Ciwon sukari insipidus

Cutar sankarau wata kalma ce ta likitanci wacce ke bayyana yanayin jikin da ake samun yawan urination. Duk da cewa akwai wasu nau'ikan cututtukan guda biyu masu kama da suna - ciwon sukari da insipidus, waɗannan sune cututtukan cututtukan guda biyu gaba ɗaya, amma alamomin sun haɗa kansu. Suna da haɗin kai ne kawai ta hanyar wasu alamu masu kama, amma cututtukan ana haifar da su ta fuskoki daban-daban a cikin jiki.

Sanadin ciwon sukari insipidus

Ciwon sukari insipidus cuta ce wacce take haifar da rashi na vasopressin, dangi ne ko karancin rashi. An samar da hormone na antidiuretic (vasopressin) a cikin hypothalamus kuma, a tsakanin sauran ayyuka a cikin jiki, yana da alhakin daidaiton urination. Ta hanyar alamun etiological, nau'ikan guda uku na insipidus na ciwon sukari sun bambanta: idiopathic, samu, da kwayoyin.

A cikin mafi yawan marasa lafiya da wannan cuta mai saurin cutar, har yanzu ba a san dalilin ba. Irin wannan cutar sankarau ana kiranta ideopathic, har kashi 70 na marasa lafiya suna fama da ita.

Halittar jini abu ne mai gado. A wannan yanayin, ciwon insipidus wani lokacin yakan bayyana kansa a cikin mambobi da yawa kuma ga tsararraki da yawa a jere.

Magani ya bayyana wannan ta hanyar canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin kwayoyin halittar jini, suna ba da gudummawa ga faruwar rikice-rikice a cikin aiki na maganin antidiuretic. Wurin gado na wannan cuta yana faruwa ne saboda lahani na cikin haɓakar diencephalon da midbrain.

La'akari da abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta yakamata suyi layin hanyoyin ci gabanta:

Tsarin cutar sankara ta tsakiya - yana haɓaka tare da ƙarancin samar da vasopressin a cikin hypothalamus ko cin zarafin ɓoyayyensa daga glandon ƙwayar cuta zuwa cikin jini, ya ba da shawarar abubuwan da ke haifar da shi:

• Pathology na hypothalamus, tunda yana da alhakin tsara fitowar fitsari da kuma sinadarin antidiuretic hormone, keta aikin sa yana haifar da wannan cutar. Cututtuka masu saurin kamuwa da cuta ko ƙwayar cuta: ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, mura, cututtukan da ke ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i, tarin fuka na iya zama sanadin abubuwan da ke haifar da fargaba da rashin lafiyar hypothalamic.
• Raunin kwakwalwa, Damuwa.
• Yin tiyata a kwakwalwa, cututtukan kumburi na kwakwalwa.
• Kwayar jijiyoyin jiki na tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary, wanda ke haifar da rikicewar jijiyoyin jini a cikin jijiyoyin kwakwalwa wanda ke ciyar da jijiyoyin jini da hypothalamus.
• Tsarin aiwatar da ƙwayoyin tsoka da na hypothalamus.
• Cystic, mai kumburi, raunuka na rauni na kodan wanda ke tsoma baki tare da tsinkaye na vasopressin.
• Cututtukan autoimmune
• Hawan jini shi ma yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke kara dagula tunanin ciwon insipidus.

Rashin ciwon sukari insipidus - yayin da ake samar da vasopressin a cikin adadin al'ada, duk da haka, ƙwayar renal ba ta amsa da kyau ba. Dalilan na iya zama kamar haka:

• Cutar Sickle cell anaemia cuta ce mai wuya
• Cutar cututtukan cikin ciki shine asalin gado
• Lalacewa cikin medulla na koda ko urinary tubules na nephron
• polycystic (cysts da yawa) ko amyloidosis (ajiya a cikin ƙwayar amyloid) na kodan
• na kullum na koda
• potassiumara yawan haɓakar potassium ko rage kiba na jini
• shan magunguna waɗanda suke da guba ga ƙwayar koda (misali, Lithium, Amphotericin B, Demeclocilin)
• wani lokacin yakan faru ne a cikin marassa lafiya ko kuma a cikin tsufa

Wasu lokuta, a kan tushen damuwa, ƙara ƙishirwa (psychogenic polydipsia) na iya faruwa. Ko kuma ciwon insipidus na ciwon sukari a lokacin daukar ciki, wanda ke tasowa a cikin watanni uku saboda lalata vasopressin ta hanyar enzymes da mahaifa ke haifar. Dukkan nau'ikan cin zarafi guda biyu ana cire su da kansu bayan an kawar da tushen dalilin.

Alamar ciwon sukari insipidus

Cutar tana faruwa daidai a cikin maza da mata, a kowane zamani, mafi yawan lokuta yana da shekaru 20-40. Verarfin bayyanar cututtuka na wannan cuta ya dogara da matakin ƙarancin vasopressin. Tare da ƙarancin ƙwayar hormone, ana iya share alamun asibiti, ba a faɗi ba. Wasu lokuta alamun farko na insipidus na ciwon sukari suna bayyana a cikin mutanen da ke fama da rashin ƙarfi - tafiya, tafiya, balaguro, da kuma shan corticosteroids.

Lokacin da mutum ya fara irin wannan ciwon sukari, yana da wuya ba a lura da alamunsa ba, tunda yawan fitsari a kullun yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan polyuria ne, wanda a cikin wannan cuta na iya kasancewa da bambancin ƙarfi. Yawancin lokaci fitsari ba shi da launi, ba tare da gishiri da sauran abubuwa ba. Lokacin da irin wannan rashin ruwa ya faru, jiki yana buƙatar sake haɗa ruwa.

Hakanan kuma, alamar halayyar ƙwayar cutar insipidus shine rashin jin ƙishirwa ko polydipsia. Akai-akai na yin kuzari a tilastawa mutum mai irin wannan ciwon sukari ya sha ruwa mai yawa da sauran magudanan ruwa. A sakamakon haka, girman mafitsara yana ƙaruwa sosai. Bayyanar cutar suna da matukar damuwa ga mutum, don haka waɗanda ke fama da rashin lafiya yawanci suna tuntuɓi likita. Marasa lafiya suna da damuwa:

Cutar sha'awa koyaushe ita ce ɗayan alamun cutar insipidus.

• akai-akai da profuse urination har zuwa lita 4-30 a rana
• kara girman mafitsara
• tsananin kishi, damuwa har dare
• rashin bacci ko nutsuwa
• gumi rage
• karancin jini
• kaifi mai nauyi ko akasin haka
• rashin ci
• rikicewar ƙwayar gastrointestinal
• gajiya
• haushi
• ciwon tsoka
• rashin hankali
• bushe fata da mucous membranes
• rage potency a cikin maza
• haila rashin daidaituwa a cikin mata
• Kamawar ciki da saukad da ciki na ciki
• bushewa

Akwai cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na yara a cikin yara yayin da a cikin yara an bayyana alamun ta sosai, har zuwa raunin jijiya, zazzabi, da amai. Yayin balaga, rashin kwanciyar hankali a haɓaka ta jiki zai yiwu.

Idan mara lafiyar yana da ƙuntatawa cikin shigar ruwa, to alamu na rashin ruwa ya bayyana, tunda har yanzu kodan na ci gaba da cire adadin fitsari a jiki. Sannan amai, tachycardia, zazzabi a jiki, ciwon kai, da kuma matsalar kwakwalwa zasu iya bayyana.

Jiyya da ciwon sukari insipidus

Kafin tsara magani, ya zama dole don bayyana bayyanar cututtuka, tabbatar da yanayi, nau'in ciwon sukari da kuma gano dalilin bayyanar polyuria (ƙararrawar urination) da polydipsia (ƙishirwa). Game da wannan, an wajabta mai haƙuri cikakken bincike, gami da:

1. Binciken hanji tare da ƙudurin yawa, abun ciki na sukari
2. Don ƙayyade adadin fitsari na yau da kullun da takamaiman nauyi (mara nauyi ga insipidus na ciwon sukari), gwajin Zimnitsky
3. Yana yiwuwa a tantance matakin antidiuretic hormone a cikin plasma jini (Shirye-shiryen Desmopressin ya karɓi insipidus na sukari na tsakiya. Adiuretin da nau'in kwamfutar hannu Minirin.

Don lura da insipidus na ciwon sukari nephrogenic, yana da tasiri sosai don haɓakar dizedtics na potassium - Spironolactonekarin - Hydrochlorothiazidehada haduran - Isobar, Amyloretic, Triampur compositum . Yayin magani, ya kamata a iyakance yawan cin gishiri zuwa 2 g / rana. Tare da insipidus na sukari na tsakiya, za'a iya amfani da thiazide diuretics.

Koyaya, idan mai haƙuri yana da insipidus na ciwon sukari, lura da desmopressin ko thiazide diuretics ba zai karɓa ba. Tunda zasu iya haifar da maye mai yawa tare da ruwa. Amfani da su yana rage ambaliyar ruwa, alhali baya rage amfani da shi. Tare da wannan nau'in insipidus na ciwon sukari, babban magani yana nufin rage yawan ci da abinci tare da ƙuntatawa abinci na furotin, gishiri, karuwar amfani da kayan kiwo, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu.

Yin magani na kansa tare da irin wannan mummunan bincike yana da haɗari. Awararren likita ne kaɗai zai iya zaɓar maganin da ya dace don maganin insipidus na musamman ga wani mara lafiya.