Cututtukan ƙafafun da ciwon sukari: menene, yaya kuma yadda ake bi dasu?

Dukkanin Labaran Cutar Cutar Sutar Cutar Cutar

Ba asirin ba ne cewa dangane da cutar sankara, ɗaya daga cikin alamun alamun cutar shine ainihin zubar jinni.

Wannan halin kuma ana nuna shi ta hanyar cewa yana motsawa da sauri isa cikin jiki, sannan ga ƙarshen, wato zuwa kafafu, kuma yana shiga lokaci mai tsawo kuma, ƙari, a hankali.

Wadanne matsaloli zasu iya kasancewa kuma ko maganin su zai yiwu?

Da fari dai, wannan sabon abu yana nufin ɗayan alamun cutar sankarau.

Ana buƙatar mutumin da ke da ciwon sukari ya yi gwaje-gwaje ta kwararru a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, saboda idan wata cuta da ba a sarrafawa ba ta taso, yana iya haɓaka wata cuta da ake kira neuropathy diabetic.

A wani ɓangare na wannan aikin, an lura da lalacewar jijiya wanda ke da '' alhakin '' don girman raunin ƙananan ƙarshen.A wannan yanayin, mai ciwon sukari ya daina jin zazzabi tare da taimakon kafafu, kamar yadda yake a da kuma koyaushe baya jin bayyanar raunuka.

Idan ba a kula da cutar ba, zai iya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta da gabobin. Ciki har da wannan yana haifar da ƙafafun sukari. Wannan ma'anar ya haɗa da matsaloli daban-daban masu yawa waɗanda a cikinsu, har zuwa mafi girma, ƙafafun haƙuri ne yake wahala.

A cikin 10% na masu ciwon sukari, kwararru suna lura da abin da ake kira cututtukan ƙafafun ciwon sukari. Kimanin kashi 45% daga cikinsu suna cikin haɗari. Wannan yana nuna cewa:

• da yiwuwar magance cutar a halin da ake ciki yanzu kadan ne,
• kafa yana buƙatar a datse.

Yaya za a magance cututtukan cututtukan trophic?

Gudanar da haƙuri a gaban mai ciwon sukari ya kamata a gudanar da shi bayan kowace shawara ta masu ciwon sukari. Ko da a cikin mafi yawan alamun bayyanar cututtuka da aka gabatar, mutum ya sanar da gwani. A wannan yanayin, likita zai gudanar da aikin tiyata, wanda za a yi nufin ba kawai don yaƙar ƙafar ƙafa ba, har ma tare da ƙara yawan ciwon sukari mellitus.

Game da rauni na trophic da rauni

Abinda yake faruwa sau dayawa, ana ganin samuwar cututtukan mahaifa a cikin kafafu, wadanda suke da wahalar warkewa. Suna faruwa ne a yankin ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin ƙananan ƙafafun ƙafafun. Kuma suna bayyana kansu a koyaushe suna haifar edema da zafi bayan ƙoƙarin jiki.

A kowane mataki na jiyya, ya kamata mutum ya mayar da hankalin mutum ba wai kawai kan magungunan da aka yi niyya kawai don magance raunuka ba, har ma suna kula da cutar da kanta, wanda ya haifar da lahani irin na cutar.

Idan magani da aka gabatar bai kawo wani bege na murmurewa ba, ana bada shawara kada kuyi shakka tare da hanyar tiyata don magance matsalar. Ana iya faɗi wannan game da duk cututtukan ƙafa a cikin ciwon sukari, wanda dole ne a bi da shi har ƙarshe.

Dalilin kamuwa da rauni a cikin kafa yakamata a dauke shi wani babban yanki ne na glucose a cikin jini. Batun shine babban adadin sukari kawai yana haɓaka ayyukan diuretic.

Tare da wannan, duk "mai amfani" microelements an cire shi daga jiki, rashi wanda zai iya tayar da bayyanar kama.

Hanyoyi don magance zafin ƙafa

Idan fitsarin yana fama da ciwon sukari, yana yiwuwa a yi ƙoƙarin haɗa cikin menu irin naku irin waɗannan samfuran da suke da haɓaka mai yawa ba kawai magnesium ba, har ma da alli.

Idan kayi amfani da wadataccen rabo na abubuwan da ake gabatarwa a jiki, to akwai buƙatar ƙarawa zuwa menu irin waɗannan samfuran waɗanda ke ɗauke da bitamin D. Gaskiya ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yana ba da gudummawa ga sauƙi mafi sauƙi na inganta ƙwayar alli da magnesium.

Ba a so a ci kayayyakin kiwo, saboda suna da sinadarin phosphorus mai mahimmanci, wanda kawai zai hanzarta bayyanar ɓarna a cikin cututtukan cututtukan fata na farkon da na biyu.

Game da ciwo da rigakafin

A kusan dukkanin masu ciwon sukari, raɗaɗin raɗaɗi a cikin ɓangaren kafafu suna bayyana sau da yawa. Wannan na iya faruwa a cikin biyu, ga alama, gaba ɗaya daban-daban lokuta:

1. idan rikice-rikice suka haifar da asalin kowace cuta,
2. kazalika da waɗancan mutane waɗanda ba su da wata gunaguni dangane da bayyanar raunuka, rashi da sauran abubuwa.

Sakamakon cewa akwai ciwon sukari, wata gabar jiki ta gaji sau da yawa da karfi, saboda "hanya" na gudanawar jini yana da rauni, kuma matakin tsinkayewar jini a cikin kowane jirgi bai fi kyau ba.

An ƙirƙiri hanyoyin da yawa da zasu taimaka kawar da ciwo a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen.
Ofayan mafi inganci za'a iya la'akari da shi azaman aikin kwantar da hankali, kamar tausa ko tausa kansa.

Gudanar da tsarin motsa jiki mara izini a kullun na mintina 15-20, mai ciwon sukari a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci zai ji ƙarar zafi a cikin kafafu da rage ayyukan hanyoyin kumburi. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa ƙafarku ta karɓi aikin ta jiki daidai gwargwado.

Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci kafin farawa ta jiki don yin shawarwari tare da gwani wanda zai gaya muku menene kuma yadda ake yin shi.

Yadda za a guji yankan yanki?

Ana buƙatar kowane ɗayan masu ciwon sukari don saka idanu kan cigaban cututtukan cututtukan ƙananan ƙananan. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa:

• lokacin da raunin bai warke na dogon lokaci ba, to wata cuta mafi muni na iya bayyana a ƙasa,
• idan har ya kai matsayin girman yanayin tozartarwa, to domin ya ceci ran dan Adam, to lallai ya yanke reshe.

Wannan, a hakika, matsanancin yanayi ne wanda ba za'a iya jujjuya shi ba. Tabbas, ga kowane daga cikin masu ciwon sukari, labarin da ya shafi kafa zai buƙaci a yanke sauti kamar jumla.

Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa cutar ba ta kai ga irin wannan matakin da hanzarin yanke kafafu ba, tilas ne a bi kowace ka'idodin kula da reshe.

Kowane daga cikin masu ciwon sukari ya kamata a sanar dashi game da su. Kari akan haka, kuna buƙatar sa ido kan samuwar kowanne ɓangaren cutar kuma kada ku sami tsoron ziyartar kwararrun. Koda kuwa ya shafi kallon kallo.

Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai ake warkar da cututtukan ƙafa, wanda, ƙari, ana ɗaukar nauyin ciwon sukari, zai zama da nasara da gaske kuma yana tasiri 100%..

Duk matakai a cikin shirin magani dole ne a tattauna tare da kwararrun halartar.

Cututtukan ƙafafun da ciwon sukari - menene, yaya kuma yaya za mu bi?

Ma'aikatar Kiwon lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha: “A jefar da mitir da kuma gwajin gwaji. Babu sauran Metformin, Diabeton, Siofor, Glucophage da Januvius! Bi da shi da wannan. "

Kamar yadda ka sani, a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari ɗayan alamun cutar ba shi da yawa cikin jini.

Haka kuma, idan jinin ya motsa gaba daya ko kadan kamar yadda yake a jiki, to a cikin gabar jiki, musamman a kafafu, yakan gudana tsawon lokaci kuma a hankali yana zagawa.

Bugu da kari, saboda gaskiyar cewa barkewar cholesterol ya bayyana a jikin bangon manyan jijiyoyin jini a cikin marasa lafiya, yanayin zubar jini yana raguwa da yawa, wanda ke kawo cikas ga yaduwar jikin ta.

Saboda haka, tare da ƙaramin rauni ga ƙafafu, marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari na iya samun ƙarin rikice-rikice, wanda har ma yana iya kaiwa ga irin waɗannan matsanancin matakan kamar ƙyallen reshe. Gabaɗaya, duk raunuka da raunin da ke cikin masu ciwon sukari na iya samun sakamako, amma musamman, ya kamata su kare ƙafafunku. Likita, wanda ke jagorantar tarihin likita, dole ne ya gargadi mara lafiya game da sakamakon lalacewar kafafu.

Ya kamata likita ya bincika mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari a kai a kai, kamar yadda tare da masu ciwon sukari da ba a sarrafa su ba, zai iya haɓaka wata cuta da ake kira masu ciwon sukari.

A cikin aiwatar da cutar, jijiyoyi sun lalace, waɗanda ke da alhakin hankali na ƙafafu. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri ya daina jin zazzabi tare da ƙafafunsa, ba koyaushe yana jin raunuka.

Idan ba a kula dashi ba, zai iya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta ga kafafu.

Idan muka bincika dalla-dalla game da jerin rikice-rikicen da ciwon sukari mellitus, da farko, ya zama dole a faɗi ƙafar mai ciwon sukari. Wannan ma'anar ya ƙunshi da yawa rikitarwa a cikin tsari wanda yafi cutar ƙafar haƙuri. A cikin 10% na marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus, ana lura da cututtukan ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafa.

Haka kuma, kashi 45% daga cikinsu suna cikin haɗari. Wannan yana nufin cewa damar damar warkar da cutar a cikin lamarin su tayi kankanta kuma, mafi yuwu, dole a yanke reshe din. Ya kamata a gudanar da gwajin haƙuri a gaban mai ciwon sukari a duk shawarar mai haƙuri.

A mafi ƙarancin alamar wannan rikitarwa, mai haƙuri dole ne ya sanar da likitan da yake halartar.

Hakanan, wata cuta mai haɗari a cikin ciwon sukari shine gangrene. A cikin aiwatar da ci gaban wannan cuta, kasusuwa na jiki suna fara mutuwa, yayin da ake rufe su da launi mai duhu ko baƙi. Launin launin baƙi, yana ba da cakuda baƙin ƙarfe sulfide da iskar hydrogen sulfide. Gangrene na iya bushewa da rigar.

Dry gangrene yana aiki a hankali akan wata gabar jiki. Game da bushewar gangrene, toshe tasoshin na faruwa, amma wannan tsari yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, tsawon watanni, kuma a wasu lokuta ma har shekaru. Etan tawaye, akasin haka, yana aiki da sauri kuma yana haɓaka da sauri.

Game da rigar gangrene, putanƙarin reshe mai lalacewa kusan shine damar kaɗai don adana rayuwar mai haƙuri, yayin da cutar ta ci gaba a kowace rana, ƙanshin rot ya bayyana kuma yankin da ya lalace ya sami furen kore.

Gangrene cuta ce mai matukar hatsari ga masu ciwon suga.

A lokacin cutar, ji na kafafu yana raguwa kuma mai haƙuri ba zai iya jin bayyanar lahani na ƙasan akan ƙasan ƙananan ƙananan, wanda galibi yakan faru ne a cikin marasa lafiya da aka kamu da cutar sukari mellitus. Sau da yawa sau da yawa, cututtukan trophic suna haifar akan kafafu, waɗanda suke da wuyar cirewa.

Suna faruwa, a matsayin ƙa'ida, a kasan ƙananan kafafun kafa na kafafu, kuma suna bayyana kansu azaman kumburi da raɗaɗi bayan motsa jiki. A yayin aiwatar da magani, ya zama dole a mai da hankali ba kawai kan kwayoyi da nufin magance cututtukan fata kawai ba, har ma don kula da cutar da kanta, saboda wanda lahani na ciki ya bayyana.

Idan ra'ayin mazan jiya na maganin rauni ba ya ba da bege na murmurewa, ba kwa buƙatar shakku tare da hanyar tiyata don magance matsalar.

Ba asirin ba ne cewa tare da wata cuta kamar su ciwon sukari, sau da yawa marasa lafiya suna da jijiyar wuya. Me ya jawo su kuma yaya ake yin su? Dalilin bayyanar cramps a cikin kafafu shine adadin sukari mai yawa a cikin jini.

Gaskiyar ita ce babban abun sukari yana haɓaka fitsari, kuma tare da shi, dukkanin ƙwayoyin microelements da suka wajaba suna fitowa daga jiki, rashin hakan na iya haifar da tashin hankali.

Idan mutumin da ke fama da ciwon sukari yana daɗaɗɗa, to, zaku iya gwada ƙara abinci a cikin magnesium da alli a cikin abincinku.

Idan ka ci wadataccen wadataccen waɗannan na abubuwan gina jiki, kana buƙatar ƙara abinci waɗanda suke ɗauke da bitamin D a cikin abincinka, saboda yana taimakawa ci abinci mafi kyau na ƙwayoyin calcium da magnesium. Kada kuyi amfani da samfuran kiwo, saboda suna ɗauke da adadin phosphorus mai yawa, wanda zai ƙara tasirin tasirin abubuwa ne kawai.

Magunguna sun sake neman kuɗi don masu ciwon sukari. Akwai wata ma'abociyar amfani da magungunan Turai ta zamani, amma sun yi shuru kan hakan. Wannan kenan.

Marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari suna da ciwon kafa sau da yawa.

Wannan yana faruwa ba kawai lokacin da rikice-rikice suka taso ba saboda cutar, har ma a cikin mutanen da ba su yin korafi game da bayyanar raunuka, ƙurji da sauran abubuwa.

Kawai, a kan asalin cutar, kafafu sun gaji da yawa, saboda zagayawar jini ba shi da kyau, kuma jini yana gudana ta cikin tasoshin yana barin yawan abin da ake so. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kawar da ciwo na ƙafa.

Ofayansu shine magani na jiki, tausa ko tausa kai. Yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi a kowace rana don mintina 15-20, mai haƙuri a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci zai rage zafin ƙafa da yiwuwar hanyoyin kumburi.

Bugu da kari, kafafu ya kamata su sami matsakaiciyar motsa jiki. Bayan haka, idan mutum ba shi da lafiya tare da ciwon sukari, wannan ba dalili bane ya kwanta akan gado mai matasai kuma ya yi komai. A gefe guda, lodi mai wuce gona da iri zai kara dagula lamarin.

Kafin fara aikin motsa jiki, tabbatar da cewa ka nemi likita.

Marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari ya kamata su lura da haɓakar cututtukan ƙafafun ƙafa. Bayan haka, idan raunin bai warke ba na dogon lokaci, ƙarin cutar mafi mahimmanci na iya haifar saboda ƙananan rauni.

Idan ya kai kololuwar yanayin sa, to don ya ceci ran mutum, dole ne sai ya yanke reshe din. Arƙasa wani reshe ƙaƙƙarfan mataki ne wanda ba za'a iya musantawa ba.

Wataƙila, ga kowane haƙuri da ke fama da ciwon sukari, labarin da ake cewa ƙafar da ke da cutar tana buƙatar ɗaukar sautikan kamar jumla. Tabbas, hanyar yankan hanyar ba za a iya dawo da shi ba.

Domin cutar ba ta kai ga matakin da ake buƙatar yanke hanzarin reshe ba, ya wajaba a bi duk ka'idodin kulawa da ƙafafun marasa lafiya tare da masu ciwon sukari, kula da haɓaka kowane ɓangare na cutar kuma kada ku ji tsoron sake sake ganin likita don binciken da ba a tsara shi ba.

Kamar yadda kuka rigaya kuka fahimta, cututtukan ƙafa a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus ba a saba ba ne, akasin haka. Koyaya, tare da kulawa da kyau, zaku iya guje wa rikitarwa da yawa akan kafafu. Me zai yiwu kuma menene ba?

- Kuna buƙatar amfani da lotions don shayar da ƙafafunku bayan wanka. Kafin zabar takamaiman ruwan shafawa, dole ne ka nemi likitanka. Ba kwa buƙatar shafa fata tsakanin yatsun ƙafa tare da ruwan shafa fuska ba.

- Kar a manta da rub da cokali tare da dutsen tsummoki bayan wanka. Tabbatar cewa wannan aikin yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da fata ta yi laushi, wato, bayan ɗaukar wanka ko wanka.

- Kada ku yi tafiya da ƙafa ba a kan ciyawa ba, har da na ɗan nesa. Karku sa takalmin takalmi, amma ku sanya takalman takalmin hannu mai tsayi.

Tabbas, wannan ba duk abubuwan da dole ne a lura da su ba don samar da kulawa mai mahimmanci ga ƙafafunku, amma har ma lura da su, zaku iya guje wa cin zarafi da yawa.

Ko da ba ku da matsala da ƙafafunku, har yanzu bai kamata ku saki jiki ba.

A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, mai haƙuri dole ne ya jagoranci hanyoyin lafiya na yau da kullun don kada rikice-rikicen kafafu su tashi, saboda yana da sauƙi sauƙin rasa lokacin da tara wasu cututtuka a ƙafafu, amma ku tuna cewa ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a bi da irin waɗannan cututtukan ba tare da asarar da aka gani ba.

A kan aiwatar da magani, zaku iya amfani da hanyoyin da aka ambata a baya. Bugu da kari, zaku iya zuwa maganin gargajiya. A wannan yanayin, tuna cewa wajibi ne don amfani da wasu nau'in kayan ado ko maganin shafawa na gida a hankali kuma kawai bayan wannan maganin yana yarda da likitan halartar ku.

Yayin aikin, zaka iya amfani da mayukan shafawa da man shafawa iri-iri. Babban aikinsu yakamata ayi niyya don rage zafin rai, da sanya bushewar fata. Wajibi ne a bayar da fifiko ga waɗancan cream ɗin da aka yi a asalin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi bitamin da ma'adanai.

Marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari, waɗanda suma suna da matsaloli masu kyau a ƙafafunsu, suma yakamata su saka idanu akan yanayin ƙusoshinsu, saboda zasu iya zama ɗamarar zafi don ƙarin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ba lallai ba ne a datse kusoshi sau da yawa, yayin da ya fi kyau a yi amfani da fayil ɗin ƙusa, tunda lokacin amfani da shi, akwai ƙarancin haɗarin haɗari don ci gaba da cutar ƙafa.

Don haka, yanzu kun ga cewa cututtukan ƙafa a cikin ciwon sukari ba kawai wani cuta bane wanda zai shude. A'a, yawanci lura da kafafu a cikin marasa lafiya tare da bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari mellitus ana jinkirtawa zuwa wani zamani mara iyaka, girman wanda ya haɗu daga watanni da yawa zuwa shekaru. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun dogara da girman aikin da aiwatarwa akan ƙafar mara lafiya.

Ka tuna, zaku iya fara aiwatar da jiyyar kafa a cikin 'yan makonni, amma farawa da abin da ya ɓace zai zama da wahala. Bi duk shawarwarin da ke sama, kuma tsarin magani zai yi nasara. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, kula da lafiyarku kuma ku nemi likita a kan lokaci.

Na kamu da ciwon sukari tsawon shekara 31. Yanzu yana cikin koshin lafiya. Amma, waɗannan capsules ba su isa ga talakawa ba, ba sa son sayar da magunguna, ba shi da fa'ida a gare su.

Ina da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 - marassa insulin. Wani aboki ya ba da shawarar rage sukarin jini tare da DiabeNot. Na yi oda ta hanyar yanar gizo. An fara liyafar.

Ina bin abincin da ba shi da tsayayye, kowace safiya na fara tafiya kilomita 2-3 a ƙafa. A cikin makonni biyu da suka gabata, na lura da raguwa mai sauƙi a cikin sukari da safe da safe kafin karin kumallo daga 9.3 zuwa 7.1, da jiya har zuwa 6.

1! Na ci gaba da rigakafin hanya. Zan yi watsi da nasarorin.

Margarita Pavlovna, Ni ma ina zaune kan Diabenot yanzu. SD 2. Gaskiya ba ni da lokacin cin abinci da tafiya, amma ba na cin zarafin Sweets da carbohydrates, Ina tsammanin XE, amma saboda tsufa, sukari har yanzu yana da girma.

Sakamakon ba shi da kyau kamar naku, amma don 7.0 sukari ba ya fita har sati guda. Wane glucometer kuke auna sukari da? Shin yana nuna maka plasma ko duka jini? Ina so in gwada sakamakon daga shan miyagun ƙwayoyi.

A ina zan sayi safa?

Cututtuka

GASKIYA! BAYANIN BAYANIN DA SUKE YI A CIKIN SAUKI, KADA KAWAI HALITTA DALILAI KAWAI, KADA KA YI KYAUTA KA YI AMFANI. KYAUTA KADA KA KARANTA MAGANAR ZUCIYA!

Ana ba da damar kwashe abu kawai tare da hanyar haɗin aiki zuwa asalin

Ciwon sukari da rikicewar ƙafa. Ciwon sukari - kafafu sun ji rauni - jiyya

Ciwon sukari yakan ba da rikice-rikice ga kafafu. Matsalar ƙafa a duk rayuwa tana faruwa cikin 25-35% na masu ciwon sukari. Kuma mazan majinyacin, mai girma da yiwuwar abin da ya faru. Cututtukan kafafu tare da ciwon sukari suna kawo matsala da yawa ga marasa lafiya da likitoci.

Kafafu suna ciwo da ciwon sukari - da rashin alheri, mai sauƙin warware wannan matsala har yanzu ba a wanzu ba. Dole ne a yi iyakar kokarina domin a bi da ni. Haka kuma, kuna buƙatar kulawa da ƙwararren likita kawai, kuma ba matsala ta hanyar "magungunan jama'a". A cikin wannan labarin, za ku koyi abin da za ku yi.

• Taimaka jin zafi a kafafu, har ma da kyau - ka rabu da su gaba daya,
• Adana ikon motsi "akan naka."

Idan ba ku kula da yin rigakafi da lura da rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari a kafafu ba, mai haƙuri na iya rasa ƙafar yatsun baki ɗaya ko ƙafa.

Yanzu kafafun mai haƙuri ba su ji ciwo ba, saboda aikin don fadada ƙarancin katako a cikin jijiyoyin haɓaka jini yana gudana a cikin su, kuma kyallen ƙafafun ya daina aika da alamun jin zafi.

Tare da ciwon sukari, kafafu sun ji rauni saboda atherosclerosis bar ma ƙarancin katako a cikin tasoshin jini. Kafafun kafa basu karbar isasshen jini, “shayarwa” sabili da haka aika sakonni na zafi. Yin aiki don maido da kwararar jini a cikin jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarshen zai iya rage jin zafi da haɓaka rayuwar mai ciwon sukari.

Akwai manyan hanyoyin abubuwa guda biyu don matsalolin ƙafafu da ciwon sukari:

1. Ciwon sukari na jini mai zurfi a jiki yana shafan jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, kuma sun gushe suna gudanar da shi. Wannan ana kiran shi da ciwon sukari mai narkewa, kuma saboda hakan, kafafu sun rasa hankalinsu.
2. Jirgin jini wanda ya ciyar da kafafu ya zama matsi saboda atherosclerosis ko samuwar sarkar jini (jini). Ischemia yana haɓaka - yunwar oxygen na kyallen takarda. A wannan yanayin, kafafu yawanci suna jin rauni.

Ciwon sukari na ciwo

Lalacewar jijiya saboda tasirin glucose na jini ana kiranta da ciwon suga.

Wannan rikitarwa na ciwon sukari yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa mai haƙuri ya rasa ikon jin motsin taɓa ƙafafunsa, jin zafi, matsi, zafi da sanyi. Yanzu idan ya ji rauni a ƙafafunsa, ba zai ji da shi ba.

Yawancin masu ciwon sukari a wannan yanayin suna da rauni a kafafu da kafafu na ƙafa, waɗanda ke warkar da tsayi da wuya.

Idan hankalin mai kafafu ya raunana, to raunuka da raunuka basa haifar da ciwo. Ko da akwai fashewa ko fashewar ƙasusuwa na ƙafa, to zai zama kusan ba shi da ciwo.

Wannan ana kiran shi da cutar ciwon sukari. Tun da marasa lafiya ba sa jin zafi, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance marasa hankali don bin shawarar likita.

Sakamakon haka, ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙaruwa a cikin raunuka, kuma saboda gangrene, sau da yawa dole ne a yanke kafa.

Abin da gwaje-gwaje suke yi idan ƙafafunku suka ji ciwo tare da ciwon sukari

Wajibi ne a bincika ƙafafunku da ƙafafunku yau da kullun, musamman ma a cikin tsufa. Idan jini ya gudana cikin tasoshin yana da damuwa, to zaka iya lura da alamun farko na wannan. Bayyanar cututtuka na farkon yanayin cutar mahaifa:

• fata a kafafu ya bushe
• watakila zai fara ɓacin rai, a haɗe shi da ƙaiƙayi,
• alamu na fata ko najasa na iya bayyana akan fatar,
• A cikin maza, gashin kan ƙananan kafa yana juye da launin toka har ya fado,
• fatar jiki na iya zama mai shuɗewa da sanyi koyaushe ga taɓawa,
• ko kuma akasin haka, zai iya zama da dumi da kuma samun launi mai launi.

Kwararren likita na iya duba ta taɓa irin nau'in bugun da mai haƙuri ke da shi a cikin jijiyoyin wuya waɗanda ke ciyar da kyallen ƙafafu. Ana la'akari da wannan hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi araha don gano cuta na wurare dabam dabam. A lokaci guda, bugun jini a kan jijiya yana tsayawa ko ya rage sosai lokacin da lumensa ya toshe 90% ko fiye. Ya yi latti domin hana ciwan nama “yunwar”.

Sabili da haka, suna amfani da ƙarin hanyoyin bincike mai mahimmanci ta amfani da kayan aikin likita na zamani. An lissafta matsin lamba na systolic (“babba”) a cikin jijiyoyin kafafun kafa na kasa da na jijiyoyin jini. Ana kiran wannan ƙasan ƙasan ƙafafun cinya (LPI). Idan yana cikin kewayon 0.9-1.2, to, yaduwar jini a cikin kafafu ana ɗaukarsa al'ada ne. Hakanan ana auna matsewar ƙwayar hancin.

Fuskokin ƙwanƙwurar ƙafa na baka yana ba da bayanan karya idan jiragen ruwa na cutar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na Menkeberg, wato, an rufe su da "sikelin hankali" daga ciki. A cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya, wannan yakan faru sau da yawa.

Don haka, ana buƙatar hanyoyin da ke ba da ƙarin ingantaccen sakamako mai daidaituwa.

Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin warware batun tiyata don maido da ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki don kafafu ba su sake ji rauni ba.

Oximetry Transcutaneous

Sis transimane na oximetry hanya ce mara zafi wacce zata baka damar kimanta yadda kyallen oxygen yake. Transcutaneous yana nufin "ta fata." Ana amfani da firikwensin musamman akan fatar fata, wanda yake yin ma'auni.

Ingancin gwajin ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:

• da yanayin tsarin huhu na mara haƙuri,
• matakin hawan jini da fitowar jini,
• oxygen taro a cikin iska,
• kauri da fata yake amfani da shi,
• kumburi ko kumburi a wurin aunawa.

Idan darajar da aka samu tana ƙasa da 30 mm RT. Art., Sannan mahimmancin ischemia (yunwar oxygen) na kafafu an gano. Ingancin hanyar hanyar oximetry transcutaneous ba ta da girma. Amma har yanzu ana amfani dashi, saboda ana ɗaukarsa mai cikakken bayani ne kuma baya haifar da matsaloli ga marasa lafiya.

Duban dan tayi na bututun dake kawo jini zuwa kafafu

Binciko duplex (duban dan tayi) na jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarshen - ana amfani dasu don tantance yanayin hauhawar jini kafin da kuma bayan anyi aikin tiyata a kan jiragen. Wannan hanyar tana haifar da damar da zata kasance cikin lokaci don gano wani toshewar jijiya ta hanyar thrombus ko maimaita ƙarancin lumen a cikin jiragen ruwa bayan tiyata (restenosis).

Duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin jini yana ba ku damar yin nazarin wuraren matsalar, wato, bangarorin da aka “kashe” daga hanyoyin jini sakamakon haɓakar cutar. Yin amfani da wannan hanyar, zaku iya yin la'akari da yanayin tasoshin kuma kuyi shirin gaba da aikin don dawo da ikon su.

Tunawa da mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari na 2, wanda matsalolinsa na ƙafa suka ɓace bayan matakan suga na jini ya inganta ...

Sergey Kushchenko 9 ga Disamba 9, 2015

X-ray bambanci angiography

X-ray bambanci angiography hanya ce ta gwaji wacce a ciki aka shigar da sigar bambanci a cikin magudanar jini, sannan jiragen suna “translucent” tare da x-ray. Angiography yana nufin "gwajin jijiyoyin jiki".

Wannan ita ce hanya mafi fa'ida. Amma ba shi da daɗi ga mara haƙuri, kuma mafi mahimmanci - wakilin bambanci na iya lalata kodan.

Sabili da haka, an bada shawarar yin amfani dashi kawai lokacin da ake buƙatar tambayar gudanar da aikin tiyata don dawo da tsarin jijiyoyin bugun jini.

Matakan ciwon sukari a cikin kafafu

Akwai digiri 3 na tazarar jini na jini a cikin marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari mellitus.

Digiri na farko - babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka da alamun cutar jini a cikin kafafu:

• ji na jijiyoyin bugun zuciya
• indexanƙarar gwiwar ido na 0.9-1.2,
• Alamar yatsan kafada> 0.6,
• transimcry oximetry rate> 60 mmHg. Art.

Digiri na biyu - akwai alamomi ko alamu, amma har yanzu babu wani mummunar yunwar oxygen da ke tattare da kyallen takarda:

• magana a tsakani (wuya kafafu)
• Alamar wucin-gwiwa mai rauni na 30 mm RT. Art.
• oximetry transcutaneous 30-60 mm RT. Art.

Digiri na uku - matsananciyar yunwar iskar oxygen (ischemia):

systolic matsa lamba a cikin jijiyoyin ƙafar ƙananan kafa Menene magani idan kafafu sun ji rauni tare da ciwon sukari

Idan ƙafafunku suka ji rauni tare da ciwon sukari, to, ana gudanar da jiyya a cikin matakai 3:

1. tasiri akan abubuwanda ke haifar da ci gaban atherosclerosis, gami da cikin jijiyoyin kafafu,
2. aiwatar da shawarwari a hankali game da rigakafi da magani na matsalolin kafa, wanda aka tattauna dalla-dalla a cikin labarin "Cutar ciwon sukari",
3. maganin matsalar ayyukan tiyata don dawo da kwararar jini a cikin jiragen

Har kwanan nan, a mataki na wucin gadi bayani, an wajabta wa marasa lafiya maganin pentoxifylline. Amma bincike ya nuna cewa babu wani fa'ida ta gaske ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankara tare da cututtukan jijiyoyi.

Tare da rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari a kafafu, tiyata don dawo da kwararar jini a cikin tasoshin na iya zama babbar fa'ida. Likitocin sun yanke shawarar tambayar yanayin aikinta tare da kowane mara lafiya, tare da yin la’akari da ƙayyadaddun alamuran sa na maganin tiyata.

Marasa lafiya tare da ciwo na ƙafa a cikin ciwon sukari, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun ba da sanarwar rikicewar metabolism na metabolism (sukari jini yana da girma sosai), cutar ƙafar ƙafafun ƙafa, har ma da alamun wasu rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari. Don taimaka musu da gaske, kuna buƙatar haɗa ƙungiyar ƙwararrun likitoci a cikin jiyya.

Ana kula da ciwon sikari na ƙwararrun likitan dabbobi (wanda ba zai rikita shi da likitan yara ba). Da farko, yin tiyata na raunuka a ƙafa na iya zama dole don hana gangami, kuma kawai sai - sake dawo da ikon jigilar jini.

Cutar Cutar Cutar Sikila da Kafa: Gano

Muna fatan wannan labarin ya bayyana muku dalla-dalla yadda za ku yi idan ƙafafunku suka ji ciwo da ciwon sukari.

Kuna buƙatar canzawa zuwa rayuwa mai kyau don daidaita sukari na jini da dakatar da haɓakar atherosclerosis.

Tare da likita, zaku iya yanke shawara akan aikin tiyata wanda zai dawo da ikon jigilar ƙafafun kafafu. Hakanan kuna buƙatar bincika ku don wasu rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari kuma ku kula da su.

Don Allah kar a gwada “shayar” zafin daga farjin na gefe tare da taimakon wasu kwayoyin. Abubuwan da zasu haifar zasu iya cutar da yanayinka da tsinkayar rayuwa. Tuntuɓi ƙwararren likita. A cikin ciwon sukari, yana da mahimmanci don kula da tsabta na ƙafa don kula da ikon motsawa "don kanku."

Rashin daidaituwa na kafafu (cuta) daga cututtukan sukari - sanadin da magani

Rashin wadatar glucose na wucin gadi da kuma karancin kwayoyin cutar insulin a cikin marasa lafiya suna haifar da rikice-rikice iri-iri. Cututtukan kafafu da ciwon sukari suna tasowa sau da yawa. Aikin likita da mai haƙuri shine rage haɗarin cututtukan cututtukan cuta, saboda tsufa mutumin, mafi girman yiwuwar lalacewar ƙananan ƙarshen.

Dalilin da yasa nau'in 1 da nau'in 2 masu ciwon sukari suna da Matsaloli

Tun da ciwon sukari yana ba da rikice-rikice zuwa ƙafafu, farji ya zama dole, in ba haka ba sakamakon zai iya zama mafi munin bala'i (har zuwa yanki).

Hawan jini a jiki yana da matukar hatsari ga jiki.

Glucose a cikin maida hankali na al'ada yana ba da makamashi kuma yana inganta mahimman ayyuka na gabobin da tsarin, amma a cikin ciwon sukari, shi, akasin haka, yana ɗaukar ƙarfi, yana lalata tsarin jijiyoyin jiki da juyayi.

Kafafu sun yi nesa da zuciya, saboda haka suna shan wahala mafi yawan ci gaban matsaloli daga ciwon sukari na 2. Sakamakon rarrabewar jini da motsa jiki na yau da kullun, tafiyar matakai na faruwa a ƙafa. Tare da haɓaka matakin abubuwa na glycosylating, ƙwanƙwasa myelin na ƙwayoyin jijiya yana lalacewa a hankali, yayin da adadin raguwar jijiya ke raguwa sosai.

Wani rikitarwa mara dadi wanda ya faru da kafafu shine toshewar hanyoyin jini. Haɗuwa da gurɓar hanji na haifar da mummunan sakamako: yaduwar jini a cikin kyallen da ke ƙaruwa, tasoshin sun lalace, lalata, bakin ciki da fashewa. Tissue abinci mai gina jiki daina, su sel a hankali mutu, wanda aka fraught tare da gangrene.

Sannu Sunana Alla Viktorovna kuma ba ni da ciwon sukari! Yayi min kwanaki 30 kawai da 147 rubles.don dawo da sukari zuwa al'ada kuma kada ku dogara da kwayoyi marasa amfani tare da tarin sakamako masu illa.

>>Kuna iya karanta labaru na dalla-dalla a nan.

Babban dalilan rikicewar hannu a cikin cutar sun hada da:

• jijiyoyin jijiyoyin bugun gini wanda ke haifar da tsokawar jini,
• neuropathy, halin da raguwa da azanci da ƙarancin ƙafafu,
• kiba, wanda ke haifar da wuce kima a kasusuwa da tsokoki,
• shan taba da kuma rashin aiki na jiki.

Mahimmanci! >> Me yasa masu ciwon sukari zasu fara cutar da ƙafafunsu da yadda za a shawo kan ciwo - mun fada anan

Wani irin raunuka ke shafar kafafu na masu ciwon sukari

Mafi sau da yawa, marasa lafiya da rikice-rikice a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus suna haɗuwa da:

• naman gwari faranti farantin da ƙafa,
• gonarthrosis
• gangrene (necrosis),
• ƙafa mai ciwon sukari
• fashe mai zurfi marar warkarwa
• ciwon sukari polyneuropathy.

Duk waɗannan cututtukan suna buƙatar magani na gaggawa da isasshen magani. A cikin matakan ci gaba, yana da matukar wahala ka rabu da su, musamman don magance alamuransu masu raɗaɗi.

Kafar ciwon sukari

80% na masu ciwon sukari na 2 suna da masaniyar wannan cutar. Canje-canje na ƙwaƙwalwa yana shafar kashin, juyayi, tsarin jijiyoyin ƙafa. Cutar na iya haifar da haifar da cututtukan ƙwayar tsoka, sau da yawa yana raguwa cikin gangrene.

Ciwon ƙafar ƙafafun ciwon sukari yana haɓaka tare da:

Daga cikin alamun bayyanar cutar, akwai:

• rauni na gaba daya na kafafu sakamakon lalacewar kafa,
• jan fata a kusa da rauni,
• kumburi kafafu, yana nuna alamar kumburi,
• karancin gashi a gwiwoyi da ƙafa,
• narkakke fata da peel,
• numbashi na wata gabar jiki
• ƙusa zannan,
• plantar tsiro (ko warts),
• ƙusa naman gwari.

Yadda za a gano ƙafar mai ciwon sukari a cikin lokaci, hanyoyin yin magani da matakan kariya - karanta dalla-dalla anan

Cutar naman gwari

Masana sun tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin sukarin jini da naman gwari. A cikin ciwon sukari, marasa lafiya ya kamata su yi hankali musamman game da yanayin fata a ƙafafunsu.

Abubuwan da suke haifar da ci gaban cutar sun hada da:

• bacin rai na rigakafi
• ciwon sukari polyneuropathy,
• ciwon kai.

Kuna buƙatar neman taimakon likita idan an lura da lalacewar yanayin bazara-bazara. A lokaci guda, akwai canji a launi da tsarin ƙusoshin a kan ƙananan yatsunsu da yatsun hannu. Nan gaba, lokacin da naman gwari ya yawaita kuma ya fara kai hari a wuraren da ya zauna, fatar ƙafar zai fara yin ja, ta yanke baya, kuma fasa zai bayyana tsakanin yatsunsu, koyaushe itching ba warkewa.

Kwayar cutar ciwon sukari

Wannan cuta ta bayyana a cikin marasa lafiya 5-10 bayan farawa na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus. Wannan cin nasara ne na tsarin juyayi, wanda aka danganta shi da rikice-rikice masu haɗari a cikin cututtukan sukari na kowane nau'in. Tsarin cututtukan cuta yana farawa saboda tsananin iskar oxygen na sel na jijiyoyi, waɗanda ke da alhakin abinci na ƙananan capillaries, mafi haɗari ga hallaka.

Akwai matakai da yawa na cutar:

1. Subclinical, wanda wanda aka azabtar kansa ma bazai lura da farko ba. Likita ne kawai bayan cikakken bincike yayi wani gwaji idan ya bayyana raguwar jijiyoyin zazzabi, zafi, rawar jiki.
2. Matsayi na asibiti, wanda sananne ne lokaci-lokaci mai zafi a cikin kafafu, ƙarancin ƙarshen hutu, ƙarancin ji na jiki. Tare da siffar amyotrophic, mai haƙuri yana gunaguni da rauni na tsoka da wahalar tafiya.
3. Na uku, mataki mai tsanani, tare da bayyanar raunuka akan fatar ƙafafu. A cikin 15% na waɗannan marasa lafiya, an yanƙatar da wuraren da abin ya shafa don guje wa rikitarwa.

Wannan rashin lafiya yana tare da lalacewa a hankali, lalata, da zub da gawar hyaline da ke a gwiwa. Marasa lafiya suna da ƙafafu masu ciwo, suna ji rauni kuma suna da wahala yin tafiya. Babban abubuwanda ke haifar da haifar da amosanin gabbai sune rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki.

Saboda girmanta da danko, jinin mai ciwon sikila yana gudana a hankali ta gado na jijiyoyin jiki da ƙarancin wadata sel da abubuwan gina jiki da iskar oxygen. Hanyar cire gubobi da gubobi ma yana da rikitarwa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar guba ta jiki da kumburi.

Bugu da kari, kashi tamanin cikin dari na marasa lafiya masu dauke da cutar sukari sun kasance masu kiba. Burdenarin ƙarin nauyi a kan bakin ciki na gwiwa da kuma guringuntsi hypoxia yana haifar da gonarthrosis (arthrosis na gwiwa gwiwa).

Fasa a cikin ƙafa

Daya daga cikin matsalolin ƙafafun gama gari gama gari shine bayyanar fasa a cikin diddige. Wannan ya yi nisa daga lahani na kwaskwarima wanda za'a iya magance saurin amfani da kwalliya. Rarrabe mara zurfi a kan ƙafafunsa yana barazanar shigar ciki da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke cike da rikice-rikice.

Tare da ciwon sukari, da sannu ko kuma daga baya, ƙoshin jijiya a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen ya fara lalacewa, wanda kusan kullun yana haɗuwa da ƙara flaking da bushe fata. A sakamakon haka, fatar fata, raunuka sun bayyana. Idan ba a fara jiyyarsu akan lokaci ba, nakasar ƙafa, gurgujiya, da fata za su iya ci gaba.

Kuma ku sani cewa don kare ƙafafun masu ciwon sukari daga rikice-rikice marasa buƙata, ana bada shawara don sa safa na musamman masu ciwon sukari.

Rashin narkewar yanayin cuta yana cutar da dukkan gabobin. Dangane da ƙididdigar likitanci mai cike da takaici, kowane maraƙi na biyu yana fuskantar tarin yawa da ke tattare da cutar sankara. Ofaya daga cikin rikice rikice masu ciwon sukari shine necrosis a jiki saboda raunin jini a cikin kyallen (ƙwayar cuta).

Shin kana shan azaba da cutar hawan jini? Shin kun san hauhawar jini yana haifar da bugun zuciya da bugun jini? Normalize your matsa lamba da ... Ra'ayoyi da kuma bayani game da hanyar karantawa anan >>

Daga cikin alamun bayyanar cututtukan, ana iya lura da su:

• canza launin fata (cyanosis, jan, duhu),
• asarar ji na ƙafa,
• kaifi zafi, rauni a lokacin da tafiya (haƙuri yi kuka cewa kafafunsa kasa a zahiri),
• kumburi na reshen da ya shafa,
• low zazzabi a yankin matsalar,
• bayyananniyar bayyanar cututtuka na fungal.

Treatmentarancin jiyya na ƙwayar cutar sankara

Bayan bayyanar cutar, likita ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda za a bi da ƙafafu da ciwon sukari. Lokacin da ciwon sukari na polyneuropathy ya faru, mai haƙuri dole ne:

• barin abubuwan jaraba (shan sigari da shan giya tare da ciwon sukari ba a yarda da shi ba),
• sarrafa metabolism,
• alauki aldose reductase inhibitors da angioprotector waɗanda ke gyara microcirculation jini da rage tasirin glucose akan ƙwayoyin jijiya,
• sha bitamin da ke inganta watsa jijiyoyin jijiya.

Bugu da ƙari, an tsara maganin hemosorption, plasmapheresis, enterosorption, anticonvulsants, hanyoyin motsa jiki, tausa, aikin motsa jiki. Idan ƙafafuwa ya lalace, likitan octhopedist zai ɗauki takalmi na musamman da wando.

Tare da cututtukan fungal na ƙafafu, likitoci sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da sinadarin hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine ko maganin shafaffar maganin shafawa, lotions. Iodine, kore mai haske da ƙwayar potassium ba a bada shawarar ba. Kulawa da naman gwari na iya wuce kusan shekara guda, gwargwadon matsayin cutar da girman lalacewar fatar fata da ƙusa faranti.

Kulawa da cututtukan gwiwa na jijiyoyin gwiwa ya dogara da amfani da:

• mayanka, maido da kere kere. Amma idan cutar ta kasance a cikin matakan ci gaba, kuma ƙwaƙwalwar gwiwa ta lalace gaba ɗaya, waɗannan kwayoyi ba zasu taimaka ba,
• magungunan anti-kumburi wanda ke rage kumburi, rage kumburi, rage zafi,
• kwayoyi waɗanda ke rage gani da jini da kuma sauƙaƙa ƙwayar tsoka.

A cikin manyan lokuta, ana yin aikin. Amma yana da kyau ba a kawo shi tiyata ba, tun da sabuntawar ƙwayar cuta a cikin marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana da hankali sosai kuma yana da muni fiye da na talakawa.

Lokacin da zurfin fashewar marasa warkarwa ya bayyana, likitoci suna ba da mayukan shafawa na musamman, balms, lotions, shafawa, wanka, damfara ga marasa lafiya:

• man fetur na jellymoisturizing, disinfecting, softness fata. Amfani da wannan samfurin kullun bayan wanka mai zafi yana ba ku damar warkad da fasa a cikin ƙafa,
• fir balm - Kyakkyawan kayan aiki don warkar da raunuka mai zurfi. Kowane yanki yana jujjuya kowane yanki tare da su, kuma an sanya swab auduga a saman,
• paraffin damfara yi da narke karamin paraffin a cikin wanka na ruwa. Bayan yayi sanyi, ana amfani dashi a yankin da abun ya shafa, kuma ana sanya safa mai tsabta a saman.

Tare da gangrene, ana amfani da hanyar tiyata sau da yawa, yana haifar da asarar iya aiki da rashin ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, a farkon alamun cutar haɗari, ya zama dole a ɗauki duk matakan da suka yiwu don kawar da shi.

Ciwon sukari na rigakafin cutar siga

Don hana raunin ƙafa daga haɓaka tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, dole ne a kiyaye matakan kariya masu zuwa:

• yi duk kokarin da zai rama game da cutar (sankarar mahaifa),
• sarrafa hawan jini
• saka takalma na halitta mai inganci, mai sikeli don dacewa
• yau da kullun wanke ƙafafunku kuma bincika ƙafafunku don amincin fata,
• guji kiba, wanda ke cutar da yanayin mara haƙuri sosai kuma yana haifar da haɓakar rikice-rikice masu alaƙa da kafafu,
• kada kuyi tafiya da kafafu a bainar jama'a (gidan wanka, wanka, rami, bakin teku),
• bayan yanke ƙusa, shafa yatsunsu da ƙafafunku da giya,
• a kai a kai ana ɗaukar allurai na multivitamins da chondropojectors don hana arthrosis haɗin gwiwa.

Tare da ciwon sukari, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa ya fi sauƙi don hana ci gaban rikitarwa fiye da magance su daga baya. Neman taimakon likita na lokaci-lokaci, tare da aiwatar da shawarwari da matakan kariya zasu hana mummunan sakamako da jinkirta aukuwar matsalolin da ke hade da ƙananan ƙarshen.

Tabbatar koya! Kuna tsammanin kwayoyin hana daukar ciki da insulin sune kawai hanyar da za a kula da sukari a ƙarƙashin? Ba gaskiya bane! Kuna iya tabbatar da wannan da kanku ta hanyar amfani da ... karanta ƙarin >>