Rukunin allurar insulin

Yawancin masu ciwon sukari waɗanda kwanan nan ba su da lafiya suna yin mamaki: "Ina za a yi wa insulin?" Bari muyi kokarin gano wannan. Insulin za'a iya allura kawai a wasu wurare:

"Belly zone" - sashi na bel a dama da hagu na cibiya tare da sauyawa zuwa bayan
Hannun hannu "- sashin sashin hannun daga kafada zuwa gwiwar hannu,
“Yankin kafa” - gaban cinya daga makwancin gwaiwa zuwa gwiwa,
“Yankin Scapular” yanki ne na gargajiya mai kaɗaici (tushen digo, zuwa dama da hagu na kashin baya).

Kinetics na yawan insulin

Duk masu ciwon sukari ya kamata su sani cewa tasirin insulin ya dogara da wurin allura.

• Daga cikin 'ciki' insulin yayi aiki da sauri, kusan 90% na kashi insulin na insulin yana shanshi.
• Kusan kashi 70% na abubuwan da ake gudanarwa ana shan su daga “kafafu” ko “hannaye”, insulin yana fitowa (a hankali) a hankali.
• Kashi 30% na maganin da ake gudanarwa kawai za'a iya samarwa daga “scapula”, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a yi allurar da ita.

A ƙarƙashin motsi, insulin yakamata ya motsa cikin jini. Mun riga mun gano cewa wannan tsari ya dogara da wurin allura, amma wannan ba shine kawai abin da ke shafar hanzarin aikin insulin ba. Ingancin lokacin aiki na tura insulin ya dogara da dalilai kamar haka:

• wurin allura
• daga inda insulin ya samu (yin jima'i a fata, a cikin jirgin jini ko tsoka),
• daga zafin jiki na muhalli (zafi yana kara aikin insulin, kuma sanyi yakan sauka),
• daga tausa (ana shafa insulin cikin sauri tare da sanya fata mai nauyi),
• daga tarin ajiyar insulin (idan allura aka yi ta ci gaba a wuri guda, insulin zai iya tarawa kuma kwatsam ya rage matakin glucose bayan kwana biyu),
• daga yadda mutum yake motsa jiki zuwa wani nau'in insulin.

A ina zan iya yin insulin?

Shawarwarin Type 1 masu ciwon sukari

1. Mafi kyawun maki don injections suna zuwa dama da hagu na cibiya a nesa yatsunsu biyu.
2. Ba zai yiwu a tsawanta lokaci ɗaya a maki guda ba, tsakanin abubuwan da suka gabata da na gaba mai mahimmanci ya wajaba a lura da nisan akalla cm 3. Kuna iya maimaita allura kusa da abin da ya gabata kawai bayan kwana uku.
3. Kar a shigar da insulin a ƙarƙashin scapula. Madadin injections a cikin ciki, hannu da kafa.
4. Short insulin ya fi dacewa a allura cikin ciki, kuma a tsawanta a hannu ko kafa.
5. Zaku iya allurar insulin tare da alkalami a cikin kowane sashi, amma ba shi da wahala a saka allurar sirinji a hannunka, don haka koya wa wani daga dangin ku don gudanar da insulin. Daga kwarewar kaina zan iya faɗi cewa allura mai zaman kanta a hannu mai yiwuwa ne, kuna buƙatar kawai don amfani dashi kuma wancan ne.

Koyarwar bidiyo:

Abubuwan da ake fahimta a allurar na iya zama daban. Wani lokaci ba zaku ji wani ciwo ba, kuma idan kun shiga cikin jijiya ko a cikin jirgin jini zaku ji ɗan zafi. Idan kayi allura tare da allura mai kauri, to lalle zazzabi zai bayyana kuma karamin rauni zai iya fitowa a wurin allurar.

Ingancin amfani da ɗaukar ƙwaƙwalwa da aikin insulin ya dogara da wurin allura

Tunda inje a ƙarƙashin mashin kafada sune suka fi tasiri, ba a amfani da su.

Mafi kyawun wuri mafi inganci don yin allura shine wuraren da ke gefen hagu da dama na cibiya, a nesa na yatsunsu biyu. Koyaya, dole ne a tuna: ba za a iya tsayawa koyaushe a wurare guda ba! Maganin ciki na ciki shine mafi daukar hankali. Zai fi sauƙi tsawan cikin ɗayan ciki na ciki, kusa da bangarorin. Balaguro a hannu ba shi da ciwo. Abubuwan da aka sanya a cikin kafa shine mafi yawan abin lura.

Ba za a iya shafawa wurin allurar ba tare da barasa ba, a maimakon haka a wanke shi da ruwan dumi da sabulu. Don allura tare da yatsun hannun hagu, kuna buƙatar jan fata a wurin da yakamata kuma saka allura a gindin murfin fatar a wani kusurwa na arba'in da biyar ko a tsaye zuwa saman fatar. An matse sandar a hankali. Daga nan sai a jira wani na biyar zuwa bakwai (ƙidaya zuwa goma). A fitar da allura kuma a huɗa piston sau da yawa don cire ragowar insulin a cikin allura kuma ta bushe shi daga ciki tare da kwararar iska. Saka hula kuma sanya sirinji a ciki.

Wurin, murfin roba, wanda aka rufe saman kwalbar, baya buƙatar cire shi. Sun soki mata sirinji suna tattara insulin. Tare da kowane wasan motsa jiki, sirinji ya zama mara nauyi. Sabili da haka, ɗauki babban karen allura don sirinji na likita kuma dame abin toshe kwalaba a tsakiyar sau da yawa. Saka allura insulin cikin wannan rami.

Kafin allura, kwalban insulin dole ne a birgeshi tsakanin dabino na dan lokaci kadan. Ana buƙatar wannan aikin don tsaka-tsakin matsakaici da tsayi na dindindin, tun da mai karawa dole ne a haɗe shi da insulin (yana daidaitawa). Bugu da ƙari, insulin zai yi zafi, kuma ya fi kyau shigar da shi dumi.

Ana yin allurar ne da ko dai sirinji ta insulin ko kuma alkalami na alkalami. Yin amfani da sirinji, ba shi da wahala ka saka kanka a hannu. Dole ne a nemi taimakon waje. Kuna iya jefa kanku da alkalami na syringe a duk waɗannan wuraren ba tare da taimakon waje ba.

Wajibi ne a lura da nisa (aƙalla santimita biyu) tsakanin allura ta gaba da ta gaba. Wata maimaita allura a wuri guda mai yiwuwa ne kawai bayan aƙalla kwana biyu zuwa uku.

Ingancin insulin ya dogara ba kawai a wurin allurar ba. Hakanan ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki: sanyi na rage girman aikin insulin, zafi yana karawa. Idan kun yi allura da yawa a jere a wuri guda, zai iya “tara” a cikin kasusuwa kuma sakamakon zai bayyana daga baya, wanda zai haifar da raguwar glucose jini.

Don saurin insulin cikin sauri, zaku iya yin tausa haske na wurin allura.

Suna kera allurar sirinji a ƙasashe da yawa ta kamfanonin da yawa. Maganin insulin shine samfurin da aka yi da filastik mai ma'ana, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: jiki mai silima tare da alamar, motsi mai motsi, allura, da hula wanda aka saƙa da shi. Endaya daga ƙarshen sandar piston tana gudana a cikin gidaje, ɗayan kuma yana da nau'in kulawa wanda sanda da piston suna motsawa. Cikakken allura a wasu nau'ikan sirinji na iya cirewa, a wasu an haɗa shi da jiki sosai.

Abubuwan insulin sunadarai kuma basu dashi. An tsara madaidaicin sirinji don milliliter na insulin a cikin taro 40 U / ml. Ana amfani da alamar a jikin sirinji a cikin raka'a insulin, tare da mataki guda da lambobi 5,10,15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40.

Ga waɗanda suke buƙatar yin kulawa da su sau ɗaya fiye da raka'a arba'in, akwai manyan sirinji waɗanda aka tsara don milliliters biyu kuma suna ɗauke da PIECES 80 na insulin na yawan maida hankali (40 PIECES / ml).

Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da sirinji sau ɗaya don kada ku ji ciwo. Amma ana iya yin allurar irin wannan sirinji sau uku zuwa sau huɗu (kodayake yana da laushi daga allura zuwa allura). Domin kada ku ji rauni, ragi yayin sirinji yana da kaifi, na farko sau biyu ko sau uku - a cikin ciki, to - a hannu ko ƙafa.

Novo Nordisk ne aka fara kirkiro abubuwan sirinji. Misali na farko ya kan sayar a shekarar 1983. A halin yanzu, kamfanoni da yawa suna samar da alkalami mai sirinji Alƙalin siket shine mafi cakuduwa fiye da sirinji. A cikin zane da fitowar sa, yayi kama da alkalami na piston na al'ada don tawada.

Alkalanin Syringe suna da fa'ida da rashin amfanin su. Babban fa'idarsu ita ce cewa ana iya gudanar da insulin ba tare da sanya miya ba, ko'ina. Alƙalin siririn alkalami ya fi ƙanƙan da fiye da allura a cikin sirinji mai kyau. A kusan ba ya cutar da fata.

Yawancin lokaci, ana saka hannun riga tare da insulin a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa, kuma a gefe guda akwai maɓallin rufewa da injin da zai ba ku damar saita sashi tare da daidaito na 1 ED (matattarar injin yayin saita sashi: dannawa ɗaya - ɓangare ɗaya).

Irin wannan sirinji yawanci ana sanya shi a cikin akwati-akwati, mai kama da shari'ar don alkalami na marmaro. Yadda za a yi amfani da alkairin sirinji - aka nuna a umarnin.

Babban matsala

Mafi sau da yawa, matasa suna kan aikin insulin, ciki har da yara kanana masu fama da ciwon sukari na 1. A tsawon lokaci, suna koyon ƙwarewar sarrafa kayan injection da mahimmancin ilimin game da madaidaitan aikin, ya cancanci cancantar da ma'aikacin jinya.

Matan da ke da juna biyu masu rauni tare da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta an sanya su cikin shirin insulin na wani lokaci Hyperglycemia na wucin gadi, magani wanda ke buƙatar hormone na yanayin furotin, na iya faruwa a cikin mutane tare da wasu cututtukan endocrine na kullum a ƙarƙashin tasirin matsananciyar damuwa, kamuwa da cuta mai ƙuna.

A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, marasa lafiya suna ɗaukar maganin a baki (ta bakin). Rashin daidaituwa a cikin sukari na jini da tabarbarewa a cikin lafiyar lafiyar mai haƙuri (bayan shekaru 45) na iya faruwa sakamakon mummunan cin abincin abinci da ƙin yarda da shawarar likitan. Rashin raunin glucose na jini na iya haifar da matakin dogaro da insulin daga cutar.

Yankin don allura dole ne ya canza saboda:

• Yawan sha insulin ya sha bamban,
• yawan amfani da wuri guda akan jiki na iya haifar da lipodystrophy na gida (asarar ƙwayar mai a cikin fata),
• da yawa injections na iya tara.

Ya tattara cikin insulin ɗin cikin “In Reserve” na iya fitowa kwatsam, kwana 2-3 bayan allura. Mahimmancin ƙananan ƙwayar jini, haifar da harin hypoglycemia. A lokaci guda, mutum ya sami gumi mai sanyi, jin yunwar, hannayensa kuma suna rawar jiki. Ana iya dakatar da halayensa ko, a taqaice, m. Alamun hypoglycemia na iya faruwa a cikin mutane daban-daban masu darajar glucose na jini a cikin kewayon 2.0-5.5 mmol / L.

A cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, ya zama dole a hanzarta ƙara yawan sukari don hana farkon hauhawar ƙwayar cuta. Da farko ya kamata ku sha ruwa mai zaki (shayi, lemun tsami, ruwan 'ya'yan itace) waɗanda ba su da kayan zaki (misali, aspartame, xylitol). Don haka ku ci abinci na carbohydrate (sandwich, kukis tare da madara).

Zhaya don yin allura a jikin mai haƙuri

Tasirin magungunan hormonal a jiki ya dogara da wurin gabatarwar sa. Abubuwan da aka yiwa allurar jini ta wani nau'in rawar gani daban daban ana aiwatar dasu ba wai wuri daya ba. Don haka ina zan iya yin shirye-shiryen insulin?

• Yankin farko shine ciki: tare da kugu, tare da sauyawa zuwa baya, zuwa dama da hagu na cibiya. Yana ɗaukar har zuwa 90% na kashi na sarrafawa. Halin hali shine bayyananne game da aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, bayan mintuna 15-30. Ganiya yakan faru ne bayan awa 1. Yin allura a wannan yanki shine mafi hankalin. Masu ciwon sukari suna saka gajeren insulin a cikin ciki bayan sun ci abinci. "Don rage alamar jin zafi, farashi a cikin manyan sassan biyu, mafi kusa ga bangarorin," - irin wannan shawara yawancin lokaci ana ba da ta hanyar endocrinologists ga masu haƙuri. Bayan mai haƙuri zai iya fara cin abinci ko ma yin allura tare da abinci, kai tsaye bayan abincin.
• Bangare na biyu hannaye ne: sashen waje na reshe na sama daga kafada zuwa gwiwar hannu. Yin allura a wannan yanki yana da fa'ida - shine mafi yawan jin zafi. Amma ba shi da wahala ga mara lafiyar ya yi allura a hannunsa tare da sirinjin insulin. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu daga cikin wannan halin: don allurar insulin tare da ɗimin sirinji ko koyar da ƙaunatattun abubuwa don ba da allurar rigakafi ga masu ciwon sukari.
• Bangare na uku sune kafafu: cinya na waje daga inguinal zuwa gwiwa gwiwa. Daga bangarorin dake jikin gabobin jikin mutum, ana amfani da insulin har zuwa kashi 75% na abubuwan da ake sarrafawa kuma yana fitowa a hankali. Farawar aiki yana cikin awanni 1.0-1.5. Ana amfani dasu don allura tare da magani, tsawaita (tsawaita, tsawaita cikin lokaci) aikin.
• Yankin na huɗu shine ƙyallen kafada: wanda yake a bayan baya, ƙarƙashin ƙashi ɗaya. Adadin buɗewar insulin a wani wuri da yawan adadin sha (30%) sune mafi ƙasƙanci. Consideredaƙƙarfan kafada ana ɗauka wani wuri ne mara amfani don allurar insulin.

Mafi kyawun maki tare da mafi girman aikin shine yankin cibiyar (a nesa da yatsunsu biyu). Ba shi yiwuwa a tsayar da kullun a cikin "wurare masu kyau". Nisa tsakanin injection na ƙarshe da na gaba ya zama aƙalla 3 cm .. An sake maimaita allura zuwa matakin da ya gabata bayan kwanaki 2-3.

Idan ka bi shawarwari don ka “dakata” a cikin ciki, da kuma “dadewa” a cinya ko hannu, to mai ciwon sukari dole yayi allura sau biyu a lokaci guda. Marasa lafiya masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun gwammace yin amfani da cakuda insulins (Novoropid mix, Humalog mix) ko kuma a haɗa nau'ikan guda biyu a cikin sirinji kuma suna yin allura guda ɗaya a kowane wuri. Ba duk izinin insulins ba ne da damar haɗuwa da juna. Zasu iya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci da tsaka-tsakin mataki.

Maganin allura

Masu ciwon sukari suna koyon dabarun tsari a cikin aji a makarantu na musamman, wanda aka shirya akan sassan sassan ilimin endocrinology. Yaran kanana ko marasa karfi marasa lafiya ana allurar dasu da masoyan su.

Babban ayyukan mai haƙuri sune:

1. A cikin shirya yankin fata. Wurin allurar ya zama mai tsabta. Shafa, musamman rub, fata ba ya buƙatar barasa. Alcohol an san shi da lalata insulin. Ya isa a wanke wani ɓangare na jiki da ruwan dumi mai soapy ko shawa (wanka) sau ɗaya a rana.
2. Shirya insulin ("alkalami", sirinji, vial). Dole ne ayi maganin a hannunka tsawon 30 na seconds. Zai fi kyau gabatar da shi gauraye da kyau. Kira da tabbatar da ingancin maganin.
3. Yin aikin allura. Ta hannunka na hagu, yi ɗan fatar ka saka allura a cikin gindinta a wani kusurwa na digiri 45 ko zuwa saman, riƙe sirinji a tsaye. Bayan saukar da magani, jira na 5-7. Kuna iya kirgawa zuwa 10.

Abun lura da abin mamaki yayin allura

Ainihin, abin da mai haƙuri ya fuskanta da allura ana ɗauka alamun bayyananniyar. Kowane mutum yana da bakin kofa na jin zafi.

Akwai abubuwan lura da abubuwan da ake iya fahimta gaba daya:

• babu wata 'yar alamar zafin rai, wanda ke nufin cewa an yi amfani da allura mai kaifi sosai, kuma ba ta shiga cikin ƙoshin jijiya ba,
• m zafi na iya faruwa idan jijiya ta buga
• bayyanar da digo na jini na nuni da lalacewar gawar (karamin jirgin ruwa),
• bruze shine sakamakon allura mai kauri.

Allura a cikin almalin sirinji yana da bakin ciki fiye da sirinjin insulin, hakika baya cutar da fatar. Ga wasu marasa lafiya, amfani da ƙarshen shine fin so don dalilai na tunani: akwai mai zaman kanta, an saita sashi na fili sosai. Hypoglycemic da aka gudanar zai iya shiga cikin jirgin jini kawai ba, har ma a karkashin fata da tsoka. Don gujewa wannan, ya zama dole tattara tarin fatar kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto.

Yanayin zafin jiki na yanayin (ɗumi mai ɗumi), tausa (bugun haske) na allurar zai iya hanzarta aikin insulin. Kafin amfani da maganin, mai haƙuri dole ne ya tabbatar da rayuwar rayuwar shiryayye, daidaituwa da yanayin ajiya na samfurin. Maganin ciwon sukari bai kamata ya daskarewa ba. Ana iya adanar shi a cikin firiji a zazzabi na +2 zuwa +8 digiri Celsius. Kwalban da ake amfani dashi a yanzu, alkalami na syringe (wanda za'a iya saka shi ko kuma an ɗora shi da hannun riga na insulin) ya isa ya kiyaye a zafin jiki.