Glycated (glycosylated) haemoglobin

Hemoglobin a cikin jini yana shafar yanayin lafiyar ɗan adam, matakin aikinta.

A yayin aiwatar da dogon lokaci na haemoglobin tare da glucose, an kirkiro wani fili, wanda ake kira da glycated haemoglobin. Yana da mahimmanci sosai cewa al'adarsa ba ta ƙare da alamun da aka kafa ba.

Bayan haka, adadin sa yana ba ka damar sanin ainihin matakin glucose a cikin jini. Sabili da haka, sakamakon bincike don hawan jini ya zama alama mai mahimmanci. Dole ne a yi la’akari da shi yayin da ake zargi da cutar siga.

Adadin gemoclobin cikin jini a cikin maza zuwa zamani

Don sanin matakin haemoglobin a cikin jini, dole ne mai haƙuri ya ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun bincike na musamman.

An bincika kayan ilimin halitta a wannan yanayin a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Idan mai haƙuri yana da wata cuta ta gabobin ciki, waɗannan alamomin za a iya yin tazar-kazar, ko kuma, bi da bi, marasa ƙima.

Halin da ke cikin haemoglobin na glycated a cikin wakilan masu yin jima'i mai ƙarfi ya kasance daga giram 135 a kowace lita. Koyaya, mafi kyawun alamun ƙididdigar sun bambanta dangane da shekarun mutumin.

Tebur na al'ada na HbA1c a cikin maza ta zamani:

Masana sun tabbata cewa bayan shekaru 40, kowane mutum yakamata ya yi gwaji don tattara glucose a cikin jini. Gaskiyar ita ce, a wannan zamanin, maza da yawa suna da nauyi mai yawa.

An san shi shine tushen sanadin ciwon sukari. Dangane da haka, da zarar an gano wata cuta, za a ci nasarar maganin.

Idan aka kwatanta da nazarin kimiyyar halittu na gargajiya, bincike akan HbA1c yana da fa'idodi masu yawa, sune:

• yanayin tunanin mutum ko yanayinsa na mara lafiya ba ya tasiri daidai da sakamakon,
• Ana iya amfani da bincike a kowane lokaci na rana, koda bayan cin abinci. Koyaya, akan komai a ciki, yana yiwuwa a sami ƙarin sakamakon daidai,
• wannan ita ce hanyar da za ta ba ka damar gano matakan farko na ciwon sukari. A saboda haka wajibi ne a yi aiki.

Bugu da ƙari, kafin bayar da gudummawar jini, mai haƙuri ba dole ba ne ya ƙi ɗaukar magungunan da suka cancanta da ake ci gaba da aiki akai-akai. Wadannan dalilai suna nuna cewa irin wannan bincike ba ya buƙatar shiri na musamman.

Hanyar samin jini ba ta da ciwo. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana ɗaukar kayan daga jijiya. Tsarin yana ɗaukar minti 5-10.

Wadanne alamomi ne ake ganin na al'ada ga masu ciwon suga?

Idan mai nuna alamar yana a matakin 5.7-6%, wannan yana nuna ƙaramar haɗarin ciwan sukari. Ikon wannan alamar yakamata a gudanar da shi a kalla sau 1-3 a shekara.

Mai nuna alama wanda ya kai 6.5% yana nuna cewa yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar siga tana ƙaruwa.

A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar manne wa tsarin abinci. Yana ɗaukar nauyin mafi yawan adadin carbohydrates. A farkon farkon maganin cutar siga, ya kamata a kula da mai nuna alama a kowane watanni 3.

Masu ciwon sukari masu dauke da cutar HbA1c wadanda basu wuce 7% na dogon lokaci za'a iya gwajin su duka watanni shida. Wannan ya isa don gano karkatarwar a cikin lokaci kuma kuyi gyara da ya cancanta a tsarin kulawa.

Menene haɗarin karkatar da mai nuna alama daga ɗabi'a?

Binciken da aka ƙaddara shi ne ƙaddara ainihin mai nuna alama. Zai iya dacewa da al'ada ko ya zama mafi girma, a ƙasa mafi ƙimar inganci.

Ga lafiyayyen mutum, haɓakar hemoglobin yana da haɗari sosai ga haɗarin kamuwa da nau'in 1 ko nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.

Saboda haka, idan likita yana zargin yiwuwar kamuwa da wannan cutar, mai haƙuri dole ne ya ƙaddamar da irin wannan bincike. Dangane da sakamakon, likitan ya yanke shawara kuma, idan ya cancanta, ya haɓaka tsarin aikin jiyya.

A cikin taron cewa sakamakon bincike yana nuna karuwa a cikin matakin HbA1c na wani muhimmin lokaci, likita ya binciki cutar sankarar mellitus. Kamar yadda kuka sani, irin wannan ciwo yana buƙatar tilas da kuma isasshen magani, tare da bin umarnin likitan, tsayayyen abincin.

Ya kamata a lura cewa babban matakin haemoglobin mai tsayi yana da kusan alamace ta ciwon suga.

Hakanan karin nuna alama na iya faruwa a waɗannan halaye masu zuwa:

• tare da gazawar koda,
• idan akwai maye,
• bayan tiyata (musamman ma sau da yawa - lokacin cire maganin).

Idan mai haƙuri bayan wuce wannan bincike akwai ɗan ƙarami a cikin mai nuna alama, to lallai ne a gudanar da irin wannan jarrabawar a kai a kai.

A wasu halaye, marasa lafiya suna da ƙananan matakin HbA1c a cikin jini.

Ana lura da ƙananan matakan HbA1c saboda waɗannan dalilai:

• ranar da aka yi ta zubar da jini
• haƙuri haƙuri da hemolytic cuta,
• an sami babbar asarar jini sakamakon aikin tiyata, babban rauni.

A irin waɗannan halayen, namiji za a yi masa wasiyya mai kulawa ta musamman. Bayan wani lokaci, wannan alamar ta koma al'ada.

Idan alamun za su kasance a ƙasa da ingantaccen matakin, gajiya cikin sauri, da hangen nesa mai saurin raguwa, wataƙila.

Asedarin mai saurin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan cuta wata alama ce da ke iya faruwa ta hanyar raguwa cikin mahimmancin alama (mai haɗari ga lafiyar gaba ɗaya).

Lokaci mai yawa don sauya bincike ba a buƙata. Istswararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna da'awar cewa wasu dalilai suna tasiri ga sakamakon nazarin sukari mai narkewa.

Wannan na iya haɗawa da haƙuri mai nauyi, har ma da shekarunsa, ƙara yawan motsa jiki.

Bidiyo masu alaƙa

Game da gwajin jini don glycated haemoglobin a cikin bidiyo:

Gwaji don daidai matakin glycated haemoglobin an bada shawarar a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje tare da suna mai kyau. Ba duk asibitocin jihohi suke da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don ingantaccen bincike ba.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an shirya sakamakon a cikin kwanaki 3. Decwararren bayanin da aka karɓa dole ne ya zama mai ƙwarewar likita ne ya gudanar da shi. A wannan yanayin, ciwon kai da magani ba a yarda da su ba.

• Yana daidaita matakan sukari na dogon lokaci
• Maido da aikin samarda insulin

Karin bayani. Ba magani bane. ->

Menene glycogemoglobin?

Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayoyin sel ja ko kuma jajayen ƙwayoyin jini shine sunadarin haemoglobin. Yana da alhakin motsi na oxygen zuwa ga gabobin da kasusuwa, sannan kuma yana cire dioxide na jiki.

Idan ya shiga cikin sukari ta hanyar meryrane na erythrocyte, huldarsa da amino acid fara, wanda sakamakonsa ya faru, a ƙarshen abin da glycated protein na haemoglobin ya bayyana.

Samun mallakar kwanciyar hankali, lokacin da ke cikin jan jikin, haemoglobin alamu ne na yau da kullun (watanni 3-4). Bayan watanni hudu da yin aiki, waɗannan sunadarai suna lalata a cikin maganin.

Tare da su, glycated haemoglobin shima ya lalata. Bilara, bilirubin, wanda samfuri ne na rushewar haemoglobin, baya haɗuwa da glucose.

Ana kula da matakan HbA1c a cikin mutane masu lafiya da waɗanda ke fama da ciwon sukari. A cikin marasa lafiya masu lafiya, ana kulawa dashi don rigakafin, da kuma gano farkon ciwon sukari, kuma a cikin marasa lafiya don sarrafa matakan sukari na jini.

Gwajin gwajin jini na glycated daidai yake. Sakamakon shine sukari matakin na watanni 3 na ƙarshe a matsayin kashi. Wadannan sakamakon suna taimaka wajan gano farkon ciwan sukari, tun kafin bayyanar cututtuka.

Likitoci suna amfani da HbA1c a matsayin alama wanda ke nuna mutanen da ke da damar haɗarin ci gaba da nauyin kaya a cikin ciwon sukari.

Dogaro ne da ci gaban rikice-rikice na tsufa ke cikin tebur da ke ƙasa (Table 1):

Tebur 1

An kuma bambanta nau'ikan glycogemoglobin guda uku:

Amma a cikin magungunan zamani, a lokuta da yawa, shi ne HbA1c da ake amfani dashi, wanda yake nuna alama ce ta al'ada ta metabolism metabolism kuma ya wuce adadin al'ada, a babban taro na glucose.

Waɗanne matakan glycogemoglobin ake ɗauka na al'ada ne?

A cikin sakamakon gwajin gwajin, glycated haemoglobin index yana bayyana azaman kashi. Iyakokin daidaitattun abubuwa sun haɗu daga 4 zuwa 6%. A kan iyakoki tsakanin iyakoki na yau da kullun, akwai kyakkyawan metabolism na metabolism da ƙananan haɗarin ci gaban ciwon sukari.

Idan alamu sun wuce sama da 6.5%, haɗarin ciwon sukari yana ƙaruwa.

Idan iyakar glycogemoglobin ta fi kashi 7 cikin ɗari, wannan yana nuna karuwar akai-akai a yawan sukari, wanda ke nuna ciwon sukari mellitus.

Glycated haemoglobin, al'ada ga masu ciwon sukari

Al'ada ga maza

Rarraba yanayin daidaituwa na maza yana da ɗanɗuwa fiye da na mata. Duk yana dogara da shekarun batun..

Manuniya na yau da kullun na maza an tattauna a ƙasa (Table 2):

Tebur 2

Al'ada ga mata

Iyakantaccen iyaka na haemoglobin na mata yayi kadan kadan fiye da na maza.

Dokokin da aka yarda dasu gaba ɗaya ana nuna su a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa (Table 3):

Tebur 3

Idan alamar ta wuce cikin 7%, ci gaban hypoglycemia yana yiwuwa.

Norms ga yara

Iyakokin iyakokin sukari, a cikin yara, sun dace da manya, kuma sun haɗu daga 4 zuwa 6.

Lokacin yin rajistar ciwon sukari a farkon shekarunsa, a hankali kula da hawa da sauka a cikin iyakokin glycated haemoglobin.

A cikin yara masu fama da ciwon sukari, yanayin yana gudana kimanin 6.5.

Norms a cikin mata masu juna biyu

A lokacin haihuwar jariri, a jikin mahaifiyar mai tsammani akwai ingantaccen maimaitawa. Canje-canje ya shafi alamun sukari.

A lokacin haihuwar yaro, ƙa'idar ta fi ta al'ada, amma ba yanayin cutar ba ce:

Game da cin zarafin ƙimar glycogemoglobin zuwa ga mafi girma, wannan yana faɗi game da girman nauyin da ba a haife shi ba (fiye da kilo 4) da kuma tsananin girman haihuwar nan gaba.

Lokacin da matakin ya yi ƙasa zuwa raguwa a cikin alamun, ƙaramin jijiyoyin jiki tare da baƙin ƙarfe ke nunawa, da kuma yiwuwar keɓaɓɓen ci gaban ɗan da ba a haife shi ba. A irin waɗannan yanayi, suna ba da shawarar cin karin sabo kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, gami da yawan tafiya a cikin iska mai tsabta da barin halaye marasa kyau.

Duk shawarwarin da aka bayar don nishaɗin abinci da salon rayuwa likita ne suka tsara shi.

Ka'idodin ciwon sukari

Binciken don haemoglobin da aka bayar yana ba kawai don bincikar cutar sankara ba, har ma don ci gaba da sarrafawa. Babban manufofin binciken, a cikin ciwon sukari shine don sarrafa matakan glucose da daidaita matakan magunguna. Ka'ida, tare da ciwon sukari, yawanci kusan kashi 8 cikin dari.

Wannan matakin yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar haƙuri, wanda ake amfani dashi ga irin wannan iyakoki. Ya kamata matashi mai tasowa yayi ƙoƙari don nuna alama na 6.5 bisa dari don hana damar samun haɗari.

An nuna matsayin mutane na fama da cutar a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa (Table 4):

Tebur 4

Raguwar raguwar haemoglobin shima yana da haɗari. Tare da irin wannan raguwa, rikice-rikice suna faruwa a cikin tasoshin idanu da kodan. Alamun al'ada don raguwa a cikin glycogemoglobin ana ɗauka su kasance daga kashi ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da rabi a shekara.

Mene ne hawan jini?

Wani nau'i na haemoglobin, wanda aka yadu a adadi mai yawa a cikin jarirai har zuwa wata ɗaya na rayuwa. Babban bambancin da yake da shi daga gemoclobin mutum na manya shine babban aikinsa na iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen.

Wannan nau'in haemoglobin na iya shafar sakamakon ƙarshe. Tare da karuwa a cikin jijiyar oxygen oxygen, tafiyar matakai na hada hada abu da hanzari, wanda ke haifar da rushewar carbohydrates a cikin gajeren lokaci.

Wannan yana rinjayar aikin ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwaƙwalwar insulin, kuma, sakamakon hakan, alamomin glycogemoglobin.

Na al'ada da glycated haemoglobin

Wadanne dalilai ne ke haifar da karkacewa daga dabi'ar?

Baya ga ciwon sukari, wasu yanayi na jiki suna shafar karkacewar gemoclobin glycated.

Daga cikinsu akwai:

• A cikin marasa lafiyar da suka cire cutar,
• Tare da rashin ƙarfe a cikin jiki,
• Babban haemoglobin na cikin jarirai.

Bayanai game da yanayin jikin mutum akan lokaci da kansu sun zo al'ada.

Game da rikodin haemoglobin low glycated, waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya kasancewa suna haɗa hannu:

• Redarancin farin jini na sel (anemia),
• Zubar da jini wanda ke rage matakan furotin
• Tare da zubar da jini, raguwa a cikin glycated haemoglobin na iya faruwa,
• Ragewa a cikin taro glucose jini,
• Amfani da yawan amfani da allunan-sukari masu rage sukari
• Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta
• Babban aiki na jiki,
• Adrenal kasawa,
• Dietarancin abinci mai narkewa a jiki.

Hakanan, tare da matakan glycohemoglobin wanda kasa da kashi 4, ana iya yin rikodin alamun hypoglycemia. Dalilin haka na iya zama ciwan kumburin ciki.

Bayyanar cututtuka na hawan jini mai narkewa

Tuhuma da haɓaka ko ƙarancin iyakokin hemoglobin ana tantance su ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka masu zuwa:

• M ƙishirwa
• Gajiya, rauni mai ƙarfi na jiki,
• Rigakafin rigakafi,
• M urination
• Saurin nauyi mai nauyi
• Yanke gani.

Kowane ɗayan alamun da ke sama zai sa likita yayi tunani game da gwajin jini, tare da canje-canjen da ake zargi a cikin glycogemoglobin.

Yaya za a dawo da iyakokin al'ada na glycogemoglobin?

Game da karkacewar sakamakon gwaji daga dabi'un, ya kamata ka fara neman shawarar likita.

Babban shawarwarin don haɓaka matakin haemoglobin na yau da kullun sune kamar haka:

Ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kayan marmari ya kamata a haɗa su a cikin abincin. Musamman shawarar shine amfani da ayaba, har ma da kayan ƙwari. Don wadatar da kalsiya da bitamin D, kuna buƙatar amfani da madara, kefir, yogurt da cuku mai-mai-kitse. Ana kuma bayar da shawarar kifin mai mai yawa (kifin salmon, mackerel, da sauransu) da kwayoyi daban-daban. Waɗannan samfuran suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga samar da insulin.

Likitoci sun bada shawarar cin rabin cokalin kirfa a rana. Kuma don ware samfuran da ke shafar hauhawar sukari - mai-mai-mai-mai-yawan abinci mai-mai da yawa, kayan kwalliya.

Dokar mai sauƙin amfani: mafi yawan aiki, kusa da matakin gemoclobin glycated zuwa al'ada.

Yin wasanni. Har zuwa minti talatin a rana ana bada shawarar kasaftawa don motsa jiki.

Wannan yana da tasiri saboda aikin zuciya yana haɓaka, nauyi yana raguwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin glycogemoglobin.

Guji damuwa. Damuwar damuwa, tashin hankali, da damuwa suna haifar da hauhawar matakan hawan jini.

Suna mummunar cutar da aikin zuciya, wanda ke haifar da karuwa cikin aiki. Dole ne a guji abubuwan da ba su dace ba da kuma mummunan tasiri na tunanin mutum.

Ta yaya zaka iya sarrafa matakan glycogemoglobin kanka?

Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari suna buƙatar saka idanu akan matakan sukari na jini da kansu.Sakamakon zai iya nuna ƙarancin yanayi, ko na yau da kullun, ko ƙima, don sanin yadda tasiri insulin yake, da taimako wajen daidaita allurai.

Eterayyade matakin glucose a gida ta amfani da na'urar glucometer. Dukansu likitocin da ke halartar da kuma mai ba da shawara a cikin kantin magani na iya zaɓar samfurin da ya dace. Glucometers suna da sauƙin amfani.

Akwai wasu ka'idodi don sarrafa sukari:

• Dole ne a kula da shafin shinge tare da maganin rigakafi, don guje wa ƙwayoyin cuta
• Akwai samfurin-binciken jini ko atomatik, duk ya dogara da zaɓaɓɓen samfurin,
• Adana kayan aikin ya zama bisa ga umarnin. Babu lalacewa
• Ana amfani da digo na jinin da aka samo akan tsiri mai nuna alama,
• Sakamakon yana bayyana akan allo bayan 5-10 seconds.

Likitocin da ke halartar sun tsayar da mitar don auna glucose a gida. Ya dogara da nau'in ciwon sukari. A nau'in farko na ciwon sukari, ana yin awo har sau 4 a rana, kuma a nau'in na biyu - sau 2.

Matsakaicin glycated haemoglobin da glucose.

Yadda za a shirya don bincike?

Kuna iya yin hayar shi ba tare da la'akari da lokaci na rana ba. Amma shawarwari don ƙaddamar da bincike sune samfurin jini da safe. Ba ya buƙatar shirye-shiryen rikitarwa.

Iyakar abin da yanayin shine cewa ba kwa buƙatar ɗaukar nauyin jikinku kafin wucewa cikin bincike.

Akwai jerin shawarwari don nazarin yanayin lokacin:

• Ga mutane masu lafiya, gwajin ya kamata ya faru sau ɗaya a kowace shekara,
• Ana ba da gudummawar jini kowace shekara tare da sakamakon da ya gabata na 5.8 zuwa 6.5,
• Kowane watanni shida - tare da sakamako na 7 bisa dari,
• Idan glycated haemoglobin ba ta kulawa da kyau, to alamun abubuwan bayarwa sun kasance sau ɗaya a kowane watanni.

Sakamakon binciken bai shafi komai ba:

• Abinci
• Shan giya
• Transferredaukar nauyin damuwa daga baya
• Kasancewar sanyi ko cuta ta kwalara a lokacin isarwa.

Ribobi da Cons na Bincike

Fahimtar mahimmancin nazarin glycogemoglobin, lallai ne ku san kyawawan halaye da marasa kyau na binciken.

Fa'idodin wannan binciken sun haɗa da:

• Ana iya aiwatar da shi a kowane lokaci na rana,
• Lokacin binciken sauri,
• Bayyana daidai alamun da ke nuna alamun cutar sankarau,
• Rashin damuwa, sanyi, karkacewa daga abincin da kuma amfani da magunguna ba sa shafar sakamakon ƙarshe na binciken,
• Binciken glucose, a cikin kwanakin 90 da suka gabata, yana ba da damar sarrafa yadda mai haƙuri yake bin abincin da yake shan magunguna.

Babban kasashancin binciken dake tattare da cutar haemoglobin sune kamar haka:

• Glycogemoglobin gwajin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin kowane dakin gwaje-gwaje,
• Babban farashin jarrabawa,
• Daidaitattun alamu na iya shafar dalilai kamar ƙarancin hormonal,
• Abubuwan abinci tare da babban taro na bitamin C da E suna shafar karkacewa cikin sakamakon,
• Cutar hauka da haemoglobinopathy suma suna canza sakamakon (cin zarafin tsarin sinadarin haemoglobin, yana haifar da karkacewa cikin ayyukan motsin oxygen a cikin jiki).

Daga ina jini yake fitowa don bincike?

Oye abu na kayan halitta zuwa gemoclobin glycated, ana iya yin shinge ba kawai daga yatsa ba, har ma daga jijiya. Wurin da yake tattara jinin za'a tabbatar dashi gwargwadon mai nazarin. Kashegari, yawanci zaka ɗauki sakamakon.

Wadannan na iya shafar sakamakon karya:

• Amfani da hadaddun bitamin E da C,
• Kasancewar cututtukan thyroid,
• Cutar amai da gudawa

Hasashen kwararru

Tare da gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi na yau da kullun, yana yiwuwa a tuhumar cutar a farkon matakin da kuma warkar da ita tare da kyakkyawan magani. Mutanen da ke fama da tasirin haemoglobin suna buƙatar lura da matakan glucose a hankali.

Idan babu maganin, ana iya haifar da hyperglycemia (hawan jini) da kuma hypoglycemia (low).

Tare da babban matakin glucose, ciwon sukari shine mafi yawan nauyin, kuma sa ido a kan kullun ya zama dole. Rashin rikice-rikice na rigakafi, gazawar wurare dabam dabam a cikin kyallen da tsarin motsa jiki da ke motsa jiki a cikin jiki mai yiwuwa ne.

Dangane da ƙimar glucose mai ƙaranci, ba tare da ingantaccen magani ba, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin bugun zuciya, raunin hankali, jin yunwa kullun. Ightsa'idodin nauyi masu haɗari sune asarar hankali da ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa.

Idan an gano alamu ko rashin lafiyar glycogemoglobin a cikin sakamakon gwajin gwaji, ya kamata ka tuntuɓi kwararrun likita don bincike.

Kada ku sami magani da kanku kuma ku kasance lafiya.