Cutar sankarau - alamomin, kulawa ta gaggawa, sakamakon

Daya daga cikin cututtukan yau da kullun da ke cike da rauni shine ciwon sukari. Da yawa ba su sani ba, saboda rashin bayyana alamun bayyanar cututtuka, cewa suna da ciwon sukari. Karanta: Babban alamun bayyanar cutar sankarau - a wane lokacine za'a kiyaye? Bi da bi, karancin insulin na iya haifar da rikice rikice kuma, in babu magani da yakamata, ya zama barazanar rayuwa. Mafi yawan rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari coma ne. Wadanne nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da ke ciki ake sani, da kuma yadda za a iya ba da taimakon farko ga mai haƙuri a wannan yanayin?

Cutar kamuwa da cutar sankarau - babban sanadin hakan, nau'in coma masu cutar sankara

Daga cikin duk rikitar da ciwon sukari, yanayin mai kama da na masu fama da cutar siga shine, a mafi yawancin lokuta, ana iya juyawa. Dangane da mashahurin imani, cutar sankarar mahaifa cuta ce ta amai da gudawa. Wato, wuce haddi na sukari jini. A zahiri, coma mai ciwon sukari na iya zama iri daban-daban:

Hypoglycemic
Hyperosmolar ko ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta
Ketoacidotic

Sanadin coma mai ciwon sukari na iya zama ƙaruwa mai yawa a yawan glucose a cikin jini, kulawa mara kyau ga masu ciwon sukari har ma da yawan insulin, wanda yawan sukari ya sauka ƙasa da al'ada.

Bayyanar cututtuka na cutar hypoglycemic coma, taimako na farko don cutar rashin ƙarfi na hypoglycemic

Yanayin hypoglycemic halayyar ne, don mafi yawan bangare, don nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, kodayake suna faruwa a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke shan kwayoyi a allunan. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ci gaban jihar ya gabata hauhawar yawan insulin a cikin jini. Hadarin hypoglycemic coma yana cikin nasara (ba a sake juyawa) na tsarin juyayi da kwakwalwa.

Kwayar cutar rashin daidaituwa - alamu

A harin huhu lura:

Janar rauni.
Agara yawan tashin hankali.
Lokaci mai rawar jiki.
Karin gumi.

Tare da waɗannan alamun yana da mahimmanci a hanzarta dakatar da harin domin kauce wa ci gaban yanki wanda aka riga aka san shi, siffofin halayen sune:

Rawar jiki, da sauri juya cikin cramps.
Cikakkiyar ma'anar yunwa.
Rage tashin hankalin damuwa.
Jin gumi mai yawa.

Wani lokacin a wannan matakin hali mai haƙuri ya zama kusan mara amfani - har zuwa tashin hankali, da kuma ƙaruwa a cikin mawuyacin hali ko da hana hagu daga cikin wata gabar jiki na haƙuri. Sakamakon haka, mai haƙuri ya rasa daidaituwa a sararin samaniya, kuma asarar hankali ya faru. Abinda yakamata ayi

Taimako na farko don maganin cutar rashin ruwa

Tare da m alamu ya kamata mai haƙuri ya gaggauta ba da piecesan guda na sukari, kusan 100 g na kukis ko 2-3 tablespoons na jam (zuma). Yana da kyau a tuna cewa yayin da ciwon sukari mai dogaro da insulin yakamata a koyaushe a sami wasu abubuwan lemun zaƙi “a ƙirjin”.
Tare da alamu mai tsanani:

Zuba shayi mai ɗumi a cikin bakin mai haƙuri (gilashin / cokali 3 na sukari) idan zai iya hadiye shi.
Kafin jiko na shayi, yana da mahimmanci don saka mai riƙewa tsakanin hakora - wannan zai taimaka don kauce wa matsi mai ƙarfi.
Dangane da haka, darajar ingantawa, ciyar da mai haƙuri abincin mai arziki a cikin carbohydrates ('ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan abinci da hatsi).
Don guje wa hari na biyu, rage kashi na insulin ta hanyar raka'a 4-8 a safiyar gobe.
Bayan kawar da tsotsar jinin haila, nemi likita.

Idan coma tasowa tare da asarar sanisannan kuma ya biyo baya:

Gabatar da 40-80 ml na glucose a cikin ciki.
Da sauri kira motar asibiti.

Taimako na farko don illar hyperosmolar

Daidai sa haƙuri.
Gabatar da karkatar da magana da kuma hana fitar da harshe.
Yi gyare-gyare na matsin lamba.
Gabatar da ciki na 10-20 ml na glucose (maganin 40%).
A cikin maye sosai - a kira motar asibiti nan da nan.

Cutar cutar sankarau a cikin yara da manya: sanadin sakamako

Ciwon sukari mellitus yana cikin rukunin cututtukan da matakan sukari a cikin jini ya hau. Wannan halin na iya haifar tsufa na jiki da lalacewar kusan dukkanin gabobin jikinta da tsarinta.

Endocrinologists sun hakikance cewa idan an dauki matakan kariya kuma ana gudanar da aikin da ya dace, a mafi yawan lokuta yana yiwuwa a hana ko ma a dakatar da farawar cutar sankara a cikin masu ciwon sukari. Tabbas, a mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan rikice-rikice yana faruwa tare da rashin kulawa da rashin kulawa, isasshen kame kai da rashin yarda da abincin.

A sakamakon haka, yanayin hauhawar jini na haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na ƙimin ciki a cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus. Wani lokacin rashin taimako na lokaci daya na irin wannan lamarin na iya haifar da mutuwa.

Menene matsalar rashin lafiyan cuta kuma menene sababinsa da ire-irensu?

Ma'anar illarma ita ce ciwon sikila - tana nuna yanayin da mai ciwon sukari yake asarar hankali lokacin da rashi ko yawan glucose a cikin jini. Idan a cikin wannan yanayin ba za a ba da haƙuri na gaggawa ba, to komai yana iya zama mai m.

Abubuwanda ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan ciwon sukari shine saurin karuwa a cikin taro na jini, wanda ke haifar da isasshen ƙwayar insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, rashin kame kai, rashin iya karatu da rubutu da sauransu.

Idan babu isasshen insulin, jikin ba zai iya sarrafa glucose ba saboda abinda baya juya shi zuwa makamashi. Irin wannan rashi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa hanta tana fara samar da glucose da kansa. A kan wannan tushen, akwai ci gaba mai aiki na jikin ketone.

Don haka, idan glucose ya haɗu a cikin jini da sauri fiye da jikin ketone, to mutum zai rasa hankali kuma ya kamu da ciwon sukari. Idan yawan sukari yana ƙaruwa tare da abun cikin jikin ketone, to mai haƙuri na iya fadawa cikin coma na ketoacidotic. Amma akwai wasu nau'ikan irin waɗannan yanayin waɗanda ya kamata a yi la’akari da su daki-daki.

Gabaɗaya, ana bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayar mahaifa:

hypoglycemic,
bashin,
ketoacidotic.

Coma na hypoglycemic - na iya faruwa lokacin da sukari a cikin ragin jini ba zato ba tsammani. Har yaushe wannan yanayin zai wuce ba za a iya faɗi ba, saboda abubuwa da yawa sun dogara da tsananin matsalar hypoglycemia da lafiyar mai haƙuri. Wannan yanayin yana da saukin kamuwa ga masu ciwon suga da ke tsallake abinci ko kuma wadanda basa bin sashin insulin. Hypoglycemia shima yana bayyana bayan wuce gona da iri ko giya.

Na biyu nau'in - hyperosmolar coma na faruwa azaman rikitarwa na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, wanda ke haifar da karancin ruwa da sukari mai yawa na jini. Farkon sa yana faruwa tare da matakin glucose fiye da 600 mg / l.

Sau da yawa, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta ɓacin rai da yara, wanda ke cire yawan glucose da fitsari. A wannan yanayin, dalilin ci gaban kwayar halitta shi ne cewa yayin bushewar fata da ƙodan ya haifar, jiki yana tilasta adana ruwa, saboda wanda tsananin ciwo zai iya haɓaka.

Hyperosmolar s. diabeticum (Latin) yana haɓaka sau 10 sau da yawa fiye da hauhawar jini. Ainihin, bayyanar sa an gano shi da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya.

Ketoacidotic masu ciwon sukari na tasowa tare da ciwon sukari na 1 Ana iya lura da wannan nau'in kwayar cutar yayin da ketones (acetone acid mai cutarwa) suka tara cikin jiki. Su samfurori ne na metabolism na acid na mai wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin insulin na hormone.

Cutar HyperlactacPs a cikin ciwon sukari na faruwa da wuya. Wannan nau'in halayyar halayyar tsofaffi marasa lafiya ne da ke fama da hanta, koda da aikin zuciya.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakar wannan nau'in cutar sankarau suna ƙara ƙaruwa da ilimi da rashin amfani da hypoxia da lactate. Don haka, jiki yana guba da lactic acid, wanda aka tara a cikin adadin (2-4 mmol / l). Duk wannan yana haifar da cin zarafin daidaituwa na lactate-pyruvate da bayyanar acidosis na rayuwa tare da bambanci mai girma na anionic.

Cutar tarko da ta taso daga nau'in 2 ko nau'in 1 na ciwon sikari ita ce mafi yawan haɗari da haɗari ga tsoho wanda ya riga shekara 30. Amma wannan sabon abu yana da haɗari musamman ga ƙananan marasa lafiya.

Cutar sankarau a cikin yara yawanci tana haɓaka da nau'in insulin-dogara da ƙwayar cuta wacce ta ɗauki shekaru da yawa. Comas na ciwon sukari a cikin yara sukan bayyana ne a makarantan nasare ko shekarun makaranta, wani lokacin a kirji.

Haka kuma, a karkashin shekaru 3, irin wannan yanayin yakan faru sau da yawa fiye da na manya.

Cutar sankarau - alamomin, kulawa ta gaggawa, sakamakon

Cutar sankarar mahaifa wani yanayi ne a jikin dan adam wanda ke dauke da cutar siga, wanda hakan ke haifar da mummunan tashin hankali na rayuwa. Zai iya faruwa saboda raguwa mai ƙarfi ko ƙaruwa a cikin matakan glucose na jini. Haɓaka coma mai ciwon sukari yana buƙatar kulawa ta asibiti cikin gaggawa. Game da kasancewar sa tsawonsa, rashin rikice-rikice na iya faruwa har zuwa sakamako mai illa.

Akwai nau'ikan Cutar masu ciwon suga da yawa, kowannensu yana buƙatar kusancin mutum don maganin. Suna haifar da dalilai daban-daban, suna da matakai daban-daban na ci gaba.

Kwararrun sun bambanta nau'ikan da ke gaba:

Cutar Ketoacidotic - tana haɓaka cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 1. Hakan ya haifar da sakin ketones mai yawa, wanda ke faruwa a jiki sakamakon aiki mai na kitse. Saboda yawan haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwan, mutum ya faɗi cikin ƙwayar ketoacidotic.
Hyperosmolar coma - yana haɓaka cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 2. Sanadin rashin ruwa mai guba. Matakan glucose na jini na iya isa fiye da 30 mmol / l, ketones ba ya nan.
Cutar hypoglycemic - yana haɓakawa a cikin mutanen da suke yin allurar ba daidai ba na insulin ko kuma ba sa bin abincin. Tare da maganin farin jini na hypoglycemic, glucose a cikin jinin mutum ya kai 2.5 mmol / L da ƙananan.
Lactic acidosis coma wani nau'in cuta ne mai saurin kamuwa da shi. Yana haɓakawa da tushen asalin anaerobic glycolysis, wanda ke haifar da canji a ma'aunin lactate-pyruvate.

Kowane irin ƙwayar cutar sankara na haɓaka saboda wuce haddi ko rashin insulin, wanda ke haifar da saurin yawan mayukan mai. Duk wannan yana haifar da kirkirar samfuran mara nauyi. Suna rage tarowar ma'adanai a cikin jini, wanda yake rage yawan acid dinta. Wannan yana haifar da hadawan abu da iskar shaka, ko acidosis.

Ketosis shine yake haifar da rikitarwa a cikin aiki na gabobin ciki a cikin cutar sikari. Tsarin juyayi ya fi shan wahala daga abin da ke faruwa.

Cutar sankarau ana saninsa ta hanyar hanzari, amma ingantacciyar hanya ce. Za a iya ganin alamun farko da mutum zai fada cikin rashin lafiya a rana ko sama da haka. Idan ka lura da duk wata alama ta rashin lafiya, yi kokarin ganin likitan ku yanzunnan. Hyperglycemia ana saninsa da saurin karuwa a cikin taro mai yawa sau da yawa. Za'a iya gane coma na Ketoacidotic ta hanyar tashin zuciya da amai, amai, yawan urination, tashin zuciya a ciki, bacci. Hakanan, mai haƙuri yana da warin ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin. Yana iya yin gunaguni na ƙishirwa, kullun baƙin ciki, asarar hankali.

Tare da haɓakar hypoglycemia a cikin mutane, haɗuwa da sukari a cikin jini yana raguwa sosai. A wannan yanayin, wannan alamar ta isa alamar da ke ƙasa 2.5 mmol / L. Fahimtar mai zuwa tashin hankali na rashin haihuwa yana da sauki sosai, mutum yayi awoyi da yawa kafin ya fara korafin wani yanayi na damuwa da tsoro, karuwar gumi, jin sanyi da rawar jiki, nutsuwa da rauni, saurin yanayi da rauni. Duk wannan yana haɓaka ta hanyar rashi mara nauyi da asarar hankali, idan mutum bai sami taimakon likita na kan lokaci ba. Wannan yanayin ya gabace ta:

Rage abinci ko rashin isasshen abinci,
Janar malaise
Ciwon kai da danshi,
Maƙarƙashiya ko zawo.

Idan babu taimako na lokaci don cutar siga, mutum zai iya fuskantar mummunan sakamako. Tare da haɓaka wannan yanayin, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da zafin jiki. Yana da mahimmanci sosai cewa bai karye ba - ya fi kyau cewa yana ƙaruwa kaɗan. Fata yakamata ya bushe da dumi. Yin watsi da alamun farko na cutar siga da ke haifar da tashin hankali. Dan Adam, kamar yadda yake, yana tashi daga duniyar yau da kullun; bai fahimci waye shi ba da kuma inda yake.

Likitoci sun lura cewa abu ne mafi sauki ga mutanen da ba su da shiri su iya gano cutar ta masu fama da cutar siga ta hanzarin hauhawar jini, da rauni, da taushi ga gira. Don dakatar da wannan tsari, dole ne a kira motar asibiti nan da nan. Qualifiedwararren likita ne kawai wanda zai iya yin aikin da ya dace.

Idan kun san alamun farko na rashin lafiyar masu cutar sukari a cikin mutum, yi ƙoƙarin ba shi taimako na farko nan da nan. Ya ƙunshi waɗannan ayyukan:

Kwance mara lafiya a ciki ko a gefen sa,
Ka tuɓe masa rigarsa na matsewa,
Saki hanyoyin daga cikin matattara don kada mutumin ya shaƙewa,
Kira motar asibiti
Fara shan dan kadan shayi mai dadi ko syrup,
Kafin motar asibiti tazo, sanya idanu kan numfashin mutumin.

Idan kun san alamun cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sankara, zaka iya ceton ran mutum cikin sauƙi. Hakanan zaka iya ba da taimakon farko da kanka, wanda zai rage haɗarin mummunan sakamako. Kulawa da nau'ikan nau'ikan ciwon sukari ya bambanta sosai, saboda haka ba za ku iya yin wasu ayyukan ba.

Ba zai yiwu a bincika ƙwayar cutar sankara ba ta hanyar binciken gani kawai. A saboda wannan, mai haƙuri yana zuwa jerin gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya, wanda ke tantance matakin glucose, shine mafi mahimmancin amfani a aikace. Baya ga shi, gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta, ana yin urinalysis shima.

Kowane irin nau'in coma mai ciwon sukari yana haɗuwa tare da haɓaka taro na glucose jini sama da 33 mmol / L. Iyakar abin da ya keɓance shine hypoglycemic, saboda wanda matakin sukari ya faɗi ƙasa da 2.5 mmol / L. Lokacin da hyperglycemic, mutum ba zai fuskanci alamu bayyananne ba. Ketoacidotic coma za a iya gane shi ta bayyanar jikin ketone a cikin fitsari, da kuma hyperosmolar coma ta hanyar ƙaruwa da ƙwayar plasma. Ana gano ƙwayar cutar LactacPs ta hanyar karuwa da yawaitar lactic acid a cikin jini.

Abinda ya fi mahimmanci a cikin kula da cutar sankarau ana iya kiransa lokacin kulawa. Idan mutum bai dauki wasu magunguna na dogon lokaci ba, yana tafiyar da hadarin matsanancin matsala, kamar kumburin kwakwalwa ko huhu, bugun jini, bugun zuciya, ciwon jini, hutu ko gazawar numfashi, da dai sauran su. Yana da wannan dalilin ne cewa nan da nan bayan likita ya tabbatar da ganewar asali, mai haƙuri ya fara ba da kulawa ta likita.

Idan mutum yana da ƙwayar ketone, likitoci suna yin duk mai yiwuwa don maimaita mahimman alamun jiki: hawan jini, numfashi, ƙwallon zuciya. Hakanan, dole ne a kawo mai haƙuri cikin sani. Likita ya dakatar da harin tare da bayani na glucose da sodium chloride, wanda ya dawo da daidaitaccen gishiri-gishiri.

Yin jiyya na cutar lactic acma ya ƙunshi aiwatar da matakan guda ɗaya kamar yadda ake amfani da ketoacidotic. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, maido da ma'aunin acid-tushe yana da mahimmancin warkewa.Mutumin da ke cikin asibiti yana allura da adadin adadin glucose da insulin, lokacin da alamu masu mahimmanci suka koma al'ada, ana yin magani.

Idan mai haƙuri tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mutanen da ke kewaye da shi ko mutanen da ke kewaye da shi suka fara ganin alamun rashin lafiyar haila, to zai yuwu gaba ɗaya don hana ci gaban irin wannan yanayin a kan nasu. Kuna iya dakatar da harin ta hanyar cin abinci na carbohydrate: karamin sukari, gasa man shanu, cokali mai yawa na jam ko shayi na yau da kullun. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar waka mai gamsarwa kuma jira mafi kyawun lafiya. Idan ba a bi shi ba, kira motar asibiti.

Lokacin da masu ciwon sukari suka haɓaka tasirin tasirin jini wanda ya haifar da sarrafa insulin da yawa, mutane yakamata suci carbohydrates mai yawa. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana bada shawara don amfani da kayan kwalliyar masara. A cikin nau'ikan cututtukan rauni, bazai yiwu a dakatar da cutar mahaifa ta wannan hanyar ba. A wannan yanayin, ƙwararren yana gudanar da aikin glucagon ko maganin glucose a cikin jijiya.

Wajibi ne a bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi don taimakawa rage haɗarin cutar mahaifa:

Yi jarrabawar yau da kullun,
Bi shawarar likitanka,
Ku ci yadda yakamata a kai a kai
Koyaushe kula da sukarin jininka
Jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki
Barin munanan halaye
Rage yawan damuwa da damuwa a rayuwarku.

Wani canji na cuta a cikin tattarawar glucose a cikin jini koyaushe yana jagorantar ci gaban manyan rikice-rikice a cikin jiki. Theirarfinsu ya dogara da saurin kula da lafiya. Sakamakon karuwar fitsari da kodan ke haifarwa, mutum yana tasowa matsanancin rashin ruwa, wanda yana ƙaruwa sosai bayan shan ruwa. Wannan yana haifar da raguwa a cikin karfin jini, wanda ke rage hawan jini. Wannan ya zama sanadiyyar rikicewar jijiyoyin jini a cikin dukkanin gabobin da kyallen takarda, duk da haka, wannan sabon yanayin shine mafi hadari ga kwakwalwa.

Tare tare da fitsari, an cire kayan lantarki waɗanda ke buƙatar aiki na yau da kullun daga jiki.

Cutar sankarau babban karkacewa ne ga aiki na jiki. Kusan koyaushe yana barin sakamako a cikin aiki na jiki. Koyaya, iyakar cutar za ta dogara da yadda lokacin kula da lafiyar ya kasance. Tare da saurin gabatar da kwayoyi, za a iya kauce wa mummunan karkacewa. Game da jinkirin jinkiri, mutum na iya kawo karshen mutuwa. Kididdiga ta nuna cewa mutuwa tana faruwa ne a cikin 10% na cututtukan masu ciwon sukari.

Cutar sankarar mahaifa cuta ce da ke faruwa da masu ciwon suga. Yanayin yana tasowa a saurin walƙiya. Rashin daukar matakan gaggawa na iya haifar da mummunar matsalolin kiwon lafiya har ma da mutuwa. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci ga kowane mai ciwon sukari yasan menene alamun cutar alama da alamomi ke haifar da cutar sikari da kuma irin matakan da yakamata a ɗauka yayin gano su.

Akwai nau'ikan 4 na ciwon sukari: ketoacidotic, hyperosmolar, hyperlactacidem da hypoglycemic.

Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 sau da yawa yakan ci gaba cocin ketoacidotic. Yana faruwa a kan asalin rashin insulin da hauhawar hauhawar jini. Sakamakon haka, rage yawan tasirin glucose, metabolism ya lalace, mummunan aiki ne na dukkanin tsarin kuma wasu gabobin na faruwa. Cutar Ketoacidotic tana tasowa a cikin kwanaki 1-2 (wani lokacin sauri). Matsakaicin sukari wanda ta faru a ciki na iya kaiwa zuwa 19-33 mmol / l kuma sama. Idan babu matakan dacewa, mai ciwon sukari na iya yin rauni sosai.

Ciwon sukari na 2 wanda yake yawan haifar da hakan ilmin mahaifa. Wannan nau'in kuma yana haɓaka saboda rashin insulin. Yana haɗuwa tare da ƙoshin fitsari na jiki da haɓakar ƙwayar sodium, glucose da ion ion a cikin jini. A karkashin tasirin hyperosmolarity, mummunan rikicewa yana faruwa a jikin mutum, wanda yawanci yana tare da asarar hankali.

Sauran nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan guda biyu daidai suke da nau'ikan cututtukan biyu. Cutar HyperlactacPs ci gaba tare da tarawa da lactic acid a cikin jini. Dalilin shine karancin insulin. Sakamakon haɓaka na coma, halayen sinadarai na jini yana canzawa, kyautatawa, da rashin ashara mai yiwuwa ne.

Abubuwan da aka jera na coma sune hyperglycemic. Suna faruwa akan asalin hauhawar hauhawar jini. Juyin juya halin yana haifar da ci gaba rashin lafiyar hailala. Tattaunawa yana farawa tare da rage yawan glucose na jini zuwa matakin mahimmanci. Wannan yana haifar da matsananciyar yunwar kwakwalwa. Tare da hauhawar jini na jini, sukari na jini yana raguwa zuwa 3.33-2.77 mmol / lita. Idan kayi watsi da alamun da ke bayyana, matakin glucose na iya sauka zuwa 2.77-1.66 mmol / lita. A wannan yanayin, duk alamun halayyar cututtukan jini suna bayyana. Marasa lafiya tare da irin waɗannan alamomin dole ne su je asibiti don neman magani. Valuesimar sukari mai mahimmanci - 1.66-1.38 mmol / lita - yana haifar da asarar hankali. Taimako na gaggawa na kwararru ne kawai zai iya ceton mutum.

Kowane irin nau'in cutar sankarau na gaban kansa yana haifar da abubuwan da ke haddasa shi.

Hyperglycemic cututtuka ana haifar da shi ta dalilin karancin insulin, wanda ke haifar da saurin haɓaka glucose na jini. Mafi sau da yawa, abubuwanda zasu iya haifar da karancin insulin:

ciki
cututtuka
raunin da aka samu da kuma aikin tiyata,
amfani da tsawo na glucocorticoids ko diuretics,
yawan motsa jiki da yanayin damuwa,
rashin cin abinci, tsawan azumi, yawan shan barasa.

Dalilin cutar ketoacidotic shine guba tare da jikin ketone da acetone. Rashin insulin yana sa jiki ya fara maye gurbin makamashi daga sunadarai da ƙwaya, bawai daga glucose ba. A yayin samar da makamashi mara kyau, an kirkiro ketones da acetone acetic acid a adadi mai yawa. Excessarinsu yana ɗaukar ajiyar alkaline kuma yana haifar da ketoacidosis (cuta mai raɗaɗin ƙwayar cuta) da damuwa a cikin metabolism na ruwa-electrolyte.

Za a iya haifar da ci gaban hyperosmolar ta yawan amfani da diuretics, zawo da amai da kowane irin yanayi, yanayin zafi da kuma babban iska, peritoneal dialysis ko hemodialysis, tsawan jini.

Cutar Lactaclera na iya haifar da bugun zuciya ko gazawar numfashi. Ciki wani lokacin yakan kamu da ciwon asma, mashako, gazawar jini, rashin lafiyar zuciya. Sau da yawa sanadin cutar ƙonewa shine kumburi da kamuwa da cuta, cututtukan hanta ko cutar koda. Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke fama da matsalar shan giya ma na cikin haɗari.

Dalilin rashin wadatar jini ya ta'allaka ne da karancin sukari na jini. Wannan yanayin na iya haifar da yawan yawan insulin ko rage magunguna na rage sukari. Sau da yawa hypoglycemia na faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mai ciwon sukari bayan shan insulin ya rasa abinci ko kuma ya ci isassun carbohydrates. Wasu lokuta matakan sukari marasa ƙarfi suna bayyanawa daga tushen ragewar aikin adrenal ko ƙirar insulin-inhibiting na hanta. Wani dalili na hypoglycemic coma shine aiki mai ƙarfi na jiki.

Kowace nau'in coma mai ciwon sukari tana da halayen halayenta. Kodayake alamu sau da yawa suna kama da juna, za a iya gano cutar ta ƙarshe bayan gwajin gwaje-gwaje.

Hyma na hyperglycemic coma yana tare da alamun bayyanar da ke ƙasa.

Thirstara yawan ƙishirwa.
Urination akai-akai.
Janar rauni, wanda yawanci yana tare da ciwon kai.
Maganin tashin hankali, sai bacci ya kwashe shi.
Rage abinci.
Rashin ruwa (a wasu halaye tare da amai).

Daga cikin ƙarin alamun cututtukan hyperosmolar sune rashin ruwa mai narkewa, aikin magana mai rauni da kuma issilai (alamar halayyar kwayar ciki).

Alamun alamun cutar ketoacidotic suna bayyana a hankali. A wannan yanayin, likitoci suna da dama kafin rikicin don gudanar da cikakken magani. Koyaya, idan mai ciwon sukari bai kula da alamomin farko ba, to kuwa yanayin na faruwa, wanda yake nuna zurfin numfashi mai amo, jin zafi a ciki ba tare da wani takamaiman wuri ba, sanadi, mai yuwuwa. Alamar halayyar ƙwayar ketoacidotic shine ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin.

Cutar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, da bambanci ga nau'in da ya gabata, yana ci gaba da sauri kuma yana bayyana kansa cikin yanayin lalata jijiyoyin bugun gini. Daga cikin alamun halayyar wannan kwayar cutar, mutum na iya lura da rauni na hanzari, anorexia, delirium, da kuma rauni mai rauni.

Bayyanar cututtuka na rashin lafiyar hypoglycemic kaɗan sun ɗan bambanta da alamomin cutar hyperglycemic coma. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tsoro, damuwa, karuwar gumi, rawar jiki da kuma tsananin jin yunwar. Idan baku dauki matakan da suka dace ba, yanayin yanayin jiki na iya lalacewa: rauni, rashi ya bayyana. Apopoe na hypoglycemic coma shine asarar sani.

Kasancewar ciwon sukari a cikin yara, abubuwanda suke haifar da ƙwayar cuta sune ciwon kai, tashin zuciya da amai, rashin abinci (har zuwa cikakkiyar rashi), ƙishirwa mai yawa, amai. Haka nan urination mai bushewa, bushewar harshe da lebe suma zasu yiwu.

Sanin bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan da ke fama da cutar siga zai taimaka ya dakatar da ci gabansa cikin lokaci. A farkon alamar tashin hankali, ya kamata a kira motar asibiti nan da nan. Kafin zuwan likitoci, ya kamata a bai wa mai ciwon suga kulawa ta gaggawa. Da farko dai, sa mara lafiya a gefan sa ko kuma a cikin sa. Bi harshe, ka tabbata cewa bai narke ba kuma baya sanya numfashi mai wahala. Bada izinin isashshen iska ya shiga dakin mai cutar siga.

Furtherarin gaba, don nau'ikan cututtukan kamuwa da cuta, dabarun kulawa sun ɗan bambanta. Tare da nau'in hyperosmolar, kunsa da ɗumi ƙafafun mai haƙuri. Binciki maida hankali na glucose tare da glucometer, gwada fitsari tare da tsiri gwajin ketone. Ba a bukatar wani karin mataki. Jira motar asibiti ta iso.

Nau'in Ketoacidotic da lactacPs na coma suna buƙatar saurin kai tsaye ta ƙwararru. A wannan yanayin, ba zai yi aiki ba don hana ci gaban ci gaba ta hanyar samun 'yancin kai. Abinda kawai zaka iya yi shine ka lura da numfashin mara lafiyar da bugun zuciyar har likitan ya iso.

Tare da cutar rashin haihuwa, yana da mahimmanci don samar da kulawa ta gaggawa cikin sauri. Yawancin lokaci wani nau'i mai laushi baya tare da asarar hankali. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri na iya ɗaukar matakan da suka dace. A alamomin farko na rashin lafiyar na kusa, kuna buƙatar cin abinci kaɗan na carbohydrates (gurasa, taliya), sha shayi tare da sukari ko narke allunan 4-5 na glucose. Mai tsananin rashin ƙarfi na haifar da rauni mai zurfi. Tare da wannan ci gaban abubuwan, wanda aka azabtar ba zai iya yin ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Idan mai haƙuri yana da narkewa mai narkewa, sha shi tare da kowane ruwa mai zaki (kar a yi amfani da abin sha tare da masu zaƙi na wannan). Idan babu wani abu mai narkewa, sai a ɗora ƙashin gyada a cikin harshe.

Ka tuna: tare da kowane nau'in coma mai ciwon sukari, ba'a yarda da insulin ba tare da izinin likita ba.

Bayan asibiti a cikin halin da ke fama da cutar sankara, babban burin likitoci shine a daidaita matakin glucose a cikin jini da kuma motsa jiki na jiki gaba daya. Jiyya yana faruwa ƙarƙashin tsayayyar kulawar likita kuma ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Da farko, ana bai wa mara lafiya kashi na insulin (idan ana maganar hypoglycemia, dole ne a gudanar da glucose). Abu na gaba, maganin jiko yana gudana tare da mafita na musamman don mayar da ma'aunin ruwa, abun da ke ciki da kuma daidaita ruwan acid. Bayan kwanaki da yawa na jiyya, an tura mai haƙuri zuwa sashin endocrinology kuma a ajiye shi a asibiti har sai yanayin ya daidaita.

Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa taimakon farko na lokaci mai kyau da kuma isasshen magani zasu taimaka wajen kawar da mummunan sakamako na cutar masu ciwon sukari: inna, ƙwaƙwalwar hanji, bugun zuciya, bugun jini, sepsis, coma na gaskiya ko mutuwa.

Cutar sankarau babbar cuta ce ga masu ciwon suga. Sabili da haka, masu ciwon sukari ya kamata su tuna cewa kawai tsananin horo, kulawa da nauyi, bin ka'idodi na abinci, aiki na yau da kullun da ƙin shan magungunan kai zasu taimaka rayuwa cikakkiyar rayuwa da kuma guji fitowar yanayin haɗari.

Ametov A., Kasatkina E., Franz M. da sauransu. Yadda ake koyon zama tare da masu ciwon sukari. Moscow, Gidan Watsa Lantarki na Interpraks, 1991, shafuffuka 112, ƙarin watsa kwafi 200,000.
Zholondz M.Ya. Sabuwar fahimtar ciwon sukari. St. Petersburg, gidan wallafa "Doe", shafuffuka 1997,172. Maimaita bugun wannan littafin mai suna "Ciwon sukari. Sabuwar fahimta. " SPb., Gidan wallafawa "Duk", 1999., shafuka 224, watsa kwafi 15,000.
Ivanova, V. cututtukan thyroid da ciwon sukari / V. Ivanova. - M.: Duniyar labarai "Syllable", 2012. - 487 p.

Bari in gabatar da kaina. Sunana Elena. Na kasance ina aiki a matsayin endocrinologist fiye da shekaru 10. Na yi imanin cewa a halin yanzu ni ƙwararre ne a fagen aikina kuma ina so in taimaka wa duk baƙi zuwa shafin don warware matsalolin da ba ayyuka sosai ba. Duk kayan don rukunin yanar gizon an tattara su kuma ana aiwatar dasu da kyau don isar da sanarwa gwargwadon iko. Kafin amfani da abin da aka bayyana akan gidan yanar gizon, tattaunawa mai mahimmanci tare da kwararru koyaushe wajibi ne.

Iri Cutar Malaria

Akwai nau'ikan Cutar masu ciwon suga da yawa, kowannensu yana buƙatar kusancin mutum don maganin. Suna haifar da dalilai daban-daban, suna da matakai daban-daban na ci gaba.

Kwararrun sun bambanta nau'ikan da ke gaba:

Cutar Ketoacidotic - tana haɓaka cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 1. Hakan ya haifar da sakin ketones mai yawa, wanda ke faruwa a jiki sakamakon aiki mai na kitse. Saboda yawan haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwan, mutum ya faɗi cikin ƙwayar ketoacidotic.
Hyperosmolar coma - yana haɓaka cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 2. Sanadin rashin ruwa mai guba. Matakan glucose na jini na iya isa fiye da 30 mmol / l, ketones ba ya nan.
Cutar hypoglycemic - yana haɓakawa a cikin mutanen da suke yin allurar ba daidai ba na insulin ko kuma ba sa bin abincin. Tare da maganin farin jini na hypoglycemic, glucose a cikin jinin mutum ya kai 2.5 mmol / L da ƙananan.
Lactic acidosis coma wani nau'in cuta ne mai saurin kamuwa da shi. Yana haɓakawa da tushen asalin anaerobic glycolysis, wanda ke haifar da canji a ma'aunin lactate-pyruvate.

Ketosis shine yake haifar da rikitarwa a cikin aiki na gabobin ciki a cikin cutar sikari. Tsarin juyayi ya fi shan wahala daga abin da ke faruwa.

Cutar sankarau ana saninsa ta hanyar hanzari, amma ingantacciyar hanya ce. Za a iya ganin alamun farko da mutum zai fada cikin rashin lafiya a rana ko sama da haka. Idan ka lura da duk wata alama ta rashin lafiya, yi kokarin ganin likitan ku yanzunnan. Hyperglycemia ana saninsa da saurin karuwa a cikin taro mai yawa sau da yawa.Za'a iya gane coma na Ketoacidotic ta hanyar tashin zuciya da amai, amai, yawan urination, tashin zuciya a ciki, bacci. Hakanan, mai haƙuri yana da warin ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin. Yana iya yin gunaguni na ƙishirwa, kullun baƙin ciki, asarar hankali.

Rage abinci ko rashin isasshen abinci,
Janar malaise
Ciwon kai da danshi,
Maƙarƙashiya ko zawo.

Binciko

Yin jiyya na cutar lactic acma ya ƙunshi aiwatar da matakan guda ɗaya kamar yadda ake amfani da ketoacidotic. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, maido da ma'aunin acid-tushe yana da mahimmancin warkewa. Mutumin da ke cikin asibiti yana allura da adadin adadin glucose da insulin, lokacin da alamu masu mahimmanci suka koma al'ada, ana yin magani.

Yin rigakafin

Wajibi ne a bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi don taimakawa rage haɗarin cutar mahaifa:

Yi jarrabawar yau da kullun,
Bi shawarar likitanka,
Ku ci yadda yakamata a kai a kai
Koyaushe kula da sukarin jininka
Jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki
Barin munanan halaye
Rage yawan damuwa da damuwa a rayuwarku.

Sakamakon

Tare tare da fitsari, an cire kayan lantarki waɗanda ke buƙatar aiki na yau da kullun daga jiki.

Kulawa ta gaggawa don cutar ketoacidotic, alamomin da ke haifar da cutar ketoacidotic don kamuwa da cutar siga

Dalilaiwanda ke kara buƙatar insulin kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar ƙwayar ketoacidotic yawanci:

Late ciwon sukari da ciwon sukari.
Wanda ba shi da magani da aka wajabta (ya sanya magani, sauyawa, da sauransu).
Jahilcin ka'idodin sarrafa kai (yawan shan barasa, raunin abinci da ƙa'idodin aiki na jiki, da sauransu).
Cutar cututtukan mahaifa.
Raunin jiki / kwakwalwa.
Cutar cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki a cikin siffar m.
Ayyuka.
Rashin haihuwa / haihuwa.
Damuwa.

Cutar Ketoacidotic - alamomi

Alamar farko zama:

Urination akai-akai.
Tsammani, tashin zuciya.
Damuwa, rauni gaba ɗaya.

Tare da bayyana tabarbarewa:

Ellarshen Acetone daga bakin.
M zafi ciki.
Matsanancin amai.
Rashin ƙarfi, numfashi mai zurfi.
Sa'annan kuma yana shigowa, yana da illa, zai iya faduwa zuwa yanayin rayuwa.

Cutar Ketoacidotic - taimakon farko

Da farko dai Ya kamata a kira motar asibiti ta duba duk mahimman ayyukan mai haƙuri - numfashi, matsin lamba, bugun zuciya, hankali. Babban aikin shine tallafawa bugun zuciya da numfashi har sai motar asibiti ta isa.
Don kimanta ko mutum yana da hankali, zaka iya ta hanya mai sauki: ka tambaye shi kowace tambaya, ka sauƙaƙa bugawa a kan cheeks da goge kunnuwan kunnensa. Idan babu dauki, mutumin yana cikin haɗari babba. Saboda haka, jinkirta kiran motar motar asibiti bashi yiwuwa.

Gabaɗaya ƙa'idodi don taimakon farko na cutar masu ciwon sukari, idan ba a bayyana nau'in sa ba

Abu na farko da dangin mai haƙuri yakamata suyi tare da asali kuma, musamman, alamun alamun rashin damuwa shine kira motar asibiti nan da nan . Marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari da danginsu sun saba da wadannan alamu. Idan babu yiwuwar zuwa likita, to a farkon alamun yakamata ku:

Intramuscularly allurar insulin - raka'a 6-12. (ba na tilas ba ne).
Doseara kashi gobe da safe - raka'a 4-12 / a lokaci guda, inje 2-3 a rana.
Ya kamata a kwarara yawan abincin Carbohydrate., fats - ware.
Theara yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa / kayan lambu.
Amfani da ruwan ma'adinan alkaline. A cikin rashi - ruwa tare da narkar da cokali na shan soda.
Enema tare da maganin soda - tare da rikicewar hankali.

'Yan uwan mai haƙuri yakamata suyi nazarin halaye na cutar, magani na zamani da ciwon sukari, diabetology da taimakon farko na lokacin - kawai taimakon gaggawa na yau da kullun zai yi tasiri.