Menene sakamakon gwajin jini na prothrombin da fibrinogen ya nuna kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci ga masu ciwon sukari? Tsarin Prothrombin: daidaituwa da karkacewa

Sabar ta sadu da wani kuskuren ciki ko kuskuren ciki kuma bai iya kammala buƙatarka ba.

Da fatan za a tuntuɓi mai kula da uwar garke a imel da aka kiyaye don sanar da su lokacin da wannan kuskuren ya faru, da kuma ayyukan da kuka yi kafin wannan kuskuren.

Informationarin bayani game da wannan kuskuren na iya kasancewa a cikin kuskuren uwar garken.

Bugu da ƙari, an sami kuskuren Sabis na 503 na sabis yayin ƙoƙarin amfani da KuskurenDocument don gudanar da buƙatun.

Aiki na yau da kullun

A cikin ƙwararren lafiya, ƙimar IPI na iya bambanta daga 70% zuwa 140%, amma a wasu halaye na ɓacewa na iya zama mafi mahimmanci kuma duk da haka, za a yi la'akari da al'ada. Misali, yayin wani shan kwayoyi. A halin yanzu, likitoci suna amfani da Table-Match Table don PTI, an samo shi ne akan bayanan ƙididdiga masu yawa akan lamuran coagulation na jinin mutane masu lafiya, kuma a yau shine mafi dacewa.

• har zuwa 6 80-100
• 6-12 79-102
• 12-18 78-110
• 18-25 82-115
• 25-45 78-135
• 45-65 daga 78 zuwa 140

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Don yin lissafin IPT, ya zama dole don raba lokacin bayanan prothrombin ta hanyar prothrombin na mai haƙuri ana bincika shi, kuma ya ninka da 100%.

Dalilai na sabawa doka

Manuniya na PTI sun dogara da matakin prothrombin a cikin jini, abubuwa da yawa da suka danganci cututtuka, magani da salon rayuwarku na iya samun tasiri kan karuwa ko raguwa. Alamar da ke ƙasa yanayin ƙa'idar alama ce ta yanayin zub da jini, kuma ana kiranta hypocoagulation. Fassarar haɓaka, bi da bi, ana kiranta hypercoagulation, tana nuna tsananin yuwuwar ƙwaƙwalwar jini wanda zai iya rufe hanyoyin jini. Dukkanin karkacewar biyu tana yin barazanar cutarwa mai hatsari, gami da mutuwa.

Matsaloli da ka iya haifar da matakan haɓaka prothrombin:

1. Rashin bitamin K yana haifar da zub da jini, yana rushe tsarin abubuwan da ke haifar da coagulation.
2. Hankalin hanta yana da alhakin samar da bitamin da ke sama a cikin jikin mutum, don haka cututtukan hanta na iya zama sanadin.
3. Cutar abinci ta jikin mutum sakamakon cututtukan cututtukan hanji.
4. Dalilin magani, amfani da toshe magunguna
5. Tsarin gado.

Matsaloli da ka iya haddasa ƙananan matakan prothrombin:

1. Contentara abun ciki.
2. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta.
3. Ciki a cikin ƙarshen watanni.
4. Oncology.
5. Wasu magungunan steroid.
6. Rashin Heparin.

Mahimmanci! Ko da kuna jin lafiya, amma kowane ɗayan abubuwan da aka lissafa yana kasancewa a cikin rayuwar ku, kada ku kasance masu raunin ƙaiƙayi - ku ci jarrabawar.

Lokaci da kuɗin ku na kuɗi ba za a iya kwatanta su da sakamakon sakamakon rashin aiki ba.

Fasali na nazarin alamomin mace

Yayin samun juna biyu, tsarin halittar hormonal na mace yana fuskantar hadari. Game da wannan, ƙimar PTI tana ƙaruwa, kuma tana buƙatar kulawa akai-akai kuma, idan ya cancanta, daidaitawa, tunda babban haɓaka ko raguwa a cikin ƙa'idar PTI yana barazanar mummunan sakamako ga mahaifiya da jariri. Dangane da karuwa a cikin bayanan prothrombin zuwa kashi 150% kuma mafi girma, akwai haɗarin zubar da jini na mahaifa. Game da ƙananan ƙididdiga, 80% ko ƙasa da haka, yiwuwar zubar jini mai yawa yana ƙaruwa, duka biyu da kuma bayan gida. Rashin kula da PTI yayin daukar ciki abu ne da ba a yarda da shi ba.

Mahimmanci! A cewar kididdigar, kusan kashi 10% na matan da suka qi yin gwajin PTI suna da rikice-rikice yayin haihuwa, har ma da mutuwa.

Yaya za a ƙaddamar da bincike, kuma wanene yake buƙatar yin wannan a kai a kai?

Ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, marasa lafiya dole ne su bi shawarwarin gaggawa yayin bayar da gudummawar jini don nazarin ƙididdigar prothrombin. Abincin da ya gabata yakamata ya kasance ba a cikin awa 9 ba kafin bincike. Samun jini yakamata ya faru a kan komai a ciki. A kan Hauwa, an bada shawarar dena abinci tare da babban abun ciki na kayan yaji, mai da gishiri. Kafin bincike, ware kofi, koko, shayi, soda da sauran abubuwan sha. Sha kawai tsabta ruwa mai tsabta. Ya kamata ku guji barasa da shan sigari a rana kafin bayar da jini. Haramcin haramtawa tsawan lokaci haramun ne. Faɗa wa likitanka game da magunguna da kuke shanwa.

Mahimmanci! Kwayoyin rigakafi, hana kwayoyin hana haihuwa, laxatives, da sauran wasu magunguna na iya yin tasiri sosai kan binciken PTI. Tabbatar ka gargadi likitanka game da shan irin wadannan kudade.

Baya ga ikon sarrafa prothrombin index a lokacin daukar ciki, ayyukan tiyata da darussan hormonal da aka yarda da likitan, ya zama dole kuma a sanya ido kan matakin prothrombin a cikin jini akan tunanin kansu, musamman a karkashin yanayin da aka tattauna a kasa.

Idan kun haɗu shekaru 50, yakamata ku kula da bayanan prothrombin a kai a kai, ba tare da jinsi ba A Rasha, ɗayan mafi girman adadin masu mutuwa daga cututtukan zuciya a cikin duniya, ganewar asali na zamani na iya ceton ran wanda ba shi tsammani. Idan baku fada a cikin wannan rukunin shekarun ba, kar a zubar da buƙatar kula da lafiyar ku. Yi nazarin akalla sau ɗaya a shekara don rigakafin, ba nauyi ba ne, amma idan akwai ilimin ilimin cutar alaƙa da ke da alaƙa da prothrombin, zai yi muku kyau sosai.

Hankali! Kiwan lafiya shine babban dukiyar ku. Kar a ja har sai alamun lafiyan ya bayyana, musamman idan ya shafi cutar zuciya. Sanya jarrabawar a gaba, domin hanawa.

Kulawa na yau da kullun na IPT ya kamata ya zama doka ga masu ɗaukar jijiyoyin bugun zuciya, marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya, atherosclerosis, varicose veins, matsalolin gynecological, neoplasms mara nauyi, kazalika da cututtukan hanta. Kuma ga citizensan ƙasar da ke da ƙoshin lafiya waɗanda ke kula da lafiyar kansu.

Shin ana iya shafar matakan prothrombin ba tare da magani ba?

Idan matsalar ta kasance mai mahimmanci, to ba za ku iya yin ba tare da taimakon likita ba. Koyaya, lura da wasu buƙatu na gastronomic, zaku iya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga lafiyar ku.

• Oatmeal. Tun daga lokacin yaro, kowa yasan cewa oatmeal na karin kumallo shine mabuɗin zuwa ranar nasara, akwai bayanin likita game da wannan - yana hana zubar jini.
• Zaitun, man zaitun
• Beetroot, ruwan tumatir, babban abinda shine kar a kara gishiri a cikinsu.
• Jinya - yana hana ginin jini kuma yana haɓaka jinin.
• Abarba na Pineapple, za a iya kara wa oatmeal.
• Beets - komai namu, a cikin borsch baya rasa kaddarorin dangi na prothrombin.

Mahimmanci! Tare da haɓaka matakin prothrombin, yawan sha, giya da abinci mai yakamata a rage.

A karamin matakin, cinye yawancin abincin da za a iya samu a gaba:

• Samfuran da ke dauke da acid na omega-3 - man kifi, abincin teku.
• Dukkanin oatmeal iri ɗaya ne, ita yar faɗa ce a duniya.
• Tafarnuwa, albasa.
• Ganyen shayi.
• Berries na kowa a Rasha shine cranberries, raspberries.
• 'Ya'yan itacen Citrus.

Mahimmanci! Tare da ƙaramin matakin prothrombin, iyakance amfani da kayan ƙwari, kayan gasa, ƙamshi mai ƙanshi da kitsen dabbobi.

Baya ga matakin prothrombin a cikin jini, saka idanu akan abincinka zai baka damar magance dumbin matsalolin kiwon lafiya.

A cikin jikin mutum akwai motsi na jini akai-akai - ruwa mai ba da rai wanda ke ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga dukkanin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum da metabolism. Tsawon tasoshin jiragen ruwa shine dubban kilomita, kuma yankin su ya wuce rabin hectare. Ba zai yiwu a yi tunanin yadda wannan duka ya dace da jikin saurayi ba.

Amma adadin ruwa mai ba da rai kaɗan ne: ga maza - kaɗan da lita biyar, kuma ga mata - kusan huɗu. Saboda haka, lokacin da raunin ko yankewa suka keta mutuncin tsarin wurare dabam dabam, abubuwan da ke ciki zasu iya zubar da sauri, suna barazanar mutum da mummunan sakamako.
Idan ba a hana zubar da jini ba, babban jigilar abubuwan hawa wanda ke kula da dukkan jikin mutum zai daina kasancewa.

Don hana wannan daga faruwa, yanayi ya kirkiro tsarin da ke da alhakin coagulation na jini. Ita ce ke da ikon buɗe hanyoyin kariya waɗanda ke rufe rauni kuma ba sa barin jini ya bar tasoshin.

Darajar prothrombin a jiki

Wani sashi na wannan tsarin sune kariya ta plasma na musamman da ake kira abubuwan coagulation. Lambobin Roman suna nuna su daga I zuwa XIII. Prothrombin yana ɗayan manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Wannan sinadari coagulation factor II.

Sunan "prothrombin" yana nuna cewa shine farkon zuwa thrombin, enzyme mai aiki. Tare da taimakonsa, suturar jini (thrombus) yayi, yana rufe rauni da dakatar da zubar jini.

Matsayi na prothrombin na yau da kullun yana nuna cewa tsarin coagulation na jini yana aiki yadda ya kamata kuma jiki na iya dakatar da asarar wannan ruwa mai bada rai cikin lokaci.

Ba a yin nazarin abubuwan da ke kunshe da furotin koda yaushe kamar gwajin asibiti ne na jini. Wannan hanyar ba sauki kuma an wajabta ta ne kawai idan akwai gaggawa, alal misali, tare da cututtukan jini ko a gaban matsaloli tare da coagulability.

Eterayyade matakin prothrombin - mafi mahimmancin gwajin hemostasiogram .

Farashin Prothrombin

Kwayoyin prothrombin suna fashewa da sauri da sauri. Zai yi wuya a raba su da wasu sunadarai, wanda ke rikitar da matsayin sa sosai. Don ƙididdigar inganci, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa.

• Prothrombin ta hanyar sauri . A yau, ana yarda da wannan hanyar gaba ɗaya kuma gama gari. Wannan dabarar tana ba da lissafin matakin abu kamar kashi na adadin wanda za'a yarda. Ana la'akari da waɗannan dabi'u masu kyau (%):
  • m - 70,
  • matsakaicin shine 120.

  Mai nuna alama yana ba ka damar sanin aikin plasma plasma hadadden kwatancen daban-daban na dillancin plasma na mai haƙuri. An tsara zane-zanen canje-canje na prothrombin, wanda aka gina shi dangane da bayanai akan lokacin ɗaukar jini.

  Expertswararrun Bincike suna ƙimar masana a matsayin mafi daidaituwa lokacin da aka yi ƙimar ƙananan prothrombin.

• Maganin Prothrombin - wanda aka ƙaddara azaman kashi. Alamar yau da kullun tana cikin irin wannan iyakoki (%):
  • m - 95,
  • matsakaicin shine 105.

  Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen guda biyu da aka ambata a sama na iya daidaituwa idan prothrombin al'ada ne. Amma lokacin da darajarta tayi ƙasa da ƙima, suna rarrabewa sosai. Indexididdigar ta dogara da ƙwaƙwalwar sinadaran da ake amfani da su a gwajin.

  Lokacin Prothrombin - yana nuna yawan seconds na maganin ƙwayar plasma bayan ƙara cakuda ta musamman.

  Bayanan gwajin karshe ya dogara da shekaru. A cikin jarirai sabon haihuwa, lokacin coagulation jini na iya zama daga 14 zuwa 18 seconds. Kuma waɗannan alamun suna al'ada. A cikin manya, tsawan tazara 10 zuwa 15 ana ɗauka mafi kyau duka.

  Dangantakar Kayan Kasashen Duniya - INR . Wannan hanyar ba na tilas bane kuma ana amfani dashi don sarrafa sakamakon gwajin prothrombin.

  Ana ba da shawarar hanyar INR ta hanyar kwararru na WHO da sauran ƙungiyoyi na duniya da kwamitocin da ke nazarin thrombosis kuma daidaita matsayin ilimin jini. Sakamakon irin wannan gwajin ya ba da izinin likita don lura da tasirin magani tare da maganin rashin amfani da jini, abubuwa masu haɓaka waɗanda ke rage matakin prothrombin a cikin jini da rage jinkirin sa. Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna don maganin thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, watau, rashin lafiyar da ke haifar da haɗari na jini a cikin jijiyoyin.

  INR yawanci 0.85-1.15.

  Lokacin da lura da cututtuka irin su embolism na huhu, thrombosis venous, ko pathology of the valves na zuciya suna nan, iyakokin da aka yarda sun ƙaru zuwa 3.0.

  Alamu don gwajin prothrombin

  Likita na iya yin gwajin jini na prothrombin a cikin irin waɗannan halaye:

  • mara lafiya yana da zub da jini wanda baya tsayawa tsawan tsawan lokaci (wannan a fili yana nuna cewa coagulation jini yana kasa da al'ada),
  • ayyukan enzymes na hanta da hanta gaba daya yana raguwa,
  • don lura da coagulation tare da tsawanta amfani da magungunan kashe kwari,
  • tare da cututtukan antiphospholipid don fayyace dalilin cutar,
  • idan akwai cututtukan da ke tattare da rashin bitamin K.

  Wasu dalilai na kaikaice waɗanda ke buƙatar bincike na prothrombin keɓaɓɓu ne daban. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana sanya mata karatun ne daga shekara 50 zuwa 60. A wannan lokacin ne canje-canje na hormonal ya faru, yana haifar da canji a cikin tsari da tsarin jini.

  Irin waɗannan likitocin suna iya ba da izinin yin bincike:

  • mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
  • majinyaci
  • likita mai fiɗa
  • likitan zuciya
  • sake farfado da maganin sa maye,
  • likitan huhu
  • likitan dabbobi

  Don bincike, ana amfani da jini daga jijiya. Domin sakamakon ya kasance daidai kamar yadda zai yiwu, dole ne a lura da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idoji kafin binciken:

  • abincin dare ba daga baya da karfe takwas na yamma, aƙalla awanni 12 kafin gwaji,
  • Kafin binciken, yana da mahimmanci a sanya tsari da jijiyoyi kuma kada su yi rauni a jiki,
  • kada ku sha taba a ranar gwaji kuma kar ku sha giya mai ƙarfi.

  Kamar yadda aka saba, ana bayar da jini da safe zuwa gaɓoɓin mara komai. Wajibi ne a sanar da ma'aikatan lafiya game da duk magungunan da aka sha a ranar ƙarshe.

  Prothrombin ya karu

  Increasedarin abubuwan da ke cikin prothrombin a cikin jini yana nuna cewa coagulation na jini ya fi na al'ada. Wannan yana nuna cewa ya zama viscous sosai, wanda ke kawo cikas ga zagayawa jini kuma yana kaiwa ga toshewar hanyoyin jini.

  Irin waɗannan cututtukan na iya haifar da haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin prothrombin, kuma daga nan coagulability jini:

  • m neoplasms,
  • ilimin hanta na hanta
  • thromboembolism
  • karihalinia,
  • ci gaban angina pectoris.

  Irin waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya ƙara yawan furotin:

  • da yawaitar bitamin K a jikin mutum wanda aka samar da prothrombin,
  • yin amfani da magungunan anticoagulants, maganin rigakafi, acid nicotinic, rigakafin hormonal a cikin far. Yin amfani da aspirin da yawa, magungunan anabolic steroid, da kwayoyi masu lalacewa zasu iya shafar haɓakar prothrombin.

  Yawancin lokaci, abubuwan gina jiki suna karuwa yayin haihuwar jariri. Mafi yawancin lokuta, wannan yana nuna kansa a cikin ƙarshen satin ƙarshe kuma baya buƙatar magani.

  Prothrombin rage: haddasawa

  Lowarancin prothrombin yana da haɗari saboda koda karamin rauni wanda ke cutar da jinin jini na iya haifar da asarar jini. Bayan haka, kirkirar suturar jini yana da sauƙi fiye da yadda ya kamata.

  Rage matakan prothrombin suna tsokani irin wadannan dalilai:

  • Wasu cututtukan hanta, kodayake yawancinsu suna haɗuwa da haɓakar furotin. Abun da ke cikin prothrombin yana raguwa a cikin nau'ikan cututtukan hepatitis da na kullum. Hakanan yana shafar cirrhosis.
  • Rashin wadatar bitamin na jiki Rashin wadatar jiki Wannan tsarin yana haifar da mafi yawan lokuta saboda cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki da dysbiosis.
  • Ragewar Fibrinogen - wani sinadari ne wanda aka samar a cikin hanta sannan kuma ya juye ya zama fibrin, wanda shine tushen sutturar yayin farin jini. Irin wannan aibi na iya zama a cikin haife shi da kuma samu.
  • Shan don dalilai na warkewa magunguna waɗanda ke inganta haɓaka jini na jini.

  Yana yiwuwa a dawo da matakin prothrombin zuwa al'ada, amma akwai bukatar a yi wani abu kawai bayan tuntuɓar ƙwararrun masana.

  Maganin warkarwa shine nufin kawar da cututtukan da suka haifar da matsalar. Abinda yake sau da yawa, tushen magani shine abinci na musamman.

  Sabuntawa: Nuwamba 2018

  Tsarin coagulation na jini yana daya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan kariya na jikin mu. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, lokacin da jiki baya cikin haɗari, abubuwan coagulation da abubuwan ƙwarin jini suna cikin daidaitawa kuma jinin ya kasance matsakaici mai ruwa. Amma idan lalacewar jirgin ruwan ya faru, za a haifar da kullun abubuwan da ke faruwa, a tsara su don ɗaukar jini kuma a toshe lalacewar.

  Menene tsarin coagulation?

  Tsarin hemostasis yana da matukar wahala, yana ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin nama da abubuwa masu yawa.Launchaddamarwa da gaske yayi kama da kayan kwalliya: sigar amsa ce, kowace hanyar haɗin yanar gizo mai zuwa wacce aka ƙara haɓaka ta hanyar ƙarin enzymes.

  Tsarin hadin gwiwa na jini wanda aka sauƙaƙa yana kama da wannan: an fitar da thromboplastin daga endothelium da ke lalacewa, tare da halartar alli na alli da bitamin K, yana kunna prothrombin. Prothrombin an canza shi zuwa babban thrombin mai aiki, wanda hakan ke haifar da samuwar fibrin insoluble daga zazzuwa fibrinogen. Tsarin aikin ya cika ta hanyar matakai na ɗorawar jinin jini, wato ma'amalarsa da kuma ainihin lalacewarsa.

  A kowane mataki, ƙarin abubuwan da yawa suna cikin wannan tsarin. A cikin duka, plasma 13 da platelet guda 22 suna ɓoye su.

  Menene prothrombin

  Wannan glycoprotein ne wanda aka samar a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta, factor factor coagulation na II.

  Don haɗin prothrombin, ana buƙatar Vitamin K, don haka ɗayan dalilan ragewa shine ƙarancin wadatar wannan bitamin daga abinci ko ƙarancin aikin sa na hanji.

  Prothrombin shine furotin na inert, kunnawarsa na faruwa ne a karkashin tasirin maganin coagulation na XII (tsarin na ciki) ko tare da lalacewar endothelium (inji na waje na hemostasis).

  A aikace, ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu inganci na prothrombin, wadanda ke nuna abubuwan da ke cikin jini kawai kai tsaye. An kafa su ne ta hanyar lissafa adadin lokacin da jini ke yaduwa yayin da aka sanya masu aikin thrombokinase a ciki (wanda hakan yana kunna prothrombin, juya shi zuwa thrombin, kuma thrombin yana daukar nauyin juyawa na fibrinogen zuwa fibrin).

  Saboda haka, lokacin da muka ce "bincike akan prothrombin", "jini don prothrombin", wannan baya nufin ƙaddamar da haɗuwarsa a cikin jini ba, misali, ana bincika glucose, haemoglobin ko bilirubin. Kuma ba a ba da sakamakon ba a cikin raka'a masu yawa, amma a matsayin kashi. Wannan manufar tana nuna tasirin aikin haemocoagulation gabaɗaya kuma yana nuna ayyukan dukkanin hadaddun prothrombin (abubuwan II, V, VII, X).

  Yaya ake yin gwaje-gwajen prothrombin?

  Maganar kusan dukkanin hanyoyin don nazarin ayyukan da ke faruwa na prothrombin shine yin lissafin lokacin samuwar suturar ƙwayar cuta ta fibrin kai tsaye bayan ƙarin masu gwagwarmaya zuwa jini, tare da kwatanta wannan lokacin da dabi'un al'ada.

  Ana tattara jini a cikin bututun gwaji tare da maganin anticoagulant (sodium citrate). Ruwan garin citrate din dan kadan an dumama shi a cikin wanka. An ƙara reagent wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin thromboplastin da sinadarin alli. Agogon gudu yana auna lokacin asarar ƙwayoyin fibrin. Wannan lokacin prothrombin (PV) ne. Matsakaicin al'ada shine 11-15 seconds.

  Bayan ƙaddara PV mai haƙuri, an kwatanta shi da lokacin al'ada na prothrombin (PVN). Yawanci ana nuna shi a kan murfin reagent kuma ya dogara da aikin thromboplastin da aka yi amfani dashi. Yawancin lokaci wannan adadi yana daga 12 zuwa 18 seconds (a kowane sabon samfurin reagent yana iya zama daban). Rashin PVN zuwa PV na gwajin, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi, shine ma'aunin prothrombin (PI). Darajarta na yau da kullun shine 80-105%. Lokacin tsawon lokacin coagulation na jini (PV), ƙananan PI, wanda zai nuna hypocoagulation.

  Prothrombin ta hanyar sauri

  Hakanan an gudanar da gwajin gwargwadon gwargwadon lokacin prothrombin na yau da kullun ga mai haƙuri na PV, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi. Amma hanya ana ɗauka mafi dacewa. Don nazarin, ana amfani da dilution da yawa na plasma (1: 2, 1: 3,1: 4) da kuma yin amfani da zane mai daidaitawa. Don kowane dilution, an ƙaddara PV kuma an lura da shi akan jren.

  Harkokin prothrombin bisa ga Quick sun kasance daga 75% zuwa 140%.

  A tsakanin abubuwan gina jiki na yau da kullun, Sakamakon sauri da PTI na iya zama iri ɗaya. Tare da ƙarancin abun ciki, waɗannan alamomin wani lokaci suna rarrabu.

  Wani mai nuna alama shine INR (madaidaicin matsayin ƙasa). Ana amfani dashi galibi don kimanta tasirin amfani da magungunan anticoagulants. Ana yin lissafin wannan salon ta hanyar dabara:

  INR = (kwatankwacin PV / ma'anar PV al'ada) * darajar alamar duniya na ma'anar hankali na thromboplastin (ISI).

  Ana nuna wannan jigon akan kowane marufi na reagent. INR yana ba ku damar daidaita sakamakon PV da PTI da aka gudanar a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban. Ofimar INR a cikin mutane masu lafiya shine 0.8-1.2.

  Lambobin prothrombin bisa ga Quick da INR suna da bambanci ga juna: idan prothrombin bisa ga Quick yana ƙaruwa, to, INR yana raguwa kuma mataimakin.

  Lokacin da aka bincika prothrombin

  Binciken Coagulation (coagulogram) ba jarrabawa ne na yau da kullun ba, ba a umurce shi ba ga duk masu haƙuri a jere. An gudanar da gwajin ne a cikin halaye masu zuwa:

  • Kasancewar alamomin dake nuna matsalolin coagulation: yawan hancin hanci da sauran zub da jini, bruising ba don wani dalili a fili, zub da jini lokacin goge hakora, amai da gudawa a fatar.
  • Thrombophlebitis na jijiya daga cikin ƙananan ƙarshen.
  • Nazarin mai haƙuri kafin kowane tiyata.
  • Tabbatar bincika masu ciki.
  • Gudanarwa yayin jiyya tare da magungunan anticoagulants. An wajabta su ga marasa lafiya tare da arrhythmias, bayan maye gurbin bawul, tare da thrombophlebitis. Manufar waɗannan magungunan shine don ƙara yawan lokacin coagulation na jini, amma a lokaci guda ku kiyaye shi cikin kewayon lafiya. A wannan yanayin, ana karuwa da PV by 1.5-2 sau, IPT da prothrombin bisa ga Quick suna rage, INR yana ƙaruwa (a amince zuwa 2-3).
  • Tare da cututtukan hanta, don bayyana ƙarancin aikinsa.
  • Kafin wa’adin haihuwar isrogen mai dauke da kwayoyin halittun, da kuma lokacin gudanarwar su.

  Yawan Prothrombin a cikin kungiyoyin haƙuri daban-daban

  Halin wannan glycoprotein a cikin jini ya ɗan bambanta a cikin shekaru daban-daban. A cikin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18, ainihin abin da yake ciki ya ƙunshi 80 zuwa 110%, a cikin manya - daga 78 zuwa 145%.

  Dokokin a cikin mazan maza da mata bai bambanta ba. Wataƙila a cikin ƙananan prothrombin yana iya kasancewa cikin mata kafin haihuwa.

  Maganin Prothrombin

  An ƙaddara wannan manuniya a cikin dukkanin shirye-shiryen littattafai. Menene ma'anar bayanan prothrombin?

  Adadin bayanan prothrombin shine kashi 80-105. Yawancin mai haƙuri na PV idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada, ƙananan zai kasance PI da mataimakin. Saboda haka, ƙarancin ƙira yana nuna rashin daidaituwa, kuma babban ma'aunin yana nuna hauhawar jini (haɓakar thrombosis).
  

  An sanya aikin prothrombin index assay a cikin yanayi iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake ɗaukar nauyin prothrombin assay. Ainihin, duk waɗannan dabi'u suna cikin haɗin kai tsaye kuma yana iya zama ɗaya a cikin kewayon abun da ke al'ada.

  Matsakaicin ma'aunin prothrombin yayin daukar ciki ya bambanta dan kadan cikin watanni:

  Yadda za a yanke babban coagulogram

  Ana yin wannan bincike ne domin samun amsoshi ga tambayoyi:

  • Jinin yana ta yin aiki daidai?
  • Shin akwai hadarin zubar da jini ko zubar jini bayan jini,
  • mene ne dalilin yawan zubar da jini da tsotsa,
  • wane kashi na maganin anticoagulants bashi da lafiya idan ya cancanta.

  Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwa na prothrombin

  Ka tuna cewa prothrombin wani sinadari ne wanda aka kirkira a cikin hanta hanta tare da halartar bitamin K. Yana wucewa zuwa cikin aiki mai karfi tare da taimakon dumbin nama da abubuwan coagulation na plasma. Kwayar halittar da ta dauki nauyin kwayar halitta ta prothrombin tana kan gado, kuma tana kan chromosome 11.

  Bugu da kari, akwai wasu dalilai na maganin anticoagulant a cikin jini, yawan aiki wanda zai iya lalata abubuwanda ke tattare da hadaddun kwayoyin prothrombin.

  Daga wannan injiniyan, babban abin da ke haifar da ƙananan prothrombin da IPT ke bi (PV da INR suna ƙaruwa):

  • Kwayar cutar ta haihuwar ciki - canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta wanda ke da alhakin haɗarin prothrombin (ƙarancin isa).
  • Cututtukan hanta, tare da rage aiki ko mutuwar hepatocytes: hepatitis na kullum, cirrhosis. Rashin raka'a kayan aiki don kira yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa prothrombin a cikin jini yana raguwa.
  • Rashin bitamin KWannan na faruwa duka idan akwai isasshen abinci tare da abinci, da kuma take hakkinsa da aiki a hanjinsa. Saboda haka, cututtukan gastrointestinal tare da dysbiosis da nakasa kitse na iya haifar da rashi.
  • Rage matakan V, VIII, dalilai na coagulation.
  • Cututtukan autoimmune, gami da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa ga prothrombin (mafi dacewa, ga hadaddiyar ƙwayar phosphatidylserine-prothrombin).
  • Levelsarancin fibrinogen.
  • Mataki na 2 na Cutar Cutar Sigina (Matsewa na ciki).
  • Activityara ayyukan ƙwayar maganin antithrombin III.
  • Jiyya tare da magungunan anticoagulants (heparin, fraxiparin, warfarin, neodicumarin).

  Sanadin Prothrombin da IPT suna ƙaruwa

  Haɓaka IPT yana nuna hypercoagulation kuma yana da haɗari ga haɓakar thrombosis (bugun zuciya, bugun jini, ƙwanƙwasa jijiyoyin kafa, huhun hanji). Wannan yanayin rashin lafiyar musamman bayan tiyata da kuma bayan haihuwa.

  • A makonni na karshe na ciki.
  • DIC - ciwo (mataki na 1).
  • Amfani da sinadaran-estrogen na mata (kuma wasu lokuta maza).
  • Maganin thrombophilia.
  • Wuce Vitamin K.
  • Juyawa daga cikin kwayoyin G20210A na prothrombin (yan dako na lahanin kwayoyin sune kashi 2-3% na yawan).
  • Wannan lokaci bayan ɗaukar nauyi, ƙone cuta.
  • Lokaci na baya.
  • Ciwon mara.
  • Rashin Antithrombin III.
  • Cutar Antiphospholipid.

  Prothrombin menene

  Prothrombin wani sinadari ne mai daukar jini na jini. Yana da wannan abu wanda, yayin sarkar coagulation, ya juya zuwa cikin thrombin lokacin da aka ji rauni. Ana yin thrombus daga gare ta. Godiya ga wannan jinin jini, raunin ya rufe, kuma mutum baya iya rasa adadin jini. Tare da haɓaka matakin prothrombin, akwai haɗarin haɗarin jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini, jijiyoyin jini da tasoshin, kuma tare da rashi, ƙwayoyin cuta suna faruwa.

  Kowa ya kamata ya lura da matakin prothrombin, musamman bayan shekaru 40 da haihuwa. Wannan zai ba da damar gano ainihin lokacin da abin ya faru tare da hana ci gaba da cututtuka masu saurin mutuwa. Dangane da kididdigar, rabin yawan duniyarmu suna da karkatacciyar matakin prothrombin ta bangare daya. Zalunci ya zama sanadin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, shanyewar jiki, thrombosis da sauran cututtuka masu matukar hatsari.

  Gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar PTI na ƙirar kwayoyin halitta yana ƙayyade lokacin lokacin coagulation jini na mutum mai lafiya da haƙuri. Dangane da wannan jigon, likitoci suna yin hukunci da yawan prothrombin a cikin jini.

  Sakamakon binciken an nuna shi azaman kashi.

  Rashin matakin PTI galibi yana da alaƙa da cututtukan hanta, saboda wannan furotin an haɗa shi da shi. Don haka, bincike ya ba da damar yin bincike game da cutar jini kawai, har ma don gano cutar hanta. Yin gwajin jini ga IPT wajibi ne ga mutane kafin tiyata.

  Me kuke buƙatar gaya wa likita?

  • Tabbatar cewa za a lissafa duk magungunan da kuke shan ko kun sha yanzu, ciki har da kayan abinci. Yawancin kwayoyi suna shafan fiɗaɗɗun ƙwayoyin hoto, kuma wannan bai shafi kawai maganin anticoagulants. Don haka na iya runtsewa prothrombin Nevigramon, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Levomycetin, L-thyroxine, bitamin A, Asfirin a cikin manyan allurai.

  Tada IPT may: hormones na kula da haihuwa, maganin kafeyin, antihistamines, kwayoyi masu yawa na bitamin C, K, hormones corticosteroid.

  • Yawan shaye-shaye na giya na iya rage IPT.
  • Cessarancin abinci a cikin abincin abinci mai wadataccen abinci na Vitamin K na iya haifar da haɓakar prothrombin, kuma rashin wadatar su - akasin haka, zuwa raguwa. Waɗannan samfurori ne kamar ganye, kayan lambu kore da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da hanta.
  • Dole ne a sanar da mata game da kasancewar ciki.

  Wadanne ƙarin gwaje-gwaje ne za'a iya rubutawa?

  • Nazarin aikin hanta (bincike mai zurfi na ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙudurin bilirubin, cututtukan hepatic, cikakken furotin, albumin).
  • Duban dan tayi na hanta da hanjin biliary.
  • Fibroelastography na hanta tare da zargin cirrhosis.
  • Eterayyade ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa cutar hepatitis.
  • Karin bincike na tsarin coagulation (APTT, fibrinogen, thrombin lokaci, D-dimers, plasminogen, antithrombin III, plasma fibrinolytic aiki, lupus anticoagulant, da sauransu)
  • Gwajin ciki (bincike na farji don dysbiosis, colonoscopy).

  Yadda za a rage ko ƙara ƙididdigar prothrombin?

  Idan alamun basu wuce yadda aka saba ba, kada ku firgita. Wataƙila, wani lokaci bayan sokewar wasu kwayoyi, bincike na biyu ba zai bayyana karkacewa ba. Mata da yawa suna damuwa da tambayar - menene zai yi tare da amfani da hanyoyin hana haihuwa? Idan aka gano cututtukan zuciya, to hakika dakatar da shan ta; idan matar tana cikin koshin lafiya, za'a iya daukar allunan, amma ana sanya ido akai-akai.

  Hakanan zaka iya ƙoƙarin daidaita abincin DTI idan kun tabbatar cewa abincinku a bayyane yake cikin abinci kamar ganye (faski, dill, alayyafo), kayan lambu (kabeji, broccoli), naman sa ko naman alade. PTI yana haɓaka koren shayi da kyau.

  Tare da haɓaka matakin prothrombin da kuma haɗarin thrombosis, likitoci sukan ba da maganin cututtukan jini. A wannan yanayin, kawai warfarin zai bayyane rage wannan alamar. Anticoagulants na sabon ƙarni (Pradax, Xarelto, Elikvis da sauransu) suna aiki akan sauran abubuwan coagulation, yayin da matakan prothrombin na iya canzawa.

  Asfirin shima bai canza wannan alamar ba, amma shan shi a kananan allurai yana da ma'ana don rage hadarin thrombosis.

  A waɗanne yanayi ne bai dace a ɗauki lokaci a kan abinci ba?

  • Idan alamomin nazarin kwayar cutar sunfi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada.
  • Akwai alamun cututtukan homeostasis: zubar jini ko maimaitawar jini.
  • Kasancewar ciki.
  • Baƙon abu coagulogram a cikin yaro.
  • Akwai wasu alamun bayyanar (yellowness na fata, fitsari duhu, kumburi, fitsari, itching, da dai sauransu)

  A cikin waɗannan halayen, kuna buƙatar yin cikakken gwaje-gwaje kuma ku gano dalilin cutar da tsarin coagulation.

  > Gwajin jini na prothrombin, INR (lokacin prothrombin)

  Ba za a yi amfani da wannan bayanin don shan magani ba!
  Tabbatar ka nemi shawara tare da gwani!

  Mecece hanyar da ake amfani da ita, menene hukuncin ta?

  Prothrombin yana daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin coagulation na jini. An kirkiro shi a cikin hanta tare da halartar bitamin K kuma yana gudana cikin jini jini. Lokacin hulɗa tare da thromboplastin da ions na alli, prothrombin ya juya zuwa thrombin, ba tare da yin hakan ba kasancewar yiwuwar haɗarin jini.

  Asibitocin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna yin gwajin prothrombin, wanda aka aiwatar a matsayin yanke hukunci na prothrombin gwargwadon sauri, lokacin prothrombin, rabo na kasa da kasa ko ma'aunin prothrombin.

  Lokaci na prothrombin (PTV) shine lokacin lokacin da ake zubar da jini (plasma) jini yayin da aka hada cakuda thromboplastin-alli. Auna a dakika.

  Ratio na Kasa da Kasa (INR) shine rabo daga PTV na haƙuri a cikin matsakaicin PTV. Sakamakon binciken bincike ne mai ƙarancin yawa (yanki mai sulhu).

  Prothrombin index (PTI) shine kashi na lokacin daukar jini na jini mai sarrafa jini zuwa lokacin aikin plasma na mutumin da ake bincika shi. An bayyana shi azaman kashi.

  Determinationaddarar prothrombin ta hanyar Quick ya bambanta da gwajin da ya gabata a cikin wancan cewa ana amfani da wasu dilses na plasma na sarrafawa yayin gudanar da shi. Wannan yana ba ku damar samun ingantaccen sakamako (kuma a cikin kashi).

  Dukkanin waɗannan alamomin ana amfani dasu don tantance yanayin tsarin coagulation da ƙayyade fa'idodin maganin cututtukan anticoagulant.

  A cikin wane yanayi ne ake yin binciken?

  Canje-canje a cikin waɗannan alamomin na iya faruwa duka ta fuskar ƙaruwa, da kuma hanin rage ƙimar su.A asibiti, wannan yana bayyana ta alamun ƙara ko rage yawan ƙwayoyin jini.

  Sanadin karuwar coagulability babban asara ne na ruwa ba tare da gurbatarwar sa ba (na amai, konewa), da shan magungunan hormonal, da kuma take hakkin rukunin bangon jirgin. Observedara yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ana lura dashi a cikin cututtuka, cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, ciki, DIC, bayan ayyukan tiyata kuma yawancin lokuta ana bayyana shi ta hanyar rikicewar ƙwayoyin thrombotic daban-daban.

  Tare da raguwa a cikin coagulability na jini, zubar da raunuka yana ƙaruwa, tsoka yana faruwa a cikin kyallen takarda mai laushi tare da ƙananan raunin da ya faru, kuma hanci yakan haifar da yawa. Orarancin coagulability shine halayyar cutar haemophilia, cututtukan hanta. Tana fama da marassa lafiyar da ke shan magungunan hana daukar ciki na dogon lokaci.

  A duk waɗannan halayen, gwajin prothrombin wajibi ne.

  Wadanne likitoci ne ke ba da izinin yin nazari, kuma a ina zan iya?

  Magana game da binciken ana bayar da shi ta hanyar mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, likitan tiyata, likitan mata, likitan zuciya, likitan jini, likitan dabbobi, yawanci sauran kwararru.

  Ana iya yin gwajin a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na sassan bincike na cibiyoyin likitocin da ke gudanar da gwajin jini.

  Menene kayan karatun, da kuma yadda za'a shirya shi

  Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don binciken shine jini. An karɓa daga jijiya kai tsaye kafin bincike a cikin bututu na musamman tare da anticoagulant.

  Kafin a fara binciken, Likita ya kange magungunan da ke canza coagulability jini. A ranar hawan hanya, abinci mai da mai yaji, ana cire giya daga abincin. Yana da kyau a nisanci damuwa da damuwa ta jiki. Ana yin samfurin jini a kan komai a ciki.

  Sakamakon binciken al'ada ne.

  A al'ada, alamar prothrombin lokacin daga 11 zuwa 16 seconds. Nau'in INR shine 0.85-1.35. Index na prothrombin yana cikin kewayon 80-100%. Prothrombin bisa ga Saurin - 78- 142%.

  Rashin kyawun hanyar shine kasancewar wasu dalilai da yawa waɗanda suka shafi daidaito na sakamakon binciken (rashin daidaitaccen daidaitaccen daidaituwa na thromboplastin da aka yi amfani da shi, tasirin sauran dalilai na coagulation).

  Clinical mahimmancin binciken

  Hanyar tana taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka na tsarin coagulation na jini, don bayyana tsananin ƙarfinsa, don saka idanu akan jiyya. Amma prothrombin sashi ne kawai na tsarin hemostatic na jiki, kuma gwajin prothrombin ba zai iya bayyana duk take hakki ba. Sabili da haka, idan akwai hujja, wajibi ne a gudanar da cikakken bincike game da tsarin coagulation na jini.

  - bayanin dijital ko hoto na gwajin jini na coagulability. IPT shi ne rabo na sarrafawa (ko al'ada) PV na plasma zuwa plasma na takamaiman mai haƙuri wanda aka ninka 100%. PV (lokacin prothrombin) shine lokacin da ake fara haila daga jini bayan an hada alli da thromboplastin a cikin ruwan.

  Saboda haka, bayanan prothrombin yana nuna yadda tsarin coagulation na jini yake aiki. Rage IPT yana nuna rashin daidaituwa na coagulation (hypocoagulation), shine, haɓakar zub da jini. Increaseara yawan mai nuna alama yana nuna haɓaka coagulability (hypercoagulation) da halayyar ƙirƙirar ƙwanƙwasa jini.

  Gwajin Haihuwa

  Dole ne dukkan mata suyi wannan gwajin lokacin haihuwar. Dangane da canje-canje na hormonal da kuma bayyanar zagayarwar mahaifa a cikin mata masu juna biyu, wannan manuniya ya karu sosai kuma ya kai 90-120%, wanda aka yi la'akari da matsayin al'ada.

  Duk tsawon lokacin hailar, an wajabta mata karatu sau 2-4. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman jim kaɗan kafin haihuwar, a cikin ƙarshen watanni uku. Tare da raguwa a cikin IPT zuwa 80%, akwai babban haɗarin zub da jini yayin ko bayan haihuwa. Idan an ƙara adadin zuwa 160%, lalata ƙwayar ƙasa ba a cire shi ba. A irin wa annan halayen, an sanya mahaifiyar mai haihuwar ne a asibiti, inda ake duba ta kafin haihuwa.Don haka, likitoci suna da damar da za su yi shiri sosai don haihuwa, kuma su guji rikice-rikice, gami da masu ƙisa.

  Dalilai na karuwa da rage IPT

  Wannan alamar tana karkata daga al'ada tare da cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban.

  IPT na iya yin ƙasa don dalilai masu zuwa:

  • tare da rashin bitamin K, wanda ya zama dole ga abubuwan hadewar jini (rashi wannan kwayar cutar yawanci ana lura dashi a cikin cututtukan hanji: colitis, enterocolitis da sauransu),
  • tare da rashi nakasar abubuwan al'adu,
  • a lura da heparin da analogues,
  • magani, irin su Sincumar, Phenilin, Warfarin da sauransu,
  • a cikin cututtukan hanta, wanda hadarin coagulation abubuwan da jini ta sel hanta ke rushe
  • cutarwa cuta:
  • tare da wasu cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji da na amai,
  • cututtukan cututtukan zuciya
  • karancin fibrinogen (wanda aka samo ko gado),
  • ciwon kansa
  • gina jiki metabolism cuta.

  Ana iya lura da karuwa a IPT:

  • tare da thrombosis na asalin ƙasa,
  • samu da - yanayi wanda ake iya samar da rashin lafiyar thrombosis,
  • a cikin uku cikin uku na ciki,
  • amfani da corticosteroids, barbiturates, hana kwayoyin hana haihuwa.

  

  A waɗanne halaye ne aka tsara?

  Akwai alamomi da yawa don bincike a PTI. Daga cikinsu akwai:

  • hargitsi a cikin aiki da jini coagulation tsarin,
  • varicose veins,
  • cututtukan hanta na kullum
  • antiphospholipid syndrome,
  • a da, bugun zuciya, bugun zuciya,
  • rikicewar autoimmune
  • Yanayin karancin Vitamin K
  • tsarin kula da coagulation yayin lura da cututtukan gabbai,
  • shiri don tiyata,
  • ciki
  • karatun allo don rikicewar coagulation.

  A wasu halaye, kula da IPT koyaushe wajibi ne. Wannan ya shafi nau'ikan marasa lafiya masu zuwa:

  1. ga mutanen da ke da kwakwalwar wucin gadi na wucin gadi (saboda yuwuwar bullowar jini),
  2. marasa lafiya da cututtukan jini na varicose da ke rikitarwa daga thrombosis,
  3. mutane da cututtukan zuciya kamar su arrhythmia, angina pectoris da sauransu (a cikin waɗannan halayen, canje-canje na ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini na iya nuna samuwar ƙwayoyin jini a cikin tasoshin).

  Me ya sa hayar fita?

  Dangane da sakamakon wannan bincike, likita na iya kusantar da wani bayani:

  • Shin akwai wasu abnomi a cikin hanta,
  • Shin akwai wadataccen bitamin K a jiki
  • Shin maganin anticoagulant yana da fa'ida?
  • menene ayyukan coagulation dalilai,
  • Shin akwai haɗarin haɓaka ƙwayoyin jini tare da jijiyoyin jini,
  • Shin akwai hatsarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya da bugun jini.

  Gwajin jini don IPT shine ingantaccen nazari a ranar hawan tiyata. Sakamakon zai nuna alamun rikice-rikicen data kasance a cikin tsarin coagulation, wato, haɓakar zub da jini ko ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai taimaka wajen magance rikice-rikice masu haɗari.

  An gudanar da binciken ne don gano lamuran da ke tattare da hatsarin zub da jini da guguwar jini tare da karancin jini da gestosis a cikin mata masu juna biyu.

  Hanyar Nazarin

  Kafin ɗaukar jini don bincike, likita ya kamata ya sani game da magungunan da masu ciwon sukari ke ɗauka. Idan akwai kwayoyi waɗanda zasu iya shafar sakamakon binciken, ana soke su na ɗan lokaci.

  Don binciken, ba kwa buƙatar bin madaidaicin abinci ko bi abinci (ban da abinci da tsarin da ake buƙata don ciwon sukari).

  Ana yin hujin jini daga jijiya a hannu, bayan haka ana matse wurin allura tare da ƙwallan auduga har sai zubar jinni ta tsaya. Idan wani rauni ya same su a inda ake yin aikin, an wajabta hanyoyin yaƙi.

  Menene tsarin endocrine kuma yaya yake aiki? Wadanne matakai ake kulawa da ita?

  Rikita ciwon sukari: cututtukan gwiwa arthrosis - alamomi da magani. Kara karantawa a wannan labarin.

  Raguwa daga al'ada

  Increasedara yawan lokacin prothrombin (fiye da awanni 13) yana nuna yiwuwar thrombophilia saboda yawan ƙwayoyin Vitamin K (karanta ƙari game da bitamin mai-mai narkewa, wanda ya haɗa da bitamin K a cikin wannan labarin). A cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari, matsakaita yana da yawa sosai, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci a bincika lokaci-lokaci don sanin matakin karkacewa.

  Ofimar lokacin prothrombin da aka karkata daga al'ada zuwa ga ƙaramin yanki (ƙasa da secondsan 9 seconds) na iya haifar da raguwa a cikin coagulation na jini, yana nuna ƙarancin bitamin K ko ƙarancin ƙwayar bitamin a cikin hanji sakamakon dysbiosis da enterocolitis.

  • Almubazzaranci
  • Destructionarnawar ƙwayoyin jan jini saboda kulawa da kulawa da bututun gwaji tare da kayan,
  • Samun jini na jini

  Abin da canjin ƙididdiga ya dogara da shi

  PTI al'adarsa ya dogara da matakin prothrombin a cikin jini. Idan mai nuna alama yana ƙasa da al'ada, akwai haɗarin haɓaka zub da jini. Musamman masu haɗari sune basur a cikin kwakwalwa da raunin ciki. Ana iya saukar da ma'aunin prothrombin saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

  • Rashin bitamin K
  • Cutar hanta.
  • Rashin fibrinogen.
  • Wucewa heparin.
  • Amyloidosis
  • Ciwon ƙwayar cutar sankara.
  • Kwayar cutar kansa
  • Oncology na mai ɗanɗano.
  • Cutar sankarar bargo
  • Shan magunguna masu karfi.

  Anara yawan IPT yana nuna haɓaka coagulation na jini, wanda zai haifar da ƙarancin jini wanda zai iya toshe hanyoyin hawan jini da haifar da haɗari. Za'a iya haifar da mafi girman bayanan prothrombin ta hanyar dalilai masu zuwa:

  • Tsarin kwayoyin halitta.
  • Babban abun ciki na sel jini.
  • Oncological cututtuka.
  • Rashin Heparin.
  • Cutar ciki ta uku.
  • Shan wasu magungunan hormonal.

  Yanke bayanai na bincike

  A yau, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don ƙayyade IPT. Wannan na iya yin illa ga ganewar asali, saboda alamun za su iya bambanta dangane da dakin gwaje-gwaje. Binciken jini na PTI decryption yakamata yakamata ayi gudanar da binciken, la'akari da duk abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da ma'anar.

  A ƙasashen waje, ba su yi amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta ba na dogon lokaci, a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa suna yin wani binciken - INR. Wannan bincike yafi dacewa kuma masu nuna alamun suna da daidaitattun nau'ikan lissafi. Saboda wannan, a cikin asibitocin zamani, maimakon IPT, a cikin ƙasar su ma suna gudanar da bincike na INR.

  Siffofin bincike na mata

  Likitoci suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga abubuwan prothrombin a cikin jinin mata masu ɗauke da yaro. Kowane mace mai ciki ya kamata ta ba da gudummawar jini ga IPT don likitoci su iya gano yiwuwar mahaukaciyar cuta a kan kari. Idan an sami matsalar mahaifa, an tsara wa iyaye mata allurar rigakafin magani.

  Abin takaici, yawancin iyaye mata masu rai suna watsi da shaidar likitoci don a gwada su. Sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan alamomin ba su da mahimmanci ga lafiyarsu, tunda suna jin daɗi. Koyaya, ƙididdiga suna nuna akasin haka. A cewar kididdigar, kashi 10% na mata wadanda basa yin gwajin jini ga IPT, abin takaici, sun mutu yayin haihuwa yayin budewar zubar jini ko kwatsam.

  Lokacin da ake buƙatar yin nazari akai-akai

  Gwajin PTI na jini, a matsayina na doka, ana bayar da shi kafin tiyata da lokacin daukar ciki. Koyaya, akwai marasa lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar yin gwajin akai-akai don saka idanu kan tasirin magani. Wadannan marasa lafiya sun hada da:

  • Marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya.
  • Marasa lafiya tare da cututtukan zuciya.
  • Marasa lafiya marasa lafiya da cutar atherosclerosis.
  • Mutanen da ke da jijiyoyin bugun jini.

  Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da matakin IPT a cikin maza da mata da suka girmi shekaru 50, saboda su ne suka fada cikin rukunin hadari na musamman don cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini. Gano lokaci-lokaci a cikin tsofaffi na iya ceton ran mutum.A yau, kashi 70% na tsofaffi a ƙasarmu suna mutuwa sakamakon bugun zuciya da bugun jini. Hakanan, bayanan prothrombin ya kamata a lura dasu koyaushe a cikin marasa lafiya tare da waɗannan cututtuka:

  • Karafarini.
  • Ciwon mara.
  • Cirrhosis na hanta.
  • Rashin rikice-rikice na gado.
  • Oncological cututtuka.
  • Cutar cututtukan mahaifa.
  • Matsayin infarction bayan haihuwa da yanayin bugun jini.

  Bugu da kari, ana aiwatar da iko da matakin PTI tare da maganin cututtukan hormonal da heparin. Wadannan kwayoyi na iya shafar coagulation sosai. Tare da shan iska mai kyau na waɗannan magunguna, kun jefa rayuwar ku cikin haɗari. Ka tuna cewa kowane irin magani ya kamata a sha shi kamar yadda likita ya umarta, har da maganin gargajiya.

  Dokoki don missionaddamar da Bincike

  Kamar duk gwaje-gwajen jini, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar kayan don safe da safe akan komai a ciki. Mako guda kafin shinge, yakamata a cire abincin barasa da abinci mai guba daga abincin. Kada a sha tea da kofi a ranar tattarawa; shan sigari ba da shawarar minti 30 kafin bincike. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari don ware yanayin damuwa, ba za ku iya zama masu juyayi ba. Duk waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya rinjayar sakamakon binciken. Idan kun sha magunguna, ko da ganyen ganye, kuna buƙatar sanar da likitanka.

  Idan an sami ɓarna, ƙarin gwaje-gwaje za a sanya muku don taimakawa ƙayyade abubuwan da ke haifar da matsala ta coagulation. Ya kamata a tuna cewa karkatar da lafazin IPT ba cuta ce mai zaman kanta ba, amma kawai amsawar jikin mutum game da cutar da ke gudana. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a gano tushen dalilin karkatarwa kuma a sha magani yadda yakamata. Likita yakamata ya yanke sakamakon binciken.

  Jini - wani hadadden abu wanda ya kunshi bangare na ruwa (plasma) da sel, suna yin ayyuka da yawa a jiki. Kula da wannan tsarin a cikin daidaito shi ne aiki na farko, kamar yadda in ba haka ba za a sami cikas ga ayyukan dukkan gabobin.

  Muhimmin halayyar jini - yawanta a koda yaushe. Ga maza, lita 5, na mata - 4 lita. Tare da raunin da ya faru, har ma da ƙananan ƙanana, asara mai sauri na wannan ƙimar zai yiwu, wanda tsarin coagulation ya yi yaƙi. Bari muyi magana game da alamun karfin jini don yaduwa - ma'aunin prothrombin.

  Menene wannan

  Sanadarin sunadarai a cikin hanta na hepatocytes. Wannan tsari yana da alaƙa da wadataccen adadin bitamin. Zuwa . Wannan shine na biyu daga cikin abubuwan shawo kansa guda goma sha uku, wanda ba tare da wannan daidaituwa tsakanin kwararar jini da tsayawar sa dangane da raunin bangon jijiyoyin wuya ba zai yiwu ba.

  Sunan da kanta ya ba da shawarar cewa prothrombin wani abu ne wanda yake kan gaba ga thrombin. Abin da ya biyo baya ne ke da alhakin haifar da suturar jini - ɗaukar jini.

  Yaya karatun yake

  Nazarin prothrombin ba kamar kowa bane kamar gwajin jini gaba ɗaya. Wannan shi ne saboda babban farashi na reagents.

  Ba a ƙayyadadden lokacin gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi ba, kawai idan akwai alamun bayyanannu (asibiti ko dakin gwaje-gwaje). Dangane da matakin prothrombin, likitoci suna kimanta canje-canje ba kawai a cikin tsarin coagulation ba, har ma da aikin hanta.

  Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don auna matakin prothrombin a cikin jini:

  1. Lokacin Prothrombin - lokaci (a cikin sakanni) da jini ke buƙata don cikakken nadawa.
  2. Prothrombin ta hanyar sauri. Hanyar karatun coagulation mafi yawanci. Mai nuna alama yana ƙayyade ayyukan prothrombin a cikin kayan gwajin idan aka kwatanta da mutum mai lafiya (%).
  3. . Matsakaicin lokacin coagulation a cikin haƙuri zuwa ƙimar al'ada, wanda aka bayyana a cikin%.
  4. INR - dabi'ar al'ada ta duniya. Nazarin da WHO ta ba da shawarar ga duk marasa lafiya da aka bi da su da maganin kwantar da hankali. An lasafta shi gwargwadon tsari na musamman kuma baya dogaro da ƙimar reagents, wanda yasa ya zama mafi maƙasudi.

  Bincike mai sauri a yau ana ɗauka mafi kyau, yana ba da cikakken hoto na tsarin coagulation ɗan adam.Hakanan za'a iya yin amfani dashi don dalilai na rigakafi - a cikin mata masu shekaru 45-60 don gano yanayin kamuwa da cutar thrombophlebitis.

  Valuesa'idojin yau da kullun na sakamakon binciken Gaggawa ba sa bambanta da jinsi. Amma dangane da shekaru, akwai ingantacciyar dabi'ar kara girman shinge na mai nuna alama. Muna ba da dabi'u a cikin tebur.

  Slightarancin canji a cikin lambobin ƙira yana yiwuwa ya dogara da ɗakin binciken. Iyakokin ka'idojin ana nuna su koyaushe akan tsarin bincike. Lokacin Prothrombin shine mafi nuna kwanciyar hankali kuma yana ɗaukar daga 9 zuwa 12 seconds.

  Kwanan nan, ana nazarin tsarin coagulation na jini bisa ga INR. Fassarar wannan mai nuna alama a tebur.

  Har zuwa shekaru 16, INR yana da kyawawan dabi'u. Wannan yanayin yana la'akari da likitocin yara. A lokacin daukar ciki, fara daga mako na sha uku, INR yana jin daɗin ragewa.

  Shiri

  Abubuwa da yawa zasu iya tasiri sakamakon binciken. Bari muyi magana game da wasunsu.

  1. Kamar bincike na asibiti gaba ɗaya, ana bincika prothrombin, yawanci da safe.
  2. Don kwanaki da yawa, sun ƙi abinci mai ƙima (ya ƙunshi bitamin K2) da abinci mai kyau a cikin bitamin K1 (hanta, kabeji, alayyafo, beets, Legumesu, radishes, radishes, turnips, kwayoyi, mustard, Sweets, kayan maye). Wannan jeri ba shi da cikakke, saboda haka ana yin ƙarin bayani a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
  3. Duk wani barasa yana haifar da lalata bitamin K, sabili da haka, yana rikita sakamakon binciken.
  4. Dogara yana tasiri sosai da kwayoyi masu yawa (anticoagulants kai tsaye, nicotinic acid, heparin, glucocorticosteroids, asfirin, antihistamines, steroids anabolic, barbiturates, maganin hana haihuwa, maganin kafeyin da sauransu).
  5. Itiveara kwayoyin halitta suna ɗauke da abubuwa waɗanda ke canza ayyukan prothrombin. Tabbatar sanar da likitanka game da abin da ya kunsa na ƙarin.
  6. Kai tsaye kafin yin gwajin jini (a cikin awanni 12), ruwa na al'ada ne kawai ake bada izini.
  7. Sa'a guda kafin nazarin, dakatar da shan ruwa, daina shan taba.
  8. Dole ne mutum ya kasance cikin daidaito. Damuwa da motsa jiki na ɗan lokaci suna ruguza coagulation na jini na ɗan lokaci.

  Zai dace wa mata yayin jinin haila ko zubar jinni su daina sanya karatun prothrombin.

  Ragewa daga al'ada

  Marasa lafiya suna sha'awar tambaya game da abin da ke nufin karuwa ko raguwa a cikin aikin prothrombin. A cikin yanayin farko (haɓaka), mutum na iya yin tunanin yiwuwar ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin thrombosis, a cikin na biyu (raguwa) - raguwa a cikin aikin coagulation na jini.

  Akwai ma wani sinadari na bitamin K: idan ya kasance yana da yawa - IPT yana ƙaruwa, raunin ƙwaƙwalwarsa a cikin hanta (kowane cututtuka na yanayin kumburi ko yanayin tumo) yana haifar da raguwa a cikin IPT.

  Dalilin raguwa

  Babban mahimmancin wannan yanayin shine hypovitaminosis K. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi:

  • Pathology na hanta: duk, cirrhosis, ciwace-ciwacen daji, ciki har da metastasis, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na mahaifa.
  • Cutar jaundice mai lalacewa ta hanyar cikakkiyar toshewa daga hancin biliary.
  • Kasawa.
  • Heparin jiyya.
  • Rashin hankali a cikin tsarin furotin.
  • Pathology na kodan.
  • Ciwon mara na kullum da kuma cututtukan hanji.
  • Jariri wanda mahaifan mahaifiyarsu suke da karancin Vitamin K a cikin jiki.
  • DIC, mataki na hypocoagulation.
  • Wani mummunan nau'in rashin lafiyar zuciya.
  • Ciwon mara guba.

  Rage darajar IPT ana kiranta hypocoagulation. A lokaci guda, ana lura da karuwa a cikin alamar INR.

  Abin da za a yi tare da ilimin halayyar PTI

  Lationarya tsarin coagulation na jini yanayi ne mai haɗari wanda ke buƙatar shawarar shawara da magani na kwararru. Abin da mutum zai iya yi da kansa:

  1. Kula da tsarin shan giya. Babban amfani da ruwa (ruwa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ruwan' ya'yan itace) yana haifar da kima na jini da kuma daidaitawar coagulation din.
  2. Abincin abinci: yana da mahimmanci don ware duk samfurori da ganyayyaki waɗanda ke shafar coagulability (zuwa sama zaku iya ƙara cinnamon, tansy, nettle, immortelle, yarrow, plantain).
  3. Sau da yawa, tare da babban adadin PTI, ana buƙatar maganin rigakafi, amma dole ne a yarda da alƙawarin su tare da likita, kuma ana gudanar da magani sau da yawa a asibiti.

  Bayan samun sakamakon binciken tare da karkatar da bayanan prothrombin daga tsarin, kada ka yi hanzarin zartar da tsoratarwa. Wararren ƙwararren masani ne kawai zai iya fahimtar duk rikice-rikice na tsarin coagulation.

  Likita ya tsara nazarin binciken prothrombin, jagora kamar haka:

  • Duk wani tuhuma na asibiti game da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa (marasa lafiya suna kukan yawan zubar jini na gumis, saurin samuwar rauni daga ƙananan kararrakin, tare da basur a cikin tsokoki da gidajen abinci, tare da tsawan jini da yawa daga raunuka da yankewa, mata masu tsawan jini da yawa).
  • Atherosclerosis, an gano shi a asibiti kuma an tabbatar da shi ta hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
  • Kwayar cuta ta varicose.
  • Cutar cututtukan hanta daban-daban waɗanda ke haifar da rashi na furotin, ciki har da prothrombin.
  • Rashin bitamin K
  • Pathology na rigakafi da tsarin.
  • Cutar Antiphospholipid.
  • Matan da ke fama da ɓarna.
  • Nazarin bincike na tsarin coagulation a wasu rukunan marasa lafiya.
  • Anticoagulant jiyya.

  Binciko na ƙarshe ana yin shi ne kawai a kan cikakken bincike na tsarin coagulation, sabili da haka, bisa ga ƙa'idodin zamani, karkatarwa kawai a cikin aikin prothrombin ko lokacin coagulation ba a ɗauka a matsayin tabbacin ƙarshen binciken ba.

  Ra'ayoyin Post: 2,153

  Manhajan Prothrombin (PTI) - ɗayan masu nuna alamar gwajin jini wanda ke nuna tsarin hemostatic (), wanda ke faruwa tare da halartar furotin na musamman, waɗanda ake kira abubuwan coagulation. Prothrombin furotin, wanda aka kafa a cikin hanta tare da taimakon bitamin K, yana aiki da tsarin.

  Mahimmin binciken yana cikin ƙayyade lokacin coagulation na jinin wani mutum, kazalika da daidaitaccen plasma da kuma bayyana wannan rabo cikin kashi.

  Tsarin jiki

  • Nazarin tsarin hemostatic suna da mahimmanci a cikin binciken cututtukan cututtukan jini daban-daban, syndromes na thromboemolic, yanayin thrombotic da kuma aiwatar da yanayin coagulation na jini, ciki har da yanayin yanayi na girgiza.
  • Tsarin coagulation na jini yana ba da izinin jini a cikin ruwa mai ruwa, yayin da yake cikin dakatar da zubar jini, kazalika da yanayin al'ada bangon jirgin ruwa.
  • An bayar dashi ta hanyar gurza tsarin biyu:coagulant , wanda jerin abubuwa masu rikitarwa ne ta hanyar amfani da enzymes tsakanin abubuwan samar da furotin, da anticoagulant , wanda, akasin haka, baya bada izinin wannan tsari ya haɓaka kuma yana hana ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma, a sakamakon haka, ƙyallen jini.
  • Wani sashi na tsarin coagulation akwai sunadarai wadanda ake kira coagulation dalilai . An ƙidaya su daga 1 zuwa 12. Prothrombin shine mafi mahimmancin bangaren. Wannan sinadari abu ne na 2. Itari ne na tushen enzyme mai aiki, thrombin.
    A karkashin aikinta, suttura mai ɗaukar nauyi (jinin haila) wanda ke rufe rauni ya daina zub da jini. Matsayinta na yau da kullun yana nuna cewa jiki yana iya yin maganin yadda yakamata lokacin jinkirin zubar jini. Sabili da haka, ma'anar wannan alamar tana da mahimmanci.

  A takaice game da coagulation na jini

  Akwai wata dabara da ake bukata don dakatar da zubar jini, ko kuma hakan, don samar da suturar jini (coagulation hemostasis), da nufin kirkirar wani bangare mai mahimmanci - fibrin.

  An samar da wannan inji ta hanyar dalilai 12:

  1. fibrinogen
  2. proromrombin,
  3. nama, shine,
  4. alli ion
  5. labile factor (proaccelirin),
  6. kadan nazarin factor
  7. proconvertin (tabbataccen abu),
  8. antihemophilic globulin A,
  9. Dalilin Kirsimeti (plasma thromboplastin) - factorhehephilic factor C. An ƙaddara don gano cutar sankara mai sanƙarar cuta - haemophilia.
  10. prothrombinase
  11. Hagen factor (contact lamba),
  12. fibrinostabilizing factor.

  Don nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje na tsarin coagulation, al'ada ce don ƙayyade abu na biyu - prothrombin.

  Tsarin coagulation a jikin dan adam yana aiki da dogaro. Don haka, lokacin da ake yin cogulating 10 ml na jini, sai a samar da raka'a 300 na thrombin, wanda ya isa ya haɗu da jini 5 na jini.

  Ayyukanta sune:

  • rigakafin kunnawa da abubuwan coagulation,
  • neutralization da tarewa na aiki coagulation aiki,
  • kunna faranti,
  • lysis (tsabtace) na fibrin, wanda aka kirkira yayin aiwatar da coagulation.

  Tsarin Anticoagulant ya haɗa da abubuwan da ke haɗuwa da asali, kazalika da abubuwan haɗin jiki waɗanda aka kafa yayin aiwatar da coagulation da fibrinolysis na abubuwan coagulation, aikin waɗannan abubuwan shine magance shi da kuma hana abubuwan da ke cikin coagulation. Anticoagulants zai iya zama sunadarai, lipids.

  Tsarin aikin ya kasu kashi biyu:

  1. maganinnarkarin,
  2. maganin antithrombin
  3. maganin rigakafi.
  • Don kimanta tsarin hemostatic Wajibi ne a tantance ayyukan da adadin abubuwan salula da plasma na wannan tsarin a cikin jini wanda yake gudana.
  • A lokaci guda, rage aiki (aiki) daga abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, wanda ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka (thrombosis ko zub da jini), wani lokacin har ma da tushen yanayin ƙarancin ƙarancin yawa (fitarwa na samarwa ko rashi - tare da DIC).
  • Cikakken ganewar asali na rikice-rikice ya ƙayyade dabarun gyaran farce . A wannan yanayin, an ƙaddara buƙatar yin amfani da magunguna don ƙarfafawa ko akasin hana ayyukan da ke lalacewa. Sauya ƙarancin adadin mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar musanyawa da magunguna ko abubuwan haɗin jini.

  Yaya aka ƙaddara mai nuna alama?

  Domin gwajin, dole ne ku wuce gwajin jini na yau da kullun daga jijiya.

  Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don tantance IPT: Gwajin sauri da kuma gwajin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun.

  Prothrombin Gwajin sauri halaye tsari na coagulation na jini, yana sa ya yiwu a kimanta ayyukan prothrombin da masu haɓakawa na juyawa - abubuwan da ke tattare da hadaddun abubuwan prothrombin da abubuwa masu kama da cutar heparin. Ayyukan abubuwan abubuwan da ke tattare da hadaddun prothrombin an bayyana su a matsayin kashi, canjin yanayin al'ada yana dacewa da 80-100%.
  Fayil na Prothrombin da lokaci - babban sigogi da aka ƙaddara.

  Manhajan Prothrombin

  Don haka, a cewar Quick, PTI yana daga 78 zuwa 142%, kuma ta wasu hanyoyi daga 95 zuwa 100%. Abubuwan da aka samo na binciken sun shafi irin wannan alamar yayin da shekarun mutum yake.

  Canje-canje a cikin tsarin hemostatic a cikin shekaru daban-daban:

  • A cikin jarirai jinkirin jini. Ana ambatar wannan musamman a rana ta biyu ta rayuwa. Lowarancin abun ciki a cikin jinin abubuwanda ke haifar da coagulation na jini an ƙaddara su da yawa ta hanjin aikin hanta, karancin samin bitamin K ta microflora na hanji.
  • Duk cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa maida hankali ne akan wasu tabbaci a cikin jini ya hauhawa, amma ya kai matakin girma lokacin balaga.
  • A cikin tsofaffi mutane Ya kamata a sa ido lokacin farin ciki na jini (wannan saboda karuwar adadin fararen hular ne, karuwa a cikin adonsu).

  Yaushe ake ware gwajin alamun prothrombin?

  

  

  KARANTA MAGANARMU!

  Akwai maganganun lokacin da ma'anar ɗayan wannan alamar ba ta isa ba don yin bincike ko kuma rubuta isasshen magani.

  A cikin irin waɗannan halaye, ana ɗaukar su a hade tare da sauran alamomi na tsarin coagulation na jini, sune:

  

  Dalilai na karkacewa daga ka’ida

  Akwai yanayi da yawa a jikin mutum lokacin da matakin PTI zai iya canzawa.Ya danganta da matakin: tare da ƙara yawan lambobin IPT ko ragewa, mutum na iya yin hukunci da kasancewar irin wannan cutar kamar hyper- da hypocoagulation.

  Halin kamar hypercoagulation, ko alamar haɓaka jini na jini zai iya haifar da abubuwan:

  • wuce haddi na bitamin K a cikin jiki (tunda ana buƙatar wannan bitamin don samuwar prothrombin),
  • m neoplasms, nau'o'in nau'ikan tsarin tumo,
  • a cikin marasa lafiya bayan myocardial infarction, kazalika da yi na jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya kewaye kewaye grafting,
  • a cikin bayan aikin zuciya bayan tiyata, maye gurbin bawushe,
  • a cikin marasa lafiya tare da dadewa na firamillation atrial kuma basu shan jami'in antiplatelet,
  • An lura da karuwa a cikin jikin mata masu juna biyu (musamman a cikin sashin karshe na karshe),
  • tare da cututtukan hanta,
  • wani lokacin lokacin amfani da magungunan hana haihuwa, magungunan steroid, hormones adrenal,
  • tare da rikitowar thromboembolic, cututtukan thrombosis,
  • tare da yanayin rayuwa na varicose veins.

  Ragewa prothrombin matakin (hypocoagulation ) ba a la'akari da wani kyakkyawan yanayin cigaban cuta.

  • m mai kumburi tafiyar matakai na hanta - hepatitis,
  • lalacewar tsarin tsarin hanta (sclerosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis),
  • amfani da magungunan anticoagulant (warfarin, asfirin),
  • Rashin bitamin K (akan asalin dysbiosis ko cututtuka na hanji, yayin da aka lalata shaye-shaye),
  • rashin ƙwayar fibrinogen.

  Me za a yi da IPT mai tsayi?

  A wannan yanayin, akwai yiwuwar zub da jini, tunda ba tare da mahimmancin abubuwan prothrombin ba, coagulation ba zaiyi tasiri ba, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar lalacewar yanayin halayen.

  Irin waɗannan mutane lallai ne su nemi likita game da yawan sa ido akan IPT, musamman idan akwai mummunar ƙa'ida.

  Wajibi ne a dauki magunguna idan abubuwan tiyata ya zama tilas, ko dai na tiyata ne ko kuma na tsaka-tsakin kayan kwalliya. Tabbatar ka gargadi likita game da yanayin gwajin lokacin da ka ziyarci likitan hakora, tunda hakora na iya haifar da zubar jini mai tsawan lokaci.

  Yadda ake ɗaukar gwajin jini don PTI

  Don samun ingantaccen sakamako na bincike, yakamata a bi ka'idodi da yawa. Ana gudanar da gwajin ne a kan komai a ciki, a farkon rabin rana. An ba shi damar sha sian sips na ruwa. An ba da shawarar ranar kafin, wani wuri a cikin sa'o'i 24 don guji amfani da mai, mai soyayyen, abinci mai ƙanshi, gami da giya.

  Yadda za a rage ƙananan bayanan prothrombin?

  Abu na farko da yakamata ayi shine tattaunawa tare da likitan hauka ta hanyar ziyartar kwararrun ma'aikata. Kasuwancin magunguna yana wakiltar taro da yawa don gyaran tsarin hemostatic. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin sashin da ya dace, kuma kuna buƙatar maimaita nazarin a wani lokaci kuma, dangane da sakamakon, canza sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi.

  Hanyar don tantance IPT

  Jini zai ɗaura jini na yau da kullun idan prothrombin, furotin da ƙwayoyin hanta ke aiki da su, suna aiki sosai. Domin samar da abu mai wadataccen yawa, ya zama dole a sami wasu abubuwanda ake gano su, musamman Vitamin K. Abin da ya sa kenan, tare da rashi wannan bitamin, kwayoyin suna bayyana wanda yake haifar da ƙyallen jini.

  Prothrombin yana aiki ne don kafa coagulation na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Ta hanyar ƙididdige adadin prothrombin, wanda alama ce ta haɗuwa da jini, zaku iya gano game da kasancewar wata cuta. Don ƙayyade prothrombin, akwai nau'ikan karatu daban-daban.

  Musamman ma, ana yin lissafin:

  1. PTI mai sauri. Wannan hanyar bincike ana ɗauka mafi dacewa. Yana taimaka wajen ganin matakin ayyukan gina jiki. Binciken yana ba da kimantawa na jigon plasma mai haƙuri zuwa samfurin sarrafawa. Ana lissafin PTI a matsayin kashi.
  2. Lokacin Prothrombin. Wato, an kafa shi har tsawon lokacin da jini ke cikin haɗuwa.
  3. Fayil na prothrombin - rabo na lokacin prothrombin, wanda shine ka'idodi, ga bayanan batun.
  4. Prothrombin index INR. Tare da taimakon irin wannan gwajin, ana kula da kulawar marasa lafiyar da aka ba su magungunan ta hanyar kai tsaye, magungunan da ke rage jigilar tsarin kuma rage matakan furotin.

  IPT Norms da Alamun Gwaji

  Ignaddamar da aikin bincike zai yiwu idan:

  • mara lafiya yana fama da zubar jini na tsawan lokaci, wanda hakan ke haifar da karancin jini,
  • akwai raguwa a aikin hanta da kuma enzymes dinsa,
  • likita yana zargin ci gaban kansa,
  • ana buƙatar sarrafa matakin coagulation yayin kulawa tare da maganin anticoagulants.

  M mata masu juna biyu masu saurin ɗaukar hoto na coagulogram don gano-farko, alal misali, raguwa a cikin jigidar prothrombin.

  Ana kuma aika da mata masu shekaru 45 don yin nazari, tunda saboda canji daga yanayin halittar, canje-canje ya faru a cikin:

  • tsarin jini
  • tsarinsa - ƙididdiga da inganci.

  A cikin kowane dakin gwaje-gwaje, za a ba da bayanan ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

  1. Daidaitattun ka'idodi.
  2. Ingancin ingancin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma darajar kayan aikin zamani.
  3. Siffofin tarihin batun.

  Ga maza da mata, alamu na yau da kullun sune% (idan ana amfani da dabara mai sauri). Lokacin da sakamakon ya nuna IPT da ke ƙasa da 77%, wannan yana nuna cewa mai haƙuri yana da ƙananan bayanan prothrombin. Idan ya zarce kashi 120%, to haɓakar maɓallin ta haɓaka.

  IPT, gabaɗaɗa, ya dogara da kasancewar ƙwayar cuta a cikin jikin mutum. Jinsi ba ya taka rawa ta musamman. Wani abin kuma idan matar tana cikin matsayi.

  Muhimmancin tantance IPT yayin daukar ciki

  Duk wata mace da ke dauke da jariri dole ne a sanya mata alluran, tare da taimakon ta wacce an kafa kimar prothrombin. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don guje wa zubar jini mai yawa yayin haihuwa ko don hana ƙwanƙwasa jini.

  Adadin PTI wanda aka kafa wa uwaye masu fata shine%. Lokacin da PTI ya rage, idan bayanan sun nuna 80% ko lessasa, akwai babbar barazanar zubar jini. A wannan yanayin, an wajabta coagulants. Dangane da haka, idan yawan kuɗin ya karu, kuna buƙatar magunguna waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don rage ƙwanƙwasa jini.

  Hakanan wajibi ne don sanin lokacin prothrombin. Me yasa wannan yake da mahimmanci?

  Idan likita yasan lokacin da jinin ke cikin ƙwayar cikin macen, to zai yuwu a guji:

  • zub da jini
  • abin da ya faru na gigicewar hemolytic, wanda shine sakamakon mummunan zubar jini da saboda wanda mata yayin haihuwa sukan mutu.

  Wasu mata masu juna biyu sun ƙi bin shawarwarin likita, suna da tabbacin cewa ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin adadi masu yawa suna cutar lafiyar su. Koyaya, ba tare da bayani kan ƙimar IPT ba, likitan ba zai iya ba da taimakon lokaci ba. Idan aka saukar da adadi, mahaifa na iya fashewa ko zubar jini bayan jini zai fara. Ba a cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin bugun jini tare da haɓaka a cikin alamun.

  Me yasa mabuɗin yake raguwa?

  Hakanan ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ne domin a tabbatar ko a nisantar da karkatacciyar hanya. A zahiri, lokacin da IPT ya juya aka saukar da shi, to akwai wasu dalilai waɗanda ke buƙatar kafawa. Bayan nazarin, ana ba mai haƙuri sakamako a cikin nau'in tebur, inda aka nuna ƙididdigar ma'anar, kazalika da raguwa, saboda abin da motsi ya haifar.

  Za a saukar da IPT lokacin da:

  • Rashin bitamin K
  • rashin prothrombin na haifuwa ko haifuwa,
  • malfactioning na hanta da kuma pancreas,
  • yin amfani da kwayoyi a cikin dogon lokaci wanda ke shafar matakin zubar jini.

  Ana iya rage raguwa cikin ƙididdigar ta hanyar alamun da ke nuna matsaloli tare da hanta da hanji.

  Mai haƙuri zai sha wahala daga:

  Amma babbar alama kuma mai haɗarin gaske shine zubar da jini mai nauyi, koda tare da ƙaramin yanka. Rasarkewar yau da kullun akan gwiwar hannu tare da karamin IPI na iya haifar da asarar kusan 300 ml na jini.

  Kada ku taɓa ƙin yin gwaje-gwaje, saboda ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za ku iya lura da cin zarafin farko a cikin jiki a cikin lokaci. Iyaye mata masu zuwa ya kamata su mai da hankali musamman ga yanayin su, saboda ba wai kawai lafiyar su ba, har ma da rayuwar yaran, wanda ya kamata a haife shi, ya dogara da ayyukansu.

  Prothrombin: al'ada

  A cikin jikin mutum akwai motsi na jini akai-akai - ruwa mai ba da rai wanda ke ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga dukkanin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum da metabolism. Tsawon tasoshin jiragen ruwa shine dubban kilomita, kuma yankin su ya wuce rabin hectare. Ba zai yiwu a yi tunanin yadda wannan duka ya dace da jikin saurayi ba.

  Amma adadin ruwa mai ba da rai kaɗan ne: ga maza - kaɗan da lita biyar, kuma ga mata - kusan huɗu. Saboda haka, lokacin da raunin ko yankewa suka keta mutuncin tsarin wurare dabam dabam, abubuwan da ke ciki zasu iya zubar da sauri, suna barazanar mutum da mummunan sakamako.

  Idan ba a hana zubar da jini ba, babban jigilar abubuwan hawa wanda ke kula da dukkan jikin mutum zai daina kasancewa.

  Don hana wannan daga faruwa, yanayi ya kirkiro tsarin da ke da alhakin coagulation na jini. Ita ce ke da ikon buɗe hanyoyin kariya waɗanda ke rufe rauni kuma ba sa barin jini ya bar tasoshin.

  Menene darajar prothrombin index (PTI) ga mata?

  Tsarin prothrombin (PTI) yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun gwajin jini wanda ke nuna tsarin hemostatic (coagulation na jini), wanda ke faruwa tare da halartar wasu furotin na musamman da ake kira abubuwan coagulation. Prothrombin furotin, wanda aka kafa a cikin hanta tare da taimakon bitamin K, yana aiki da tsarin.

  Mahimmin binciken yana cikin ƙayyade lokacin coagulation na jinin wani mutum, kazalika da daidaitaccen plasma da kuma bayyana wannan rabo cikin kashi.

  Me kuma kuke kulawa da shi yayin nazarin IPT?

  Akwai maganganun lokacin da ma'anar ɗayan wannan alamar ba ta isa ba don yin bincike ko kuma rubuta isasshen magani.

  A cikin irin waɗannan halaye, ana ɗaukar su a hade tare da sauran alamomi na tsarin coagulation na jini, sune:

  1. lokacin coagulation (na Li-white),
  2. lokacin plasma recalcification,
  3. karafarini
  4. tabbatar da dalilin prothrombin lokaci,
  5. fibrinogen taro,
  6. plasma haƙuri to heparin,
  7. lokacin heparin
  8. fibrinolysis.

  Me za a yi tare da rage IPT?

  

  Don haka, an gano ƙididdigar ƙwayar prothrombin (PTI). Saboda tasirin ƙayyadaddun abubuwan, masu nuna alamun na iya raguwa ko haɓaka, wanda ke nuna babban haɗari ga lafiyar.

  Hanyar don tantance IPT

  Jini zai ɗaura jini na yau da kullun idan prothrombin, furotin da ƙwayoyin hanta ke aiki da su, suna aiki sosai. Domin samar da abu mai wadataccen yawa, ya zama dole a sami wasu abubuwanda ake gano su, musamman Vitamin K. Abin da ya sa kenan, tare da rashi wannan bitamin, kwayoyin suna bayyana wanda yake haifar da ƙyallen jini.

  Prothrombin yana aiki ne don kafa coagulation na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Ta hanyar ƙididdige adadin prothrombin, wanda alama ce ta haɗuwa da jini, zaku iya gano game da kasancewar wata cuta. Don ƙayyade prothrombin, akwai nau'ikan karatu daban-daban.

  Musamman ma, ana yin lissafin:

  1. PTI mai sauri. Wannan hanyar bincike ana ɗauka mafi dacewa. Yana taimaka wajen ganin matakin ayyukan gina jiki. Binciken yana ba da kimantawa na jigon plasma mai haƙuri zuwa samfurin sarrafawa.Ana lissafin PTI a matsayin kashi.
  2. Lokacin Prothrombin. Wato, an kafa shi har tsawon lokacin da jini ke cikin haɗuwa.
  3. Fayil na prothrombin - rabo na lokacin prothrombin, wanda shine ka'idodi, ga bayanan batun.
  4. Prothrombin index INR. Tare da taimakon irin wannan gwajin, ana kula da kulawar marasa lafiyar da aka ba su magungunan ta hanyar kai tsaye, magungunan da ke rage jigilar tsarin kuma rage matakan furotin.

  IPT Norms da Alamun Gwaji

  Ignaddamar da aikin bincike zai yiwu idan:

  • mara lafiya yana fama da zubar jini na tsawan lokaci, wanda hakan ke haifar da karancin jini,
  • akwai raguwa a aikin hanta da kuma enzymes dinsa,
  • likita yana zargin ci gaban kansa,
  • ana buƙatar sarrafa matakin coagulation yayin kulawa tare da maganin anticoagulants.

  M mata masu juna biyu masu saurin ɗaukar hoto na coagulogram don gano-farko, alal misali, raguwa a cikin jigidar prothrombin.

  Ana kuma aika da mata masu shekaru 45 don yin nazari, tunda saboda canji daga yanayin halittar, canje-canje ya faru a cikin:

  • tsarin jini
  • tsarinsa - ƙididdiga da inganci.

  A cikin kowane dakin gwaje-gwaje, za a ba da bayanan ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

  1. Daidaitattun ka'idodi.
  2. Ingancin ingancin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma darajar kayan aikin zamani.
  3. Siffofin tarihin batun.

  Ga maza da mata, alamu na yau da kullun sune% (idan ana amfani da dabara mai sauri). Lokacin da sakamakon ya nuna IPT da ke ƙasa da 77%, wannan yana nuna cewa mai haƙuri yana da ƙananan bayanan prothrombin. Idan ya zarce kashi 120%, to haɓakar maɓallin ta haɓaka.

  IPT, gabaɗaɗa, ya dogara da kasancewar ƙwayar cuta a cikin jikin mutum. Jinsi ba ya taka rawa ta musamman. Wani abin kuma idan matar tana cikin matsayi.

  Muhimmancin tantance IPT yayin daukar ciki

  Duk wata mace da ke dauke da jariri dole ne a sanya mata alluran, tare da taimakon ta wacce an kafa kimar prothrombin. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don guje wa zubar jini mai yawa yayin haihuwa ko don hana ƙwanƙwasa jini.

  Adadin PTI wanda aka kafa wa uwaye masu fata shine%. Lokacin da PTI ya rage, idan bayanan sun nuna 80% ko lessasa, akwai babbar barazanar zubar jini. A wannan yanayin, an wajabta coagulants. Dangane da haka, idan yawan kuɗin ya karu, kuna buƙatar magunguna waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don rage ƙwanƙwasa jini.

  Hakanan wajibi ne don sanin lokacin prothrombin. Me yasa wannan yake da mahimmanci?

  Idan likita yasan lokacin da jinin ke cikin ƙwayar cikin macen, to zai yuwu a guji:

  • zub da jini
  • abin da ya faru na gigicewar hemolytic, wanda shine sakamakon mummunan zubar jini da saboda wanda mata yayin haihuwa sukan mutu.

  Wasu mata masu juna biyu sun ƙi bin shawarwarin likita, suna da tabbacin cewa ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin adadi masu yawa suna cutar lafiyar su. Koyaya, ba tare da bayani kan ƙimar IPT ba, likitan ba zai iya ba da taimakon lokaci ba. Idan aka saukar da adadi, mahaifa na iya fashewa ko zubar jini bayan jini zai fara. Ba a cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin bugun jini tare da haɓaka a cikin alamun.

  Me yasa mabuɗin yake raguwa?

  Hakanan ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ne domin a tabbatar ko a nisantar da karkatacciyar hanya. A zahiri, lokacin da IPT ya juya aka saukar da shi, to akwai wasu dalilai waɗanda ke buƙatar kafawa. Bayan nazarin, ana ba mai haƙuri sakamako a cikin nau'in tebur, inda aka nuna ƙididdigar ma'anar, kazalika da raguwa, saboda abin da motsi ya haifar.

  Za a saukar da IPT lokacin da:

  • Rashin bitamin K
  • rashin prothrombin na haifuwa ko haifuwa,
  • malfactioning na hanta da kuma pancreas,
  • yin amfani da kwayoyi a cikin dogon lokaci wanda ke shafar matakin zubar jini.

  Ana iya rage raguwa cikin ƙididdigar ta hanyar alamun da ke nuna matsaloli tare da hanta da hanji.

  Mai haƙuri zai sha wahala daga:

  Amma babbar alama kuma mai haɗarin gaske shine zubar da jini mai nauyi, koda tare da ƙaramin yanka. Rasarkewar yau da kullun akan gwiwar hannu tare da karamin IPI na iya haifar da asarar kusan 300 ml na jini.

  Kada ku taɓa ƙin yin gwaje-gwaje, saboda ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za ku iya lura da cin zarafin farko a cikin jiki a cikin lokaci. Iyaye mata masu zuwa ya kamata su mai da hankali musamman ga yanayin su, saboda ba wai kawai lafiyar su ba, har ma da rayuwar yaran, wanda ya kamata a haife shi, ya dogara da ayyukansu.

  Prothrombin: al'ada

  A cikin jikin mutum akwai motsi na jini akai-akai - ruwa mai ba da rai wanda ke ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga dukkanin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum da metabolism. Tsawon tasoshin jiragen ruwa shine dubban kilomita, kuma yankin su ya wuce rabin hectare. Ba zai yiwu a yi tunanin yadda wannan duka ya dace da jikin saurayi ba.

  Amma adadin ruwa mai ba da rai kaɗan ne: ga maza - kaɗan da lita biyar, kuma ga mata - kusan huɗu. Saboda haka, lokacin da raunin ko yankewa suka keta mutuncin tsarin wurare dabam dabam, abubuwan da ke ciki zasu iya zubar da sauri, suna barazanar mutum da mummunan sakamako.

  Idan ba a hana zubar da jini ba, babban jigilar abubuwan hawa wanda ke kula da dukkan jikin mutum zai daina kasancewa.

  Don hana wannan daga faruwa, yanayi ya kirkiro tsarin da ke da alhakin coagulation na jini. Ita ce ke da ikon buɗe hanyoyin kariya waɗanda ke rufe rauni kuma ba sa barin jini ya bar tasoshin.

  Darajar prothrombin a jiki

  Wani sashi na wannan tsarin sune kariya ta plasma na musamman da ake kira abubuwan coagulation. Lambobin Roman suna nuna su daga I zuwa XIII. Prothrombin yana ɗayan manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Wannan sinadari coagulation factor II.

  Sunan "prothrombin" yana nuna cewa shine farkon zuwa thrombin, enzyme mai aiki. Tare da taimakonsa, suturar jini (thrombus) yayi, yana rufe rauni da dakatar da zubar jini.

  Matsayi na prothrombin na yau da kullun yana nuna cewa tsarin coagulation na jini yana aiki yadda ya kamata kuma jiki na iya dakatar da asarar wannan ruwa mai bada rai cikin lokaci.

  Ba a yin nazarin abubuwan da ke kunshe da furotin koda yaushe kamar gwajin asibiti ne na jini. Wannan hanyar ba sauki kuma an wajabta ta ne kawai idan akwai gaggawa, alal misali, tare da cututtukan jini ko a gaban matsaloli tare da coagulability.

  Eterayyade matakin prothrombin shine mafi mahimmancin gwaji a cikin haɗin hemostasiogram.

  Farashin Prothrombin

  Kwayoyin prothrombin suna fashewa da sauri da sauri. Zai yi wuya a raba su da wasu sunadarai, wanda ke rikitar da matsayin sa sosai. Don ƙididdigar inganci, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa.

  • Prothrombin ta hanyar sauri. A yau, ana yarda da wannan hanyar gaba ɗaya kuma gama gari. Wannan dabarar tana ba da lissafin matakin abu kamar kashi na adadin wanda za'a yarda. Ana la'akari da waɗannan dabi'u masu kyau (%):
    • m - 70,
    • matsakaicin shine 120.

    Mai nuna alama yana ba ka damar sanin aikin plasma plasma hadadden kwatancen daban-daban na dillancin plasma na mai haƙuri. An tsara zane-zanen canje-canje na prothrombin, wanda aka gina shi dangane da bayanai akan lokacin ɗaukar jini.

    Expertswararrun Bincike suna ƙimar masana a matsayin mafi daidaituwa lokacin da aka yi ƙimar ƙananan prothrombin.

  • Prothrombin index - kuma an ƙaddara azaman kashi. Alamar yau da kullun tana cikin irin wannan iyakoki (%):
    • m - 95,
    • matsakaicin shine 105.

    Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen guda biyu da aka ambata a sama na iya daidaituwa idan prothrombin al'ada ne. Amma lokacin da darajarta tayi ƙasa da ƙima, suna rarrabewa sosai.Indexididdigar ta dogara da ƙwaƙwalwar sinadaran da ake amfani da su a gwajin.

    Lokaci na Prothrombin - yana nuna yawan seconds na maganin plasma bayan ƙara cakuda na musamman a ciki.

    Bayanan gwajin karshe ya dogara da shekaru. A cikin jarirai sabon haihuwa, lokacin coagulation jini na iya zama daga 14 zuwa 18 seconds. Kuma waɗannan alamun suna al'ada. A cikin manya, tsawan tazara 10 zuwa 15 ana ɗauka mafi kyau duka.

    Halin al'ada na al'ada - INR. Wannan hanyar ba na tilas bane kuma ana amfani dashi don sarrafa sakamakon gwajin prothrombin.

    Ana ba da shawarar hanyar INR ta hanyar kwararru na WHO da sauran ƙungiyoyi na duniya da kwamitocin da ke nazarin thrombosis kuma daidaita matsayin ilimin jini. Sakamakon irin wannan gwajin ya ba da izinin likita don lura da tasirin magani tare da maganin rashin amfani da jini, abubuwa masu haɓaka waɗanda ke rage matakin prothrombin a cikin jini da rage jinkirin sa. Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna don maganin thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, watau, rashin lafiyar da ke haifar da haɗari na jini a cikin jijiyoyin.

    INR yawanci 0.85-1.15.

    Lokacin da lura da cututtuka irin su embolism na huhu, thrombosis venous, ko pathology of the valves na zuciya suna nan, iyakokin da aka yarda sun ƙaru zuwa 3.0.

    Alamu don gwajin prothrombin

    Likita na iya yin gwajin jini na prothrombin a cikin irin waɗannan halaye:

    • mara lafiya yana da zub da jini wanda baya tsayawa tsawan tsawan lokaci (wannan a fili yana nuna cewa coagulation jini yana kasa da al'ada),
    • ayyukan enzymes na hanta da hanta gaba daya yana raguwa,
    • don lura da coagulation tare da tsawanta amfani da magungunan kashe kwari,
    • tare da cututtukan antiphospholipid don fayyace dalilin cutar,
    • idan akwai cututtukan da ke tattare da rashin bitamin K.

    Wasu dalilai na kaikaice waɗanda ke buƙatar bincike na prothrombin keɓaɓɓu ne daban. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana sanya mata karatun ne daga shekara 50 zuwa 60. A wannan lokacin ne canje-canje na hormonal ya faru, yana haifar da canji a cikin tsari da tsarin jini.

    Irin waɗannan likitocin suna iya ba da izinin yin bincike:

    Don bincike, ana amfani da jini daga jijiya. Domin sakamakon ya kasance daidai kamar yadda zai yiwu, dole ne a lura da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idoji kafin binciken:

    • abincin dare ba daga baya da karfe takwas na yamma, aƙalla awanni 12 kafin gwaji,
    • Kafin binciken, yana da mahimmanci a sanya tsari da jijiyoyi kuma kada su yi rauni a jiki,
    • kada ku sha taba a ranar gwaji kuma kar ku sha giya mai ƙarfi.

    Kamar yadda aka saba, ana bayar da jini da safe zuwa gaɓoɓin mara komai. Wajibi ne a sanar da ma'aikatan lafiya game da duk magungunan da aka sha a ranar ƙarshe.

    Prothrombin ya karu

    Increasedarin abubuwan da ke cikin prothrombin a cikin jini yana nuna cewa coagulation na jini ya fi na al'ada. Wannan yana nuna cewa ya zama viscous sosai, wanda ke kawo cikas ga zagayawa jini kuma yana kaiwa ga toshewar hanyoyin jini.

    Irin waɗannan cututtukan na iya haifar da haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin prothrombin, kuma daga nan coagulability jini:

    • m neoplasms,
    • ilimin hanta na hanta
    • thromboembolism
    • karihalinia,
    • ci gaban angina pectoris.

    Irin waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya ƙara yawan furotin:

    • da yawaitar bitamin K a jikin mutum wanda aka samar da prothrombin,
    • yin amfani da magungunan anticoagulants, maganin rigakafi, acid nicotinic, rigakafin hormonal a cikin far. Yin amfani da aspirin da yawa, magungunan anabolic steroid, da kwayoyi masu lalacewa zasu iya shafar haɓakar prothrombin.

    Yawancin lokaci, abubuwan gina jiki suna karuwa yayin haihuwar jariri. Mafi yawancin lokuta, wannan yana nuna kansa a cikin ƙarshen satin ƙarshe kuma baya buƙatar magani.

    Prothrombin rage: haddasawa

    Lowarancin prothrombin yana da haɗari saboda koda karamin rauni wanda ke cutar da jinin jini na iya haifar da asarar jini. Bayan haka, kirkirar suturar jini yana da sauƙi fiye da yadda ya kamata.

    Rage matakan prothrombin suna tsokani irin wadannan dalilai:

    • Wasu cututtukan hanta, kodayake yawancinsu suna haɗuwa da haɓakar furotin. Abun da ke cikin prothrombin yana raguwa a cikin nau'ikan cututtukan hepatitis da na kullum. Hakanan yana shafar cirrhosis.
    • Rashin wadatar bitamin na jiki Rashin wadatar jiki Wannan tsarin yana haifar da mafi yawan lokuta saboda cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki da dysbiosis.
    • Ragewar Fibrinogen - wani sinadari ne wanda aka samar a cikin hanta sannan kuma ya juye ya zama fibrin, wanda shine tushen sutturar yayin farin jini. Irin wannan aibi na iya zama a cikin haife shi da kuma samu.
    • Shan don dalilai na warkewa magunguna waɗanda ke inganta haɓaka jini na jini.

    Yana yiwuwa a dawo da matakin prothrombin zuwa al'ada, amma akwai bukatar a yi wani abu kawai bayan tuntuɓar ƙwararrun masana.

    Maganin warkarwa shine nufin kawar da cututtukan da suka haifar da matsalar. Abinda yake sau da yawa, tushen magani shine abinci na musamman.

    Menene darajar prothrombin index (PTI) ga mata?

    Tsarin prothrombin (PTI) yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun gwajin jini wanda ke nuna tsarin hemostatic (coagulation na jini), wanda ke faruwa tare da halartar wasu furotin na musamman da ake kira abubuwan coagulation. Prothrombin furotin, wanda aka kafa a cikin hanta tare da taimakon bitamin K, yana aiki da tsarin.

    Mahimmin binciken yana cikin ƙayyade lokacin coagulation na jinin wani mutum, kazalika da daidaitaccen plasma da kuma bayyana wannan rabo cikin kashi.

    Tsarin jiki

    • Nazarin tsarin hemostasis suna da mahimmanci a cikin binciken cututtukan jini daban-daban, syndromes na thromboembolic, yanayin thrombotic da kuma aiwatar da tsarin zubar jini, ciki har da yanayin yanayin girgiza, ƙonewa.
    • Tsarin coagulation na jini yana kiyaye jini a cikin ruwa mai ruwa, yayin da yake cikin dakatar da zubar jini, kazalika da yanayin al'ada bangon jirgin ruwa.
    • An samar dashi ta hanyar magance tsarin guda biyu: coagulant, wanda ke wakiltar jerin maganganu masu rikitarwa tare da enzymes tsakanin abubuwan da ke kunshewar furotin, da kuma maganin rashin ruwa, wanda, akasin haka, yana hana wannan tsari daga haɓakawa kuma yana hana ƙirƙirar kwayoyi kuma, a sakamakon haka, ƙwaƙwalwar jini.
    • Wani sashi na tsarin coagulation sune sunadarai, waɗanda ake kira abubuwan haɗuwa da jini. An ƙidaya su daga 1 zuwa 12. Prothrombin shine mafi mahimmancin bangaren. Wannan sinadari abu ne na 2. Itari ne na tushen enzyme mai aiki, thrombin.

    Tare da aikinta, suturar jini (thrombus) ya samar, wanda ke rufe rauni kuma ya daina zub da jini. Matsayinta na yau da kullun yana nuna cewa jiki yana iya yin maganin yadda yakamata lokacin jinkirin zubar jini. Sabili da haka, ma'anar wannan alamar tana da mahimmanci.

    A takaice game da coagulation na jini

    Akwai wata dabara da ake bukata don dakatar da zubar jini, ko kuma hakan, don samar da suturar jini (coagulation hemostasis), da nufin kirkirar wani bangare mai mahimmanci - fibrin.

    An samar da wannan inji ta hanyar dalilai 12:

    1. fibrinogen
    2. proromrombin,
    3. nama, shine,
    4. alli ion
    5. labile factor (proaccelirin),
    6. kadan nazarin factor
    7. proconvertin (tabbataccen abu),
    8. antihemophilic globulin A,
    9. Dalilin Kirsimeti (plasma thromboplastin) - factorhehephilic factor C. An ƙaddara don gano cutar sankara mai sanƙarar cuta - haemophilia.
    10. prothrombinase
    11. Hagen factor (contact lamba),
    12. fibrinostabilizing factor.

    Don nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje na tsarin coagulation, al'ada ce don ƙayyade abu na biyu, prothrombin.

    • rigakafin kunnawa da abubuwan coagulation,
    • neutralization da tarewa na aiki coagulation aiki,
    • kunna faranti,
    • lysis (tsabtace) na fibrin, wanda aka kirkira yayin aiwatar da coagulation.

    Tsarin Anticoagulant ya haɗa da abubuwan da ke haɗuwa da asali, kazalika da abubuwan haɗin jiki waɗanda aka kafa yayin aiwatar da coagulation da fibrinolysis na abubuwan coagulation, aikin waɗannan abubuwan shine magance shi da kuma hana abubuwan da ke cikin coagulation. Anticoagulants zai iya zama sunadarai, lipids.

    Tsarin aikin ya kasu kashi biyu:

    1. maganinnarkarin,
    2. maganin antithrombin
    3. maganin rigakafi.
    • Don kimanta tsarin hemostatic, ya zama dole don ƙididdige duka aikin da adadin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin sel da plasma na wannan tsarin a cikin jini wanda yake gudana.
    • A lokaci guda, raguwa a cikin aiki (aiki) na abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, wanda ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, na iya haifar da bayyanar asibiti (thrombosis ko zub da jini), wani lokacin har ma da tushen yanayin ƙarancin ƙarancin yawa (samar da fitarwa ko raguwa - tare da DIC).
    • Cikakken ganewar asali na rikice-rikice ya ƙayyade dabarun gyaran farce. A wannan yanayin, an ƙaddara buƙatar yin amfani da magunguna don ƙarfafawa ko akasin hana ayyukan da ke lalacewa. Sauya ƙarancin adadin mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar musanyawa da magunguna ko abubuwan haɗin jini.

    Yaya aka ƙaddara mai nuna alama?

    Domin gwajin, dole ne ku wuce gwajin jini na yau da kullun daga jijiya.

    Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don tantance IPT: gwajin sauri da kuma gwajin ɗakunan bincike na yau da kullun.

    Gwajin Prothrombin Quik yana nuna yanayin aikin coagulation na jini, yana sa ya yiwu a kimanta ayyukan prothrombin da masu saurin juyawa - abubuwan da ke tattare da hadaddun kwayoyin prothrombin da abubuwa masu kama da heparin. An bayyana ayyukan abubuwan da ke tattare da hadaddun prothrbin a matsayin kashi, canjin yanayin al'ada yana dace da%.

    Index na prothrombin da lokaci sune sigogi masu mahimmanci, waɗanda aka ƙaddara.

    Manhajan Prothrombin

    Don haka, a cewar Quick, PTI yana daga 78 zuwa 142%, kuma ta wasu hanyoyi daga 95 zuwa 100%. Abubuwan da aka samo na binciken sun shafi irin wannan alamar yayin da shekarun mutum yake.

    Canje-canje a cikin tsarin hemostatic a cikin shekaru daban-daban:

    • A cikin jarirai, coagulation na jini yayi jinkiri. Ana ambatar wannan musamman a rana ta biyu ta rayuwa. Lowarancin abun ciki a cikin jinin abubuwanda ke haifar da coagulation na jini an ƙaddara su da yawa ta hanjin aikin hanta, karancin samin bitamin K ta microflora na hanji.
    • A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, tattara wasu tabbaci a cikin jini ya tashi, amma ya kai matsayin girma yayin balaga.
    • A cikin tsofaffi, ya kamata a sa ran za a yi fashin jini (wannan kuwa saboda karuwar adadin fararen hular, karuwar adonsu).

    Yaushe ake ware gwajin alamun prothrombin?

    • Idan akwai zub da jini, kumburi ko kumburi ba gaira ba dalili,
    • Nazarin aikin tilas
    • Don tantance yanayin tsarin coagulation kuma,
    • Don kamuwa da cutar cututtukan jini da wuri,
    • Idan ana zargin kansa kansa
    • Don saka idanu akan jiyya na dogon lokaci tare da maganin rashin daidaituwa kamar warfarin,
    • Don tantance yanayin aikin hanta,
    • Tare da thrombosis,
    • Don ƙaddara kasancewar DIC.

    KARANTA MAGANARMU!

    Kwanan nan, na karanta wani labarin wanda yayi magana game da Monastic Tea don magance cututtukan zuciya. Amfani da wannan shayi, zaku iya DON tsinkayen arrhythmia, gazawar zuciya, atherosclerosis, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin zuciya, cututtukan zuciya da sauran cututtukan zuciya da na jini a gida. Ba a amfani da ni ba don amincewa da kowane bayani, amma na yanke shawarar dubawa da ba da odar jaka.

    Me kuma kuke kulawa da shi yayin nazarin IPT?

    Akwai maganganun lokacin da ma'anar ɗayan wannan alamar ba ta isa ba don yin bincike ko kuma rubuta isasshen magani.

    A cikin irin waɗannan halaye, ana ɗaukar su a hade tare da sauran alamomi na tsarin coagulation na jini, sune:

    1. lokacin coagulation (na Li-white),
    2. lokacin plasma recalcification,
    3. karafarini
    4. tabbatar da dalilin prothrombin lokaci,
    5. fibrinogen taro,
    6. plasma haƙuri to heparin,
    7. lokacin heparin
    8. fibrinolysis.

    Yawan kuɗi na yau da kullun a cikin mata

    • Ga mata, ƙididdigar ƙwayar prothrombin daidai take da ta maza kuma tana%. Banda shi ne lokacin daukar ciki, musamman sati na karshe, lokacin da matakin nuna alama yake ƙaruwa. Adadin% a yayin daukar ciki ana daukar shi a matsayin ka'idodi.
    • A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci a kula da tsarin coagulation na jini, a ɗauki gwajin coagulogram, tunda yana da matukar muhimmanci a tantance matsayin jinin, a shirya haihuwa. Kimantawa riga ɗaya daga cikin alamomin, kamar IPT, zaku iya yin hasashen haɗarin rikice-rikice yayin haihuwa ko bayan hakan, shine alamar zubar jinni.
    • Farkon gano irin wannan yiwuwar yana sa ya yiwu a hana haɓakar yanayin cutar ta amfani da wasu magunguna, maƙasudin yin amfani da shi wanda yake tasiri akan tsarin coagulation.

    Dalilai na karkacewa daga ka’ida

    Akwai yanayi da yawa a jikin mutum lokacin da matakin PTI zai iya canzawa. Ya danganta da matakin: tare da ƙara yawan lambobin IPT ko ragewa, mutum na iya yin hukunci da kasancewar irin wannan cutar kamar hyper- da hypocoagulation.

    Halin kamar hypercoagulation, ko alamar haɓaka jini na jini zai iya haifar da abubuwan:

    • wuce haddi na bitamin K a cikin jiki (tunda ana buƙatar wannan bitamin don samuwar prothrombin),
    • m neoplasms, nau'o'in nau'ikan tsarin tumo,
    • a cikin marasa lafiya bayan myocardial infarction, kazalika da yi na jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya kewaye kewaye grafting,
    • a cikin bayan aikin zuciya bayan tiyata, maye gurbin bawushe,
    • a cikin marasa lafiya tare da dadewa na firamillation atrial kuma basu shan jami'in antiplatelet,
    • An lura da karuwa a cikin jikin mata masu juna biyu (musamman a cikin sashin karshe na karshe),
    • tare da cututtukan hanta,
    • wani lokacin lokacin amfani da magungunan hana haihuwa, magungunan steroid, hormones adrenal,
    • tare da rikitowar thromboembolic, cututtukan thrombosis,
    • tare da yanayin rayuwa na varicose veins.

    Ragewar matakan prothrombin (hypocoagulation) ba a la'akari da cewa yana da kyau yanayin aikin ci gaba.

    • m mai kumburi tafiyar matakai na hanta - hepatitis,
    • lalacewar tsarin tsarin hanta (sclerosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis),
    • amfani da magungunan anticoagulant (warfarin, asfirin),
    • Rashin bitamin K (akan asalin dysbiosis ko cututtuka na hanji, yayin da aka lalata shaye-shaye),
    • rashin ƙwayar fibrinogen.

    Me za a yi da IPT mai tsayi?

    Irin waɗannan mutane lallai ne su nemi likita game da yawan sa ido akan IPT, musamman idan akwai mummunar ƙa'ida.

    Wajibi ne a dauki magunguna idan abubuwan tiyata ya zama tilas, ko dai na tiyata ne ko kuma na tsaka-tsakin kayan kwalliya. Tabbatar ka gargadi likita game da yanayin gwajin lokacin da ka ziyarci likitan hakora, tunda hakora na iya haifar da zubar jini mai tsawan lokaci.

    Yadda ake ɗaukar gwajin jini don PTI

    Don samun ingantaccen sakamako na bincike, yakamata a bi ka'idodi da yawa. Ana gudanar da gwajin ne a kan komai a ciki, a farkon rabin rana. An ba shi damar sha sian sips na ruwa. An ba da shawarar ranar kafin, wani wuri a cikin sa'o'i 24 don guji amfani da mai, mai soyayyen, abinci mai ƙanshi, gami da giya.

    Yadda za a rage ƙananan bayanan prothrombin?

    Abu na farko da yakamata ayi shine tattaunawa tare da likitan hauka ta hanyar ziyartar kwararrun ma'aikata. Kasuwancin magunguna yana wakiltar taro da yawa don gyaran tsarin hemostatic.Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin sashin da ya dace, kuma kuna buƙatar maimaita nazarin a wani lokaci kuma, dangane da sakamakon, canza sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi.

    Me za a yi tare da rage IPT?

    • Ana nuna wannan yanayin ta babban yiwuwar rashin ƙarfin jini na thrombosis, kuma, a sakamakon haka, ta hanyar toshe manyan tasoshin ruwa, wanda ke tattare da rikicewar thromboembolic. Ana iya lura da shi tare da ci gaban farkon jijiyoyin jini na kafaji, tare da polycythemia, a cikin ƙarshen sutturar ƙarshe na ciki.
    • Bugu da kari, canje-canje a cikin yanayin janar za a iya maye gurbinsu. Irin waɗannan gunaguni ana magana da su sau da yawa ga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, wanda ke tsara saitin gwaje-gwaje, gami da nazarin IPT. Damuwa game da zazzabin cizon sauro, rauni, ciwon kai a kai a kai, tsananin farin ciki, rage yawan aiki, gurguwar aiki.
    • Koyaya, irin wannan yanayin na iya faruwa ba tare da waɗannan abubuwan jin daɗi ba. Sau da yawa gano ɓacewa yakan faru ne kwatsam, idan aka ziyarci likita a ƙarar cutar cuta daban.
    • Yin amfani da magungunan anticoagulants - masu tunani a jini, yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka ma'aunin prothrombin. Suna taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaituwa tsakanin tsarin coagulation na jini da kuma maganin shaƙa. Inganci a wannan yanayin zai zama maganin gargajiya. Abubuwan ado zasu taimaka wannan gwagwarmaya tare da jini "mai kauri".

    Don haɓakawa, tuntuɓi ta e-mail:

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    Nufin abu mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da hanyar haɗi mai aiki zuwa shafin.

    Gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na jini shine bincike mai mahimmanci wanda yake taimakawa ƙayyade dalilin cututtukan da yawa. Zai taimaka wajen hana thrombosis ko zub da jini a cikin lokaci.

    PTI (bayanan prothrombin) - menene? A lokacin yin bincike, gwajin jini zai iya tantance tsawon lokacin da takamaiman aikin plasma mutum zai yi amfani da shi kuma a gwada kimar ta da ka'idodi. Rashin wannan bambanci an canza shi zuwa kashi . Ka'ida ta halatta a cikin jini shine 78-142%, ƙirar prothrombin bisa ga Saurin sauri - 95-105%.

    Prothrombin wani sinadari ne wanda yake kan gaba da thrombin. Kuma thrombin, bi da bi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin thrombosis. An samarda Prothrombin a cikin hanta. Vitamin K yana bada gudummawa a wannan .. Idan bitamin K bai isa ba, ana iya haifar da zub da jini sakamakon raguwar adadin kwayoyin prothrombin.

    Yaushe bincike yake

    Wajibi ne a lamurran da ke tafe:

    • a jira na aiki,
    • don marasa lafiya waɗanda ke amfani da maganin ƙwarin jini don hana ƙwayoyin cuta,
    • yayin daukar ciki
    • coagulation marasa lafiya da varicose veins,
    • a cikin mutanen da ke fama da rikice-rikice na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini,
    • tare da rashi na bitamin K,
    • tare da cirrhosis na hanta.

    Masu wannan ƙwararrun masu zuwa na iya sanya irin wannan bincike:

    

    Bayyana sakamakon

    Dalilai na karancin kudi:

    • Rashin bitamin K
    • Cutar hanta.
    • Kashi.

    Karuwar kashi saboda:

    

    • Matsalar coagulation na ciki.
    • Rashin bitamin K
    • Heparin.
    • Oncological cututtuka.
    • Yin amfani da rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta-bakan.

    Al'ada a cikin mata masu juna biyu

    Kundin bayanan prothrombin yayin daukar ciki yana zuwa mai nuna 90-120%. Wannan na iya zama sakamakon canje-canje na hormonal a jikin mace mai juna biyu.

    Yin nazarin IPT, musamman yayin daukar ciki, yana da mahimmanci biyu zuwa sau hudu. Babban girmamawa a kan shi ya kamata a yi a ƙarshen sashin ƙarshe, saboda kafin haihuwar akwai ƙarancin lokaci da ya rage kuma ya wajaba a bincika yanayin.

    Lokacin da kashi ya kai zuwa 150, zai iya zama barazanar keɓance mahaifa. Lokacin da ragi ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 90%, ana iya sa ran zazzabin zubar jinni ya kasance a lokacin ko bayan haihuwa.

    Idan mace mai ciki tana nuna rashin jin daɗin cutar a cikin yawan kashi, kar ku watsar da kulawar haƙuri a asibitin haihuwa. Yana da mahimmanci ga mahaifiyar mai tsammani ta kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararru.

    Manuniya masu sauri

    Ana yin bincike mai sauri don ƙarin nazarin ƙwayar ƙwayar hanji, kazalika da hanta.

    An gudanar da bincike mai sauri a cikin halaye masu zuwa:

    1. Lokacin da coagulation ta karye.
    2. Akwai cututtukan da suka shafi hanta.
    3. Akwai aiwatar da ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta na jini (thrombosis).
    4. Tare da wata cuta kamar cutar sankara.
    5. A yanayin rashin ƙarancin Vitamin K

    Abin da iyakokin da aka yarda:

    

    • Har zuwa shekaru 6 - 80-100.
    • Daga 6 zuwa 12 - 79-102.
    • Daga 12 zuwa 18 - 78-110.
    • Daga 18 zuwa 25 - 82-115.
    • Daga 25 zuwa 45 - 78-135.
    • Daga 45 zuwa 65 - 78-142.

    Ka'ida ga mata da kuma al'ada ga maza suna daidai iri ɗaya komai shekarunta.

    Lokaci na prothrombin alama ce da ke nuna jinkirin da plasma ya yi coagula bayan ƙara madaidaicin cakuda a ciki.

    • A cikin yara, musamman jarirai, wannan adadi shine 14-18 seconds.
    • Ga tsofaffi, adadin al'ada shine 10-15. Mafi kyawun darajar lokacin prothrombin yana daga 9-12 seconds.

    INR - dabi'ar daidaitattun ƙasashe

    INR hanya ce ta musamman wacce ake amfani da ita don sarrafa sakamako na ƙarshe na gwajin prothrombin. Amfani da wannan hanyar yana da karfi sosai shawarar wakilai na kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya.

    Godiya ga sakamakon da kwararrun suka samu bayan wannan binciken, zai iya waƙa da yadda tasirin magani yake tare da wakilai masu haɓaka.

    • shine 0.85-1.15.
    • Idan muna magana ne game da magani ko rigakafin ƙwayar jijiyoyin ƙwayar cuta, cututtukan huhun zuciya ko nakasa ƙwayoyin zuciya, to, ƙimar INR na iya kaiwa ga 3.0.

    Abin da za a yi tare da hauhawar adadin prothrombin

    

    Yadda za a rage prothrombin? Wannan nau'in mutane yana buƙatar bin wani tsarin abinci da salon rayuwarsu.

    Kuna buƙatar cin abinci da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga bakin jini. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa akwai abinci da yawa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da zubar jini.

    Jerin kayan masarufi masu mahimmanci zuwa ƙananan matakan prothrombin:

    • Kowa ya san oatmeal. Oatmeal ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen narkewar narkewa ba, amma yana hana zubar jini. Zai fi dacewa, ya kamata ku ci wannan abincin azaman karin kumallo. Idan ana so, zaku iya ƙara porridge tare da sabbin berries.
    • Ruwan tumatir, musamman idan an shirya shi daga sabo kayan lambu akan kanku. Da yawa suna yin babban kuskure ta ƙara gishiri a cikin ruwan.
    • Beetroot shine ingantaccen kayan lambu wanda ke taimakawa ƙananan prothrombin.
    • Abin da rage cin abinci ba tare da ginger ba! Za'a iya hada shi da shayi. Tushen ɗanyen ciki yana haɓaka jinin, yana tsayayya da haɓakar jini.
    • Flaxseed oil, zaitun.
    • Kifi mai. A halin yanzu, ana iya siyanta a cikin kantin magani a cikin nau'ikan capsules. Wannan babban kamshi ne kuma babu wani zaɓi.
    • A kan aiwatar da dafa abinci, ana bada shawara don amfani da apple cider vinegar.
    • Abarba Ya isa mu ɗan ɗanɗani abinci don fara aiwatar da amfani a jiki.

    Abin da dokoki ya kamata a kiyaye a lokacin rage cin abinci:

    

    1. Sanya fifiko ga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da sabbin berries.
    2. Nama na iya kasancewa a kan tebur, amma a cikin allurai kaɗan.
    3. Nama za a iya maye gurbin nama tare da kifi.
    4. Rage amfani da yin burodi.
    5. Dafa abinci shine mafi kyau a cikin tukunyar jirgi biyu.
    6. Kuna buƙatar cin abinci sau da yawa, amma dosed.
    7. Tabbatar sha a kai a kai.

    Abin da za ku ci ku sha an haramta:

    • Nama na ban sha.
    • M, miyar miya.
    • Abincin gwangwani.
    • Giya na sha.

    Rage prothrombin

    Idan an rage jigidar prothrombin, wannan na iya nuna wuce haddi mai yawa na furotin prothrombin. Za'a iya lura da raguwa a cikin mata masu juna biyu, a cikin marasa lafiya tare da polycythemia (wannan yana ƙaruwa da danko na jini), marasa lafiya da thrombosis venous.

    Decreasearin raguwa a cikin mai nuna alama na iya siginar da waɗannan cututtuka:

    • Cututtuka na ciki.
    • Dysbacteriosis
    • Rashin Prothrombin.
    • Hypovitaminosis.
    • Oncological cututtuka.
    • Rashin lafiyar jiki.

    Mafi sau da yawa, raguwa a cikin wannan alamar yana faruwa ne saboda abincin kuma ana samun shi a cikin wakilan manyan rabin bil'adama. Maza ne ke yin zaɓin don son abincin nama, suna cin vegetablesan kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

    Me zai yi idan aka rage bayanan prothrombin?

    Yawancin lokaci, ƙwararrun likitoci suna ba da magani ga marassa lafiyar yin amfani da kwayoyi irin su heparin, warfarin.

    A haɗuwa tare da magani na ƙwayoyi, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan abincinku. Anan akwai samfuran samfurori waɗanda ba'a ba da shawarar amfani dasu tare da ƙananan matakan prothrombin:

    • Dabbobin dabbobi.
    • Buckwheat porridge.
    • Beets, ja kabeji, jan barkono.
    • Kayan abinci.
    • Pickles da kyafaffen.
    • Ganye.
    • Legends

    Rashin lalacewa a cikin prothrombin na iya haifar da zub da jini. Za'a iya hana su idan an hada abincin da suka dace a matsayin matakan kariya a cikin abincin ku:

    

    • Kifi da man kifi.
    • Albasa da tafarnuwa.
    • 'Ya'yan itacen Citrus, musamman lemun tsami.
    • Tushen Gindi
    • Ganyen shayi da koko.
    • Oatmeal.
    • 'Ya'yan itace, furannin itace ko ɓaure.

    Fibrinogen

    Cutar hanta. Shine ya dauki nauyin thrombosis. Binciko don ƙididdigar prothrombin da fibrinogen furotin suna bayanin hanyoyin haɗin sarkar ɗaya.

    Lokacin da aka kunna thrombin, wannan yana haifar da canji a cikin fibrinogen. Kuma shi, bi da bi, ana jujjuya shi zuwa zare - fibrin. Wadannan zaruruwa da ba za a iya raba su ba suna fitowa a cikin kamannin jini, wanda tuni ya taka rawa kai tsaye wajen toshe jirgin ruwa.

    Protein fibrinogen ya kai kololuwar sa a cikin 'yan kwanakin farko bayan bugun zuciya, bugun zuciya, kumburi da mura. Ana iya samun ƙaruwa a cikin wannan alamar a cikin masu shan sigari, mata masu juna biyu, mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan tsarin endocrine, kuma tare da tsawaita amfani da magungunan hormonal.

    An lura da raguwar furotin na fibrinogen a cikin mutane:

    • tare da hanta da cututtukan gastrointestinal,
    • karancin bitamin B12,
    • yayin daukar ciki, da guba,
    • yayin shan kwayoyin,
    • lokacin shan wani rukuni na magunguna.

    Kawai ingantaccen rigakafin kowane cuta shine ƙin halayen marasa kyau, abinci mai dacewa, ƙoshin jiki da kuma bincika lokaci.

    Yadda za a shirya don bincike:

    Don ware abubuwan da zasu iya shafar sakamakon binciken, ya zama dole a bi ka'idodin horo na gaba:

    • kawai an sami komai cikin ciki don bincike!
    • kafin gudummawar jini venous jini, zai fi dacewa mintina 15 da hutawa,
    • Awanni 12 kafin binciken yakamata a cire yawan shan barasa, shan sigari, cin abinci, iyakance aikin jiki,
    • ware magani. Idan ba zai yuwu a daina shan magani ba, dole ne a sanar da dakin binciken game da shi,
    • yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5, kafin bayar da gudummawar jini, tabbatar da cewa an sha ruwan da aka dafa (a cikin rabo, har zuwa 150-200 ml, tsawon minti 30)

    Prothrombin (PT) a tsarinsa wani hadadden furotin ne wanda yake jikin mutum. A cikin aikin asibiti, ana amfani dashi don nazarin lokacin coagulation na jini. Wannan furotin wani bangare ne na cikakken nazarin hanyoyin hadin gwiwar jini, wanda ake kira, bi da bi, coagulogram. Baya ga tantance wannan furotin, ya hada da (PV), (PI) da (INR).

    Mafi shahararren hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen bayyana furotin da ake bayarwa shine ake kira Quick Prothrombin (PC). An ambaci sunan ne bayan masanin kimiyya A. Kvik, wanda ya gabatar da wata dabara ta nazarin matakin PT a cikin jini a shekarar 1935. Zuwa yau, Hanyar Hanzari ta zama sananne sosai kuma ana amfani dashi sosai wajen sauya mai rubutun hoto. Ainihin ta, wannan dabarar tana kunshe ne da kwatankwacin coagulogram na mara lafiya tare da kimanta darajar plasma na al'ada. An bayyana sakamakon PC a matsayin kashi.

    Yayi ƙanƙanta a PC lokacin da mai nuna alama yana ƙasa da kashi 78, yana ƙaruwa idan mai nuna alama ya wuce kashi 142.
    

    Ana amfani da gwajin PC sosai ba kawai a cikin coagulology ba don ƙayyade ayyukan abubuwan coagulation, har ma don nazarin ikon aiki na hanta, ciki da tsarin hanji. Yana da kyau a sani cewa ana amfani da ma'aunin PV da prothrombin coagulation index (PI) ba sau da yawa akai-akai, tunda ƙididdigar su ƙanana ne - bayanan da aka samu a cikin ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban.

    Ana ba da alamun bayanai don bincike akan PC a cikin mutane:

    • da ake zargi da rikice-rikice a cikin ayyukan coagulation jini,
    • don magance rashin hankali yayin shan magungunan anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin),
    • ƙara hadarin rashin ƙarfi a cikin hanta,
    • antiphospholipid syndrome,
    • don rikicewar yanayi wanda yanayin metabolism na bitamin K yana ƙasa da al'ada ko karuwa.

    Don bincike, ana ɗaukar ƙaramin jini mai ɓacin rai. Kafin gwajin, an bada shawarar kada ku ci abinci aƙalla sa'o'i shida kafin gwajin. Kwana kafin gwajin, yakamata ka iyakance yawan abinci mai kitse da soyayyen abinci. Mutanen da ke shan maganin antagonists na bitamin K (a kai a kai warfarin) suna fada cikin rukuni na musamman don shiri don bincike. Yakamata su dauki matakin maganin na yau da sati 16-0 kwana daya kafin gwajin.

    Ya kamata a sani cewa kasancewar fibrin ko myeloma sunadarai a cikin jiki na iya shafar sakamakon binciken.

    Rage sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da kuma yin nunin madaidaiciyar jiyya ya kamata likita kawai ya yi shi. Zai iya kimanta duk bayanan bayanan coagulogram tare da tantance hadarin da tsananin cutar ke ci gaba.

    Menene sakamakon bincike akan PC? Decryption na binciken

    Idan prothrombin bisa ga Quick yana ƙaruwa sosai (da muhimmanci sosai sama da kashi 150%), to za a iya ɗauka cututtukan masu zuwa:

    • rashin haihuwa na wasu dalilai na coagulation,
    • rashin coagulation dalilai, amma riga samu a cikin mahallin wasu cututtukan hanta, amyloidosis, nephrotic syndrome, kasancewar autoantibodies to abubuwan coagulation,
    • raguwa a cikin matakin ayyukan bitamin K saboda cholestasis (da wasu cututtuka),
    • yaduwar cutar kansa ta cikin mahaifa (DIC)
    • amfani da kwayoyi, gami da magungunan anticoagulants na kaikaice, hanawar coagulation (heparin, warfarin), magungunan anabolic, maganin rigakafi, acid na acetylsalicylic, laxatives, methotrexate, nicotinic acid, diuretics,
    • cututtukan fibrin.

    Idan aka saukar da shafin sauri, likita zai iya yin binciken da ke gaba:

    • thrombosis (toshewar hanyoyin jijiyoyi)
    • polycythemia (zubar jini mai yawa, hauhawar jini),
    • lalacewar nama da ke haifar da shigowar thromboplastin cikin tasoshin jini,
    • ciki da kuma bayan haihuwa,
    • amfani da wasu kwayoyi (na hana haihuwa, mercaptopurine).

    Nazarin PC a cikin mata yayin daukar ciki

    An wajabta gwaji don coagulation yayin daukar ciki ga mata a matsayin bincike mai mahimmanci, wanda shine ɓangare na coagulogram tare da ƙirar coagulation. Gudanar da binciken don ƙididdigar coagulation da PC zai ba da izinin likita don duba lafiyar gaba ɗaya kuma yana hana yawancin haɗari masu haɗari.

    Yana da kyau a lura cewa a cikin mata yayin daukar ciki, ana rage yawan ƙa'idodin PC saboda ƙayyadaddun haɓaka da kuma sabon haɓakar zagayen jini daga uwa zuwa yaro. Hakanan, matakin da yake sama da yanayin yana taimakawa mace ta shirya tsawan zubar jini yayin haihuwa.

    Idan PC ya yi sama yayin daukar ciki, zai iya haifar da zub da jini mai yawa yayin haihuwa, gami da zubar jini a ciki. Rashin kulawa da daidaitaccen bayanan sauri zai iya haifar da girgiza haemolytic. Yawan mace-macen mata yayin haihuwa daga wannan cutar ya fi ta wani dalili.
    

    Manuniya da ke ƙasa da ƙa'idar al'ada shine dalilin sanya coagulants.

    Rage-zage a cikin PC yayin daukar ciki na fuskantar barazanar mace da ta haila, toshewar hanyoyin jini da wasu matsaloli masu dangantaka da juna.A irin waɗannan yanayi, likitoci sukan ba da maganin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta - ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (warfarin).

    Jini - wani hadadden abu wanda ya kunshi bangare na ruwa (plasma) da sel, suna yin ayyuka da yawa a jiki. Kula da wannan tsarin a cikin daidaito shi ne aiki na farko, kamar yadda in ba haka ba za a sami cikas ga ayyukan dukkan gabobin.

    Muhimmin halayyar jini - yawanta a koda yaushe. Ga maza, lita 5, na mata - 4 lita. Tare da raunin da ya faru, har ma da ƙananan ƙanana, asara mai sauri na wannan ƙimar zai yiwu, wanda tsarin coagulation ya yi yaƙi. Bari muyi magana game da alamun karfin jini don yaduwa - ma'aunin prothrombin.

    Muhimmancin hadadden tsarin prothrombin

    Rashin kyau na wannan dalilin na iya zama duka na cikin gida ne da kuma ilimin aikin tsari. Rashin daidaituwa na prothrombin ba ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, shine, ya kasance ne a cikin sanadin cutar sankara. Proarancin prothrombin daga haihuwa yana faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi da ke tattare da kwayoyin halittar dake kan kwaro 11.

    Tare da hypoproteinemia na kowane asali, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana rage matakan wannan furotin. Cutar cututtukan hanta da aka samu (hepatocytes sune wurin da aka kirkiro manyan abubuwan rikice-rikice na prothrombin) da kuma rashi na bitamin K (Vitamin K ya shiga cikin ayyukan FII da sauran abubuwan da ake kira K-depend) suna bayar da raguwa sosai a cikin wannan nuni.

    Rage abun ciki na prothrombin zai dauki lokaci mai tsayi kafin ya iya yaduwa . Don sanin yadda tsarin coagulation ke aiki gwargwadon matakin prothrombin, ana amfani da gwajin coagulation a cikin binciken ɗakunan bincike na asibiti, wanda ke ba ku damar samun ra'ayi game da yanayin maɓallin prothrombin gaba ɗayan:

    • PTI (ƙirar prothrombin, kashi),
    • PO (rabo na prothrombin, ragin PTI, a cikin kashi),
    • PTV (lokacin prothrombin, a cikin sakanni),
    • Prothrombin bisa ga Saurin (bincike mai mahimmanci fiye da PTI da PTV, cikin kashi),
    • INR (matsakaicin daidaitaccen kasa da kasa, kashi).

    Yawan wuce haddi na prothrombin ba tare da wani buƙatar hakan ba kuma an cika shi da matsaloli iri-iri, kuma, wani lokacin, masifa ga jiki. Coara yawan haɗuwa, ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya rufe jigon jini, na iya zama yanayi mai haɗari, har ma da m.

    Gwajin baka da cikakken bincike

    Binciken coagulation na jini, a matsayinka na mai mulki, yana farawa da hanyoyi masu kusanci waɗanda ke ba da damar gano ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayar cuta (prothrombin) ba tare da bayyana ainihinta ba. Bayan haka, dangane da sakamakon bincike game da karfin coagulation na jini, an tsara wasu (ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun hanyoyi) (PTV, INR, APTT da sauran alamomin hemostasiogram).

    

    Dangane da gwajin prothrombin, bangare ne mai mahimmanci kuma ana iya gabatar dashi ta fuskoki daban-daban. Rashin abubuwan da ke tattare da hadaddun tsarin prothrombin (II, V, VII, X) an ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar nazarin PTV bisa ga Saurin, wanda da farko yana nuna cin zarafi game da samuwar thromboplastin. Koyaya, wani binciken daban na waɗannan alamomin akan mahimmancin samfuran maye yana yiwuwa.

    A halin yanzu, mutum ba zai iya yin watsi da alamomin ikon cakuɗa jini a cikin mata ba yayin tsarawa ko farawar ciki, saboda wannan yana ba ku damar lissafin haɗarin da za a iya samu yayin haihuwa. Yin la'akari da bayanan alamun yayin daukar ciki, yana yiwuwa a hango gaba da kuma hana zub da jini (idan PTV ta tsawanta) ko haɓakar thrombosis da kuma ɓacewar mahaifa, idan jinin ya nuna babban halin haɗuwa. A lokacin isarwa, lokacin prothrombin an ɗan gajarta idan aka kwatanta da na yau da kullun, kuma adadin prothrombin yana ƙaruwa. A cikin mata yayin daukar ciki da haihuwa, nazarin aikin coagulation na jini bawai kawai alamu ne na hadaddun kwayoyin prothrombin ba. Don samun cikakken hoto na ikon aikin hemostatic, an sanya uwayen masu gwaji matsakaicun alamomin coagulogram. .

    Lokacin Prothrombin

    

    Lokaci na prothrombin, kamar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ya ba da izinin likitoci suyi kimantawa da sauri ba kawai tsarin hemostasis na waje ba, amma dukkanin abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen coagulation na jini.

    A cikin yanayi na gaggawa na jiki (raunin da ya faru tare da lalacewar nama, zubar jini mai yawa, necrosis da sauran yanayi), glycoprotein ya shiga cikin jini, furotin membrane - thromboplastin tissue, wanda ke nuna haɗuwa da tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta (waje).

    Tissue (salula) thromboplastin, wanda ake kira factor factor (TF), hulɗa tare da abubuwan coagulation (FVII) suna kewaya cikin jini, jerin sun haɗa da wasu abubuwan plasma thromboplastic. Wannan yana nufin cewa an kunna tsarin haemocoagulation kuma kashi na farko na coagulation ya fara - juyar da prothrombin mara aiki zuwa ga thrombin mai aiki. Thrombin yana haifar da juyawar enzymatic na fibrinogen zuwa fibrin, abubuwan (V, VIII, IX, XIII) suna aiki a ƙarƙashin tasirin sa, yana lalata platelet, wanda ke haifar (tare da Ca ++) viscous metamorphosis na platelet na jini, yana ba da gudummawa ga sakin abubuwan platelet.

    Ka'idar PTV a cikin manya sunsha daga 11-15 seconds (a cikin jarirai har zuwa kwanaki 3-4 na rayuwa - 12-18, a cikin jarirai masu shekaru - 15-20). A cikin jarirai masu cikakken haihuwa daga kwanaki 4-5 na rayuwa, lokacin prothrombin yayi daidai da na saurayi.

    Wannan mai nuna alama yana ƙaruwa (lokacin coagulation yana tsawaita) a cikin yanayin halaye masu zuwa:

    1. Cutar cututtukan hanta, saboda akwai haɗin prothrombin,
    2. Rashin bitamin K, rashi wanda ya zama dole don hadarin abubuwan da K-dogara (prothrombin shima nasa ne),
    3. Karin girma, tarewa thrombin da sauran dalilan tsarin hawan jini,
    4. Abilityãra jini fibrinolytic ikon (rushe clots),
    5. Ciwon daji na kansa
    6. Raba kuɗin ilimin cututtukan jini na jini (myeloid metaplasia),
    7. Grbn (cutar basur da jariri),
    8. Babban matakan sel jini (sama da 6.0 x 10 12 / L),

    Duk jini da aka ɗauka tare da maganin anticoagulant (sodium citrate) yana aiki azaman kayan nazarin halittu don nazarin lokacin prothrombin ta amfani da hanyar Quik single-mataki (wanda ake kira bincike).

    PTV, Gwajin sauri ko lokacin thromboplastin - mai nuna alama na tsarin kunnawa na waje na factor II, inda lokacin prothrombin ya dogara da maida hankali ne akan fibrinogen a cikin jini, dalilai V, VII, X. An ƙaddara matsayin PTV (Gwajin sauri) aikin thromboplastin kuma shine 12-20 seconds.

    Hadin kai da gwagwarmaya na masu adawa

    Rashin lalacewa a cikin tsarin hemostatic yana haifar da ci gaba na coagulopathies, inda ilimin, wanda yake da alaƙa ga thrombosis, yawanci ana nuna shi ta hanyar kalmar, kuma cututtukan da ke haɗuwa tare da ƙarin zubar jini yana kiranta "basur na huɗun jini." Lationetare ikon coagulation na jini na iya zama gado ko tushe daga yanayin da aka kirkiro yayin rayuwa (cututtukan hanta parenchyma, rashi na bitamin-K, maganin anticoagulants don dalilai na warkewa, kunna tsarin fibrinolytic).

    

    Ci gaban cututtukan haemocoagulation shine lalacewa ta hanyar asara (ko raguwa) a cikin ikon ƙwayoyin hanta zuwa biosynthesis na abubuwan coagulation. Haka kuma, ya kamata a lura da cewa abubuwan coagulation, anticoagulation da fibrinolysis tsarin ba su kasance cikin warewa, lalacewar ayyukan kowane hanyar haɗin kai yana haifar da yanayin cututtukan sauran abubuwan. Misali:

    • Rashin ƙayyadaddun biosynthesis na furotin da muke la'akari da shi - prothrombin, tabbas zai haifar da ƙetarewar samar da wasu abubuwan (VII, IX, X) da rashi na dukkan abubuwan haɗin prothrombin, wanda hakan zai haifar da raguwa a cikin ayyukan FV, karuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin fibrin monomers, raguwa a cikin FXIII aiki da karuwa a cikin ƙarfin ikon lysis.
    • Rashin metabolism na fibrinogen zai haifar da canji a cikin tsarin tsarin profibrin Layer na tasoshin jini, buɗe hanya don motsi da ƙwayoyin jan jini ta bangon jijiyoyin jiki.

    Haɗin abubuwan da suke kamar gaba ɗaya na abubuwan da ke sama ne (yana aiki ne da yanayin aikinsu) yana tabbatar da yanayin jinin da yake gudana, yana gudana cikin yardar jini a duk sassan jijiyoyin jikin, da coagulation, idan ya zama dole don facin gibin da aka haifar sakamakon lalacewar nama.

    Ana iya fadada bincike ...

    Idan hanyoyin da aka bayyana ba su da cikakkun bayanan bayanan, ana iya fadada nazarin hemostatic, alal misali, ta hanyar nazarin ayyukan mutum da ƙimomin ɗalibai na abubuwan platelet da abubuwan plasma. Gwajin prothrombin yana ba da tushen binciken don rikice-rikice iri-iri na haemocoagulation, yana ba da shawarar shugabanci na ƙarin bincike. Har zuwa karshen wannan, komawa zuwa ga tabbatar da sauran sigogi na hemostasiogram:

    Adadin canji na fibrinogen zuwa fibrin (lokacin thrombin),

    Yaushe ne rubutaccen gwajin prothrombin?

    Udurin daidaituwa na jini yana da mahimmancin ganewar asali. Babban burin shine a tantance yiwuwar babban zub da jini ko ƙwanƙwasa jini. An yi lissafin prothrombin gwargwadon sauri, ma'aunin PTI, lokacin prothrombin da prothrombin bisa ga INR ana yin su ne a cikin halaye masu zuwa:

    • An shirya mai haƙuri don tiyata.
    • Ciki
    • Zina (musamman maimaituwa).
    • Kwayar cuta ta varicose, thrombosis, cututtukan hanji.
    • Cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
    • Kula da ƙididdigar jini yayin shan magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
    • Cutar cutar hanta.
    • Yawan haila a cikin mata.
    • Halin mai haƙuri na hanci, ƙarancin jini tare da ƙananan tarkace, gumis na jini.
    • Samuwar manyan hematomas da bruises, koda da ƙananan rauni da ƙananan raunin da ya faru da rauni.

    A ka’ida, duk wata tuhuma game da rikicewar zubar jini wata alama ce ta lissafin lissafin prothrombin da sauran sigogin prothrombin. Sabili da haka, irin wannan bincike don dalilai na ganewar asali ana iya tsara shi ta hanyar likitancin zuciya, likitan kwalliya ko likitan likitancin don ganewar cutar gaggawa, haka kuma likita daga asibitin dabbobi don lura da matakin prothrombin yayin daukar ciki.

    

    Yaya ake yin binciken?

    Don bincike, ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya. An sanya jini a cikin bututun gwaji tare da sodium citrate, an sanya shi a cikin rotor na centrifuge na likita, inda ruwan yake da rabuwa da ƙwayoyin jini yayin juyawa.

    Ya kamata a gudanar da gwajin jini a cikin komai a ciki - musamman ma, abincin da ya gabata shine sa'o'i 12 kafin ɗaukar kayan tarihin (amma ba sa wuce sa'o'i 15). A gabanin binciken, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya guji amfani da kayan yaji da abinci mai ɗaci don guje wa gurbata sakamakon. Iri ɗaya ne ga barasa. Yakamata mai haƙuri ya gudanar da binciken cikin kwanciyar hankali - ba tare da motsa jiki ba da damuwa. Kada ku sha kofi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, Coca-Cola, barasa ko hayaki kafin bincike.

    Babban tasiri akan sakamakon binciken shine magungunan da mai haƙuri ke ɗauka. Idan za ta yiwu, 'yan kwanaki kafin a ci jini, ya kamata ka katse hanyar yin magani. Idan irin wannan hutu ba zai yiwu ba, to, sanar da likitanka.

    Me yasa prothrombin yake tashi?

    Lokacin da aka inganta prothrombin, jini zai zama mai kauri, wanda zai rage saurin shiga ta cikin jijiyoyin jini. Bloodarancin jini yana ƙara haɗarin haɗarin jini, wanda zai iya rufe jigilar jini. Wannan mummunan yanayi ne mai haɗari wanda zai iya haifar da bugun jini ko bugun zuciya tare da sakamako mai kisa, don haka ya kamata a fara magani nan da nan.

    Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga karuwa a cikin prothrombin bisa ga Quick:

    • Fiye da bitamin K a cikin jiki - tare da cin abincinsa na dogon lokaci, tare da cin abinci mai yawa na hanta alade, ƙwai na kaza, alayyafo, ganye, koren shayi.
    • Yin amfani da magungunan rigakafi na tsawon lokaci, magungunan asfirin da yawa, magungunan shaye-shaye, maganin rashin amfani da jini, amfanin barbiturates, corticosteroids, heparin, acid nicotinic, magungunan hana haihuwa.
    • Yin ciki - a cikin watanni uku, ana buƙatar nazarin prothrombin.
    • Cutar hanta.
    • Dalilin gado shine cuta ta rashin jini.
    • Juyin jini, vasculitis, thromboembolism.
    • DIC-syndrome - yaduwar ƙwayar intravascular intaguvascular.
    • Dalilin tsufa, Prothrombin, a cewar Quick, ya tashi bayan shekaru 45 a cikin maza da mata.

    Abinda yakamata ayi

    Don rage prothrombin a cikin jini, mai haƙuri yakamata ya daidaita salon rayuwarsa kuma ya bi abinci na musamman. Kuna buƙatar tsayar da abincin ku tare da abinci wanda ke taimakawa ga ragewar jini. Bari mu lissafta su: beets, man kifi, ruwan tumatir, oatmeal, sabo ne berries, ginger, man zaitun, apple cider vinegar, abarba, ababen teku. Oatmeal, stew kayan lambu da abincin teku sune ainihin abincin abincinku. Sha yalwar ruwan da aka matse sosai da aƙalla lita 1.5 na ruwa kowace rana.

    Hakanan akwai haramtattun abinci a cikin abincin: yakamata ku cire kayan shan sigari, mai kitse da kayan yaji, abincin gwangwani, barasa daga abincin, da iyakance amfani da kayan gasa, ganyaye, da kuma ƙarancin duk yadda ya kamata. An yarda da naman, amma kawai a cikin tafasasshen dafaffen (ba soya!), Zai fi kyau maye gurbin abincin nama tare da kifi - yana da shawarar dafa su steamed.

    Kar a wuce gona da iri. Zai fi kyau ƙara wani abincin a cikin abincinku, amma rage rabo. Kada ku ci har da dare - yana da lahani har ma da lafiyar mutane gaba ɗaya.

    Ya kamata a yi motsa jiki, amma na yau da kullun. Guji yawan aiki, a wannan yanayin nauyin a zuciya da jijiyoyin jini suna ƙaruwa. Balaguro maraice mara mara nauyi a cikin sabo shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.

    Tare da haɓaka prothrombin da kowace matsala game da coagulation na jini a cikin mata, kwayoyin hana daukar ciki suna daina aiki kullum. Shan wasu magungunan da aka sha akai akai yakamata a tattauna tare da likitan ku.