Type 2 ciwon sukari > Ciwon sukari

Ta nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari mellitus (DM), likitoci yawanci suna nufin nau'in cutar cuta wanda ke faruwa saboda cin zarafin ma'amala da insulin tare da ƙwayoyin nama. Tissue insulin juriya yana haɗuwa da hyperglycemia da kuma alamun halaye masu yawa. Dangane da kididdigar, shi ne daidai nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ya shafi yawancin mutane (har zuwa 90 bisa dari) waɗanda aka ba su cikakken bincike game da wannan nau'in. Bari mu kalli abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan cutar tare, yi la'akari da alamun cututtukan ciwon sukari, hanyoyin gano asali da magani.

Tarihin likita

Yawancin alamun bayyanar cutar sankarau an san su har ma a lokacin babban masarautar Roman. To wannan cutar an sanya shi ne sakamakon matsalar rashin ruwa ta jiki. Sai kawai a cikin karni na 20, masana kimiyya da likitoci sun kusanci fahimtar asalin matsalar - take hakkin metabolism. Matsayi na farko game da wanzuwar nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari mellitus shine G. P. Himsworth a ƙarshen 40s na karni na 20 - sa’annan ne aka aza harsashin tsarin tallafi na gargajiya, wanda ya dace da wannan rana, saboda, duk da ci gaban ci gaban sashen bincike na ilimin likitanci, Har yanzu ba a gano hanyoyin ingantattun hanyoyin aiki da za a magance cutar sankara ba.

Sanadin type 2 ciwon sukari

Sabanin ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 tare da rashi na insulin, a cikin nau'in cuta na 2 na hormone yana ɓoye mai yawa, sau da yawa har ma sama da al'ada, amma a zahiri baya rage sukarin jini, tun da ƙwayoyin nama basa tsinkaye shi. Koyaya, a kan lokaci, ayyukan tsibiri na Langerans, waɗanda ke haifar da insulin gabaɗaya, a hankali yana raguwa kuma haɗarin ciwon sukari mellitus ya canza daga na biyu zuwa na farko ya ƙaru.

Magungunan zamani suna da'awar cewa nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana faruwa ne sakamakon haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta da mahimman abubuwa, yayin da yawancin kwayoyin cutar ana gano su a cikin mutanen da ke da nauyin jiki wanda ke da kiba.

Dalilai na sanadin kamuwa da cututtukan type 2, wadanda aka ba abubuwan da aka ambata, sune:

Matsalar kwayoyin. Nazarin ya nuna cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na yaran da iyayensu ba su da lafiya da masu ciwon sukari na 2 suka kamu da cuta iri ɗaya.
Kiba mai bambancin digiri. Kiba mara nauyi na haifar da juriya na insulin na jigilar nama, tare da karuwa mai yawa a cikin kaya akan fitsari.
Canjin zamani. A zahiri, a tsawon lokaci, dukkan tsokar jikin tsohuwa sannu a hankali ta sami juriya ta insulin kuma, a gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, hadarin rashin lafiya bayan shekaru 40 yana karuwa cikin hanzari, musamman a cikin mutane masu kiba.
Kwayar cuta ta kamuwa da cuta. Yawancin cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo guda biyu na iya haifar da tsarin, musamman idan sun cutar da mutum sau da yawa a shekara.
Matsalar cututtukan Pancreas. Cutar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, ciwon daji da sauran cututtuka, musamman nau'in ƙwayar cuta, suna haifar da nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu.
Damuwa da damuwa. M hali mai wahala da raunin da ke biyo baya sune ƙarin haɗarin haɗari.

Cutar Ciwon Cutar 2

Ana la'akari da alamun gargajiya na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2:

Prouse urination da ƙishirwa.
Kiba
Fata fitsari da itching.
Kayan cututtukan cututtukan fungal masu zaman kansu (musamman a cikin mata).
Mara kyau na warkar da cutarwa, raunuka da sauran lalacewar fata.
Janar na kullum malaise tare da rauni na tsoka, ciwon kai, amai.
Jin gumi mai yawa, musamman da daddare.

A cikin rashin ingantacciyar jiyya da canji na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 zuwa ga mawuyacin hali tare da faruwa na ƙarin rikice-rikice, mai haƙuri na iya nuna edema a sashin gaba, gagarumin ƙaruwa a matsin lamba, nakasawar gani, ciwon zuciya da jijiyoyin hannu, ƙarancin ɗimbin ƙusar ƙafar ƙafa, da kuma alamun bayyanar mara kyau.

Binciko

Hanyar asali don ganewar asali na ciwon sukari na 2 shine gwajin jini don sukari. An samar da shi a kan komai a ciki da safe - awanni 12 kafin gwajin ya zama dole a ƙi cin abinci, barasa, taba, kada su shiga cikin damuwa ta jiki da ƙarfi, haka kuma kar a sha magunguna kuma a sami ƙoshin lafiya. Cutar cututtukan fata na lokaci mai zurfi, harma da cututtuka da sauran matsaloli, na iya gurbata sakamakon binciken. Idan bincike ya nuna cewa abun da ke cikin glucose a cikin jini yana cikin kewayon daga 5.5 zuwa 7 mmol / l, mai haƙuri yana da matsaloli game da juriya na insulin kuma, a sakamakon haka, akwai cutar ta sankara. A ƙimar da ke saman 7 mmol / l, da alama rashin ciwon sukari yana da girma, a zahiri idan ana bin shawarwarin farko kafin gwajin.

A matsayin ƙari ga binciken da ke sama, ana yin gwaji na damuwa - nan da nan bayan ba da jini a cikin komai a ciki, ana gudanar da kashi na saba'in da biyar na glucose ga mai haƙuri kuma a cikin sa'o'i biyu a kowane minti 30 ana zub da jini don bincike tare da bincika ƙimar mafi girma. Tare da alamu a cikin kewayon 7.8-1 mmol / l, likita na iya gano cutar sankara. Sama da 11 mmol / L - yiwuwar cutar sikari.

A matsayin madadin hanyar asali, mara lafiya na iya ɗaukar gwajin jini ga haemoglobin - ya fi tsada, amma mafi daidaito kuma a zahiri mai zaman kansa da abubuwan waje na waje, kamar cin abinci / magani, aikin jiki, da sauransu. Sakamakon a tsakanin kashi 5.7-6.5 shine tuhuma game da ciwon sukari. Dabi'u sama da kashi 6.5 - tabbatar da kasancewar ciwon sukari a cikin haƙuri.

Baya ga gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun, likita ya gudanar da rarrabuwar alamomin bayyanar cututtuka na mai haƙuri (kasancewar polydipsia / polyuria da sauran alamu), kuma dole ne ya haɗu da wasu maganganu na nau'ikan daban-daban waɗanda ke haifar da hyperglycemia (duban dan tayi, ECG, Reberg's test, duban dan tayi, capillaroscopy, bincika fundus da electrolyte abun da ke cikin jini) )

Idan an tabbatar da babban binciken cutar sankara, likitan ya gano nau'in cutar - da farko, ana bincika ƙarin kumburi (gestational, sakandare, da dai sauransu), kuma idan ba su nan, ana yin gwaji don C-peptide, wanda zai nuna yanayin metabolism ko autoimmune nau'i na ciwon sukari.

Type 2 ciwon sukari

Magungunan zamani ba su san yadda za su magance gaba ɗaya irin na ciwon sukari ba. Dukkanin manyan kuma ƙarin matakan da aka ɗauka an yi niyya ne bisa al'ada metabolism metabolism, hana ci gaba da ci gaba da cutar da hana rikice-rikice da ke faruwa daga ciwon sukari.

Abincin far. Babban magani ga masu ciwon sukari shine nau'in na biyu. An haɓaka shi daban-daban ta hanyar endocrinologist a kan tushen makirci da yawa, la'akari da yanayin mai haƙuri na yanzu, tsananin ciwon sukari da sauran dalilai. Yawancin mutane da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna fama da kiba, wanda shine ainihin tushen ci gaban insulin juriya, to, likitocin zamani suna ba marasa lafiya ƙananan kayan abinci - mafi tsauri idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun kayan abinci na gargajiya (tebur mai lamba 9), amma suna ba da iyakar sakamako, har zuwa tsawon lokaci na gafartawa. .
Dosed jiki bada da kuma inganta yanayin yau da kullun na farkawa, bacci da hutawa.
Shirye-shirye. Mafi sau da yawa, ana sanya magungunan rage sukari - biguanides, sulfonylurea, PRG, thiazolidinediones. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin yanayin rikitarwa, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da inhibitors na ACE, moxonidine, fenofibrate, da statins. An wajabta insulin a matsayin adjuvant idan akwai rashin inganci na maganin gargajiya na gargajiya kuma idan akwai lalata lalata aikin kwayar beta ta tsibiri na Langerhans.
Tiyata Juyawa daga cututtukan hanji (pancreatic dasawa) a yanayin saukan samuwar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya masu fama da cutar kansa.

Jiyya tare da magunguna na jama'a

A ƙasa, an gabatar da shahararrun kuma mai lafiya don girke-girke na cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na maganin gargajiya, wanda zai taimaka wajen dawo da metabolism na al'ada, tare da rage nauyi. Koyaya, dole ne a yarda da amfanin su tare da likitanka!

Zuba daruruwan kirfa na kirfa mai tsafta tare da lita ɗaya na ruwan zãfi daga murhun. Mix sosai don minti daya kuma ƙara 150 gr. zuma. Sakamakon daidaito dole ne a zuba a cikin jirgin ruwa na opaque kuma a saka a cikin sanyi na yini guda. Sha sau biyu a rana, 200 g. tsawon sati biyu.
Daya Art. cokali biyu na bushe yankakken ganyen gyada tsami tare da rabin lita na tsabta ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin. Sanya wuta mai santsi, tafasa minti goma, sai a kwantar da ita a bar ta ta tsawon awa biyu. Iri wannan shayi "sha" a sha a cikin rabin gilashi sau da yawa a rana.
Kuna son shayi baƙar fata? Sauya shi da launin lemun tsami, yin giya a cikin teapot one tbsp. cokali biyu na kudade da shan cokali biyu a rana.
Run kilo na uku na tafarnuwa da faski Tushen ta hanyar nama tare da ƙananan ramuka. Sanya 100 grams na lemun tsami zest a cakuda sai a cakuda sosai har sai an sami sigar uniform, sai a sanya a cikin akwati mai kyau, a rufe sosai a murfi sai a bar tsawan kwanaki 14. Yi amfani da magani daya teaspoon sau biyu a rana.

Nau'in abinci mai ciwon sukari na 2

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, shine abinci wanda shine babban aikin jiyya don cututtukan type 2. Yana da mahimmanci musamman tare da cututtukan haɗuwa da kiba, a matsayin babban abu mara kyau wanda ke tsokanar juriya a cikin insulin. Duk da gaskiyar cewa kayan abinci na gargajiya na karni na 20 koyaushe suna ba da shawarar daidaitaccen tsarin cin abinci don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, likitocin zamani sun karkata zuwa ga wani nau'in abincin da ke da ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙare, wanda ba kawai rage adadin glucose da ke shiga jiki ba, amma yana taimakawa hanzarta yin tasiri sosai don magance kiba. Haka ne, ya fi tsauri, amma sakamakon ya fi inganci na “tebur 9” wanda ya zo mana daga 70s na karni na karshe!

Abincin low-carb yana ba da cikakken wariyar abin da ake kira carbohydrates mai sauƙi, wanda aka canza shi cikin glucose kuma idan ba a cinye shi da mai ba. A wannan yanayin, babban mahimmanci shine abincin abinci.

Duk nau'ikan nama, namomin kaza, qwai, kayan lambu (ban da wake, Peas, dankali, masara, wake, lentil da zaituni da zaituni), kwayoyi tare da tsaba, samfuran kiba mai ƙaran gaske, buckwheat da launin ruwan kasa / shinkafa / baƙar fata baki ana haɗa su cikin jerin samfuran abinci da aka yarda da su. kazalika da ɗan adadin 'ya'yan itace (ban da inabi da ayaba).

Sweets da kek, sukari, kowane irin burodi, abinci mai ƙanshi, maras kyau, sausages tare da sausages, juices tare da compotes da kowane irin abin sha, barasa, mayonnaise tare da ketchup da biredi (mai), da taliya akan tushen sitaci, an haramta su sosai. dankali, shinkafa fari, da sauransu.

Sauran nau'ikan samfuran da ba a nuna a sama ba za a iya cinye su a cikin adadi kaɗan, da aka ba da adadin kuzari da sauran sigogi gwargwadon teburin guraben gurasa na musamman.

A bu mai kyau ga tururi ko gasa jita a cikin tanda, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, yi amfani da mai dafa mai jinkirin. Soya - tare da ƙaramin adadin man kayan lambu, yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da asalin irin dabbobin maɓallin kirim. Wajibi ne a ci abinci kaɗan, watsewar abincin yau da kullun zuwa akalla abinci huɗu.

Tsarin menu na mako guda tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Mun kawo muku bayanin daidaitaccen menu na kwanaki 7. Ana iya canza jita-jita daban-daban a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu yarda da yin la'akari da girman yanki / adadin kuzari.

Litinin. Za mu yi karin kumallo tare da gram ɗari biyu na gida cuku, ƙaramin apple da kuma kofi mara nauyi. Muna cin abincin rana tare da kifi da abinci mai gasa - a cikin jimlar ba su wuce gram 250 ba. Yi abincin ciye-ciye na yamma tare da ɗan ƙaramin orange, kuma ku ci abincin dare tare da karamin farantin buckwheat tare da yanki na naman sa.
Talata. Za mu karin kumallo tare da omelet daga ƙwai biyu a cikin madara kashi 2.5, da apple da shayi ba tare da sukari ba. Abincin dare 200 grams na stewed naman sa da kwano na salatin na kore kayan lambu. Muna da maraice mara rana, yogurt na halitta ba tare da tushe ba daga berries. Don abincin dare - miyan naman kaza.
Laraba. Don karin kumallo - 100 grams na cuku Lafiya, avocado ɗaya da kofi ba tare da sukari ba. Don abincin rana - miya tare da broth mai ƙarancin mai tare da gram 100 na kaza da aka dafa. A tsakiyar yamma - karamin ɗan pear. Don abincin dare - farantin launin ruwan kasa shinkafa da yanki na gasa mai gasa.
Alhamis. Za mu sami karamin farantin abinci na buckwheat tare da madara. Muna da abincin rana tare da gram 250 na turkey dafaffen kayan lambu. Yi gilashin rana na kefir. Abincin dare stewed kabeji da nama.
Juma'a. Muna da karin kumallo tare da salatin kayan lambu tare da qwai biyu da aka dafa da shayi marasa shayi. Muna cin abincin rana tare da guntun gram 200 na naman alade da salatin kabeji tare da ganye. Yi abincin rana da rana tare da kananan apples biyu. Abincin dare 150 grams na Boiled kifi.
Asabar. Za mu sami farantin gida cuku da baƙar fata ba tare da kirim da sukari ba. Muna cin abincin rana tare da miyan naman kaza. A ci abincin rana da rana tare da kowane ɗan 'ya'yan itace da aka yarda. Abincin dare 150 grams na kaza, yafa masa grated cuku tare da salatin kayan lambu.
Lahadi. Don karin kumallo - omelet daga qwai biyu tare da namomin kaza stewed da gilashin shayi ba tare da sukari ba. Don abincin rana - salatin abincin teku, kabeji da ganye, har da gram 100 na naman gasa. Abun ciye-ciye guda ɗaya. Abincin dare - farantin kayan lambu miya, 100 grams na gasa turkey da 50 grams na cuku mai wuya.