Likitoci daga Kalifoniya da Boston sun gabatar da magungunan insulin na farko a duniya - suna taimaka isar da abu mai aiki a cikin tsarin jikin dan adam, yana kare magunguna daga tasirin tsarin na ciki. An buga bayanin allunan a cikin jaridar PNAS.

A yau, mutane miliyan 340 masu ciwon sukari suna rayuwa a cikin duniya. Yawancinsu suna yin allura har zuwa shida na insulin kowace rana don daidaita matakan jini a jiki. Saboda haɗarin insulin, yawan shan ƙwayoyi yawanci yakan faru, musamman yayin canzawa zuwa wani alama na miyagun ƙwayoyi. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, likitoci sunyi ƙoƙari akai-akai don haɓaka tsarin lafiya na insulin tare da samfurin sunadarai iri ɗaya, ko sabuwar hanyar shigar da hormone cikin jiki.

Harshen sabon kwamfutar insulin tare da cakuda wasu salts waɗanda basu da ruwa, amma suna nuna kamar ruwa saboda ƙarancin narkewa, yana kare abu mai aiki daga acid na ciki. Idan a cikin ciki membrane na kwamfutar hannu yana kare insulin daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace, to, a cikin hanjin alkalis dissegrate, yana ba da damar kwayoyin insulin su tsere.

Bugu da ƙari, ruwan ionic yana ba da kwayoyin insulin shiga cikin bango na hanji da jinin jini, yana kwantar da su, yana barin allunan su yi aiki na awanni 12. An shirya cewa allunan za su bayyana a kasuwa a cikin 'yan shekaru, bayan kammala gwajin asibiti.

A cewar kididdigar WHO, a yau a duniya akwai mutane kusan miliyan 340 da ke fama da ciwon sukari

Yawancinsu ana tilasta su shan biyu ko ma 5-6 injections na insulin kowace rana don kwantar da sukarin jini. Insulin wani yanayi ne mai hadarin gaske kuma yawan shansa saboda tasirin canzawa zuwa wani sabon nau'in magungunan na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga lafiya ko ma mutuwa sakamakon cutar sankarar mama - raguwar hauhawar sukarin jini.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙari sosai don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin ƙarancin insulin na insulin, wanda ke da irin nau'ikan sunadarai, ko irin waɗannan tsarin don gabatar da hormone a cikin jiki wanda zai kare shi daga yawan wucewa.

Misali, a farkon shekara ta 2013, masanan kimiyyar halittar Amurka sun kirkiro karamin “jellyfish” micro-dropper wanda za'a iya allurar dashi a jikin fata, inda sannu a hankali zai saki insulin a cikin kwanaki da yawa.

Likitoci da marasa lafiya da kansu, kamar yadda Mitragotri ya lura, sun yi dogon fata cewa ana iya ɗaukar insulin a wuri ɗaya kamar yadda asfirin ko kowane allunan

Har izuwa yanzu, wannan ba zai yiwu ba, tunda ruwan 'ya'yan ciki da enzymes waɗanda ke narke abinci mai gina jiki sun lalata kwayoyin halitta kafin su bango ta hanji.

Masana kimiyya daga Harvard da Jami'ar Kalifoniya a Santa Barbara sun warware wannan matsala tare da abubuwa biyu - harsashi mai tsayayya da aikin acid acid, kuma wani abu na musamman da masana kimiyyar sunadarai ke kira "ionic fluid."

Ta hanyar wannan kalma, masana kimiyya sun fahimci cakuda wasu ruwan gishiri, wanda ba ya dauke da kwayar ruwa guda daya, amma a lokaci guda yana nuna kamar ruwa saboda matsanancin narkewar sa. Su, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka ba da shawara, ana iya amfani dasu azaman wani nau'in makamai na "ruwa" don insulin, wanda ke kare shi daga enzymes yayin motsawa ta cikin hanji.

Asiri na aikinta, kamar yadda Mitragotri yayi bayani, ita ce ta nuna hali daban a cikin mahalli tare da matakan pH daban-daban.

A cikin "acidic" ciki, ya kasance tsayayye kuma yana hana ruwan sa shiga daga ciki, kuma a cikin "alkaline", hanjin ionic a hankali ya karye kuma ya saki kwayoyin halittar.

Bugu da ƙari, ruwan ionic, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje a kan mice, yana taimakawa kwayoyin insulin shiga cikin katanga tsakanin ganuwar hanji da jinin jini, kuma yana daidaita kwayoyin kwayoyin, yana ba da allunan a gininsa na tsawon kimanin awanni 12 kuma a adana su na tsawon watanni biyu a cikin ɗakin magani har ma da zafin jiki na ɗakin.

Kamar yadda Mitragotri da abokan aiki suke fatan, allunan su zasu wuce dukkan matakai na gwajin asibiti da gwajin dabbobi a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokaci, kuma zai fito a cikin kantin magani a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

Babban bege ga wannan an ba shi ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa abubuwa biyu na ruwa na ionic - bitamin B4 da geranium acid - an riga an yi amfani dasu azaman kayan abinci, wanda zai sauƙaƙa yawan guba na waɗannan allunan.

Masana ilimin kimiyyar ilmin halitta na Amurka suna zuwa da abubuwan kwalliyar insulin

Kowace rana, mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ana tilasta su yin allura mai raɗaɗi da raɗaɗin raunin insulin ko amfani da famfo. Masana magunguna sun dade suna kokawa da wasu hanyoyi masu saukin kai na sadar da sinadaran hormone a cikin jini, kuma ga alama an sami daya daga cikinsu.

Har ya zuwa yau, har ma mutane masu tsoron allura ba su da wani zabi. Mafi kyawun mafita shine a dauki insulin ta baki, amma babbar matsalar ita ce insulin ya rushe da sauri a gindin ruwan madara da abinci mai narkewa. Masana kimiyya na dogon lokaci ba zasu iya samar da harsashi ba wanda insulin zai shawo kan dukkan “shinge” na narkewar abinci kuma ya shiga cikin jini mara canzawa.

Kuma a ƙarshe, masana kimiyya daga Harvard a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Samir Mitragotri sun sami damar magance wannan matsalar. Sakamakon aikinsu an buga shi a cikin Jaridar Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Amurka - PNAS.

Masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun yi kokarin kirkirar kwaya, wanda su kansu ke kwatanta yanayin kwalliya da kwarewa tare da wuka na sojojin Switzerland.

An sanya insulin a cikin abun da masana sunadarai ke kira "ionic fluid." Gabaɗaya bashi da ruwa, amma saboda madaidaicin ƙarar narkewa, yana yin hali kuma yayi kama da ruwa. Ruwan ionic yana kunshe da gishiri daban-daban, kwayoyin halitta choline (Vitamin B4) da acid geranium. Tare da insulin, ana rufe su cikin membrane mai tsayayya da acid acid, amma yana narkewa a cikin karamin hanji. Bayan shigar da ƙananan hanji ba tare da harsashi ba, ruwan ionic yana aiki a matsayin makamai don insulin, yana kare shi daga enzymes narkewa, kuma, a lokaci guda, yana taimaka masa ya shiga cikin jini ta cikin jijiyar mucous da bangon sel mai ciki na hanjin kansa. Wata kyakkyawar fa'idar amfani da capsules tare da insulin a cikin ruwa na ionic shine ana iya ajiye su a zazzabi a cikin dakin na tsawon watanni biyu, wanda ke sauƙaƙa rayuwar mutane masu ciwon sukari.

Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa irin waɗannan kwayoyin suna da sauki kuma ba su da tsada. Bayan gaskiyar cewa mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari na iya yin ba tare da allurar rigakafi ba, watakila wannan hanyar isar da insulin ga jiki zai zama mafi inganci da sarrafawa. Gaskiyar ita ce hanyar da ke haifar da sukari mai narkewa cikin jini tare da ruwa na ionic ya fi kama da yanayin hanyoyin sha na insulin da aka samar ta mafitsara fiye da injections.

Studiesarin karatuna a kan dabbobi sannan kawai a kan mutane za a buƙaci don tabbatar da amincin miyagun ƙwayoyi, duk da haka, masu haɓaka suna cike da fata. An riga an yi amfani da Choline da geranic acid a cikin abubuwan da ake ƙara abinci, wanda ke nufin an san su azaman marasa guba, wato, rabin aikin an yi shi. Masu haɓaka suna fatan cewa insulin ƙwayoyin insulin ɗin zasu ci gaba da siyarwa cikin 'yan shekaru.