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Sun aiko mana da labarin abin mamaki, wanda kawai bazamu iya wucewa ba! Kowane mutum yana da sauƙin karanta shi, ko da yana da ciwon sukari ko a'a.

Don haka, nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, menene? Lyrically game da kimiyya.

Jikin mu yana da sashin jiki wanda nauyinsa ya kai kimanin gram. A gram kawai, amma ba za ku iya rayuwa ba tare da ita ba. A cikin shekara, wannan jikin yana ƙin kusan 1,500 Belarusians, jimlar adadin shari'ar sun kusan 20 dubu. Wannan bai taɓa faruwa ba, kuma likitoci suna magana game da annoba. Me ke faruwa?

1. Mene ne tsibirin na Langerhans?

Inyanan ƙananan ƙwayoyin sel na musamman sun watse cikin wutsiyar mutum, kamar tsibiran teku a teku. Wadannan gungu suna kama da tsibiri, kuma ana kiran su da wannan - tsibirin na Langerhans, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wani likita na Berlin wanda ya bincika su a ƙasan microscope shekara da rabi da suka gabata. Dangane da dabarun: Lan-ger-gans.

Jimlar tarin tsibiri na Langerhans kusan gram ne, amma wannan shine mafi mahimmancin kwayoyin endocrine, suna ɓoye mahimman hormones guda biyar, daga cikinsu akwai insulin. Insula, wanda aka fassara daga Latin, yana nufin "tsibiri", ana iya tunanin kwayar insulin a matsayin tsibiran tsibiri daga wannan tsibiri na Langerhans.

Ci gaba da tafiya cikin jiki, waɗannan "tsibirin" tare da amincin allahntaka suna daidaita tattarawar glucose a cikin jini, kuma glucose yana ciyar da ƙwayoyin nama, shine asalin tushen kuzari ga dukkan abubuwa masu rai a duniya. Ba tare da insulin ba, glucose bazai sha ba, kuma idan ba'a sha ba, ya wuce gona da iri, zai zama guba.

2. Yaya insulin yake aiki?

Insulin yana buɗe membranes din sel, glucose ya shiga cikin sel kuma ya cinye su, matakin sa a cikin jini yana raguwa zuwa al'ada. Tare da rashin insulin, ana rufe membranes, kyallen takarda na fama da yunwa, kuma glucose a cikin jini yana tattarawa zuwa matakin mahimmanci kuma, tare da haɗin acetone da aka kafa, yana lalata jiki.

Ka yi tunanin tsibirin na Langerhans ba zato ba tsammani. Don wasu dalilai, ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke samar da insulin sun mutu, mazauna tsibirin sun mutu. Wannan halin mai rauni ne, mai haƙuri yana da kwanaki da yawa, wataƙila mako guda. Amma kusan mutane dubu 20 a Belarus kuma har zuwa miliyan 20 a cikin duniya sun zauna na shekaru. Ta yaya?

Ya juya cewa idan ba ku da insulin na kanku, zaku iya allurar baƙon. Amma nawa? Shigar da kadan → hyperglycemia → karuwar lalacewar jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini, lalacewar gani, gazawar renal, allura mai yawa ko ɓacewa, allura maimakon da ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin tsoka → saurin hauhawar jini, coma.

3. Menene ya haifar da rushewar tsibirin na Langerhans?

Hyperglycemia shine wuce haddi na glucose a cikin jini, hypoglycemia shine rashin sa. Duka yanayin suna da haɗari. Tsakanin su - ƙa'ida - rayuwa ta ci gaba. Ka tuna da mai hali, mai kallon damuwa, lokacin a cikin fina-finai lokacin da jaruma, ke hana ma'adanan, za a zabi tsakanin wayoyi biyu - ja da shudi?

Mutumin da aka ƙi tsibirin na Langerhans na dindindin, dare da rana, yana cikin wannan matsananciyar damuwa - ba za ku iya yin kuskure ba! Amma idan gwarzo a cikin fim, zaɓi waya, kawai abubuwan ban mamaki da sa'a, to, gwarzonmu, lokacin da yake yin insulin, bai kamata ya tsammani ba, amma da sauri (ƙidaya na mintina) warware daidaituwa tare da masu canji da yawa.

Da yawa daga cikinmu, suna hayaniya a cikin azuzuwan lissafi, suna tunani: wannan ba zai yiwu a taɓa zuwa gare ni ba. Amma ga wani, yanzu, lissafi ba shi da amfani kawai, amma ya zama dole don kada ya mutu. Kuma yin yawo ba zai yi aiki ba. Kuma darasi ba tsallake bane. “Deuce ga mujallar” daidai yake da jumla. Koyaushe a allo. Kidaya, kirga. Don rayuwa.

4. Matsalar sarrafa cututtukan koda

Matsalar ita ce kusan dukkanin marasa lafiya yara ne. Iyaye suna la'akari da su. Likitoci na iya ƙidaya kwanaki da yawa - ba a yarda da su ba, nazarin kanku. Wasu maki za a iya sauƙaƙe tare da taimakon aikace-aikace / shirye-shirye, na'urori da tsarin, idan akwai isasshen kuɗi don siyan su (ƙari akan wannan ƙasa).

Daidaiwar allahntaka ingantaccen tsarin karimin carbohydrate ba ƙari bane. Kimiyya, kasancewa da ikonta, manyan na'urori, hankali, wucin gadi, biliyoyin daloli a cikin kasafin kuɗi, har yanzu ba za su iya ƙirƙirar ƙirar halitta don samar da insulin ba. Ilimin da aka samu shine matakin kare kai.

Insulin shine mafi yawan horon da ake karantawa. Ba da daɗewa ba insulin likita ya cika shekaru 100 da haihuwa. Koyaya, har yanzu baza ku iya yin ba tare da lissafin “manual” ba. Sun ce akwai riga wayar adadi. Amma har yanzu babu wani kayan aikin da zai maimaita aikin samarda insulin ta kai tsaye. Amma menene?

5. Da menene ake kula da ciwon sukari?

Daga ci gaba mai tsada:
1) tsarin cigaba da lura da matakan glucose tare da firikwensin subcutaneous,
2) tsarin isar da insulin tare da maimaitattun microdoses tare da catheter subcutaneous,
3) dabaru wadanda zasu hade dukkan bangarorin a karkashin sunan mara gaskiya da wanda bai dace ba na “alakar ta wucin gadi”.

Daga cikin:
1) gluceta tare da yatsun gwaji da lancets don samin jini,
2) sirinji na yau da kullun da kuma alkalami na alli tare da ampoules na ɗan ƙaramin sauƙaƙe allura.

Shin kana sha'awar gwajin jini daga yatsanka da allura a cikinka? Kuma ga waɗansu wuri ne gama gari, al'ada ce da ake maimaitawa yayin rana.

Dole ne ku murza yatsunsu sau da yawa: kafin kowane abinci da bayan, da dare, da dare - kusan sau 10. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin idan sukari "mai biyayya". Amma tare da damuwa ta jiki da ta tunani, a cikin lokacin balaga da kuma tare da sanyi, yawan glucose yana da wuya a hango ko hasashen, saboda haka adadin ma'aunai na iya ninkawa.

6. Me yasa ciwon sukari?

Gwaje-gwaje 10 a rana, 20. adsogunan kwanto a hankali sun rasa hankali. “Dadi” mutane suna cewa hakan baya sakewa. Inje shine yafi zafi amma za'a iya jurewa. Wajibi ne a jimre sau 6-8 a rana. Kwayar mai kitse a cikin wuraren rauni zai iya zama m, nakasa, wannan ana kiran shi lipodystrophy.

Me yasa waɗannan mutane “masu dadi”? Saboda cutar su, bisa ga alama - ƙara "sukari" a cikin jini da fitsari - ana kiran su da ciwon sukari mellitus ko, a cikin Latin - maganin ciwon sukari na zuma (ciwon sukari mellītus). "Diabayno" kalmar Girkanci ce "gudana ta", "wucewa." Me ake nufi da Helenawa?

Dangane da tsohuwar gaskatawar, kowane ruwa yana gudana ta hanyar masu ciwon sukari ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Komai ya sha, komai ya fito da hanzari tare da fitsari (polyuria), sai ƙishirwa ta sa mara lafiyar. Idan fitsari ya kasance mai daɗi - mellitus na sukari, ba a sanya shi ba - insipidus na ciwon sukari (alal misali, insipidus ciwon sukari).

7. Waɗanne nau'in ciwon sukari?

Akwai rashin ciwon sukari guda biyar. Hakanan akwai guda biyar na sukari, suna haɗuwa a cikin nau'i biyu: nau'in 1 (T1D) - an lalata sel panc-pancreatic, ba a samar da insulin ba, nau'in 2 (T2D) - ana samar da insulin, amma membranes cell a cikin kyallen suna tsinkaye shi zuwa iyaka tsayayya (jure insulin).

Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana da alaƙa da kiba, zagi abinci mai ladabi, salon rayuwa mai tsayi, ana kiransa azabar zamaninmu. Wata annoba ga masu ciwon sukari nau'in 1 shine canja wuri zuwa gare su game da abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar daga masu ciwon sukari na 2.

A halin yanzu, yanayin T1D da T2D ya sha bamban. T1D cuta ce ta mutum wanda ba a santa sosai ba etiology; ba a san yadda za a guji shi ba; T2D cuta ce ta rayuwa wanda ke da cikakkiyar ilmin ilmin kimiya na ilimi; yadda za a guji saninsa.

8. Me yasa kwayoyin sel suke mutuwa?

Me yasa insulocytes (β-sel) suka mutu a tsibiran Langerhans? Su, "sun shiga mahaukaci", suna fama da tsarin na rigakafi. Tare da babban yiwuwar, abubuwanda ke haifar da wannan barna, a banbancin asalin kwayar halitta, sune abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli: ƙwayoyin cuta, gubobi. An lura da dangantakar ilimin kididdiga tsakanin T1D da ciyar da jarirai tare da kayan madara.

Haɓaka T1D da T2D a tsinkaye yau da kullun matsala ce mai ɓacin rai ga mutanen da ke da T1D, saboda T2D yawanci cuta ce ta salon rayuwa, rigakafinta shine abinci mai kyau / tsarin rayuwa. Kuma pro1laxis T1D ba ya wanzu, haɗari ne mai haɗari ga rashin magancewa.

Dole ne mutum ya jimre alamu mara kyau, zargi, bayani da ma uzuri.

Shin za a iya hana cutar sukari na 1?

Da alama dai a'a. Cututtukan autoimmune ana haifar da su a wani lokacin da ba a san su ba ta hanyar haɗin da ba a sani ba da yawa "maɓallin": alal misali, "damuwa + mura + madara", "toxin + gadar + ƙwayoyin cuta", "alurar rigakafi + bitamin + ciki" da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan maganganu.

9. Me ke haifar da ciwon sukari?

Kewaya kare, dan “gwanin kwamfuta” ba zai bude baki ba, amma ya yi kasa da shekaru, ya wuce zuwa zuriya. Marasa lafiya da ƙaunatattun su, suna kallon baya, jujjuyawar abubuwan da suka faru, yin tunani, zurfafa cikin abin da ya faru, suna ba da shawarar yin zato game da wani abu, amma ƙarshen bincikensu, da kuma tunanin masu binciken, ana tambayarsu ne kawai.

Koyaya, an san jami'ai cewa, sau ɗaya cikin jiki, tabbas zai lalata β-sel kuma ya haifar da T1D. Misali, magunguna streptozocin, pentamidine, poisons pirinuron, pyriminil, vacor. An tabbatar da haɗarin su, amma samarwa da amfani a wasu ƙasashe ya ci gaba!

Kuna son rayuwa - yi yara

Mutanen da ke da yara suna rayuwa fiye da marasa haihuwa

Mutanen da ke da yara suna rayuwa fiye da marasa haihuwa - irin wannan masanan kimiyya daga Sweden ne suka yanke wannan. Bambancin rayuwar rayuwa tsakanin wadancan da wasu bayan shekaru 60, shekaru 2 ne. Wannan salon gaskiya ne ga maza.

A cikin duka duka, 704 maza da mata 725 sama da 60 suka shiga cikin binciken.

Ana samun ra'ayoyin kawai don yin rajista a shafin

Bayanai

Abu na biyu da hadin gwiwa ya gabatar ne daga bakin J Jay Caruso da kuma dan wasan matasa Shayi LaBeouf. Fim ɗin haɗin haɗin su na farko ya zama mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa kuma wannan aikin ba zai iya tayar da shakku game da ingancin ba.

Tun da farko an shirya cewa Steven Spielberg zai zauna a kujerar darektan, amma ya fi son yin aiki a fim ɗin Indiana Jones na ƙarshe, kodayake ya kasance babban mai gabatar da kaset ɗin. Irin wannan bayanin game da fim ɗin yana magana don kansa kuma zaka iya tunanin cewa lokacin da kake kallon hoton babu shakka bazai dame ka ba.
Amma idan har yanzu baku da sha'awar ganin hoton bayan karanta ƙididdigar, kallon trailer zai canza ainihin shawarar ku.

Babban halin, saurayi wanda ke jagorantar rayuwar rashin kulawa kuma baya yin komai don komai. Brotheran uwan ​​nasa biyu suna mutuwa, yana tilasta shi sake saduwa da iyalinsa. Da isowarsa, sai mutumin ya tarar da kudade masu yawa akan katin bashi da kwalaye da yawa a cikin gidansa. Fellowan uwan ​​talakawa har yanzu bai san an jawo shi cikin wasa mai haɗari ba. A cikin layi daya tare da wannan, mahaifiyar ta karɓi kiran waya ita kaɗai, wanda ta ce idan ba ta bi duk umarnin ba, ɗanta zai mutu.

Hoton yana da haske sosai kuma yana da karfi, yana da tekun adrenaline kuma, mahimmanci mahimmanci, ɗaukar hoto wanda ke riƙe mai kallo a cikin wani tashin hankali don yawancin hoton, kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na duk abubuwan kallo. Abu ne mai matukar wahala a hango ko yaya manyan jiga-jigan suke ficewa daga matsala da kuma yadda zasu cika ayyuka masu wuya da wahala domin ceton rayukansu. Hoton yana da kuzari da wata irin saƙo da ke tallafa wa mai kallo a yanayin aiki da rivets zuwa allo.

'Yan wasan kwaikwayon sun taka rawa sosai, sun sake yin aure kamar yadda zai yiwu daga halayen su kuma sunyi ƙoƙarin isar da motsin zuciyar su da abin da ke ji idan duk abin ya faru da gaske. Baya ga asirai da aiki, yin aiki zai taka muhimmiyar rawa, lokacin da manyan haruffa suke ganin abin yarda ne kuma suna sanya tef ɗin ya zama mafi kayatarwa kuma mai ban sha'awa.

Gaskiya: Ina ba da shawarar cewa duk magoya bayan 'yan wasan kwalliyar tsauraran ra'ayi tare da wani shiri mai ban sha'awa su gani.