Waɗanne matakan sukari na jini ake ɗauka al'ada?

Ana samun daidaituwa na matakan sukari na jini ta hanyar aikin endocrine. Idan metabolism din mara nauyi, wannan yana haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin aiki na tsarin jijiya, ciki har da kwakwalwa, da lalata lalatattun tasoshin jini.

Ana ɗaukaka ƙara yawan sukari na jini akai-akai shine babban alamar alama don ciwon sukari. Don ƙayyade shi, ana yin gwajin jini a kan komai a ciki kuma bayan nauyin sukari, wanda ke ba da damar gano cutar a farkon matakin.

Karantawa akai na karatun sukari na jini yana taimakawa ingantacciyar kulawa da cutar sikari da kuma rigakafin cutar mahaifa da yanayi mai narkewa, wanda ya hada da cutar nephropathy, ciwon sukari, retinopathy, harma da cututtukan zuciya.

Menene alamomin sukari ya dogara?

Tabbatar da ci gaba da ƙarni na makamashi ta ƙwayoyin jikin mutum yana yiwuwa tare da isasshen adadin glucose a cikin jini da kwarararwar da ba ta hanawa zuwa cikin tantanin halitta. Duk wani cin zarafin wannan kayan yana bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar karkacewa daga al'ada: hypoglycemia tare da raguwar sukari na jini ko hauhawar jini tare da haɓakawa.

Manunin al'ada na metabolism metabolism shine 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l lokacin da ake ƙayyade glucose jini. Sauye-sauye tsakanin kashi 30% na wannan iyakar ana ɗaukar su ne marasa mahimmanci kuma, idan cutar ba ta haifar da su ba, jiki zai dawo da su zuwa iyakokin da aka nuna.

Wannan na iya kasancewa yayin cin abinci (hyperglycemia bayan cin abinci), motsin rai ko rashi na jiki (hyperglycemia yayin damuwa), ko faɗuwar sukari a cikin ɗan gajeren yunwar.

An daidaita matakan sukari na jini tare da aikin haɗin gwiwa na ƙwayar cuta da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Kwayoyin halittar jijiyoyin adrenal, yanayin hanji, kodan da hanta suma suna shafar matakin ƙwayar cuta. Babban masu cin sukari sune kwakwalwa da tsoka, da kuma tsotse nama.

Akwai nau'ikan tsari iri iri na metabolism:

Hanyar hanya mafi kyau ta tsari yana faruwa ta wannan hanyar: a kan ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin tausayi.
Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin catecholamines na jini, wanda ke haifar da glycogen gushewa da haɓaka glycemia.

Idan aka kunna sashen parasympathetic, wannan yana hade da aiki mai karfi na insulin da kuma hanzarta shigar kwayoyin kwayoyin a cikin wadannan kyallen da suke dogaro da insulin, wanda ke rage glucose a cikin jini.

Substa'idar aiki na glucose metabolism ya dogara da matakin shi cikin jini. Matsakaicin iyaka na hankali wanda tsarinsa a cikin hanta yayi daidai da amfanin nama shine 5.5-5.8 mmol / L.

A ƙananan matakin, hanta fara samar da glucose ga jini (ana kunna glycogen fashewa). Idan karatun sukari ya fi girma, to, aikin glycogen a cikin ƙwayar tsoka da ƙwayoyin hanta ya fi rinjaye.

Dokar Hormonal tana faruwa ne saboda aikin gaba ɗaya na tsarin endocrine, amma insulin yana da tasirin rage ƙarfi akan matakan sukari, yayin da duk sauran ke ƙaruwa. Samuwar insulin yana faruwa ne a cikin babban kwayoyin, wanda baya aiki kuma ana kiran shi proinsulin.

Wurin samar da aikin proinsulin shine islet nama a cikin koda. Tare da karuwa a cikin sukari na jini, ana kunna masu karuwar glucose. Bayan wannan, za a iya manne da kwayar ta proinsulin cikin insulin da wani sinadari mai daukar hankali mai suna C-peptide.

Enala'idar azabtarwa na faruwa ne a lokacin shafawar glucose a cikin glomeruli da ɗaukar abin da ya karɓa a cikin tubules na koda. Sakamakon wannan aikin, babu wani glucose a cikin fitsari na biyu, wanda aka keɓe daga jiki.

Idan tsarin ƙwayar cuta ta yara ta cika da matsanancin ƙwayar plasma na glucose, to, an fesa shi a cikin fitsari. Glucosuria yana faruwa ne bayan da matakin farko na glucose a cikin jini wanda yake gudana.

Wannan na faruwa ne idan sukarin jini ya wuce 9 mmol / L.

Gwajin glucose na jini

Don gudanar da nazarin yanayin yanayin metabolism, alamu na azumin glycemia da kuma bayan cin abinci an bincika. Don wannan, ana amfani da hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje ko glucometer, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a gida.

An gudanar da binciken ne bayan hutu na tsawon awanni 10 a cikin cin abinci, ban da aikin jiki, shan sigari, cin abinci ko abin sha, zai fi kyau amfani da tsabtataccen ruwan sha cikin ɗan ƙaramin abu don shawo ƙishirwa.

Idan mai haƙuri ya yi amfani da kowane magunguna, to, dole ne a yarda da dawowar su da farko tare da likitan halartar don samun sakamako mai aminci. Darajar ganewar jini gwajin jini ne da ake yi sau biyu akan ranaku daban.

Imar sukari a cikin mmol / l a cikin binciken da ke tattare da ƙwayar jini mai sankarar fata:

• Har zuwa 3.3 - hypoglycemia.
• 3-5.5 - sukari na jini al'ada ne.
• 6-6.1 - ciwon suga.
• Sama da 6.1 shine ciwon sukari.

Idan kuna zargin cin zarafin ƙwayoyin carbohydrate, ana yin TSH - gwajin haƙuri na glucose. Kuna buƙatar shirya shi - don ware damuwa na damuwa a cikin kwana uku, bai kamata a sami canje-canje ga abinci mai gina jiki da cututtuka masu yaduwa ba.

Ranar jarrabawar, kada ku shiga wasanni ko aiki mai ƙarfi, kada ku sha taba.

An nuna gwajin haƙuri a cikin glucose a gaban abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari ga mellitus na ciwon sukari, ana aiwatar da shi tare da hauhawar hauhawar jini, cholesterol mai hauhawar jini, matan da ke da ciwon sukari na gestational, ovaries polycystic, yaro da aka haife tare da nauyin jiki fiye da 4.5 kilogiram, tare da kiba, ɗaukar nauyi na gado, bayan da shekara 45 da haihuwa.

Gudanar da TSH ya hada da yin gwajin glucose na jini mai azumi, shan 75 g na glucose tare da ruwa, to mai haƙuri ya kamata ya huta na tsawon awanni 2 sannan zai yi gwajin jini na biyu.

Sakamakon gwajin nauyin sukari kamar haka:

1. Haƙuri na rashin daidaituwa na glucose, latent diabetes mellitus: kafin gwajin 6.95 mmol / l, bayan ciwan glucose - 7.8 - 11.1 mmol / l.
2. Rashin abinci mai narkewa a cikin azumi: ma'aunin 1 - 6.1-7 mmol / L, sakamakon na biyu ya kasa da 7.8 mmol / L.
3. Ciwon sukari (mellitus): kafin loda - fiye da 6.95, da kuma bayan - 11.1 mmol / l.
4. Al'ada: a kan komai a ciki - ƙasa da 5.6 mmol / l, bayan loda - ƙasa da 7.8 mmol / l.

Gluarancin glucose

Ana jin cutar rashin karfin jiki idan rage sukari ya kai 2.75 mmol / L. Healthyoshin lafiya yana iya jin ƙoshin maida hankali ko bayyanar cututtuka ba su da yawa. Tare da matakin sukari mai haɓaka koyaushe, alamun hypoglycemia na iya faruwa tare da abun ciki na glucose na al'ada.

Na al'ada na iya zama hypoglycemia na jiki tare da tsawaita tsawan lokaci a cikin abincin abinci ko tsawan aikin jiki ba tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ba. Rage cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta yana haɗuwa da shan magani ko barasa, kazalika da cututtuka.

Yaran da ba su haifuwa ba sun fi saurin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya saboda suna da babban nauyi na nauyin kwakwalwa zuwa nauyin jiki, kuma kwakwalwar tana cinye dumbin glucose. A lokaci guda, jarirai ba zasu iya maye gurbin glucose tare da jikin ketone ba, tunda suna da ketogenesis na halitta.

Sabili da haka, koda karamin digo na sukari, idan ya faru akan tsawan lokaci, na iya haifar da ci gaban ilimi. Hypoglycemia shine halayyar yara masu tsufa (har zuwa kilogiram 2.5 na nauyi) ko, idan uwar tana da ciwon suga.

Azumin hypoglycemia na faruwa da irin wannan yanayin:

• Adrenal bawo insufficiency.
• Doa yawan adadin ƙwayoyin sulfonylurea ko shirye-shiryen insulin.
• Wuce insulin tare da insulinoma.
• Hypothyroidism
• Cutar Ruwa
• Mai tsananin hanta ko cutar koda.
• Ciwon zazzabi.
• Rashin narkewa a cikin hanji, tiyata akan ciki.
• Tsarin Tumor, raunin kansa.

Ana nuna rashin ƙarfi a cikin jiki da rauni, rauni na gani, ciwon kai, sanadiyyar hutu, tsananin rauni, ƙoshin sassan jiki, raɗaɗi. Wadannan alamomin suna iyakance ga cutar rashin kwakwalwa.

Groupungiya ta biyu ta bayyanar cututtuka ta haɓaka tare da kunnawa na ramawa game da sakin jijiyoyin damuwa: tachycardia, sweating, palpitations, yunwar, hannuwa mai girgiza, pallor, tingling yatsunsu, lebe. Idan digon sukari ya ci gaba, cutar sikila ta haila.

Bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan cututtukan jini na faruwa tare da raguwar matsakaici a cikin sukari, wanda aka maimaita shi tsawon lokaci. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: canjin hali, asarar ƙwaƙwalwa, dementia, psychosis, a cikin yara - wannan jinkiri ne na ci gaba, jinkirta tunani.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia ana ɗauka a matsayin karuwa ne a cikin taro na glucose sama da 5.5 mmol / L. Zai yiwu a danganta shi da yawan ƙwayoyin carbohydrates, waɗanda suke sha da sauri. Wannan nau'in ana kiran shi alimentary ko postprandial. Yunƙurin tashin hankali na sukari yana faruwa ne sakamakon tasirin hormones - glucocorticoids da catecholamines waɗanda aka kafa a wannan lokacin.

Kwayar cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta haɓaka tare da haɓaka aiki ko tsari na tumor a cikin gabobin tsarin endocrine - glandon, ƙwayar huhu, glandon adrenal ko cikin glandar thyroid. Ciwon sukari mellitus shine ɗayan manyan abubuwanda ke haifar da ci gaba a cikin sukari.

Hanyar haɓakar haɓakar hyperglycemia a cikin ciwon sukari ya dogara da abin da ke haifar dashi. Nau'in cuta ta farko tana faruwa ne akan asalin asarar kwayoyin cutar insulin dake rufe jikin mutum. Ga masu ciwon sukari na nau'in na biyu, babban rawa ana wasa da juriya na insulin nama wanda ke faruwa yayin rikicewar metabolism, mafi mahimmancin su shine kiba.

Tare da alamu bayyanar cututtuka na hyperglycemia, alamun bayyanar cututtuka masu zuwa suna tasowa cikin jiki:

1. Thirstara yawan ƙishirwa.
2. Jin kai, duk da cewa mutum ya ci abinci da kyau.
3. Akai-akai da kwafin fitarwa na fitarwa.
4. Ciwon kai.
5. Rashin ƙarfi, gajiya.
6. Visionaramin gani.
7. Itchy fata da bushewar mucous membranes.

Za'a iya bayyanar da sauye-sauye a cikin nauyin jiki ba kawai ta hanyar rasa nauyi ba (tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1), amma kuma ta hanyar yawan kiba a cikin nau'in cuta ta biyu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa insulin yana inganta adon mai a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin nama. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, babu kadan a cikin jini, kuma don nau'in na biyu, hyperinsulinemia halaye ne, musamman a farkon cutar.

Prolongara yawan jini a cikin jini yana haifar da raguwa cikin rigakafi, haɓaka cututtukan cututtuka, kyandir, da jinkirin warkar da raunuka da raunin ulcerative. Rashin ƙarancin jini da lalacewar ƙwayoyin jijiya suna haifar da ragewar ji na ƙananan ƙarshen, haɓakar polyneuropathy.

Rashin rikitarwa na yau da kullun na ciwon sukari mellitus wanda ke haɓaka tare da ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa a cikin jini sune lalacewar kodan, ƙyallen ido, da lalata ganuwar manyan ƙananan jini.

Hyperglycemia kuma yana haifar da mummunan rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, ciki har da ketoacidosis, hypersmolar coma, wanda matakan glucose na iya zuwa 32 mmol / L kuma mafi girma.

Hyperglycemia yana da bambanci mai ƙarfi dangane da maida hankali na glucose a cikin jini (a mmol / l):

• Haske - 6.7-8.2.
• Verarfin matsakaici - 8.3-11.
• Mai tsananin wuya - Sama da 11.1
• Precoma yana faruwa ne a 16.5, adadin mafi girma yana haifar da komputa.

Hyperglycemia a cikin masu ciwon sukari yana faruwa lokacin da kuka tsallake shan kwayoyin don rage sukari ko allurar insulin, sannan kuma idan adadinsu bai isa ba.

Wannan yanayin na iya faruwa lokacin cin abinci mai narkewa mai ƙarfi, ƙari na kamuwa da cuta ko wata cuta, damuwa, raguwa a matakin al'ada na ayyukan jiki.

Manunin sukari na sa ido a kai

Lokacin amfani da na'ura don auna glucose a cikin jini, dole ne ka bi ingantaccen fasaha don nazarin jini da yawan gwaje-gwaje. A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus na nau'in farko, marassa lafiya yakamata su yanke hukuncin glycemia aƙalla sau 4 a rana: sau uku kafin abinci da kafin lokacin kwanciya.

Hakanan ana iya buƙatar ƙarin gwargwado a cikin dare, bayan tsananin aiki na jiki ko canje-canje masu mahimmanci na abinci. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar cewa kula da sukari da kanka lokaci-lokaci bayan an gama cin abinci (bayan awanni 2).

A nau’i na biyu, masu haƙuri na iya zama a kan maganin insulin ko ɗaukar magungunan masu ciwon sukari, kuma haɗuwa tare da insulin na tsawon lokaci da kuma kwayoyin hana daukar ciki don rage sukari.

Idan an wajabta mai haƙuri da ƙwayar insulin, to, tsarin binciken daidai yake da na farkon masu ciwon sukari. Idan ya sami allura guda daya a rana ko allunan kawai, to yawanci ya isa a auna sukari sau daya, amma a lokuta daban-daban na rana.

Lokacin amfani da shirye-shiryen insulin, wanda ya ƙunshi insulin mai tsawo da gajere, ana aiwatar da iko sau biyu a rana. Tare da kowane zaɓi na magani, ya kamata a zana ginshiƙi sau ɗaya a mako, yana nuna ma'aunin sau 4 na glycemia.

Idan hanyar ciwon sukari tana tafiya tare da kaifi mai yawa a cikin sukari, to, yawan nunin ya kamata ya zama mafi girma, ya kamata likita ya shawarce shi. Hakanan yana ƙaddara matakin glucose mai mahimmanci ga kowane haƙuri, dangane da shekaru, salon rayuwa, nauyin jikin.

Ka'idojin ka'idodi na gudanar da aikin sa-kai a kan sukari na jini:

1. Jini daga yatsa ya fi dacewa da nazari; za a canza wurin falle.
2. Ana aiwatar da allurar ne daga gefe, zurfin kada ya kasance fiye da milimita 2-3.
3. Duk abubuwanda zasu zama bakararre ne kuma koyaushe mutum yayi.
4. Tare da zagayawa mara kyau na jini, kafin bincike, kana buƙatar tausa yatsanka kuma ka wanke hannuwanka da ruwa mai ɗumi, bushe.
5. Kafin aunawa, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da lambar a cikin kwalbar tare da tsarar gwajin kuma akan allon mitir.
6. Ba a yi amfani da digo na farko don bincike ba, ana buƙatar cire shi tare da busassun auduga.
7. Comparfafa ƙarfi na yatsa yana haifar da haɗuwa da jini tare da ƙwayar nama, wanda ke gurbata sakamako.

Aiwatar da digo na jini kawai a gefen tsiri gwajin, wanda aka yi alama a baki. Kafin aunawa, tsirin gwajin dole ne ya kasance a cikin kwalban da aka rufe, saboda yana da laima ga danshi. Ba za a iya ɗauka ba daga kwalban tare da yatsun rigar. Hakanan, ba za ku iya canza wuraren ajiya na tsaran gwajin ba, saboda takaddun asali sun ƙunshi kayan ɓoye.

Dole a adana igiyoyin a cikin busassun wuri a zazzabi na ɗakin, kafin amfani da buƙatar tabbatar cewa ranar karewa da aka nuna akan kunshin bai wuce ba. Bayan kammalawa, irin waɗannan matakan gwajin na iya gurbata sakamako na sakamako.

Don bayyanar gwaje-gwaje, ana amfani da tsinkaye na gani don tantance sukari na jini.Za a iya amfani dasu idan babu glucometer. Hakanan zaka iya mayar da hankali kan sakamakon ƙuduri ta amfani da irin waɗannan tsarukan a cikin gano gawarwakin ketone a cikin jini da fitsari.

Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin yana nuna yadda zaka iya auna sukarin jini da kansa.