutane da yawa. Ta hanyar mahimmancin binciken likita, bayyanar insulin za a iya kwatanta shi da ƙwayoyin rigakafi.

Insulin da sauri yada, ya zama ingantacciyar hanyar ceton ɗaruruwan dubban rayukan mutane. Akwai babban rarrabuwa na insulin, wanda ya hada da halayyar hormone a hanyoyi da yawa. A cikin wannan labarin, Zan yi ƙoƙarin yanke duk nau'in insulin da tasirin su.

Tsarin kayan aiki

Duk shirye-shiryen insulin na zamani, wanda kamfanonin samar da magunguna na duniya ke samarwa, sun banbanta ta hanyoyi da yawa. Babban fasali na rarrabuwa na insulin sune:

• asali
• saurin shigarwa cikin aiki lokacin da aka gabatar da shi cikin jiki da tsawon lokacin tasirin warkewa,
• matakin tsarkin maganin da hanyar tsarkake sinadaran.

Ya danganta da asalin, rarrabe shirye-shiryen insulin sun haɗa da:

1. Na halitta - biosynthetic - magungunan asalin halitta an samar da su ta hanyar amfani da dabbobin farji. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin don samar da kaset na insulin GPP, ultralente MS. An samarda insulin na motsa jiki, insulrap SPP, monotard MS, semilent da wasu wasu ana yin su ta amfani da ƙwayar alade.
2. Roba ko ƙayyadaddun magunguna na insulin. Wadannan samfuran ana yinsu ta amfani da hanyoyin injin. Ana samar da insulin ta amfani da fasaha na sake ma'anar DNA. Ta wannan hanyar, ana yin insulins kamar actrapid NM, homofan, isofan NM, humulin, ultratard NM, monotard NM, da sauransu.

Dangane da hanyoyin tsarkakewa da kuma tsarkin da ke haifar da kwayar cutar, ana bambanta insulin:

• crystallized da ba chromatographed - ruppa ya haɗa da yawancin insulin na al'ada. Wadanda aka samar a baya a kan ofasashen Rasha, a yanzu haka ba a samar da wannan rukunin magunguna a cikin Rasha ba,
• lu'ulu'u da murhu da mala'iku, shirye-shiryen wannan rukunin suna da cikakke ko kuma guda-peaked,
• crystallized kuma tsarkakakke ta amfani da mala'ikan da ion musayar chromatography, wannan rukunin ya hada da insulinin monocomponent.

Ofungiyar murƙushewa da kuma tace ta sieves kwayoyin da ion-musayar chromatography sun haɗa da Actrapid, Insulrap, Actrapid MS, Semilent MS, Monotard MS da Ultralent MS insulin.

Tsarin ya danganta da gudu da tsawon lokacin aikin insulin ya hada da wadannan kungiyoyin kwayoyi.

Magunguna tare da sauri da kuma gajere mataki. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da kwayoyi kamar su Actrapid, Actrapid MS, Actrapid NM, Insulrap, Homorap 40, Insuman Rapid da wasu.

Tsawon lokacin aiwatar da waɗannan magunguna yana farawa daga mintina 15 zuwa 15 bayan an gudanar da maganin ga mai haƙuri da cutar sankarar bargo. Tsawon lokacin da yake warkewa ana lura da sa'oin 6-8 bayan allura.

Magunguna tare da matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki. Wannan rukunin magungunan sun hada da Semilent MS, - Humulin N, tef ɗin Humulin, Homofan, - tef, tef MS, Monotard MS.

Kwayoyi na wannan rukuni na insulins fara aiki 1-2 hours bayan allura, da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana awanni 12-16. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da kwayoyi kamar Iletin I NPH, Iletin II NPH, Insulong SPP, insulin teepin GPP, SPP, waɗanda ke fara aiki 2-4 sa'o'i bayan allura.

Kuma tsawon lokacin aikin insulin a cikin wannan rukunin shine 20-24 hours.

Cikakkun magunguna, waɗanda suka haɗa da insulins na matsakaiciyar matsakaiciya da kuma gajeran lokaci. Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan rukunin sun fara aiki ne mintina 30 bayan gabatarwar mellitus na ciwon sukari a cikin jikin mutum, kuma tsawon wannan hadaddun ya kasance daga sa'o'i 10 zuwa 24.

Cikakkun shirye-shirye sun hada da Aktrafan NM, Humulin M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, insuman comb. 15.85, 25.75, 50.50.

Magunguna masu dadewa. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da na'urorin likita waɗanda ke da rayuwa aiki a cikin jiki daga awowi 24 zuwa 28. Wannan rukuni na na'urorin likitanci sun haɗa da matsanancin-tef, matsanancin matattara, MS, matattarar NM, insulin super-teep SPP, humulin ultra-teep, ultratard NM.

Zaɓin maganin da ake buƙata don magani ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar endocrinologist ta hanyar sakamakon binciken da aka yi a jikin mai haƙuri.

Insulin shine hormone a cikin ƙwayarmu wanda ke saukarwa da daidaita matakan glucose jini.

A cikin cututtuka na rayuwa, musamman mellitus na ciwon sukari, daidaituwa tsakanin adadin insulin da ake buƙata da kuma ƙarfin ikon samar da shi yana da damuwa.

A wannan yanayin, the endocrinologist ya tsara magungunan da zasu iya yin wannan karancin. Dukkanin abubuwan insulins ana rarrabe su da saurin farawa da tsawon lokacin tasirin su, kuma daga asali.

Iri insulin cikin sauri da lokacin aiki:

1. aiki mai sauri (mai sauki) ko matsanancin insulin-gajere,
2. gajeran aiki insulin
3. matsakaita tsawon lokacin aiki
4. insulin mai tsawo ko tsawanta,
5. hade (ko kuma gauraya).

Shirye-shiryen insulin Ultrashort suna fara aiki kai tsaye bayan gabatarwar su cikin jiki, kai ga kololuwarsu a cikin awa daya da rabi, kuma suna yin awowi na tsawon awanni 3-4. Ana gudanar da irin waɗannan insulins kai tsaye kafin ko bayan abincin: karin kumallo, abincin rana, abincin dare.

Irin waɗannan insulin na ultrashort sun haɗa da Insulin Apidra, Novo-Rapid, da Insulin Humalog.

Short insulins fara aiki a game da 20-30 minti, matsakaicin sakamako yana faruwa awanni 2-3 bayan gudanarwa, jimlar lokacin aikin shine kusan awanni 5-6. Ana gudanar da gajeren insulins kafin abinci, ana dakatar da ɗan hutawa tsakanin allura da abinci - minti na 10-15.

Lokacin amfani da gajeruwar insulins, kuna buƙatar samun "abun ciye-ciye", kimanin sa'o'i 2-3 bayan allurar, lokacin abincin zai zo daidai da lokacin lokacin ganiya na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Short insulins: "Insulin Actrapid", "Humulin Regular", "Insuman Rapid", "Humodar", "Monodar" (K50, K30, K15).

Groupungiyar gungun masu matsakaitan matsakaici suna haɗar da waɗancan ɓarkewar da suke da lokutan fiddawa na 12-16.

Irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna buƙatar injections na 2-3 a rana ɗaya, yawanci tare da tazara tsakanin 8-12 hours, tunda sun fara "aiki" bayan kimanin sa'o'i 2-3, kuma mafi girman tasirin yana bayyana a wani wuri bayan sa'o'i 6-8.

Irin waɗannan 'matsakaitan' insulins sun haɗa da Protafan, Insulin Humulin NPH, Humodar br, Insuman Bazal, Insulin Novomiks.

Dogayen aiki na dogon lokaci ko aiki na dindindin galibi suna taka rawa a matsayin "baseline", insulin basal. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan kwayoyi sau 1-2 a rana. Suna da mallakin "tarawa" a cikin jiki, shine mafi girman sakamako zai bayyana kansa a cikin kwanaki 2-3, amma tsawan tsawan lokaci yana farawa "aiki" bayan sa'o'i 4-6 bayan allura.

Magunguna waɗanda aka haɗa cikin wannan rukunin: "Insulin Lantus", "Monodar Long", "Monodar Ultralong", "Ultralente", "Ultralong", "Humulin L". Daga cikin insulins masu aiki da dadewa, akwai wadanda ake kira insulins wadanda basu da karfi, wadanda basa bada tasirin da zasu iya aiki, a hankali kuma kusan gaba daya suna maye gurbin aikin insulin na insulin a cikin mutum mai lafiya.

M insulins marasa ƙarfi: Levemir, Lantus.

Ilimin insulin ta asali:

1. insulin dabbobi - wanda aka samo daga cututtukan garken shanu, yana da banbanci sosai da insulin ɗan adam, yana da rashin lafiyar jiki sau da yawa. Shirye-shirye: "Insulrap GPP", "Ultralent", "Ultralent MS".
2. naman alade - ya bambanta da insulin ɗan adam a cikin amino acid daya, amma kuma yana iya haifar da rashin lafiyan ƙwayar cuta. Shirye-shirye: "Monodar ultralong", "Monodar Long", "Monodar K" (15.30.50), "Monosuinsulin" da "Insulrap SPP".
3. insulin analopes na mutum da kuma asalin injinin inulin.

An samo waɗannan insulins ta hanyoyi daban-daban: a farkon lamarin, ana haɗa insulin na mutum ta amfani da Escherichia coli, a cikin na biyu, an samo shi daga naman alade, ta "maye gurbin" amino acid.

Analogues na insulin mutum sun hada da: Actrapid, Novorapid, Lantus, Insulin Humulin, Insulin Humalog, Insulin Novomiks, Protafan.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kayan insulin suna dauke da alama: haruffan "MS" yana nufin cewa an inganta shi ne wanda yake aiki da kwayar halittar kansa, kuma "NM" alama ce ta insulin mutum.

Lambobin "40" ko "100" - suna nuna adadin raka'a na insulin hormone a cikin 1 milliliter na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Babban insulin taro (daga raka'a 100 a cikin milliliter 1) ana kiranta azzakari.

Don yin allurar irin wannan ƙwayar cuta, ana amfani da alkalami na insulin na musamman.

Halin jikinka ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan magungunan ya dogara da haƙurin mutum da al'adunku: abinci mai gina jiki, aikin jiki, yawan shan barasa. Kada kuyi gwaji na gwajin magani: kawai ƙwararren ƙwararren masani ne kawai zai iya ba da insulin da ya dace don maganarku.

Tagidi cutar sankarar jini

Akwai nau'ikan insulin da yawa da ake amfani da su don magance ciwon sukari. An ware su ta hanyar yawan farawarsu da kuma tsawon lokacin tasirin.

• Babban sauri (matsanancin gajeren aiki)
• Short takaice
• Tsawon lokaci
• Tsawaita aiki
• An haɗe (pre-mixed)

Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ta amince da maganin inhalation na Exubera a cikin 2006. Amma a cikin 2007, kamfanin samar da magunguna Pfizer ya dakatar da sayar da maganin saboda dalilai na kudi.

Wace irin insulin ne ya fi dacewa da ciwon suga?

Likitanku zai tattauna da ku wane irin insulin ne mafi kyawu a gare ku da ciwon sukari. Wannan shawarar ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, misali:

• Amsar mutum guda ɗaya na jikin ku ga insulin (tsawon lokacin shan insulin a cikin jikin mutum da tsawon lokacin da yake aiki a cikin mutane daban-daban na iya bambanta).
• Al'adunku - alal misali, nau'in abincin da kuka fi so, yawan giya da kuke cinyewa, idan kun sha komai, ko kuma yawan motsa jiki - su ne abubuwan da ke shafar yadda jikinku yake amfani da insulin.
• Nawa kuke so ku yiwa kanku 'yan fewan ruwa a kowace rana.
• Sau nawa kake son duba sukarin jininka.
• Shekarunka.
• Yi niyya game da sukarin jininka.

Teburin mai zuwa yana nuna nau'in insulin siffofin insulin tare da cikakken bayanin farkon (lokacin da insulin ya shiga cikin ragin jini da farkon aikinsa don rage sukarin jini), ganiya (lokacin da insulin ke rage yawan sukarin jini) da tsawon lokacin aikinsa ( tsawon lokacin insulin yana ci gaba da rage sukarin jini).

Wadannan manunnan ukun na iya bambanta dangane da yadda jikinka yake karba. Columnarshe na ƙarshe yana nuna ƙimar ɗaukar wasu nau'ikan abinci na insulin.

Akwai nau'ikan insulin daban-daban - wani kwayar halittar da aka kera ta hanyar wucin gadi - kulawar insulin itace hanya mafi inganci don rage matakan glucose din jini.

Insulin a cikin kasuwar magunguna yana wakilta ta nau'ikan daban-daban, dangane da asalin, saurin da kuma matakin tsarkakewa.

Raba aiki bisa tsarin aiki da tsawon lokaci

Wannan tsari ya hada da nau'ikan kwayoyin halittar:

• Short - ana sarrafa su sau da yawa, amma a cikin ƙananan allurai.
• Matsakaici - sau da yawa haɗe tare da kwayoyi daga rukunin da suka gabata, ban da Hagedorn.
• Dogon - yana da tasiri mai sauƙi kuma mafi kyau fiye da sauran nau'ikan suna kwaikwayon samar da insulin.

Short (sauki) insulins

Gabatar da magunguna na wannan rukuni ana aiwatar da shi ne gabanin cin abinci, kuma aikin wannan hodar yana farawa kwata da awa daya bayan allura. Girman adadin ya shafi kai tsaye yana ɗaukar tsawon lokacin insulin, wanda zai iya zuwa awa 8.

Kuna iya shigar da magungunan intramuscularly ko subcutaneously, kuma a wasu halaye, lokacin da mai haƙuri ya sha wahala daga ketoacidosis ko kuma yana cikin yanayin ciwon sukari, an tsara allurar ta ciki.

Na nau'ikan insulin na dogon lokaci ko tsayi

An bambanta su ta hanyar babban aiki, saboda wanda suke iya ɗaukar rawar bango ko hormone. Mafi sau da yawa, ya isa ga mai haƙuri ya gudanar da inje 1-2 na miyagun ƙwayoyi kowace rana don kula da yanayin al'ada.

Waɗannan sune insulins da aka fi amfani dasu don maganin cututtukan type 2.

Farkon bayyanar wannan kwayar halittar tana faruwa ne a cikin awa ta biyar bayan shigowa, kuma duka sakamakon shine sa'o'i 24, tare da mafi girman awanni 14 bayan gudanarwa.

Masana suna ƙara yin rubutaccen aiki mai gaushin sukari, wanda ya fi kama da juna a cikin tasirin jiki tare da kwayar halittar gabobin endocrine ta hanyar da ake bi.

Ya kamata a gudanar da miyagun ƙwayoyi daidai kafin abinci, sakamakonsa zai fara a cikin minti 10. Idan mai haƙuri ba zai iya sanin yawan abincin da zai ɗauka ba, to, za a iya jinkirta gudanar da wannan sinadari har zuwa ƙarshen cin abincin, lokacin da adadin abincin da aka ci yana da sauƙi a tantance. Babban ganima yana faruwa ne sa'o'i daya da rabi bayan allura.

Ya kamata a aiwatar da ilimin insulin daidai bisa ga makircin da likitan halartar ya kirkiro, wanda ke nuna cikakkiyar tsawon lokacin aikin kwayoyin halitta.

Yin kwaikwayon ɗan adam

Suna fitar da wani sinadari wanda yafi kama da wanda ake samarwa a jikin mutum ta hanyoyi guda biyu. Ofayansu shine haɗin insulin ta hanyar Escherichia coli.

Wata hanyar ita ce ƙirƙirar ƙwayar furotin ta ɗan adam daga alade da aka samar.

Wani fasalin hanyar shine cire amino acid na ƙarshe wanda ke haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen a cikin haƙuri.

Monopic

Don haɓaka ingantaccen shiri na insulin, yana, ban da kuka, ana karkatar da shi ga wata hanyar tsarkakewa - chromatography, gel fil. Za'a iya rage adadin yawan lalata a wannan hanyar zuwa 10-3. Irin waɗannan magungunan za a iya gane su ta hanyar alama akan kunshin MR.

Monocomponent

Alamar MS tana nuna cewa an yiwa shirin insulin ta hanyar maimaita aiki, saboda abin da kusan kashi 100% na hormone ɗin ya samu. Ana amfani da sieve na kwayoyin cuta da nau'in musayar ion mai yawa don raba impurities.

Masana sun dage kan cewa wane irin nau'in insulin ne ba za a zaba ba, yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da magungunan da masana'antun guda suka samar. Abun buƙata wannan shine gaskiyar cewa abubuwan haɗin da suke kunshe da magunguna na masana'antun masana'antu daban-daban sun sami damar murƙushe tasirin juna, ko akasin haka, don ƙarfafa shi, yana cutar da yanayin haƙuri.

Banbancin rabe

Tsarin aikin insulin na yanzu ya hada da:

• Wani nau'in insulin da ya daɗe ko basur wanda zai iya kwaikwayon asalin halitta na kwayar halittar furotin ta hanji. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan abun yana da tsawon lokacin matsakaici.
• Short da ultrashort nau'ikan insulin. Tasirin farkon yana farawa bayan minti 30 daga lokacin gudanarwa, na biyu - bayan tsawon mintuna 15.

Lokacin zabar nau'in insulin da yafi dacewa, ya kamata ka kula da mahimman abubuwan:

• amsawar haƙuri ga wani nau'in insulin,
• salon rayuwar mara lafiya, abincinsa, matakin motsa jiki da sauran halaye,
• mafi kyau duka injection mita
• shekaru haƙuri.

Zaɓin nau'in insulin an ƙaddara ta cutar da kanta da kuma shawarar kwararrun masana. An haramta shan magani na masu ciwon suga.

Nau'in nau'in insulin ya samo asali ne daga samfuran dabbobi. Amma an maye gurbinsu da ingantattun ingantattun abinci waɗanda aka ƙara amfani da su don magance cututtukan sukari:

1. Siffar ɗan adam (an gyara shi). Kwayar halittar mutum ɗari (100%) daidai take da tsarin sinadarin da mutum ke samarwa. Bayan haka, aikin kwayar halittar da aka kera ta fara ne daga kashin karkashin kasa bayan gudanarwa. Yana bukatar karin lokaci don rushewa. Ana samar da hormone daga Escherichia coli da aka samu daga mutane.
2. Insulin alade Kusan kusancin mutum kamar yadda zai yiwu, amma rashin 1 amino acid a cikin tsarin furotin. Don cimma daidaituwa tare da jikin mutum, an inganta insulin insulin.
3. Hormone daga cututtukan dabbobi. Yana da amino acid uku kuma yana iya haifar da rashin lafiyan. A hankali, yawan amfani da insulin bovine an rage zuwa "a'a."
4. Whale hormone. Ya bambanta da sauran nau'in insulin, ana amfani dashi a yanayin mutum. Hanyoyin zamani na gyare-gyare na kwayoyin halitta sun kawar da kusan buƙatar wannan nau'in insulin.

Rarraba nau'in insulin gwargwadon aikinsu ya bambanta sosai. Ita ce ta rinjayi zaɓin magani a kowane yanayi na ciwon sukari.

Matsayin tsarkakakken maganin

Zai yuwu a rarrabe insulin gwargwadon matsayin tsarkakakken kayan abu. Mafi girman tsarkin samfurin, ƙarancin abubuwan haɗuwa suna shiga jinin mutum (kuma wannan yana cutar da rashin lafiyar da zai iya haifar da sakamako masu illa):

• Tsabtace al'ada. Ana amfani da fasahar shaye-shaye da yin kuka. Bayan aiwatarwa, ƙazanta na nan a cikin samfurin.
• Monopick tsaftacewa. Da farko, ana tsarkake insulin ta hanyar al'ada, sannan a tace shi da gel. Samfurin ƙarshe shine mafi ƙarancin ƙazantawa.
• Monocomponent tsabtatawa Cikakken tsari don yin tacewar hormone, kamar yadda ake amfani da tsokar kwayoyin a hade tare da chromatography na musayar ion. Kwayar halittar ba shi da kazanta kuma yawancin masu haƙuri suna yarda da shi.

Wani sanannen rarrabuwa na insulin shine ta nau'in albarkatun ƙasa da ake amfani dashi.

Nau'in insulin: magunguna sun kasu kashi iri, tsawon lokaci, suna

Ana saka allurar insulin a cikin ciki sau da yawa - wuri mafi dacewa. Amma zaku iya shigar da su a cikin kwatangwalo, kafadu, da murabba'ai babba na gindi. Wasu lokuta suna amfani da allura a ƙarƙashin ruwan kafada.

Hanyar zamani don gudanar da hormone shine pumps insulin. An shigar da ƙananan injina a cikin takamaiman wuri kuma an tsara su don gudanar da magunguna na subcutaneous na miyagun ƙwayoyi a wani takamaiman lokaci.

Akwai sauran fasahar don sarrafa hormone - inhalation da dasawa. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a inganta ingantaccen aikinsu ba don ci gaba da amfani da yawancin marasa lafiya.

Zaɓin nau'in insulin yakamata a gudanar da endocrinologist, wanda yayi nazarin sakamakon gwajin haƙuri. Haramun ne haramcin canza sashi, hanyar gudanarwa, shawarwarin da aka bada shawara - wannan na iya haifar da ci gaba da cutar har ma da mutuwa.

An wajabta maganin insulin har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa. Abubuwan ci gaba na zamani a kowace shekara suna ba da sababbin hanyoyin magance marasa lafiya, amma yarda da amfanin su baya bada garantin sakamako mai kyau. Yawancin fasahohin gwaji ba su iya yin tasirin maganin allurar gargajiya ba.

Alamu don amfani insulin

Babban amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi shine lura da nau'in 1 mellitus na ciwon sukari. A wasu halaye, ana amfani dashi don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.

Ana amfani da karamin kashi na insulin (5-10ED) don magance hepatitis, cirrhosis a farkon matakin, tare da ci, furunlera, acidosis, abinci mara kyau, thyrotoxicosis.

Ana iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don lalata tsarin juyayi, don kula da giya, wasu nau'ikan schizophrenia.

M, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin tsoka ko a ƙarƙashin fata, a cikin manyan lokuta masu fama da ciwon sukari ana gudanar dashi a cikin jijiya.

Ana amfani da yawan maganin da ake buƙata akai-akai gwargwadon sakamakon binciken, incl. bayanai akan matakin sukari, insulin a cikin jini, saboda haka zaka iya ba da matsakaicin halayen halayen ne kawai.

Matsakaicin insulin da ake buƙata don ciwon sukari mellitus ya tashi daga 10-40 ED kowace rana.

Tare da coma mai ciwon sukari kowace rana, ba za a iya gudanar da IU sama da 100 I subcutaneously, kuma tare da gudanarwar cikin ciki, babu fiye da 50 IU kowace rana.

Don wasu alamomi, an tsara maganin a cikin ƙananan allurai - 6-10ED / rana.

Don injections na insulin, ana amfani da sirinji na musamman, tare da allurar ginannun ciki, ƙirar wacce ke ba da izinin gabatar da duk abubuwan da ke ciki ba tare da saura ba, wanda ke ba ku damar bin ainihin maganin.

Kafin tattara insulin a cikin nau'i na dakatarwa a cikin sirinji, abubuwan da ke cikin murfin ya kamata a girgiza don samar da fitowar suttura

Yawanci, ana gudanar da aikin yau da kullun a allurai biyu zuwa uku. Ana yin allura rabin sa'a, awa daya kafin cin abinci. Ayyukan insulin, kashi daya na shi, yana farawa bayan rabin sa'a, awa daya kuma ya kai awanni 4-8.

Ayyukan insulin a cikin ciki yana farawa ne bayan mintina 20-30., Matatar sukari tayi kasa a matakin asali bayan awa daya zuwa biyu.

An saka insulin a cikin: m hepatitis, hemolytic jaundice, hanta cirrhosis, renal amyloidosis, urolithiasis, decompensated lahani zuciyar, duodenal miki, ciki, cututtuka tare da hypoglycemia.