Tsarin sukari na jini a cikin yaro na shekaru 7: tebur

Don gano yadda ginin endocrine a jikin yaro yake, ana yin gwajin jini don sukari. Mafi sau da yawa, ana ba da irin wannan bincike don zargin cutar sankarar fata.

A cikin yara, yawancin cututtukan da ke dogara da wannan cutar ana samun su akai-akai. Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari ya danganta da cututtuka tare da yanayin gado. Ba ya faruwa a cikin dukkan yara, har ma da dangi tare da ciwon sukari.

Abinda ke haifar dashi na iya zama kamuwa da cuta ta kwayar cuta, damuwa, cutar hanta, magunguna, abubuwa masu guba a abinci, canjin farko daga madara nono zuwa ciyarwar mutum. Bayyanar cutar sankara ta farko tana baka damar fara jiyya a kan lokaci kuma ka guji rikicewa.

Yaya glucose ya shiga cikin jini?

Glucose mai sauƙin carbohydrate ne kuma ana samun shi a cikin tsarkakakken abinci a cikin abinci, da yawa a cikin inabi, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu bushe, zuma. Daga cikin waɗannan, yana fara shiga cikin jini, yana farawa da mucous membrane na bakin ciki.

A cikin abinci, za'a iya samun fructose, sucrose da galactose, waɗanda a ƙarƙashin rinjayar enzymes suka zama glucose da hadaddun, mahaɗan sitaci, waɗanda a ƙarƙashin rinjayar amylase suka rushe zuwa kwayoyin glucose.

Saboda haka, duk carbohydrates waɗanda ke zuwa tare da karuwar abinci mai haɓaka. Wannan hanyar glucose ana kiranta waje. Don matsananciyar yunwar, babban aiki na jiki, ko abinci mai ƙarancin carb, ana iya samun glucose da farko daga shagunan glycogen a cikin hanta ko ƙwayoyin tsoka. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauri.

Bayan an gama glycogen ajiyar glycogen, aikin glucose daga amino acid, fats da lactate sun fara a cikin hanta.

Wadannan halayen halittar sunadarai sun daɗe, amma kuma suna iya ƙara yawan sukarin jini na lokaci.

Tissue glucose uptake

Hanyoyin samar da glucose a cikin jiki yana motsawa ta hanyar kwayoyin damuwa - cortisol, adrenaline, hormone girma da glucagon. Halin glandar thyroid da kwayoyin halittar jima'i suma suna yin tasiri akan wannan kayan.

Jiki kawai wanda zai iya rage sukarin jini ta hanyar taimakawa sel samun shi don makamashi shine insulin. An haɗa shi da kullun al'ada a cikin adadi kaɗan, yana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar glucose daga hanta. Babban mai karfafa motsa jikin sa shine karuwa a matakan glucose din jini.

Bayan cin abinci, lokacin da carbohydrates suka shiga cikin jini, insulin ya ɗauka wa masu karɓa a farfaɗo sel kuma ya wuce ƙwayoyin glucose ta ƙwayoyin sel. Glycolysis halayen yana faruwa a cikin sel tare da samuwar adenosine triphosphoric acid - babban man na jikin.

Abubuwan insulin sun bayyana ta wannan hanyar:

• Yana jigilar glucose, potassium, amino acid da magnesium a cikin tantanin halitta.
• Yana inganta canzawar glucose zuwa ATP.
• Tare da wuce haddi na glucose, yana samar da ajiya a cikin nau'i na glycogen.
• Yana hana shigowar glucose cikin jini daga hanta da tsokoki.
• Yana ƙarfafa samuwar sunadarai da mai, yana hana lalata su.

Ciwon sukari mellitus yana haɓaka saboda gaskiyar cewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar halakar kansa na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, rashi na insulin a cikin jiki. Wannan shi ne na hali don nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, yana shafar yara, matasa, matasa.

Nau'in cuta ta biyu tana faruwa tare da rikicewar damuwa ga hormone. Insulin na iya isa, amma sel ba su amsa ba. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa juriya da insulin.

Yawanci, ana gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin tsofaffi waɗanda ke da kiba mai yawa, amma kwanan nan ya zama mafi yawan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a tsakanin yara 7-13 shekara.

Guban jini

Matsayi na glycemia a cikin yara yana canzawa yayin da yake girma, ga jariri mai shekara ɗaya yana tsakanin 2.8-4.4 mmol / l, to yakan tashi zuwa shekaru 2-3, ƙudurin sukari na jini a cikin yara 'yan shekaru 7 shine yawan ƙwayar glucose na 3.3-5.5 mmol / l.

Don gudanar da binciken, dole ne yaron ya zo don bincike bayan hutu na sa'o'i 8 a cikin abincin. Kafin binciken, ba za ku iya goge haƙoranku ba, shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko shayi, kofi. Idan an tsara magunguna, to, ana soke su cikin yarda da likitan yara.

Lafiya mai ƙoshin jini a cikin jini da rashin bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na iya kasancewa a cikin yara masu lafiya, amma idan akwai tsinkayar gado, likita na iya tura ku don ƙarin bincike. Ana yin gwajin haƙuri a cikin glucose don gano yadda ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta amsawa yayin cin abinci.

A lokacin ƙuruciya, an nuna cewa:

1. Don tantance latent ko wuce ciwon sukari.
2. A gaban kiba.
3. Akwai raguwa mai kaifi a cikin jijiyar gani.
4. Akai-akai na sanyi.
5. Rage nauyi tare da abinci na yau da kullun.
6. Wani mummunan nau'in furunlera ko kuraje.

Gwajin shine cewa yaro ya ɗauki maganin glucose a cikin nauyin 1.75 g a kilo kilogram na nauyin jiki. Ana yin awo sau biyu: akan komai a ciki da sa'o'i biyu bayan motsa jiki. Ana la'akari da dabi'un yara idan bayan awanni 2 sukari yana ƙasa da 7.8 mmol / l.

Idan akwai ciwon sukari, to wannan adadi ya wuce 11.1 mmol / L. Ana daukar adadi na matsakaici azaman yanayin masu fama da cutar siga.

Rage sukari na jini a cikin yara

Sugararancin sukari na jini haɗari ne ga haɓakar jikin yaron, har ma da babba. Yara a lokacin haɓaka suna fuskantar ƙaruwar bukatar glucose. Rashin ƙarancinsa yana rage aiki da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa; yaro ba zai iya haɓaka ta jiki da ta tunani ba.

Hypoglycemia yana shafar jarirai tare da haihuwa, haihuwa daga mahaifiya wacce take da nau'in ciwon sukari irin na 1, asmaxi sakamakon matsi tare da igiyar cibiyar, da sauran raunin haihuwa. Tunda hannun jari na glycogen a cikin jikin yarinyar suna ƙasa da na manya, ya kamata yara su ci sau da yawa don hana raguwar sukarin jini.

Bayyanar cututtukan hypoglycemia a cikin yara na iya zama na ɗan lokaci: tashin hankali, pallor na fata, rauni. Akwai karuwar ci, gumi da ringin rawar jiki, yawan bugun zuciya. Bayan cin abinci, waɗannan alamomin na iya ɓacewa, amma idan sanadin rage ƙwayar sukari mai mahimmanci ne, to hanawa, amai, asarar hankali, cramps da coma.

Dalilin da ya fi haifar da yanayin hypoglycemic shine yawan wuce haddi na insulin a cikin lura da ciwon sukari. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan matakan glucose suna faruwa tare da irin waɗannan cututtukan:

• Ciwon hanta na kullum.
• Tumor tafiyar matakai.
• Guba.
• Pitarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ko aikin gland shine yake aiki.
• Hypothyroidism
• Maganin cututtukan ciki na ciki.

Hyperglycemia a yara

Yawan sukarin jini yana faruwa tare da karancin insulin, haɓakar aikin thyroid, hauhawar adrenal gland shine yake aiki ko glandon pituitary. Yara masu lafiya suna iya samun ƙaruwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci a sukari tare da motsin rai mai ƙarfi, damuwa ta jiki ko ta hankali. Shan magungunan da ke kunshe da kwayoyin cuta, na diuretics suna haifar da hauhawar jini.

Abinda ya fi haifar da cutar hawan jini shine cutar sankara. A cikin ƙuruciya, yakan faru ba zato ba tsammani kuma a cikin nau'i mai tsanani. Don gano ciwon sukari, karuwa a cikin glycemia na azumi a sama da 6.1 ana la'akari da shi, kuma bayan cin abinci ko tare da yanke shawara na sukari - fiye da 11.1 mmol / l.

Bayyanar cutar sankarau da farko na iya hana ci gaban m rikice-rikice kuma yana taimakawa mafi kyawun bayyanar cutar. Sabili da haka, a farkon alamun, kuna buƙatar yin cikakken jarrabawa da wuri-wuri.

1. M kishi, ciki har da dare.
2. Yawancin urination da yawan kuzari, enuresis.
3. Rage nauyi tare da abinci mai kyau da kuma ƙoshin abinci.
4. Yara ba sa iya yin tsayayya a tsakanin abinci.
5. Bayan cin abinci, rauni yana ƙaruwa.
6. Itching na fata, musamman ma a cikin perineum.
7. Akai-akai na sanyi da cututtuka.
8. Candidiasis na fata da ƙwayoyin mucous.

Idan ba a yi bayyanar cutar a kan lokaci ba, to rashin insulin na iya haifar da ci gaba na yanayin ketoacidotic, wanda ke tattare da karuwa da rauni, ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya da amai, bayyanar ƙamshi na acetone daga bakin, asarar ci gaba na hankali tare da ci gaban ketoacidotic coma.

Abinda ke nuna alamun glycemia na al'ada zai gaya wa masana a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.