Ayyukan glucreatic glucagon, hanyar aiwatarwa, umarnin don amfani

Ciwon ciki. Hanyar aiwatar da aikin glucagon shine saboda ɗaure shi zuwa takamaiman masu karɓa na ƙwayoyin hanta, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin ayyukan adenylate na G-protein wanda ke haifar da ƙari da haɓaka samuwar cAMP. Wannan yana haɓaka catabolism na glycogen da aka adana kuma yana kunna gluconeogenesis da ketogenesis. Glucagon ba shi da tasiri a cikin ƙwayar tsoka, a fili saboda rashin masu karɓar glucagon a cikinsu. A cikin allurai masu aiki da ƙwayoyin cuta, glucagon yana haifar da haɓaka ƙwayar insulin daga ƙwayoyin panc-lafiyayyen ƙwayar cuta.

Glucagon yana da tasiri daban-daban kuma na chronotropic akan zuciya saboda karuwa a cikin samuwar cAMP (i.e., yana haifar da sakamako mai kama da on-adrenoreceptor agonists, amma ba tare da saka hannursu ba).

A cikin manyan allurai, glucagon yana haifar da matsanancin shakatawa na hanji wanda ba ayi sulhu da shi ba daga adenylate cyclase.

Abin da ke haifar da wuce haddi da rashin hormone a cikin jiki?

Mafi mahimmancin tasirin hormone shine karuwa a yawan adadin glucose da mai mai. Don mafi kyawu ko mafi muni, ya dogara da adadin glucagon da aka kera.

A gaban karkacewa, ana fara samar da shi da yawa - wanda hakan yana da ha ari ga ci gaban rikitarwa. Amma ƙarancin abun ciki, wanda rashin aiki a cikin jiki, ke haifar da sakamako masu illa.

Yawan samar da wannan kwayar halitta yana haifar da rikicewar jiki tare da kitsen mai da sukari. In ba haka ba, ana kiran wannan sabon abu hyperglycemia. Singleaya daga cikin shari'ar abin da ya faru ba mai haɗari ba ne, amma tsari na hauhawar yanayi yana haifar da ci gaban rikicewa. Zai iya kasancewa tare da tachycardia da ci gaba da hauhawar jini, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar jini da cututtukan zuciya.

Jin motsi na jini ta cikin tasoshin na iya haifar da tsufa, haifar da cutar jijiyoyin jiki.

Tare da ɗan ƙaramin adadin wannan hormone, jikin mutum yana fuskantar rashin glucose, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar jini. Wannan halin shima yana cikin haɗari da cuta, saboda yana iya haifar da yawancin alamomin da ba su da kyau.

Wadannan sun hada da:

• tashin zuciya
• tsananin farin ciki
• rawar jiki
• karancin aiki
• rauni
• hankali
• katsewa.

A cikin lokuta masu tsauri, mai haƙuri na iya mutuwa.

Abubuwan bidiyo akan tasirin glucagon akan nauyin mutum:

Dangane da wannan, zamu iya faɗi hakan, duk da yawancin fasalulluka masu amfani, abubuwan glucagon a cikin jiki bai kamata ya wuce yadda aka saba ba.

Glucagon hormone: inda aka samar da shi, ayyuka da kuma tsarin aikin

Kwayoyin halittar da mutum ya samar yana da tasirin gaske a kan ingancin rayuwa da kuma tsarin rayuwa a jiki. Kowa ya ji insulin, amma mutane ƙalilan ne kawai suka san tasirinsa yana da alaƙa da aikin wani hormone - glucagon. Don fahimtar mahimmancin sa, kuna buƙatar la'akari da kowane ɓangaren batun.

Jikin dan adam wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda dole ne yayi aiki yadda yakamata, ba tare da gazawa ba, domin mu sami nutsuwa. Cutar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine ɗayan mahimman sassan jikin mutum waɗanda ke shiga cikin hanyoyin aiwatar da rayuwa na rayuwa. Yana da godiya ga aikin wannan glandon da ake sarrafa kayan abinci a cikin waɗancan mahallin da ƙwayoyin jikin ke sha. Wannan na faruwa ne da taimakon kwayoyin halittun da ke yaduwa a cikin koda.

Babban kwayoyin cututtukan farji:

1. Insulin, wanda ke da alhakin sukarin jini.
2. Kwayar halittar glucagon ce, wacce ke da tasirin insulin.
3. Somatostatin yana yin aikin taɓarɓare abubuwa da yawa na abubuwa masu motsa jiki.
4. Pancreatic polypeptide wanda ke sarrafa tsarin narkewa.

Ayyukan glucagon na hormone suna da alaƙa da aikin insulin. Da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ba sa la'akari da su daban, ko da yake cikin tattaunawa game da matakan sukari na jini muna yawanci amfani da insulin.

A cikin aikin likita, ana kiran wannan hormone "hormone abinci." Bayan sanin inda aka samar da glucagon, masana kimiyya suka ci gaba da nazarin yadda tsarin yake. Yayinda ya juya, duk da mahimmancin jikin mutum, tsarin glucagon yana da sauƙi: ya ƙunshi amino acid 29 kaɗai.

An tabbatar da cewa tsarin glucagon hormone shine iri daya ga mutane, shanu, aladu da bera. Magungunan ilimin zamani suna amfani da ƙwayar aladu ko bijimin don asarar abu mai mahimmanci, wanda aka haɗa shi da magunguna.

Duk da karancin martabarsa, wannan kwayoyin yana aiwatar da aiwatar da mahimman matakai don rayuwar dan adam. Sau ɗaya cikin jini, ƙwayar jijiyar abinci tana motsawa zuwa hanta, inda yake hulɗa tare da masu karɓar ƙwayoyinta kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga samar da glucose, wanda shima ya shiga cikin jini. Glucagon yana ba ku damar kula da shi a matakin karko da ake buƙata.

Sauran ayyukan glucagon hormone:

1. Stimulates da haɓaka haɓakar jini na jini.
2. Yana ɗaukar sashi mai aiki a cikin tsarin farfadowa na sel hanta.
3. Tsarin glucagon na hormone yana kara rushewar lipids kuma yana kula da matakin cholesterol a cikin jinin mutum.
4. Yana inganta saurin cire sodium daga jiki, wanda ke inganta aikin zuciya.
5. Yana cire insulin daga sel.

Wannan hormone yana hulɗa tare da adrenaline a kowane lokaci na haɗari. Tare da haɓaka matakin adrenaline a cikin jini, matakin glucagon ya tashi sosai, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun samar da oxygen ga tsokoki.

Hakanan an tabbatar da cewa a lokacin narkewa, matakan glucagon sun ragu sosai, yayin da matakan insulin, akasin haka, suna ƙaruwa. Da zaran aiwatar da tsarin jikin mutum ya cika, matakin hormonal din ya canza akasin hakan.

Abubuwa da yawa sun shafi ingantaccen samar da glucagon hormone a jikin mutum:

1. Zuba cikin glucose na jini.
2. Levelsara matakan amino acid a cikin jini.
3. Aiki mai aiki na jiki.

Duk waɗannan ayyukan suna ba da gudummawa ga tsalle mai tsayi a cikin glucagon a cikin jini. A lokaci guda, ƙwararrun likitoci suna son raba abubuwan hormone yayin yara da manya.

1. Yara daga shekaru 4 zuwa 14. Ka'ida tana cikin kewayon daga 0 zuwa 148 pg / ml.
2. Manya (fiye da shekaru 14). An ƙayyade ka'idar ne ta hanyar iyakoki daga 20 zuwa 100 pg / ml.

Kuskurewar abubuwa daga alamu na yau da kullun na nuni da ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan yanayi na jiki.

Ana tantance matakin hormone a cikin jinin mutum ta hanyar shan jini daga jijiya gwal. Kawai kan dalilin gwajin jini ne kawai zamu iya tantance a matakin da yunwa take ciki.

Canje-canje a matakin hormonal a jikin mutum galibi yana nuna duk wani tsari wanda zai iya haifar da illa ga lafiya. Wasu daga cikinsu sun ci gaba, a kallon farko, ba a kula da su.

Don haka, haɓaka matakin glucagon hormone alama ce ga cututtukan da ke gaba:

1. Type 1 ciwon sukari.
2. Pancreatitis a cikin m nau'i.
3. Cirrhosis na hanta.
4. Ciwon mara na wucin gadi.
5. Hypoglycemia.
6. Mai tsananin damuwa ga jikin da ke tattare da tasirin rauni (aiki, ƙone, da sauransu).

Wannan kawai jerin abubuwan ne da zasu shafi karkacewar kwayar cutar yunwar daga wani matakin al'ada. Decreasearin raguwa a cikin alamar zai iya magana game da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta: cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis na kullum

Magunguna na zamani suna iya ba mutane magunguna waɗanda zasu taimaka wa tsarin halittar jikin mutum don daidaita yanayin haɓakar haɗi.Bayan gano inda aka samar da kwayar halittar glucagon, menene ayyukan da take yi, menene ya shafi kuma me yasa ya zama dole, masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar warware batun kirkirar magungunan da suka dace.

Da farko dai, ana amfani da magungunan da ke ɗauke da glucagon don sauƙaƙa abubuwan jijiyoyi, haɓaka aiki da tsarin jijiyoyin jini, har ma don maganin ciwon sukari. Abun da ke tattare da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya haɗa da wani sinadari wanda ke ɓoyewa daga cututtukan shanu da aladu (kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, tsarin kwayar ta cikin waɗannan dabbobi daidai take da mutum).

Amfani da kwayoyi waɗanda ke shafar asalin haɓakar hormonal zai yiwu ne kawai akan shawarar likita. In ba haka ba, wannan yana cike da ci gaba na sakamakon sakamako wanda ba a ke so.

Dangane da bincike, an tsara kwayoyi masu ɗauke da glucagon dabba a cikin halaye masu zuwa:

1. Don sakamakon shakatawa tsokoki na ciki da na hanji.
2. Gudanar da farjin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da matsalar rashin hankalin.
3. Ciwon sukari (mellitus), a wasu yanayi, masu cutar siga 2.
4. Cutar da spasms tare da diverticulosis na hanji.
5. Kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan gwaje-gwaje na jikin mutum.

Irin waɗannan kwayoyi ya kamata su daidaita matakin glucose a cikin jinin mutum, a wasu halaye, ba a buƙatar ƙarin amfani da insulin.

Irin wannan magani na hormonal yana samuwa ta hanyar samar da mafita don allura, wanda za'a iya gudanar dashi duka biyu, cikin intramuscularly, da kuma subcutaneously. Don amfani da gaggawa, nau'ikan biyu na farko na gwamnatin magani sun dace.

Matsakaicin da ya dace yana ƙaddara ta hanyar halartar likitan likitan mata, gwargwadon ganewar mara lafiyar, halayen mutum na jiki. Don magani da kuma shiri don gwaji, ana amfani da allurai da yawa na maganin. Likitocin sun ce a lokuta na gaggawa, cigaba na faruwa ne a cikin mintina goma.

Akwai hani akan amfani da:

1. Ciki An tabbatar da cewa ƙwayar ba ta shiga cikin katangar ƙwarya ba, wanda ke nuna cewa yana da hadari ga tayin. Koyaya, likitoci sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da kwayoyi kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
2. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ga yara waɗanda nauyinsu ba ya wuce kilo 25.
3. Kowane mutum rashin haƙuri zuwa ga kayan taimako na miyagun ƙwayoyi.

A cikin duk sauran maganganun, duk shawarwarin sun dogara ne kawai akan shawarar likita. Bayan maganin glucagon, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar lokacin dawowa: abinci tare da furotin, shayi mai dadi da kwanciyar hankali na kimanin sa'o'i 2-3.

Likitocin sun yarda cewa hanya mafi kyau don hana cuta ita ce samun kyakkyawan salon rayuwa, wanda kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye matakan hormonal din da suka wajaba. Guje wa karkatarwa da ba da daɗi ba zai yiwu ba idan kun lura da abincinku kuma ku kasance masu lura da alamun jikinku.

Glucagon hormone: wane irin nau'in hormone ne, yake aiki, inda ya ƙunshi, yadda ake samarwa

Pancreas yana yin aikin exocrine da aikin endocrine. Yankin sa na exocrine yana samar da enzymes wanda shine wani bangare na narkewar abinci kuma yana samar da abinci - narke manyan kwayoyin halitta ga kananan. Kayan aikin glandar endocrine ya ƙunshi gungun sel da aka sani da tsibiri na Langerhans. Suna ɓoye yawancin hormones a cikin jini:

Babban tushen samar da makamashi a jikin mutum shine glucose. An buƙata don aikin dukkanin gabobin. Insulin da glucagon suna riƙe da hankali a cikin jini zuwa matakin da ya fi dacewa, tunda canji a cikin adadin sa a ɗayan ko kuma hakan yana cutar da yanayin jikin. Insulin yana gina jigilar kayayyaki na musamman zuwa cikin membranes na sel na hanta, tsokoki, ƙoda, da dai sauransu, sakamakon abin da ƙwayoyin suka sha. Tare da rashin insulin, masu ciwon sukari suna haɓakawa kuma yunwar tana faruwa. Glucagon ne mai hana haihuwa-na haila. Aiki mai jituwa na hormones yana kula da ma'aunin carbohydrate.

Glucagon shine kwayoyin polypeptide wanda ke dauke da amino acid 29. Glucagon alpha an samar dashi ta sel islet. Za'a iya bambance ayyukan glucagon mai zuwa:

• yana ƙara glucose na jini (babban aikin hormone).

A cikin hanta, ana adana glucose a cikin nau'i na glycogen. Lokacin yin azumi ko tsawan aiki na jiki, glucagon yana haifar da kullun sakamako, yana ɗaure wa masu karɓa na hanta, kuma yana haifar da rushewar glycogen. Ana fitar da glucose kuma yana shiga cikin jini, yana cika bukatun makamashi na jiki.

Kula! Glucagon baya karya glycogen a cikin tsokoki, tunda babu takamaiman masu karɓa.

• yana kunna mai neoplasm na glucose a cikin hanta daga abubuwan da ba su da carbohydrate tare da rashi,
• yana hana yin amfani da glucose,
• yana inganta rushewar kitse na jikin mutum. Sabili da haka, lokacin da aka samar da glucagon, abubuwan da ke cikin kitse a cikin jini ya hauhawa,
• yana kunna samuwar sassan jikin ketone (abubuwa na musamman waɗanda, lokacin rarrabuwa, ke samar da jiki da kuzari a cikin yanayin rashi na sauran hanyoyin, i.e. lokacin da glucose ba ya nan),
• yana ƙarfafa ƙwayar insulin don hana wucewar glucose a cikin jini,
• yana haɓaka haɓakar jini ta hanyar ƙaruwa da ƙarfin bugun zuciya,
• yana tabbatar da tsira jikin mutum a cikin matsanancin yanayi ta hanyar kara yiwuwar samar da karfi a cikin jini (glucose, kitse, jikin ketone), wanda gabobin za su kama shi da amfani dashi ga aiki,

Hawan jini shima yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki a karkashin damuwa.

• adreshin catecholamines ta hanyar adrenal medulla,
• a cikin superphysiological maida hankali relaxes tsokoki na m tsoka gabobin (antispasmodic sakamako),
• aikin glucagon yana taimakawa ta hanyar adrenaline da cortisol, waɗanda kuma suna da tasirin hyperglycemic.

Jikin ɗan adam tsari ne mai haɓaka, don haka yanayi ya ɓullo da hanyoyi don kula da matakin glucagon a cikin jini a matakin da ya dace. Tushewar abubuwa don kunna sel alpha da kuma lalata glucagon sune:

• raguwa a cikin taro na glucose. Tare da tsawaita motsa jiki ko kuma yunwar, yawan kirjinta yana raguwa. Jiki yana fuskantar matsananciyar yunwa kuma yana buƙatar glucose. Glucagon ana samarwa kuma yana fitar da glucose daga ajiyar abubuwa,
• amino acid - arginine, alanine, waɗanda aka saki yayin rushewar furotin da aka karɓa tare da abinci. Yayinda ake samar da abun cikin furotin a abinci, to ana samar da karin glucagon. Saboda haka, abincin yakamata yakamata yakamata ya zama cikakkun adadin abubuwan kariya,
• ƙarancin insulin: don guje wa raguwar glucose mai yawa,
• kwayoyin halittar da kwayoyin narkewar abinci suka samar - gastrin, cholecystokinin,
• magunguna - beta-adrenostimulants.

Yana hana ɓoyewar glucagon:

• karuwa a cikin glucose, kitse mai kitse ko jikin ketone a cikin jini,
• somatostatin da aka samar a cikin sel na delta na kayan islet.

Ayyukan da suka dace na jiki suna ba da isasshen rabo na kunnawa da hana ayyukan glucagon, wanda ke kula da daidaito.

Ba a samar da glucagon hormone kawai a jikinmu ba, har ma, idan ya cancanta, ana gudanar dashi ta waje ta hanyar kwayoyi.

Akwai glucagon miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin hanyar:

• Lyophilized allurar foda. Glucagon ne kawai. Kunsassun cikin gilashin gilashin 1, 2 ko 5 ml, sauran ƙarfi yana haɗe da su,
• Foda mai bushewa wanda ya ƙunshi glucagon hydrochloride da maganin lactose / phenol tare da maganin glycerol. Akwai shi a gilashin ampoules (666,667,668,669)

Glucagon don foda na magunguna yana ware daga cututtukan shanu da aladu. Abin mamaki, tsarin halittar mutum da dabba yana da tsarin sunadarai iri daya. Wata hanyar samun kuma ita ce hanyar kirkirar kwayoyin.DNA, wanda aka ɓoye tsarin glucagon, an saka shi cikin Escherichia coli. Microorganism ya zama tushen glucagon, wanda ya hadu gaba daya a cikin tsarin amino acid din da yake tare da mutum.

Sakamakon glucagon kwayoyi na roba yana kama da sakamakon ilimin halittar jiki na hormone na endogenous:

• Yana lalata glycogen a cikin hanta zuwa glucose, wanda sannan ya shiga cikin jini. Lokacin da aka shigar da maganin a cikin jijiya, an gano matakin bayan 5 - 25, tare da intramuscular - bayan mintuna 15 - 26, tare da subcutaneous - bayan minti 30 - 45, don haka don bayyanar da sakamako, ya zama dole a jira lokaci
• Yana shakatawa da santsi mai santsi (sakamako na antispasmodic). Tare da gudanar cikin jijiyoyin jiki bayan 45-60 seconds, tare da gudanar da jijiyar ciki bayan minti 8-10,
• Theara yawan motsawa daga tsokawar zuciya.

Umarnin yin amfani da shi ya ce tasirin ba ya bunƙasa har zuwa daidai lokacin da aka tsawanta azumi, shan giya. Yawan glycogen a cikin hanta yana raguwa saboda glucagon ba zai iya yin tasirin sakamako mai hauhawar jini ba.

Tare da tsawanta yin amfani da glucagon, motsin hanji ya kankama kuma maƙarƙashiya ya haɓaka.

• hypoglycemia (digo a cikin glucose na jini) da hauhawar jini na (rashin sani wanda ya faru sakamakon raunin glucose),
• overdose na alli tashar blockers da beta-blockers,
• yayin binciken manipulations: Jarrabawar X-ray tare da barium na narkewa, jijiyoyin bugun zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, CT da tasirin maganadisu don gano zubar jini daga karamin hanji da sauran hanyoyin da ake bukatar rage karfin jijiyoyin jiki,
• gaskiya game da amfani da glucagon don farjin warkewa a cikin lura da cututtukan kwakwalwa an san su.

• hyperglycemia: lokacin da aka samar da glucagon, yawan sukarin jini yakan tashi sosai,
• rashin hankali ga naman sa da sunadaran naman alade a abinci,
• insulinoma (wani ƙari na ƙwayar islet na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta), saboda wannan na iya haifar da amsawa wanda ba a iya tsammani - hypoglycemia),
• pheochromocytoma (wani ƙari shine adrenal medulla wanda ke haifar da adrenaline mai yawa) Tunda sababi ne na glucagon, wannan na iya haifar da hyperglycemia,
• ciwon sukari mellitus (hadarin kamuwa da cutar sankara)

Kula!

• Glucagon hormone ba ya ratsa cikin tsakiyar bargon, don haka ana iya amfani dashi a cikin mata masu juna biyu. Koyaya, ba a sani ba ga takamaiman ko miyagun ƙwayoyi sun shiga cikin madarar uwar, sabili da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, ya kamata a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da taka tsantsan,
• Yana haɓaka sakamakon maganin rashin daidaituwa.

• tashin zuciya da amai
• halayen rashin lafiyan halayen
• zuciya palpitations,
• karuwa cikin karfin jini.

Ana gudanar da hormone na Glucagon ta hanyoyi da yawa, dangane da yanayin asibiti - a ƙarƙashin fata, a cikin ƙwayar tsoka ko a cikin jijiya. Dole a narke kayan bushewa a cikin abin da aka kawo ko a cikin ruwa mai tsafta don allura. Lokacin da kake amfani da glucagon, ya kamata a bincika umarnin a hankali don cika ka'idodin da kyau, shine:

• Don dakatar da hypoglycemia, ana sarrafa 1 mg intramuscularly. Ya danganta da shekaru, an ƙaddara shi a cikin adadin don amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5 0.25-0.5 mg, yara daga 5 zuwa 10 shekara - 0.5-1 mg. Yawancin lokaci, ana yin glucagon idan ba zai yiwu ba a gudanar da glucose a cikin jijiya ba. Idan matakan basu da inganci, to bayan mintuna 10 - 15 sai a maimaita allura,
• Lokacin gudanar da hanyoyin bincike don nazarin ciki ko hanji, ana gudanar da glucogon 0.5 mg a cikin ciki ko 2 mg intramuscularly,
• Lokacin da jiki na waje ya shiga cikin esophagus, 0.5 zuwa 2 MG cikin ciki.

Samun maganin glucagon hormone da kuma mahimmancin ƙwayoyi na sunan guda

• Production da gini
• Ayyukan jiki
• Hormone na al'ada
• Alamu don amfani
• Hanyoyin aikace-aikace
• Side effects
• Contraindications
• Kammalawa

Wasu mutane sunyi kuskuren yin imani da cewa glucagon enzyme ne, tunda ayyukansa suna da kusanci da narkewar narkewar abinci, amma a zahiri abu ne na dabi'ar hormonal.

Ana daukar wannan kwayar halittar insulin a cikin jikin mutum - wannan yana nufin cewa glucagon zai iya bambanta ayyukanta tare da ayyukan insulin, kodayake aikinsu bai yi ba tare da junan su ba.

An gano kwayoyin ne kasa da shekara dari da suka wuce, kusan nan da nan bayan gano insulin. Magungunan zamani suna amfani da mahimman ayyuka biyu na wannan hormone - bincike da hyperglycemic, kodayake yana da ƙarin ayyuka da yawa.

Abubuwan shine kwayoyin polypeptide wanda aka kafa daga preproglucagon. Kwayar ta samar da ita ne, bayan haka enzyme masu “yanka” preproglucagon zuwa kwayoyin glucagon.

Ana kuma kiranta hormone abinci da kyakkyawan dalili, tunda dalilai masu zuwa suna tasiri wurin haɗin sa:

• Matsayin sukari na jini - tare da raguwa da yawaitar glucose jini, siginar mai dacewa daga masu karɓa ana aikawa zuwa kwakwalwa, wanda, bi da bi, yana kunna samar da glucagon ta ƙwanƙwasa, yana ƙaruwa da yawa a cikin jini na jini sau da yawa. Wannan shine karuwa da mutum yake ji kamar yunwar.
• Concentara yawan taro na amino acid a cikin jini, arginine da alanine suna da sakamako na musamman.
• Babban aiki na jiki a iyakar iyawa yana iya tsokani saki mai aiki a cikin jini, yana ƙaruwa da hankali har sau biyar zuwa shida.

Aikin narkewar abinci ba zai yuwu ba tare da wannan hodar ba, saboda an samar da glucagon da insulin ne, sannan kuma sinadarin narkewa yana iya rushe abincin da yake haifar.

Lokacin da hormone ya shiga cikin jini, ana karbe shi ta hanyar karban hanta kuma yana aiki da fitowar glucose a cikin jini. Wannan yana kula da yawan tasirin glucose a cikin jini. Hakanan, an lura da mahimman ayyukan masu muhimmanci na glucagon:

• Kunna bakin ciki, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin yawan ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jini,
• Increara yawan zubar jini ga kodan,
• Excretion na sodium, haɓaka tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini,
• Starfafawa game da sakin insulin daga sel.

Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da glucagon ba, ba a fahimci amsawar jikin mutum a cikin yanayi mai wahala ba. Lokacin da aka saki adrenaline, glucagon nan da nan yana samar da jini tare da karuwar yawan glucose, wanda aka ɓata akan aikin tsokoki, kuma yana inganta samar da oxygen na tsokoki da kyallen takarda.

Don nau'ikan shekaru daban-daban, abubuwan da ke cikin hormone sun bambanta:

• Ka'ida a cikin yara masu shekaru 4 zuwa 14 ya zuwa picogram 148 a kowace milliliter na jini.
• A cikin manya, ka'idodin ya kasance daga picogram 20 zuwa 100 a kowace milliliter.

Decreasearin raguwar matakan hormone na iya nuna cewa babu wani enzyme da ya haɗa da haɗin glucagon. Hakanan, ana lura da irin wannan hoto tare da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata da kuma bayan cire cututtukan fata.

Matsakaicin matakan glucagon na iya nuna alamun cututtuka masu zuwa:

• Hypoglycemia,
• Ciwon sukari mellitus
• Rashin wahala
• Cirrhosis
• Ciwan huhu
• Ciwon daji na kansa
• Babban damuwa, raunin tunani,
• Zamani bayan aikin.

A cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 14, irin wannan sakamakon binciken glucagon, inda yaduwar sa a cikin plasma jini yayi daidai da sifili, kuma ana ɗaukar shi al'ada ne.

Aikin asibiti yana nuna cewa ana amfani da shirye-shiryen glucagon na roba a cikin yanayi biyu:

• Taimakawa mummunan yanayin hypoglycemic a cikin yanayin inda babu yiwuwar jiko na glucose - idan mai haƙuri yana contraindicated saboda wasu dalilai, ana zubar da digogi tare da glucagon maimakon maganin glucose.
• Shirya don nazarin ƙwayar gastrointestinal kusan ana amfani dashi koyaushe yayin bayyanar radadin cututtukan hanji.

Yayin maganin ciwon sukari, ana amfani da glucagon-like protein. Wannan fili yana kama da tsari zuwa ga hormone, amma yana ɓoye cikin hanji bayan cin abinci.Irin wannan magani yana ba da izinin gyara mai sauƙi na maida hankali kan glucose na jini, kuma a wasu yanayi har ma yana kawar da amfani da insulin.

Umarni na aiki don amfani da glucagon yana nuna ƙarin alamun da yawa don amfani da magani na hormonal:

• Hade da ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini,
• Taimakawa jijiyoyin jiki yayin m diverticulosis na ciki,
• Kwanciyar hankali da santsi na tsokoki na hanji da ciki don inganta iyarwa,
• M jiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na lura da shafi tunanin mutum da marasa lafiya,
• A matsayin abu mai taimako a cikin kayan bincike.

Za'a iya gudanar da maganin a cikin subcutaneously, na cikin hanji ko intramuscularly. Lokacin bayar da kulawa da likita na gaggawa, ana gudanar dashi ne kawai a ciki ko intramuscularly. Sashi ya dogara da shekaru da alamomi:

• Matsakaicin kashi shine 1 MG.
• Sashi a matsayin babban taimako na gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje daga 0.25 zuwa 2 MG,
• Don yara masu nauyin ƙasa da kilogiram 25 - kawai idan akwai kulawar likita ta gaggawa kuma in babu wasu hanyoyin madadin sauƙaƙa na yanayin mummunan, ana gudanar da 500 μg kuma ana lura da yanayin na mintuna talatin masu zuwa.

Kwayar halittar ba ta ƙetare katangar mahaifa ba, saboda haka ana iya amfani dashi yayin daukar ciki, amma ana iya kimanta yiwuwar amfani da shi ne ta ƙwararren likita.

Don dawo da matakin hormone a cikin hanta, bayan gudanar da maganin, an wajabta abincin carbohydrate ko glucose. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar gudanar da aikin glucose don ƙarancin warkewar glucagon.

Tare da hankalin kowane mutum, halayen rashin lafiyan a cikin nau'in urticaria, itching, redness na fata, angioedema mai yiwuwa ne. Zai yiwu raguwar hauhawar jini, musamman iyaka ta sama. A lokuta da dama, ana lura da tashin zuciya da amai.

An hana yin amfani da hormone don hypoglycemia na kullum na etiologies daban-daban, isasshen ƙwayar renal da adrenal aiki. Wadanda ke fama da matsalar rashin lafiyan da mata masu juna biyu ana wajabta su ne kawai a karkashin kulawar likita.

Glucagon hormone yana yin wasu muhimman ayyuka a jikin mutum - in ba tare da shi ba, cikakken aikin jijiyar, adrenaline, da insulin ba zai yiwu ba. Yin amfani da magani na hormonal zai yiwu ne kawai kamar yadda likita ya umarta ko kuma a ƙarƙashin kulawa a asibiti.

1. 
   M.A. Darenskaya, L.I. Kolesnikova und T.P. Bardymova Type 1 ciwon sukari mellitus:, LAP Lambert Labarin Ilimin Lissafi - M., 2011. - 124 p.
2. 
   Zholondz M.Ya. Sabuwar fahimtar ciwon sukari. St. Petersburg, gidan wallafa "Doe", shafuffuka 1997,172. Maimaita bugun wannan littafin mai suna "Ciwon sukari. Sabuwar fahimta. " SPb., Gidan wallafawa "Duk", 1999., shafuka 224, watsa kwafi 15,000.
3. 
   Onipko V.D. Littafin don marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari. Da fasaha game da mahimmanci. SPb., Gidan wallafawa "Duk", shafuffuka na 2001, 192, ba tare da tantance zagayarwar ba. Reissue na wannan littafin mai suna Kwantar da Rai da Ciwan kansa. SPb., Gidan wallafawa "Duk", 2002, shafuffuka 157, watsa 10,000 kwafi.

Bari in gabatar da kaina. Sunana Elena. Na kasance ina aiki a matsayin endocrinologist fiye da shekaru 10. Na yi imanin cewa a halin yanzu ni ƙwararre ne a fagen aikina kuma ina so in taimaka wa duk baƙi zuwa shafin don warware matsalolin da ba ayyuka sosai ba. Duk kayan don rukunin yanar gizon an tattara su kuma ana aiwatar dasu da kyau don isar da sanarwa gwargwadon iko. Kafin amfani da abin da aka bayyana akan gidan yanar gizon, tattaunawa mai mahimmanci tare da kwararru koyaushe wajibi ne.

Umarnin na musamman don shigarwa

Yi amfani da taka tsantsan a cikin marasa lafiya da ake zargi da rashin isasshen ƙwayar cuta ko pheochromocytoma.

Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa glucagon yana haifar da tasirin sa kawai a gaban glycogen a cikin hanta, saboda haka ba shi da tasiri a cikin marasa lafiya game da rage rage cin abinci, idan akwai ƙarancin adrenal, da kuma rashin ƙarfi na kullum.

A cikin marasa lafiya suna shan beta-blockers, tachycardia da aka bayyana da hauhawar jini tare da gabatarwar glucagon mai yiwuwa ne.

Sakamakon rarrabuwar ATX:

** Jagorar Magani don dalilai ne na bayanai kawai.Don ƙarin bayani, a duba batun masana'anta. Kada ku sami magani na kai, kafin ku fara amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Glucagon, ya kamata ku nemi likita. EUROLAB ba shi da alhakin lahanin da ya haifar ta hanyar amfani da bayanan da aka sanya a jikin tashar. Duk wani bayani a kan yanar gizon baya maye gurbin shawarar likita kuma ba zai iya zama tabbacin ingancin tasirin maganin ba.

Kana sha'awar Glucagon? Shin kuna son sanin cikakken bayani ko kuna buƙatar ganin likita? Ko kuna buƙatar dubawa? Zaku iya yi alƙawari tare da likita - asibiti YuroLab koyaushe a hidimarku! Mafi kyawun likitoci za su bincika ku, ku ba da shawara, ku bayar da taimako da suka wajaba kuma ku yi bincike. Hakanan zaka iya kira likita a gida . Asibitin YuroLab buɗe muku a agogo.

** Hankali! Bayanin da aka gabatar a cikin wannan jagorar magunguna an yi shi ne don kwararrun likitoci kuma bai kamata su zama dalilai na shan magani ba. An bayar da bayanin magungunan Glucagon don tunani kuma ba a yi nufin yin magani ba tare da halartar likita ba. Marasa lafiya suna buƙatar ƙwararrun shawara!

Idan kuna da sha'awar wasu magunguna da magunguna, kwatankwacinsu da umarnin don amfani, bayani game da kayan haɗin da nau'in sakin, alamu don amfani da sakamako masu illa, hanyoyin amfani, farashin da sake duba magunguna, ko kuna da kowane wasu tambayoyi da shawarwari - ku rubuto mana, tabbas zamu yi kokarin taimaka muku.

Sunan Latin: glucagon
Lambar ATX: H04AA01
Aiki mai aiki: glucagon
Mai masana'anta: Novo Nordisk, Denmark
Hutun hutu daga kantin magani: Da takardar sayan magani
Yanayin ajiya: t zuwa 25, duhu
Ranar cikawa: Shekaru 2

Umarnin don maganin yana nuna cewa ana amfani dashi a cikin marasa lafiyar da ke fama da ciwon sukari.

Alamu don amfani

Yin amfani da maganin glucagon miyagun ƙwayoyi an nuna shi a cikin irin wannan yanayi:

• Jiyya na hypoglycemia (da rage karfin sukari jini) a cikin mutane masu ciwon sukari
• Don wani bangare na taimako na gwaji irin na farji da cututtukan hanji da na jijiyoyin jini
• Shock far a cikin tabin hankali.

Abun ciki da nau'i na saki

A cikin 1 ampoule No. 666 ya ƙunshi 49 mg na lactose da 1 MG na glucagon a cikin nau'i na hydrochloride. 1 kwalban No. 667 - glycerin, phenol (abin hana aifuwa) da kuma kayan aiki mai aiki a cikin adadin. 1 kwalban No. 668 na abu guda mai aiki daidai gwargwado kuma 140 MG na lactose. Kwalbar 1 No. 669 ta ƙunshi 10 mg na glucagon hydrochloride, glycerol da phenol.

Farin lyophilisate a cikin ampoules don dilution tare da ruwa mai bakararre. Don tsari guda ɗaya - 1 MG na wakili mai aiki + 5 ml na sauran ƙarfi. Wani nau'in sakewa - 2 MG na miyagun ƙwayoyi + 5 ml na sauran ƙarfi ko 10 MG na miyagun ƙwayoyi da 10 ml na sauran ƙarfi.

Hanyoyin warkarwa

Glucagen yana da kaddarorin hyperglycemic, i.e. - Yana haɓaka sukari na jini, kasancewa ɗan kwadagon insulin. Magungunan roba yana da alaƙa da sihirin halitta na jikin mutum. Wannan kwayar halitta tana da ikon tattara glycogen, kwayar halitta wacce ke faruwa a hanta, sannan aka sake ta zuwa cikin jini a cikin yanayin glucose. Idan ajiyar ajikin ta a cikin hanta ta lalace sosai, to maganin bazai taimaka ba.

Magungunan suna da mummunar tasiri a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke fama da matsananciyar yunwa na dogon lokaci, sun sha giya, da kuma a cikin marasa lafiyar da ke fama da rashin isasshen abinci. Magungunan suna da aikin ƙarfafa catecholamines, saboda haka hawan jini zai iya faruwa. Hakanan, bayan gudanarwa, sautin tsokoki na hanji yana raguwa, peristalsis yana raunana, wanda a ƙarshe zai haifar da atony na hanji da tsokani maƙarƙashiya.

Bayan shiga jikin mutum, magungunan tare da taimakon mahadi enzyme ya karye a kyallen, gabobi da jini.Tsarin Hormonal ya dogara da ma'aunin hanta da koda koda kai tsaye. Rabin rayuwar mutum yayi gajarta, har zuwa minti biyar. Idan ka shigar da maganin a cikin ciki, zai sami sakamako na warkewa bayan dakika 60, kuma tsawon lokacin tasirin zai wuce zuwa minti 20 a jere. Idan aka gabatar da glucagon a cikin tsoka, to, farkon tasirin yana bunkasa sosai a hankali, har zuwa minti 10, amma tsawon lokacin sakamako shine a kalla minti 40.

Hanyar aikace-aikacen

Matsakaicin farashin magani a Rasha kusan 800 rubles a kowace fakiti.

Koyarwar Glucagon yana nuna cewa sigar asali shine 0.5 IU ko 1 IU na miyagun ƙwayoyi a lokaci guda. Ana iya gudanar dashi ta hanyar subcutaneously, intramuscularly ko intravenously. Additionalarin nuni shine cewa bayan allura ya fi kyau a ci abincin carbohydrate don sake cika ɗakunan glycogen a cikin hanta. Idan magani bai taimaka ba, zai fi kyau a gudanar da glucose a cikin jijiya.

A lokacin daukar ciki da shayarwa

Zai yuwu, amma a hankali, tare da cikakken iko akan yanayin mai haƙuri da tayin ko jariri.

Contraindications da Kariya

An contraindicated na rage na sukari da m matakan zuwa m matakan, hypersensitivity ko kasawa na adrenal aiki.

Tsanaki - ciki da lactation.

Hulɗa da miyagun ƙwayoyi

Glucagon shine maganin antulinist. Beta-blockers, idan aka hadasu tare, suna haifar da rikicewar zuciya. Indomethacin yana kara yawan abu a cikin jini; sakamakon warfarin yana ƙaruwa da magani lokaci guda.

Side effects da yawan abin sama da ya kamata

Anafilaxis, tsananin kulawa, amai, tashin zuciya da ciwon ciki.

Tare da gabatarwar fiye da 1 mg a lokaci guda - vomiting da tashin zuciya, raguwar potassium a cikin jini. Babu magani da ake buƙata, kawai gyaran sashi na gaba.

Novo Nordisk, Denmark

Matsakaicin farashin a Rasha - 725 rubles kowace kunshin.

Glucagen HypoKit ya ƙunshi 1 MG na samfurin a cikin kwalba. Cikakken analogue ne.

• Ba arha
• Akwai sakamako masu illa.

Eli Lilly Gabas, Switzerland

Matsakaicin farashin a Rasha - 810 rubles a kowane fakiti.

Mai Gudanar da Humulin - insulin matsanancin-gajeren, cikakken antagonist na glucagen. Wajibi ne don rashiwar hormonal, tare da yanayin hauhawar jini.

Aikin magunguna

Antagonist na insulin na jiki. Yana da tasirin hyperglycemic da antispasmodic. Yana ɗaukar takamaiman masu karɓa a saman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta (hanta, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar tsoka) kuma kai tsaye, ta hanyar GS sunadarai, kunna adenylate cyclase, enzyme wanda ke canza ATP zuwa cAMP, wanda hakan yana ƙara yawan aikin phosphorylase. Latterarshen yana rushe glycogen a cikin hanta da tsokoki zuwa glucose kuma yana hana glycogen synthetase, i.e. akwai kara kuzari na glycogenolysis da gluconeogenesis.

A cikin sauran kyallen takarda (myocardium, tsokoki mai santsi), yana ƙarfafa nau'in masu karɓar glucagon II na II, yana ƙara haɗuwa da inositol triphosphate intracellular inositol, yana rage abun ciki na Ca2 + kuma yana kwantar da tsokoki mai laushi.

Sanadin shakatawa na santsi na tsokoki na ciki da ciki. Yana ƙarfafa sakin catecholamines. Yana da ingantaccen tasiri na kasashen waje da chronotropic.

Lokacin farawa daga aikin hyperglycemic tare da i / v shine minti 5-20, tare da gudanarwa na i / m - mintina 15-26, tare da s / c gudanar - mintuna 30-45, tsawon lokacin sakamako shine minti 90.

Farkon sakamako na antispasmodic tare da gudanarwa na i / m shine minti 8-10 (minti 4-7 bayan kashi na 2 mg), tsawon lokacin aiki ya dogara da kashi kuma shine mintuna 12-27 na 1 mg, mintuna 21-32 don 2 mg. Tare da gudanarwa na iv, tasirin yana faruwa bayan 45 sec-1 min, tsawon lokacin aiwatarwa a cikin kashi na 0.25-0.5 mg shine minti 9-17, a kashi na 2 MG shine minti 22-25.

Hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic coma,

drugsarin magungunan gwaji don gwajin X-ray na ciki da hanji, angiography, ƙididdigar tomography, MRI, bayyanar cututtuka na zub da jini daga ƙananan hanji ta amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar alama mai kwakwalwa ta Technetium, alamar hysterosalpingography,

maye tare da beta-blockers da BMCC, toshewar ciwan ciki tare da jikin kasashen waje, rawar jiki na masu fama da tabin hankali.

Side effects

Daga tsarin narkewa: tashin zuciya, amai.

Daga CCC: karuwar jigilar jini a cikin jini, tachycardia.

Allergic halayen: urticaria, bronchospasm, rage karfin jini.

Sauran: hypokalemia (mai rauni myasthenia gravis, myalgia, cramps na wasu rukunin tsoka, rage yawan ci, arrhythmias), rashin ruwa.

Siffofin shuka magani

Menene ikon warkarwa? Yadda ake tattara shi kuma waɗanne nau'ikan wannan shuka shuka za'a iya girbe? Shin akwai cutarwa ga kiwon lafiya a cikin lura da wannan sanannen "wanda aka fi so" da "likita"?

Tsarin tsire-tsire plantain shine "cosmopolitan", ana iya samunsa a yawancin sassan duniya - a Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Afirka da Amurka, Indiya. Ba zaku ganshi ba sai a cikin Arewa mai nisa da hamada. Ji mai kyau a cikin yanayin, subtropical latitudes. Ba shi da ma'ana, yana ci gaba sosai tare da nau'ikan tsire-tsire, ciyawar sa, ƙasa mai yawa ba ta tsoma baki tare da haɓakar sa ba, saboda haka ana iya ganin sa sau da yawa a kusa da hanyoyi. Amma kuma yana ƙaunar wurare masu laima, ɓangaren rairayin bakin teku, filaye da wuraren zama, galibi ana samun su kusa da gidaje, a cikin gidajen rani, a cikin daji. Saboda tsoka mai tsawo a kan ganye, ana kiran wannan ciyawa "abokin zama bakwai." Inflorescences sauƙi tsaya ga tufafin masu wucewa-ta, ƙafafun motocin, gashin dabba, kuma don haka shuka ya zama "abokin tafiya". Amma a cikin yanayi babu hatsarori. Ta wannan hanyar, an rarraba tsaba masu plantain.

Plantain lanceolate, ko lanceolate. Plantain ne ƙuma. Plantain ne matsakaici.

Gabaɗaya halaye. Abun ciki:

Abunda yake aiki: 1 MG (1 IU) na glucagon hydrochloride wanda aka kirkira ta asalin jini a cikin injector 1.

Mahalarta: lactose monohydrate, ruwa don yin allura (abun da ke ciki na iya haɗawa da hydrochloric acid da / ko sodium hydroxide, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen ƙera magunguna don daidaita pH).

Iri plantain

A yanayi, akwai kusan nau'ikan 250 na wannan shuka. Yawancin plantain suna ciyawa na zamani. Yawancinsu suna da gaskiya sun mamaye wuri mai daraja a fannin harhada magunguna. Mafi yawan "masu warkarwa" shine babban plantain. Wadanne nau'ikan nau'ikan za'a tattara a matsayin kayan abinci na kayan abinci?

• Lanceolate, ko lanceolate. Fasalinsa shine lanceolate mai kaifi ganye tare da dogayen petioles da veinscent veins. An shuka tsaba, an matse daga ciki, kuma kunnen inflorescence yayi kauri idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ba, yana iya yin tushe a kan rami mai bushe, ya jure zafi sosai. Darajar darajar magungunan jama'a da kuma magunguna har da manyan plantain.
• Fulawa ne. Ana kuma kiranta ƙuma, yashi, Indiya, m. Menene kwatankwacin bayanin Botanical plantain? Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ba, yana da shekara-shekara tare da kara, ƙarfe-pubescent karar (har zuwa 40 cm), tsayin shinge wanda ƙananan furanni a cikin nau'i na shugabannin ƙirar kwai suna girma. A matsayin magani, ana amfani da tsaba a yawancin lokuta, wanda akwai gamsai mai yawa, amma kuma ana amfani da mai tushe da ganyayyaki don samun ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
• Matsakaici Ya jagged, guga man zuwa ganye ganye, gajere petioles, kibiyoyin fure na iya girma har zuwa 50 cm, da tsaba suna lebur a gefe ɗaya kawai.

A wasu ƙasashe, tsiren katako, lanceolate, da ƙuma suna girma saboda masana'antar magunguna. Plantain, ya danganta da nau'in da yankin canjin yanayi, zai fara yin fure a watan Yuni kuma ya ƙare a watan Satumba.

Propertiesungiyoyin magunguna:

Pharmacodynamics HyluKit na GlucaGen® 1 mg ya ƙunshi asalin aikin ɗan adam na glucagon protein-peptide hormone, mai aikin insulin na ilimin halittar jiki wanda ke da hannu a cikin tsari na metabolism metabolism. Glucagon yana haɓaka rushewar glycogen a cikin hanta zuwa glucose-6-phosphate (glucogenolysis), yana haifar da karuwa a cikin taro na glucose a cikin jini.

Glucagon ba shi da tasiri a cikin lura da marasa lafiya waɗanda shagon glycogen nasu sun cika. A saboda wannan dalili, glucagon ba shi da tasiri ko rashin aiki kwatankwacin kulawa a cikin marasa lafiya a kan komai a cikin ciki ko marasa lafiya tare da rashin isasshen adrenal, cututtukan hypoglycemia ko hypoglycemia wanda ke haifar da barasa.

Ba kamar adrenaline ba, glucagon baya tasiri phosphorylase na tsoka kuma saboda haka ba zai iya sauƙaƙe canja wurin carbohydrates daga maɓallin ƙwaƙwalwar tsokoki a cikin shagunan glycogen ba.

Glucagon yana ƙarfafa sakin catecholamines. A gaban glucagon, tumon na iya tsokani ƙaddamar da adadin catecholamines mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da karuwa sosai a cikin karfin jini.

Glucagon yana rage yawan aiki na jijiyoyin jiki mai santsi.

Ayyukan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana farawa 1 mintuna bayan allura ta ciki, tsawon lokacin da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasance mintuna 5 zuwa 20, ya danganta da sashi da ƙwayar jikin.

Ayyukan maganin yana farawa ne daga mintina 5 zuwa 15 bayan allura ta wucin gadi kuma yana daga mintuna 10 zuwa arba'in, ya danganta da kashi da kwayoyin.

A cikin lura da mummunan tasirin glucagon akan glucose jini ana yawanci ana lura da shi cikin minti 10.

Pharmacokinetics Matsakaicin daidaituwa na glucagon a cikin mutane shine kusan 10 ml / kg / min. Glucagon ana aiki da ƙarfe enzymatically a cikin jini na jini da kuma gabobin da ake rarrabawa. Babban wuraren glucagon metabolism shine hanta da kodan, gudummawar kowane sashi a cikin jimlar tsabtace metabolism kusan 30%. Rabin rayuwar glucagon shine minti 3-6.

Halayyar Botanical

Plantain. Misalin Botanical daga littafin H. H. Schubert "Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs".

Yaya wani plantain yake? Kowane yaro ya saba da wannan shuka. Babu bukatar yin cikakken bayanin Botanical game da shi. Kuma duk da haka, idan kayi amfani da kalmomin botanical, to “hoton” zai haifar da masu zuwa:

• tushe: gajere, filiform da bakin ciki, tare da haɓakar rhizome, ingantacciya,
• ganye: tattara a cikin muhimmi Rosette, fadi, m, m, tare da dogon petioles,
• furanni: dake cikin gindin katako, ƙarami, launin ruwan kasa a launi, inflorescence a fagen dogon tsayi, da madaidaiciyar fure (madaidaiciya) madaidaiciya zai iya zama 15 zuwa 30 cm tsayi,
• 'ya'yan itãcen marmari: a cikin nau'i mai akwatin iri mai yawa, wanda ke buɗe ko'ina.

Plantain ciyawa ana godiya da ganye, inflorescences, tsaba da asalinsu. Ana aiwatar da tarin wannan albarkatun ƙasa a lokuta daban-daban. Mafi yawan girbe ganye.

• Tarin. Ganyen za'a iya girbe su daga Mayu zuwa Agusta, har sai sun fara juyawa. Sake girbi bayan ƙiyayya yana yiwuwa; ana yinsu ne a watan Agusta da Satumba. An yanke ganyayen ganye ko yanka, sannan sai aka zaɓi kayan abinci daga ciki. Tattara plantain ana bada shawarar kawai a cikin yanayin bushe. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsaba daga danshi suna yaɗu da gamsai kuma wannan yana lalata da sauri. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tara tsire-tsire magani a cikin wurin mai tsabtace muhalli. Idan ana buƙatar tushen plantain, sai a haƙa shi a hankali a kuma cire shi tare da tushe da ganyayyaki, a wanke sosai a bushe. Better girbi a kaka.
• Bushewa An bushe cikin vivo. Don wannan dalili canopies, attics, sarari da aka rufe tare da iska mai kyau ya dace. An ba da shawarar don fitar da ganye a cikin bakin ciki da kuma ted domin kada su hana. Yaya za a tantance shirye-shiryen kayan albarkatun? Idan petioles ta tsage, to ana iya cushewa a kuma ajiye ta domin ajiya.
• Adanawa. An shimfida kayan albarkatun a cikin jakunkuna na lilin, kariya daga hasken rana da danshi. Za a iya adana shekaru 2.

Baya ga bushewa, ganye na iya daskarewa ta hanyar ɗauko su a cikin ƙananan rabo. A lokaci guda, ana kiyaye duk kayan warkarwa na ganye. Amma dole ne a yi amfani dasu a cikin watanni 6. Ana girbe tsaba a cikakkiyar balaga, a watan Agusta kuma ya ƙare a watan Oktoba.

Alamu don amfani:

Babban mawuyacin yanayi na rashin ƙarfi (glukos din jini) wanda ke faruwa a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus bayan allura ta insulin ko shan allunan hypoglycemic.

Don ganewar asali: Rage motsi na ƙwayar gastrointestinal yayin jarrabawa ta hanyar endoscopy da daukar hoto.

Siffofin Aikace-aikacen:

Haihuwa da lactation.Glucagon baya wucewa ta hanyar mashin mutum. Akwai cikakkun bayanai game da amfani da glucagon a cikin mata masu juna biyu da masu ciwon sukari suna nuna rashin lahani ga hanya ta ciki da lafiyar tayin da jariri.

Glucagon yana da sauri sosai daga hanjin jini (galibi ta hanta, T1 / 2 = 3-6 min), don haka adadin glucagon da aka fifita a cikin madarar mahaifiya bayan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don ƙwararrakin hypoglycemia yana da ƙanƙanci sosai. Tunda an lalata glucagon a cikin narkewar abinci kuma, sabili da haka, ba a tunawa da shi ba canzawa, ba shi da wani tasiri na rayuwa a jikin ɗan.

A cikin lura da mummunan yanayin hypoglycemic. Bayan mai haƙuri ya sake farkawa, don hana sake haɓakar hypoglycemia, ya kamata a ba shi abinci mai arzikin carbohydrate don mayar da shagunan glycogen a cikin hanta.

Aikace-aikacen bincike. Marasa lafiya da aka bi da su tare da glucagon dangane da hanyoyin bincike na iya jin rashin kwanciyar hankali, musamman idan aka yi hanyoyin a kan komai a ciki. Akwai rahotannin lokuta na rashin lafiyar hypoglycemia da canje-canje a cikin karfin jini a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Bayan an kammala tsarin gano cutar, ya kamata a bai wa marasa lafiya masu azumi abincin samfurin carbohydrate idan wannan ya dace da tsarin binciken da ake amfani da shi. Idan ya cancanta bayan gwaji ko kuma yanayin rashin ƙarfi na jini, za a buƙaci sarrafa jijiyar ciki na glucose (glucose).

Glucagon shine antagonist na insulin, kuma ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan lokacin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit a cikin marasa lafiya tare da insulinoma, har ma da glucagon.

Hakanan yakamata a yi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit a matsayin adjuvant lokacin aiwatar da endoscopic ko hanyoyin rediyo a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari na mellitus ko kuma a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya tare da ilimin cututtukan zuciya.

GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit bai kamata a gudanar dashi azaman jiko na ciki ba.

Gilashin tare da shiri na GlucaGen® yana sanye da farar filastik, wanda ya kamata a cire shi kafin shirya mafita.

Kada kayi amfani da maganin da aka shirya idan yana da daidaiton mai-gel ko kuma yana ɗauke da barbashin da ba'a warware ba.

Tasiri kan iya fitar da yatsa. Wed da fur. Ba a gudanar da bincike game da tasirin miyagun ƙwayoyi kan ikon tuki motoci ko aiki tare da kayan aikin ba. Tunda akwai rahotannin lokuta na cututtukan jini bayan hanyoyin bincike, ya kamata a guji tuƙin abin hawa har sai mai haƙuri ya ci abinci mai ɗauke da ƙwayar carbohydrate.

Aikace-aikacen da sashi

Don lura da ciwon sukari, tsofaffi da yara masu nauyin jiki fiye da 20 kg - 0.5-1 mg s / c, v / m ko / v. Yaran da basu kai kilo 20 ba - 0.5 MG (20-30 mcg / kg). A cikin mintina 15 bayan aikace-aikacen farko, ɗaya ko 2 ƙarin gwamnoni a cikin kashi ɗaya mai yiwuwa ne.

A cikin nazarin ciki - 0.5 mg i / v ko 2 mg i / m, a cikin nazarin ciwon - 2 mg i / m mintina 10 kafin aikin.

Cutar ciki tare da wakilai masu toshe beta-adrenergic - a / a cikin jiko a cikin kudi na 5-150 mcg / kg, sannan a / cikin nutsuwa, a saurin 1-5 mg / h.

Cutar cikin ciki (BMK) - sau ɗaya, cikin / a, a cikin kashi biyu na MG 2, ana zaɓin allurai dabam-dabam gwargwadon yanayin mai haƙuri.

Jikin kasashen waje suna toshewar ciwan ciki - iv, 0.5-2 mg (idan ya cancanta, akai-akai bayan mintuna 10-12).

Kafin gudanarwa, ana narke glucagon tare da sauran abubuwan da ke kawowa, ba a amfani dashi a cikin maida hankali wanda ya wuce 1 mg / ml, idan ana gudanar da glucagon a cikin allurai da ya wuce 2 MG, ana narke shi da ruwa mai matsi don allura.

Yin hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyi:

A kan tushen beta-blockers, gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit zai iya haifar da mummunan tachycardia da hauhawar jini.

Insulin: Aikin glucagon ya saba da aikin insulin (mai daukar asirin glucagon antagonist).

Indomethacin: lokacin amfani tare, glucagon na iya rasa ikonta don haɓaka glucose jini har ma da haifar da hypoglycemia.

Warfarin: lokacin amfani tare, glucagon zai iya haɓaka sakamakon warfarin anticoagulant.

Yawan abin sama da ya kamata

Tare da yawan shan magunguna GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit, tashin zuciya, amai, tachycardia, da haɓaka da hawan jini na iya faruwa.

Jiyya na nuna alama ce. Kullum kula da matakan potassium kuma, idan ya cancanta, gyararsa ya zama dole. Aikace-aikacen kuma ba su da tasiri. Idan akwai ruwa, yawan ruwa da kuma asarar mai guba.

Yanayin ajiya:

Ya kamata a adana GlucaGen® (a cikin foda) a zazzabi wanda bai wuce 25 ° C ba. Kar a daskare don hana lalacewar sirinji. Ya kamata a adana kwalban tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi GlukaGen® a wuri mai duhu. Dole ne ayi amfani da maganin gama GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit nan da nan bayan shiri. Karku ajiye abin da aka shirya don amfani na gaba. Ayi nesa da isar yara. Rayuwar shelf: l Iophilisate - shekaru 2, sauran ƙarfi - shekaru 3. Kada kayi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bayan ranar ƙarewar da aka nuna akan kunshin.

Yanayin hutu:

1 MG na lyophilisate a cikin vials cikakke tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin sirinji 1 ml na disposable.

Kwalba 1 tare da foda lyophilized foda (lyophilisate) da sirinji 1 tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin yanayin filastik.

Lambar yin rijista: P No. 015125/01

Sunan ciniki:
GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit (GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit)

Sunan kasa da kasa mai zaman kansa (mNn):
Glucagon

Form sashi
Lyophilisate don bayani don allura

Fitowa
lactose monohydrate, ruwa don yin allura. (Abun haɗin zai iya haɗawa da hydrochloric acid da / ko sodium hydroxide, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar magungunan don daidaita pH).

Bayanin
Lyophilized foda ko babban adadin farin launi. Lokacin da narkar da a cikin wadataccen abu don 1 min, a bayyane, siffofin bayani mara launi.

Rukunin Magunguna
Wakili don magance cututtukan jini.

Lambar ATX : H04AA01.

Yarjejeniyar:

Hypersensitivity ga glucagon ko wani bangaren na miyagun ƙwayoyi, hyperglycemia, pheochromocytoma

Yi amfani da lokacin daukar ciki da lactation

GlucaGen baya ƙetara shingen ƙwallon ƙwayar mutum kuma ana iya amfani dashi don kula da mummunan cutar hypoglycemia yayin daukar ciki. Lokacin da ake rubuta magani yayin shan nono, babu wani haɗari ga yaran.

Sashi da gudanarwa

Don shirya allura, 1 MG (1 ME) na lyophilisate an narke cikin 1 ml na sauran ƙarfi. Sakamakon da za'a iya haifar dashi za'a iya gudanar dashi ta hanyar subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. A wannan nau'in sashi, ana amfani da maganin GlucaGen 1 MG HypoKit ana sarrafa shi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko intramuscularly. Gabatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi daga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya

1 mg (tsofaffi da yara masu nauyin jiki fiye da 25 kg ko shekaru 6-8) ko 0.5 mg (yara masu nauyin jikinsu ƙasa da kilogiram 25 ko ƙasa da shekaru 6-8) ana yin su a ƙarƙashin subcutaneously, intramuscularly ko a cikin jijiya. Mai haƙuri yakan dawo da hankali cikin minti 10 bayan gudanar da maganin. Bayan mara lafiyar ya dawo da hankali, dole ne a ba shi abinci mai wadatacce a cikin carbohydrates don hana sake haɓaka ƙwanƙwasa jini. Idan a cikin mintina 10 mara lafiya bai murmure ba, yana buƙatar allurar glucose a cikin ciki. Gudanar da magani ga mai haƙuri ta hanyar dangi (s) Dangi ko abokai na kusa da mai haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari ya kamata ya san cewa idan ya kamu da mummunan yanayin rashin lafiyar, yana buƙatar taimakon likita. Idan mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ya kamu da matsanancin ƙwayar cuta kuma ba ya iya cin sukari, dangi ko abokai ya kamata su yi masa allura ta GlucaGen 1 MG HypoKit. Ana sarrafa 1 mg (manya da yara da nauyin jikinsu ya wuce kilogiram 25) ko 0.5 mg (yara masu nauyin jiki ƙasa da kilogiram 25 ko ƙasa da shekaru 6-8) ana yin su a ƙarƙashin subcutaneously ko a ɓangaren sama na tsokoki na cinya.Mai haƙuri yakan dawo da hankali cikin minti 10 bayan gudanar da maganin. Bayan mai haƙuri ya sake farfaɗo, yana buƙatar a ba shi sukari don hana sake haɓakar cutar rashin ƙarfi ta hypoglycemia. Dukkanin marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsanancin rashin ƙarfi suna buƙatar kulawa da lafiya.

1. Cire kwalfar ruwan 'ya'yan lemo a cikin kwalbar da kuma allura daga sirinji,

2. Soki daskararren murfin roba na murfin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin GlucaGen tare da allura, kuma gabatar da duk ruwan da ke cikin sirinji a cikin murfin.

3. Ba tare da cire allura daga vial ba, a hankali girgiza murfin har sai an narkar da shirin GlucaGen kuma an samar da mafita mai kyau.

4. Tabbatar cewa piston din an sake yin tazarce gaba. Zuba dukkanin maganin a cikin sirinji. Ya kamata a sa ido
don kada piston ya fito daga cikin sirinji.

5. Saki iska daga sirinji don yin allura.

Mai cutarwa sakamako masu illa suna da wuya. Daga tsarin narkewa: Wani lokacin tashin zuciya da amai na iya faruwa, musamman tare da kwayar fiye da 1 MG, ko tare da saurin gudanar da maganin (a ƙasa da minti 1). Daga tsarin zuciya: tachycardia na ɗan gajeren lokaci, hauhawar jinkirin hauhawar jini.

Daga tsarin rigakafi: rashin kwanciyar hankali, gami da girgiza ƙwayar anaphylactic.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da sakamako masu mahimmanci suna nuna yawan guba na miyagun ƙwayoyi GlucaGen ba rajista ba. Idan mai haƙuri yana da kowane mummunan sakamako, ciki har da waɗanda ba a lissafa a sama ba, amma a ra'ayinsa ya haifar da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi GlucaGen 1 mg HypoKit, ya kamata ya sanar da likita game da shi.

Rubuta bita

Glucagon magani ne kuma mai aiki, hormone wanda kwayoyin halittar jiki su ke haifarwa, wanda ake kira antagonist na insulin na jiki. An samo ta ne daga cututtukan dabbobi, da aladu ta aikin injiniyan dabbobi. Farin farin lu'ulu'u ne yake wakilta, kusan a cikin ruwa ne yake wakiltarsa.

Maganin magunguna na glucagon

Glucagon na hormone yana da tasirin hyperglycemic, kuma yana da tasirin antispasmodic. Yana ɗaukar takamaiman ga masu karɓar gabobin da ke ciki da kuma kunna enzyme adenylate cyclase, wanda ke canza ATP kai tsaye zuwa cAMP, ta hanyar sunadarai, yana ƙara yawan aikin phosphorylase, wanda ke rushe glycogen a cikin tsokoki da hanta zuwa glucose.

Tare da gudanarwar intramuscular, maida hankali mafi yawa yana faruwa bayan mintina 13, tare da allurar subcutaneous - bayan minti 20. Yana da metabolized a cikin plasma, a cikin hanta, kodan, da kuma a wasu kyallen takarda yayin kariya. An fitar dashi cikin fitsari. Sauƙin rabin rayuwar ya bambanta da minti uku zuwa shida.

Tasirin Hyperglycemic yana faruwa na minti 5-20 bayan jiko na cikin ciki, bayan an sanya ciki - mintina 15, bayan subcutaneous - rabin sa'a daga baya, tasirin yana zuwa minti na casa'in. Tasirin maganin rigakafi yana faruwa da dakikoki arba'in da biyar bayan allura ta ciki, bayan allura ta ciki bayan mintuna takwas.

Ana amfani da kayan aiki a wasu hanyoyin bincike, kamar a cikin gwajin X-ray na narkewa tare da barium. Akwai shaidun amfani da glucagon don farjin warkewa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa.

An nuna kayan aikin don amfani da yanayin hypoglycemic, kazalika da haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta.

Daga cikin contraindications zuwa glucagon, za a iya lura da ƙarancin hankali game da shi, wannan magani ba a amfani da shi don hyperglycemia, a gaban insulinoma ba, tun lokacin da aka sami matsala ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa ta jiki zai iya faruwa. Bugu da kari, tare da pheochromocytoma, in ba haka ba, sakin catecholamines cikin jini zai kara motsawa, wanda zai haifar da karuwa sosai a cikin karfin jini.

Glucagon ba ya ratsa shinge na mahaifa, sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da wannan magani a cikin mata masu juna biyu don magance ciwo mai ƙarfi, amma bayan shawarwari na farko da ƙwararre.

Gefen Rage Glucagon

Zan lissafa abubuwanda zasu haifarda wanda mai haƙuri zai iya ji a cikin martani game da amfani da samfuran da ke kunshe da wannan sinadari: tashin zuciya yana tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da amai, tachycardia ya shiga, hawan jini ya tashi, banda haka, rashin ruwa na faruwa, kuma hypokalemia shima an ƙaddara shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje (raguwa) potassium a cikin jini).

Baya ga tasirin sakamako masu illa, mai haƙuri yana jin daɗin rashin lafiyar, wanda aka bayyana azaman fatar kan fata, itching, urticaria, cigaban bronchospasm ba a cire shi, haka kuma, a cikin mafi munanan yanayi, anaphylactic shock yana faruwa a cikin mutum, wanda ke buƙatar taimakon gaggawa. .

Game da yawan yawan zubar da jini na glucagon shirye-shiryen, mai haƙuri zai iya fuskantar matsanancin amai, rashin ruwa (fitsari) zai haɓaka, alamun hypokalemia zai faru, wanda za a bayyana a cikin saɓawar bugun zuciya, raunin ƙwayar tsoka da yanayin yanayi da za a kara, a Bugu da kari, jin zafi a cikin tsokoki, kuma rashi ba a cire shi, wanda za'a lura dashi a cikin rukunin tsoka na mutum.

Amfani da glucagon :: Sashi na glucagon

Ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen Glucagon ta hanyar ciki, subcutaneously, ƙari, intramuscularly, yayin da sashi yawanci yana dacewa da 0.5-1 mg, dangane da nauyin jikin mutum. Idan ya cancanta, ana maimaita maganin bayan mintina sha biyu.

Glucagon yana haɓaka tasirin warkewar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyi. A kan tushen amfani da beta-blockers, ana iya lura da ci gaban tachycardia, da ƙara haɓaka cikin karfin jini. Magungunan propranolol na rage girman tasirin gaske.

Ba a amfani da Glucagon ga waɗancan marasa lafiya waɗanda suka yanke glycogen ajiyar cikin hanta. Saboda haka, maganin ba shi da tasiri a cikin mutane masu fama da warkewar azumi, a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, da kuma rashin isasshen abinci.

Bayan gabatarwar magungunan glucagon a jikin mai haƙuri, ana buƙatar saka idanu kan alamu na glucose jini.

Shirye-shirye wanda ya ƙunshi glucagon (analogues)

Glucagon abu mai aiki yana kunshe ne a cikin magunguna iri ɗaya, ƙari, yana nan a cikin magungunan GlucaGen da HypoKit, an sake su a cikin lyophilisate, daga inda aka shirya maganin allura. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da su kafin lokacin ƙarewar da aka nuna, wanda za'a iya gani akan akwatin tare da maganin.

Mun yi magana game da yadda kuma da abin da ake bi da cutar hypoglycemic - lura da glucagon. Umarnin don yin amfani da kuɗaɗen da suka haɗa da wannan kayan ba tare da faɗakar da masu amfani da maganin sa ba. Dole ne a yi jiyya tare da magani wanda ya ƙunshi glucagon akan shawarar da ƙwararren likita ya bayar. Idan wani sakamako masu illa suka faru, mutumin ya nemi shawara tare da ƙwararren ƙwararren masani.

• 1 ampoule na 666 glucagon ya ƙunshi 1 mg glucagon hydrochlorideda kuma 49 MG lactose,
• 1 ampoule 667 na shirye-shiryen da ke sama ya ƙunshi 1 MG glucagon hydrochloride1 ml na 1.6% bayani glycerin tare da maganin 2% azaman abin kariya,
• 1 ampoule 668 na shirye-shiryen da ke sama ya ƙunshi 1 MG glucagon hydrochloride da kuma 140 MG lactose ,
• 1 ampoule 669 na maganin da ke sama ya ƙunshi 10 MG glucagon hydrochloride da 1 ml na 1.6% bayani tare da 2% bayani phenol.

Ranar cikawa:

Shekaru 2 Kada kayi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bayan ranar ƙarewar da aka nuna akan kunshin.

Class of cututtuka

• Rashin maganin hypoglycemia
• Bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan gastrointestinal

• Ba a kayyade ba. Duba umarnin

• Rashin lafiya
• Hyperglycemic

• Glucagon da misalanta

Lyophilisate don bayani don allurar Glucagon (Glucagon)

Umarnin don amfanin likita

• Alamu don amfani
• Fom ɗin saki
• Pharmacodynamics na miyagun ƙwayoyi
• Pharmacokinetics na miyagun ƙwayoyi
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Sashi da gudanarwa
• Umarnin na musamman don shigarwa
• Yanayin ajiya

Aikin warkewa

Menene mahimmanci ga plantain a magungunan gargajiya da kuma magungunan gargajiya?

• Abubuwan da ke warkar da tushen tushen garkuwa. Tushen cirewa ya ƙunshi abubuwa waɗanda ke ba da aikin analgesic, anti-mai kumburi sakamako. Saboda haka, jiko da barasa tincture daga tushen ana amfani dashi don ciwon hakori, cututtukan farji. Hakanan a cikin herbalists zaka iya samun girke-girke na tinctures akan jan giya daga tushen plantain, wanda ke bugu da kamuwa da cututtukan herpes. Ana amfani da kayan aiki a waje a cikin nau'i na lotions don sauƙaƙa puffness.
• Abubuwan da ke warkar da ganye na ganye. Mutanen da suke nesa da magungunan gargajiya da masana kimiyyar magunguna sun san cewa ganyen plantain shine hanya ta farko da za a dakatar da zub da jini tare da yankan farce. Magana ce ta halitta. Ana amfani da shi ga raunuka baki daya ko an murƙushe shi kuma ana amfani da bandeji. Ganyen wannan tsiro na musamman cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da sunadarai: sun ƙunshi yalwar phytoncides, potassium, glycosides, enzymes, alkaloids, resins, acid acid, flavonoids, polysaccharides, carbohydrate, furotin, steroid da tannins, chlorophyll, kazalika da carotene, bitamin C da K.
• Warkar da kaddarorin tsaba. Ana jin daɗin su saboda babban ɗimbin su na mai mai mahimmanci, hadaddun ƙwayoyin kwayoyin halitta (musamman saponins), gamsai, da acid acid. A cikin ilimin magunguna, ana amfani dasu tare da ganye.

Akwai fa'idar illolin magunguna:

• rauni waraka
• maganin rigakafi
• sabbinna,
• bulo
• emollient
• magani mai kantad da hankali
• wakoki
• sakatariya
• hemostatic
• sabuntawa
• anti-mai kumburi
• kwayar cuta
• annanamarinna,
• maganin cututtukan zuciya
• hypotensive (rage karfin jini),
• sabuntawa.

Jerin alamomi da contraindications

Waɗanne alamomi ne suke nunawa game da kulawar da ke jikinta? Shin wannan shuka zai iya cutar da jiki?

• Abubuwan huhu. Wannan shine maganin tari na farko don mura, mura, SARS, mashako da ciwon huhu, tracheitis da laryngitis. Har ila yau, yana dakatar da hawan jini tare da tarin fuka, yana kawar da yawan tashin hankali, kuma yana aiki lokaci guda azaman expectorant, buloshi da magungunan kashe kumburi. Da kyau dilutes da kuma cire lokacin farin ciki sputum.
• Kwayoyin narkewa. Wellwararren magani ne don maganin cututtukan gastritis tare da ƙarancin acidity, ciwon ciki da duodenal miki. Suna kuma magance cututtukan ƙwayar ciki da hanji, yana sauƙaƙa colic, cramps tare da colitis da enterocolitis, abubuwa a matsayin carminative, choleretic wakili. Taimaka tare da dysentery, normallyzes ci abinci da kuma narkewa gaba ɗaya.
• Tsarin urinary. Ba'a amfani da tsire-tsire masu magani na zaɓin farko don cututtuka na kodan da mafitsara. Koyaya, yana da amfani ga polyuria, nocturnal enuresis.
• Tsarin rayuwa. Yana shafar metabolism na cholesterol, yana motsa matakai na rayuwa, ana amfani dashi don ciwon sukari, kiba, da kuma tsarkake jikin gubobi da gubobi.
• Aikace-aikacen waje. Suna magance raunuka ba kawai, har ma da kumburin ciki, kumburi, cututtukan fata na rashin lafiyar jiki, phlegmon, lichen, kuraje, cututtukan fata, erysipelas, ciji da macizai. Ana iya amfani dashi don kurkura bakin da makogwaro a cikin ilimin haƙori da otolaryngology. Wannan maganin yana da inganci don kumburi, raunin idanu.
• Tonic da magani mai kantad da hankali. An ba da shawarar don gajiya mai wahala, asarar ƙarfi, rashin bacci, neurosis, damuwa. An karɓa don rigakafin cutar anemia, karancin bitamin, anorexia.
• Analgesic da hypotensive. Yana sauƙaƙa kunne, ciwon kai da ciwon hakori. Yana rage matsin lamba tare da hauhawar jini, yana kawar da ƙwazo, yana da amfani mai amfani akan aikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
• Gynecology Plantain yana da amfani ga mata masu cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa. Ana amfani dashi a waje don douching idan akwai kumburi, lura da lalacewa daga cikin mahaifa, ciyawar tana inganta farfadowar nama mai saurin tasowa.A ciki, ana ɗaukar su azaman wakili na hemostatic don zubar jini na igiyar ciki (yana motsa coagulation jini).

A cikin magungunan jama'a, an gabatar da wannan shuka a matsayin wakili na maganin antitumor. Zai yi wuya a kare ko, a taƙaice, ƙalubalantar wannan hanyar magani. Babu wata hujja ta kimiyya game da ingancinta, duk da haka, akwai sake dubawa game da shari'oin warkarwa daga cutar kansa na ciki da hanjin cikin jiyya tare da plantain. Hakanan an yi imani da cewa kayan aiki yana taimakawa tare da ciwan ƙoshin ƙwayar cuta na waje. Mafi sau da yawa, ana ɗaukar ruwan 'ya'yan itace shuka don magani.

Jerin maganin contraindications: duk wani ƙari na cututtukan gastrointestinal na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, na ciki na ciki tare da karuwar mugunya, cutar coagulation jini, thrombophlebitis, amsawar rashin lafiyan a cikin yanayin huhu, ƙaiƙayi, kumburi, gazawar numfashi. Abubuwan da ke haifar da sakamako masu illa na iya faruwa a cikin irin waɗannan alamu: tashin zuciya, amai, amai, amai, amai. Idan aka gano su, ya kamata ka daina shan magani da likita.

Aikace-aikacen a cikin ilimin magunguna da kuma maganin gargajiya

Menene amfani da plantain officinalis a cikin aikin likita na gargajiya da kuma maganin gargajiya? A cikin kantin magani zaka iya siyan magunguna daga wannan ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa. Amma zaka iya dafa kayan kwalliya, infusions, tincture na giya, ruwan 'ya'yan itace a gida.

Decoction da jiko

Wasu fasalolin aikace-aikacen:

• A decoction na inflorescences ne mai kyau painkiller, da sauri sauƙaƙe na hanji colic, ciki cramps.
• Amfani da tushe daga tushen ana amfani dashi azaman maganin kashe zafi, maganin antitumor, yana da tasiri ga sanyi da tarin fuka.
• Idan an kara nettle zuwa jiko na ganye na plantain, za a sami wakili mai ƙarfi hemostatic (sun bugu ciki tare da basur, igiyar ciki, hanci).
• ,Arfin, infusions mai ƙarfi ana amfani da su a waje, ana amfani da raunuka, bi da raunuka.

Shiri na jiko na plantain

1. Zuba gilashin ruwan zãfi.
2. Nace 2 hours.

Inauki cikin baƙin ciki don 2 tbsp. l Minti 30 kafin abinci. Jiko yana da amfani ga cututtukan ciki, kumburin ciki, kumburi hanji, da kuma cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da na huhu.

Shiri na kayan zaki

1. 1auki 1 tbsp. l bushe ganye.
2. Zuba gilashin ruwan zãfi.
3. Nace rabin sa'a.
4. Iri.

Za a iya bugu a sha a cikin babban sashi - ¼ kofin sau 4 a rana.

Shiri na tincture

1. 2auki 2 guda na yankakken ganye.
2. Zuba 1 vodka.
3. Shake da kyau.
4. Nace makonni 3 a cikin akwati gilashi.
5. Iri.

Ana ɗaukar kayan aiki a cikin ƙananan allurai - 1 tsp. kafin abinci. Rage saukar karfin jini, yana daidaita matakan hormonal, yana dakatar da zubar jini na cikin mahaifa.

Ruwan Juice da Fusoshin Lafiya

Ruwan lemo yana nufin wakili na kwayar cuta. Yana iya dakatar da ci gaban kamuwa da kwayar cuta a matakin farko. Yana yaƙi da staphylococcus, streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli. Hakanan yana ba da sakamako mai warkarwa mai ƙarfi, yana dakatar da ayyukan purulent, yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar girma da haɓaka nama. Recipes na ruwan 'ya'yan itace plantain tare da farin kwai - sanannen magani don ƙonewa. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ɗumi tare da gruel zuwa raunuka da rauni.

Shirye-shiryen wani cakuda sabo ne mai son ɗanɗano

1. 3auki 3 tbsp. l shredded sabo ganye tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
2. 3ara 3 tbsp. l zuma.
3. Sanya a cikin rufaffiyar akwati.
4. Nace a cikin wani wurin dumi 4 hours.

1auki 1 tbsp. cokali rabin sa'a kafin abinci, a wanke da ruwa. Ana ɗaukar kayan aiki don yin rigakafi da magani daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Topically amfani da nau'i na lotions.

Cooking Corup Syrup

1. A kai daidai rabbai da sabo sabo ganye da sukari.
2. Sanya kayan a cikin kwalba na haifuwa a cikin yadudduka.
3. Ruwan an rufe shi da nace syrup 2 a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi.
4. Ana adana syrup mai kwalliya a cikin firiji.

1auki 1 tsp. sau uku a rana.

Abin da taimaka jiko na plantain tsaba? Yana aiki azaman taushi, rufe ido, maganin kashe kumburi. Mafi mahimmancin abu a cikin tsaba shine gamsai.Yana da amfani mai amfani akan tsarin na numfashi, da kuma tsarin narkewar abinci, da kan tsarin haihuwa. Yana da kyau a sha tare da tari, basur, maƙarƙashiya, gout, musamman tare da ciwon sukari. Abin lura ne cewa daga basur, jiko na tsaba ya bugu sanyi. Yaya kuma ake amfani da tsaba?

• Plantain tsaba don rasa haihuwa. Kayan aiki yana shafar samar da kwayoyin halittar mace da kuma daidaita yanayin haila. An wajabta shi don rasa haihuwa saboda matsalar rashin ƙwayar mahaifa.
• Plantain tsaba ga maza. An wajabta su a hade tare da wasu ganyayyaki don rasa haihuwa. Tsaba suna kara yawan maniyyi. Ainihin jiyya yana da tsawo.
• Lokacin tari. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin cakuda da ganyayyaki, amma don sakamako mafi girma, an shirya jiko na zuriya ɗaya.
• Aikace-aikacen waje. Gruel daga steamed tsaba ana amfani dashi ga raunuka da wuraren da aka shafa na fata.

Ana shirya kayan ado iri

1. 1auki 1 tbsp. l iri.
2. Zuba ½ kofin ruwan zãfi.
3. Riƙe cikin wanka na ruwa na mintina 5.
4. Nace har sai sanyi.

Tace kafin amfani, sha 2 tbsp. l kafin kowane abinci. Hakanan ana bada shawara a sha farar mara lafiya tare da tsaba a safiya da maraice. Yana taimaka tare da maƙarƙashiya, daidaita al'ada narkewa, kawar da bloating da cramping tare da colitis.

Ciki

A lokacin daukar ciki, an yarda da kayan ado da infusions na plantain, tsire-tsire masu magani ba ya haifar da haɗari ga ci gaban tayin. An wajabta ciyawa a ciki da waje domin irin wadannan cututtukan da alamomin:

• cututtukan kumburi daga tsarin na huhu, sanyi, SARS, tari,
• narkewa, maƙarƙashiya (yawanci suna fama da mata masu juna biyu),
• cututtuka na narkewa kamar,
• a waje don maganin fata da ƙwayoyin mucous.

Dole ne mu manta game da contraindications na gaba daya. Mata masu juna biyu masu saurin kamuwa da cututtukan gastrointestinal, thrombophlebitis, da kuma cututtukan da ke sanya jini ta hana haihuwa. Tattaunawa tare da likita kafin amfani don kowane alama ana buƙatar.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na plantain da contraindications an san su ba kawai a cikin mutane ba, har ma an bayyana su dalla-dalla a cikin ilimin kimiyya. Abin da ya kamata ku sani game da plantain? Wannan ba kawai maganin rigakafi mai ƙarfi ba ne kawai tare da warkarwa na rauni da kaddarorin hemostatic. Hakanan ingantacciyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, expectorant, rufe fuska, maganin antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, sedative.

Akwai kusan nau'ikan 250 na plantain, wanda ana samunsu kusan ko'ina, sai dai wurare da yawa na wurare masu zafi.

Plantain wata itaciya ce mai yaduwa, sananne ne saboda daɗaɗɗen hancin 'yar ganye mai laushi tare da faffadar jijiyoyin gwal da fure mai kauri a kan mai tushe. Plantain yana girma a gefen tituna, wanda shine dalilin da yasa wannan shuka ta sami suna. Loveaunar Psyllium akan hanyoyi ba daidaituwa bane: a cikin kaka, lokacin da tsaba suka riga sun girma, yawan danshi yana sa su zama mai ɗorewa, don haka an rarraba dubban tsaba tare da ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafa da ƙafafun motocin.

Sunan Latin don plantain - plantago - ya fito ne daga kalmomin planta - ƙafa, ƙafa da agere - don motsawa, kai tsaye. An dame shi har ƙasa, ganyen duniyoyin yayi kama da alamar keɓe tafin tafin kafa. Yana da wani suna wanda ya rayu a Turai har zuwa tsararru na tsakiya - "Arnogloss" - harshen tumaki - har ma da siffar ganye. Sunan Jamusanci don plantain ana fassara shi azaman namu, amma Ingilishi da Faransanci sun aro shi daga Latin. Amma plantain ba shine kawai wannan sunan ba, ana kuma kiranta matafiyi, matafiyi, mai ginin hanya, da duk wasu sunaye suna da alaƙa da kayanta na magani: mai yanke rauni, mai rauni (rauni warkarwa), mai yanke, ciyawa mai tafasa, har ma da farko kallo baƙon abu ne - "kaka" (ma'ana tsohuwa ce mai sihiri).

Ba kowane nau'in plantain iri daya bane kamar yadda muka saba babban plantain , wanda, a zahiri, kowa yana ɗaukar wani shiri na yau da kullun.

Plantain yana da matukar rikitarwa. Plantain yana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun mutane, a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motoci saboda ganyayyakinsa suna da matukar ƙarfi, kuma ban da, wasu lokuta ana matsa su a ƙasa.Ganyen plantain suna sananniyar ganuwa. Daga sama suna ganin kamar suna bacin rai, kuma daga ƙasa suna haɓaka sama saman takardar. Ya danganta da ganyen ganyen wannnan veins a cikin guntun sandar daga 3 zuwa 7, domin wani lokacin ana kiran wannan ginin mai shinge bakwai. Kayawar jijiyoyi suna aiki kamar ƙarfafa, suna ba da babbar takardar ƙarfi, ba tare da hakan ba zai iya rayuwa ƙarƙashin kafafu da ƙafafun ƙafa. Ganjiyoyin suna da karfi sosai lokacin da takardar ta tsage, aka cire su, za a gan su a fili inda takardar ta fashe.

A rana mai zafi, nemo sandar a hanya kuma a hankali ta ɗaga ganye. A ƙasa busasshiyar ƙasa mai bushe-bushe, kuma a ƙarƙashin ganyen plantain akwai sanyi, damɓa. Haɗe ƙasa, ganyen plantain ba wai kawai kare kansu daga masu wucewa ba ne, har ma suna kiyaye danshi mai tsada sosai akan hanyoyi. Abin da ya sa plantain yakan yi girma a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren bushewa, inda sauran ganye masu yawa basa yin tushe. Bugu da kari, ganye da aka matse suna hana germination na wasu sauran tsirrai kusa da plantain, wanda zai iya "nutsar dashi". Plantain petioles suna da tsagi mai zurfi, kuma gefuna na ganyayyaki ba su da yawa a sama sama da ƙasa. Raɓa da ruwa wanda yake tattarawa a kansu lokacin ruwan sama yana saukar da ƙofofin ɓarna zuwa cikin “gutter” na itacen kuma yana kwarara kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro.

A farkon lokacin bazara, dabbobin kibiya za su tashi sama da ganyen plantain. A saman kowane irin wannan kibiya - ƙananan, ƙananan furanni, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin kunkuntar spikelet. Dukansu basu da ma'amala, kuma babu istigfari a cikin su. Jirgin ruwa da iska ke gurbata shi ta hanyar iska da kwari, wanda ke jawo yawan adadin pollen a jikin magudan Lilac na wannan shuka.

Plantain yana da girma - inji shine biennial, shine, a farkon shekarar yana bada rosettes kawai, kuma bayan fure ya mutu. An rarraba Plantain a duk faɗin duniya, ana samun shi a kowane wuraren da mutane suka tafi. Bangarorin banda yankuna ne masu tsauri inda yake tsiro kawai a bakin rafin kogunan ruwa da tafkunan ban ruwa, da kuma wuraren Arewacin Far. Babban plantain da aka kawo daga Turai zuwa Amurka, inda kafin hakan ba shi bane. A can ne ya karɓi sunan Pale Face daga Indiyawan, saboda ya samo asali ne daga wannan nahiya akan takalifofin masu nasara na Turai.

An adana tsaba mai jurewa a cikin akwatuna masu ƙaramin kwai. Lokacin da akwatin ya cika, murfin ya fashe kuma tsaba ya zube ƙasa. Dogo mai tsayi, mai taushi sosai, tana juyawa ƙarƙashin iska ko daidaitawa daga ƙarƙashin masu wucewa-ta, watsar da ƙananan, har zuwa tsayi 1 mm, tsinkayen launin ruwan kasa ta fuskoki daban-daban. A cikin abubuwan bawo daga cikin zurfin plantain akwai sel mucous wadanda suke yaduwa a cikin ruwa, fashe da lokacin farin ciki, gamsai mai hade da sandar zuwa dunkulen kasa, kafafu, kafafu da kafafunda zuriyarsu ke tafiya.

A cikin ciyawar a cikin ciyara akwai jinsuna daban - plantain lanceolate . Wannan nau'in ya samo sunan shi daga siffar ganyen. Suna kama da lancet - tsohuwar wuka tiyata, yanzu ana kiranta fatar. Ganyen lanceolate plantain, sai dai mafi tsufa, basa birgima a ƙasa, kawai zasu sami isasshen sarari a cikin ciyawar. Ana nuna su zuwa sama, kamar scalpels da aka saka a gilashi. Spikelet na lanceolate plantain gajere ne, cylindrical ko burushi, 0.5 zuwa 7 cm tsayi akan doguwar furrowed, m. Akwai tsaba biyu kawai a cikin akwati.Wannan ana amfani da wannan plantain ɗin iri ɗaya da babba.

A cikin yankuna, an sami tsakiyar Rasha da Caucasus matsakaici matsakaici . Daga babba, wanda yayi kama da shi, ya bambanta da ganyen fitsarin da kuma nau'in kunne.

Plantain ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin magungunan gargajiya da magungunan kimiyya. Kuma matasa ganyen wannan shuka za a iya ƙara wa salatin ruwan tumatir na bazara.

Hanyoyin warkarwa . Shirye-shiryen Psyllium suna da anti-mai kumburi, maganin rigakafi, warkarwa mai rauni, expectorant, hemostatic da kuma matsakaici rage tasirin hawan jini.

Ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen sabo na plantain an wajabta shi don maganin cututtukan gastritis, ciwan peptic da ulcer tare da ƙananan acidity na ruwan' ya'yan itace na ciki. Yana rage ko kawar da jin zafi a cikin ciki, inganta ci, yana ƙara yawan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki. An inganta tasirinsa na warkewa cikin mawuyacin cuta da kumburin ciki da ƙananan hanji. An kafa shi cewa ruwan 'ya'yan itace da shirye-shiryen da aka yi dashi suna da tasirin antimicrobial dangane da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta (staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, da sauransu). saboda haka, ana samun nasarar amfani dasu don kula da raunin raunuka, raunuka, ƙuguna, ƙurji da fistulas.

Jiko na ganyen plantain yana haɓaka aikin aiki na epithelium na ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki, yana ƙara ɓoyewa da fitarwa daga cikin gamsai na hanji, yana da tasirin expectorant, yana rage tari.

Contraindications . Hyperacid gastritis, ciwon ciki tare da babban acidity, tsinkayar jini zuwa thrombosis.

Siffofin Sashi, Sashi da Gudanarwa . Don samun ruwan 'ya'yan itace a gida, an yanke ganyayyaki tare da wani yanki na rike, an wanke shi sosai a cikin ruwan da yake gudana mai sanyi, an ba shi damar magudana, zazzage shi da ruwan zãfi, ya wuce ta ɗanyen nama kuma ya matse ta cikin nama mai ɗaci. A cikin yanayin zafi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai gani ne, lokacin farin ciki. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a gauraya shi da ruwa 1: 1. Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka samo yana tafasa don minti 1-3. 1auki 1 tablespoon sau 4 a rana don mintina 15-20 kafin cin abinci. Kamfanin masana'antar magunguna ne ke samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace wanda aka shirya

Ana amfani da ganyayyaki masu zafi don magance ƙonewa, raunuka na purulent da boils. An wanke su da kyau, a yanka tare da reza ko wuka, dage farawa da yawa yadudduka kan shafa fata da gyarawa tare da bandeji. An canza suturar ta sau 3-4 a rana, tare da konewa - bayan sa'o'i 1-1.5. An yi amfani da ganyayyaki masu bushe a cikin ruwan zafi.

Don shirya jiko, 1 tablespoon na yankakken ganye ganye an zuba tare da gilashin 1 ruwan zãfi, nace na mintina 15 kuma tace. 1auki 1 tablespoon sau 3 a rana kafin abinci.

Lokacin girbin Psyllium da bushewa . Don dalilai na magani, ana amfani da ganyayyaki plantain. Ana girbe kayan raw a cikin furen furanni a watan Mayu - Agusta har sai an fara rawaya ko kuma rage yawan ganye. A cikin shekaru tare da rigar, lokacin bazaar mai ɗumi, zaka iya aiwatar da tarin abubuwa iri guda a cikin ganyayyaki. A kan hayfields, tarin kayan albarkatun ƙasa na yiwuwa a watan Agusta-Satumba. Lokacin girbi, ana yanke ganyayyaki tare da wuƙa ko sikila, tare da ƙananan ragowar petioles. Tare da girbin da ya dace, ana iya amfani da irin wannan takaddun don shekaru da yawa, saboda a cikin shekara ta 3-4 na rayuwa, tsirrai galibi ke mutuwa. Ba a yarda da shirye-shiryen ganyen da ke gurbata da kwari da cututtuka ba, musamman mildew powdery, ba a yarda. Ba za ku iya yankan mashigar ba, wannan yana haifar da saurin lalacewa daga cikin ɓangaran. An ba da shawarar a tattara ganye bayan ruwan sama idan sun bushe. Lokacin girbin albarkatun kasa, ya zama dole a bar wani ɓangaren samfuran ƙwarewa don haifuwa. An bushe a cikin iska a inuwa ko a bushewa a zazzabi na 40-50 ° C. Rayuwar shiryayye na ganye da ciyawa shine shekaru 2. Kamshin kayan masarufi bashi da ƙarfi, ɗanɗano ya daci kaɗan.

Abun hadewar kemikal . Plantain ciyawa ya ƙunshi gamsai, abubuwa masu ɗaci, carotene, bitamin C da K, citric acid, wasu tannins, da aucubine glycoside. Tsaba suna da kusan 44% gamsai.

Babban Plantain (Plantago manyan L. s.l.)

Bayanin bayyanar:
Furanni : Bramy filmy, adana, ovate ko elliptical, a matsakaici daidai yake da calyx. Kal din (calyx) bangare hudu ne, sepals 1.5-2.5 mm ne, yayi kama da irin takalmin. Furanni masu ƙananan, ba a sanya su ba. Corolla membranous, brownish, yana da bututun silima da reshe huɗu; ƙyallen sa ba su da tsallakewa, ana iya sunkuyar da shi ƙasa.
Bar : Duk ganye a cikin mashigar tushen.Ganyen suna da fadi-kore, har zuwa 20 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 10 cm fadi, tare da dogayen petioles da kwalliyar jijiyoyin da aka zana da kyau akan ganyen ganye, galibi dandazo ko kuma dan kadan suna aiki, tare da karin hakora wadanda ake iya gani a gindin ganyen.
Tashi : 10-30 cm.
Tushen : Tare da gajeriyar rhizome da lobe na farin asalinsu.
'Ya'yan itãcen : Ƙwai-mai siffa (ƙasa da galibi kusan mai sihiri). Kowane akwati ya ƙunshi tsaba 34.
Tsaba : Smallarami, kusan 1 mm tsayi, mara nauyi, galibi.
Yana blooms daga Yuni zuwa kaka, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen daidai da a lokuta daban-daban, fara a Yuli.
Tsawon rayuwa: Perennial shuka.
Habitat: Babban plantain yana tsiro a cikin wuraren ɓarna, ƙauyuka, kan filin da hanyoyi na daji, tare da gefen filayen, a cikin lambuna, lambuna, a cikin ciyawa, gefuna, daɗi.
Tsira: Babban plantain - wani nau'in halitta mai yaduwa a duk yankuna na Eurasia, kuma an haɗa shi a cikin sauran nahiyoyi. A Rasha an samo shi ko'ina cikin ƙasa. A Tsakiya ta Rasha, inji ne na yau da kullun a duk yankuna.

Tsarin Duniya (Plantago media L.)

Bayanin bayyanar:
Furanni : Kibiyoyi na fure, suna hawa sama, suna mai daure kai a gindi, mashin sama sama tare da guga man. An tattara furanni a cikin mayuka mai girman bakin ciki-kunnuwa 2-6 (8) tsayi cm cm braafarorin suna ovate, mai laushi, filmy a gefuna, daidai ko kusan daidai yake da ƙarancin calyx. Sepals (huɗu daga gare su) suna elliptical, filmy, tare da keɓaɓɓen ciyawa keel. Abubuwan da suke amfani da corolla masu girma hudu ba su da tsayi, har zuwa tsawon 2 mm, tsinkaye, mai haske.
Bar : Bar a cikin basal rosette, tsayin su shine 4-20 cm, girman su 2-8 cm, suna elliptical ko ovoid, dan kadan nuna, tare da jijiyoyin 7-9, duka ko dan kadan serrated, yawanci pubescent (musamman daga ƙasa), kunkuntar ga gajeren gajere petiole ko kusan abin bakin ciki (amma a cikin inuwa siffofin petioles na iya zama ya fi guntu fiye da farantin).
Tashi : 15-50 cm.
Tushen : Tare da tushe mai tushe.
'Ya'yan itãcen : Kayan kwalliya masu kwalliya, a cikin kowane ɗayansu daga tsaba 2 zuwa 5.
Frowa a kan lokaci da 'ya'yan itace: Yana blooms daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen daidai da a lokuta daban-daban, fara a watan Yuni.
Tsawon rayuwa: Perennial shuka.
Habitat: Yana girma a cikin ciyara, steppes, glades, gefukan daji, a cikin gandun daji sparse, a kan hanyoyi.
Tsira: Ra'ayin Eurasi. Plantain na tsakiya a cikin ƙasarmu yana da yawa a cikin ɓangaren Turai (ciki har da a Tsakiyar Rasha an samo shi a duk yankuna, na kowa) da kuma ko'ina cikin Yammaci da Gabas Siberiya.
Arin: A cikin steppes, a kan makiyaya bushe, busassun farin ciki na tsiri na chernozem na Tsakiyar Rasha, kuma zuwa arewa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, mafi yawa a matsayin mai share hanya tare da hanyoyi, akwai wani irin tallafin na tsakiyar plantain - Plantago kafofin watsa labarai L. subsp. stepposa (Kuprian.) Soo, wanda yanzu aka fi son shi a matsayin jinsin musamman - Plantain Urvillea, ko steppe (Plantago urvillei Opiz). Lokaci ne mai tsayi tare da tsayi na 25-70 cm. Ya bambanta da na halitta plantain na tsakiyar wanda ke da kunkuntar ganye - lanceolate ko kunkuntar-lanceolate, 2.5-5 sau tsayi fiye da fadi (a tsakiyar plantain - suna sau 2-2.5 tsawon tsayi), tare da petioles kusan daidai yake da farantin (kuma idan ya fi guntu, to, ba sau 2-3 ba), kafa (kuma ba hawa) kibiyoyi na fure da kuma inflorescences-kunun alkama mafi girma daga 6 zuwa 12 (20) cm.

Mafi girman plantain (Plantago maxima Juss. Ex Jacq.)

Bayanin bayyanar:
Furanni : Kowane tsire yana da 1 zuwa 9 kafa, pubescent, kibiyoyi mai gudana. Suna ƙare da wani lokacin farin ciki inflorescences-kunnuwa tare da furanni cike da cunkoson jama'a. Bracts oblong-ovate, yin fim tare da gefuna, da ɗan gajere fiye da sepals. Ana kiyaye Sepals, ba za'a iya gudanar da shi ba. Corolla azurfa-fari, tare da nuna m lobes.
Bar : Ganyayyaki suna da faɗi, ovate, m daga gashin da aka matse, musamman daga ƙasa, lokacin farin ciki, tare da jijiyoyin 9-13, duka ko ba a ganni ba, tare da tsatstsurar ƙwayoyin polales, semicircular a sashe.
Tashi : 30-60 cm.
Tushen : Tare da tushe mai kauri.
'Ya'yan itãcen : oblong-ovate capsules, a cikin kowane ɗayansu ƙwararru huɗu.
Frowa a kan lokaci da 'ya'yan itace: Yana blooms a watan Mayu da Yuli, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen a lokuta daban-daban, fara a watan Yuni.
Tsawon rayuwa: Perennial shuka.
Habitat: Yana girma a cikin ciyawar makiyaya, a cikin talafin talauci, a cikin mazaunan solonetzic.
Tsira: Ra'ayin Eurasi. A cikin ƙasarmu, ana rarraba shi a ƙarshen rabin ɓangaren Turai, Ciscaucasia, a kudancin Siberiya zuwa Transbaikalia. A Tsakiyar Rasha an samo shi a cikin yankin chernozem.
Arin: Ba a samun irin wannan plantain, wanda ba a san shi sosai ba a Tsakiyar Rasha, Plantain Kornuta (Plantago cornuti Gouan) da wuya a samu a cikin yankunan Yaroslavl, Lipetsk, Penza, Voronezh. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire tare da tsayin 7 zuwa 70 cm, tare da kibiyoyi 1-5, ya wuce ganyayyaki. Ganyen yana da kauri, fadi da yawa, ovate, tare da jijiyoyin 5-7, gaba-ɗayan, tare da dogayen petioles. Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da mafi girma daga plantain ta hanyar inflorescences-kunnuwa, mai yawa mai yawa a saman, amma ba kasada ba a ƙasa, tare da furanni da aka shirya da gefuna sau 2-2.5 kaɗan da calyx.

Plantain lanceolate (Plantago lanceolata L.)

Bayanin bayyanar:
Furanni : Kibiyoyi masu haifar da fure-furrowed, suna ƙarewa cikin gajeren zango mai ƙarewa ko kunnuwa-siliki-kunnuwa. Bracts suna membranous, tare da keel mai ciyawa, tsallake ko tsinkaye, nuna. Aljani mai dauke da sepals guda membranous, wanda bangarorin biyu na ciki sun girma tare da sikeli biyu mai cike da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi biyu ko launin shuɗi, don haka wannan adadi yana da ƙima uku. Corolla na yau da kullun, membranous, tare da reshe na huɗu, lobes ovate ko oblong-ovate, nuna. Kimanin mm 12 mm.
Bar : Bar a cikin wani muhimmin rosette, pubescent, duka ko dan kadan dentate, tare da 3-7 veins, lanceolate ko linear-lanceolate, 4-15 cm tsawo da 0.5-2 cm fadi, nuna, kunkuntar cikin dogon petiole tare da suru
Tashi : 20-50 cm.
Tushen : Tare da tushe mai tushe, tare da sikelin kusa da wuya.
'Ya'yan itãcen : Elliptical biyu-kusoshi kusoshi game da 3 mm tsawo.
Tsaba : Taro a gefe guda kuma ya tsage a gefe guda.
Frowa a kan lokaci da 'ya'yan itace: Yana blooms a watan Mayu da Yuli, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen, fara a watan Yuni.
Tsawon rayuwa: Perennial shuka.
Habitat: Plantain lanceolate yana girma a cikin wuraren kiwo, bayyane, gefuna, hanyoyi, wurare masu ban dariya.
Tsira: Eurasian jinsunan, gabatar da naturalized a cikin yankuna da dama na Afirka, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. A Rasha, ana rarrabawa ko'ina a cikin yankin Turai, a cikin Caucasus ta Arewa da kuma kudu maso yamma yammacin Siberia. A Tsakiyar Russia, ana samun lanceolate a cikin kowane yanki, gama gari.

Mai tallafin jirgin sama (Plantago maritima L.)

Bayanin bayyanar:
Furanni : Yawancin lokaci kibiyoyi ne masu yawa, daga pubescent densely (tare da gashin da aka guga sama) zuwa kusan gashi. Inflorescences suna da yawan gaske, ovate ko cylindrical kunkuntar. Bracts suna lanceolate, ovate ko manyan-ovate, kaifi ko mai kaɗaici, yin fim tare da gefuna, wani lokacin ma a tsare. Calwaƙwalwa na huɗun kabari huɗu, ƙwararriyar ƙwararraki ko ƙwararraki, filmy, tare da keel ɗin da aka ƙayyade, gajeren ciliate tare da gefuna, ƙanƙara ko ƙwanƙwasa a baya, 2-2.5 (3) mm mai tsayi. Corolla na yau da kullun, bed-lobed, fim, tsirara ko tare da bututun ƙarfe da ƙarancin cilia a gefen gefuna masu ɓoye.
Bar : Duk ganye a cikin mashigar tushen. Su ne layi-layi ko lanceolate, fleshy, glabrous, m sau da yawa dan kadan pubescent, wani lokacin grooved, yawanci duka-gefe, amma na iya zama rauni serrated.
Tashi : 15-60 cm.
Tushen : Tare da pivotal, sau da yawa tushen-kai tushe.
'Ya'yan itãcen : Osu-oblong capsules, a kowane ɗayansu yawanci biyu lebur-convex tsaba.
Tsaba : Har zuwa 2.5 mm tsayi.
Frowa a kan lokaci da 'ya'yan itace: Yana blooms a watan Yuni-Yuli, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen, fara a Yuli.
Tsawon rayuwa: Perennial shuka.
Habitat: Ya kan girma a cikin tsiran gishiri, gishiri, maɓarnar gishiri, fashewar ƙasa da alli.
Tsira: Yankin tsire-tsire ya mamaye yankuna da yawa na Arewacin Hemisphere, kazalika da yankuna na Kudancin Amurka.A cikin ƙasarmu, ana rarraba shi a ɓangaren Turai, Ciscaucasia, Dagestan da kuma a kudancin Siberiya. A tsakiyar Rasha, ana samunsa a Tambov, Penza, Lipetsk, Kursk, Voronezh, kuma ana yin rikodin shi a wasu yankuna ta hanyar gabatarwar.
Arin: A cikin yankuna na Lipetsk, Tambov, Voronezh, akwai wani nau'in plantain tare da ganyen layin katako. Wannan itace tsiro ce mai shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara a Rasha mai tsayi daga cm 3 zuwa 20. Ganyayyaki suna da ɗan fari. Inflorescence ne guda apical wajen sako-sako da spikelet. Corolla tsirara, da lobes kafa, kaifi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sune capsules, a cikin kowane ɗayansu akwai tsaba takwas. Yana fure a cikin Mayu da Yuli. Ya kan tsiro a kan gishirin gishiri, daɗaɗɗen gishiri, fashewar gishiri da yankan yanka a cikin yankuna.

Roft Plantain (Plantago scabra Moench)

Bayanin bayyanar:
Furanni : Akwai da yawa inflorescences; sun kawo karshen duka babban tushe da kuma mafi rassa. Inflorescences suna da bayyanar gajere ko kuma mai sihiri mai hawa biyu, masu fure-fure, wanda furannin suke shirya sosai. Braarfashin ƙarfe biyu na tushe a ƙwanƙolin fanko ne, ba su da yawa, suna da ƙima mai sauƙin girma, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwalla akan fitsari, ragowar bracts suna membranous ko scapular, gashin girar a baya, cikakke suma a gefuna. Calyx game da tsawon mm 4, tsawo biyu sepals obovate, obtuse, biyu na gaba ovaries - ovate-lanceolate, m, dan kadan kiyaye. Corolla tube pubescent, lobes ovate-lanceolate, m.
Bar : Bar kishiyar, mikakke, kunkuntar (kawai 5 mm fadi), wani lokacin glandular pubescent.
Tashi : 10-30 cm.
Stalk : Ya bambanta da duk matsakaicin nau'in tsiro na Rasha, wanda aka san shi da ƙananan kibiya mai sauƙi-ganye, ganye mai laushi mai tushe da kuma gajerun harbe a cikin axils na ganye.
'Ya'yan itãcen : Manyan manya-manyan kwalliya-mai tsinkaye biyu game da tsawon mm mm 2.5.
Tsaba : Brownish-baki, m, convex a gefe ɗaya kuma an yi tsagi akan ɗayan.
Frowa a kan lokaci da 'ya'yan itace: Yana blooms a watan Yuni-Agusta, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen a Yuli-Satumba.
Tsawon rayuwa: Itace shekara.
Habitat: Yana girma a kan sands bude, a bakin bankunan kogi, akan tsiran dutse, fashewar farar ƙasa da alli, a kan hanyoyi.
Tsira: Ra'ayin Eurasi. A Tsakiyar Rasha ana samun ta a duk yankuna, kudu da Kogin Oka sau da yawa, arewa galibi azzamin maraƙi, lokaci-lokaci.
Arin: Ba ya wadatarwa.

Plantago, yadu ko'ina cikin duniya, ciyawa ce mai ɗorewa daga iyalin Psyllium. A wurare da yawa, ana ɗaukar shirin itacen fure, amma ana kuma san halayen magunguna.

Kimanin nau'ikan dozin uku na wannan shuka suna girma akan yankin ƙasarmu. Shahararrun tsoffin perennials: Plantain babba da matsakaici, Plantain lanceolate.

Theungiyar ta fi son ta zauna tare da hanyoyi da hanyoyi (sunan Rasha na kai tsaye yana nuna wannan fasalin), a cikin ɓaraun daji, cikin makiyaya da kuma gefen gandun daji mai lalacewa.

Ban sha'awa . Turawan mulkin mallaka na shigo da su da ke da daftarin plantain a takalmin takalmin. Har yanzu Indiyawa suna kiran plantain - "asalin wani farin mutum."

Tushen plantain yayi gajarta da kauri, densely an rufe shi da kananan tsotsa asalinsu. Ganyen suna da launin kore mai haske, m ko elongated, an rufe shi da jijiyoyin jini a jikin shimfidar. Suna girma a cikin muhimmin Rosal. Tsayayya da tarko.

Plantain furanni sune ƙananan farin-launin fari, densely located a kan babban (har zuwa 70 cm) peduncle, a cikin hanyar murfin silima. Flowering na faruwa a duk lokacin bazara, tsaba sun girma a watan Satumba. A kan kowace shuka, za a iya tarwatsa tsaba fiye da dubu 50, a rufe a cikin kwalaye masu siffa 10 na 14.

Tsarin shuka yana yaduwa ta zuriya, wanda, tare da tsinkaye mai kaifi, ya jingina ga tufafi da takalmin wucewa ta mutane ko ga dabbobi. Saboda haka, ƙwayar plantain ta watsu a cikin nesa mai nisa.

Iri plantain na girma a cikin kasarmu:

Labarin ya gabatar da hotunan plantain don binciko shuka.

Abun hadewar kemikal

Abubuwan da ke tattare da arziki na shuka sunyi bayani gamsassun magungunan magani. A cikin sashin sama na plantain ya ƙunshi:

• Vitamin C
• Vitamin K
• carotenoids
• citric acid
• oleic acid
• zaren
• karinnarini,
• choline
• abubuwan ganowa: selenium, cobalt, Fe, magnesium, K, zinc, alli, Mn, nickel, chromium, selenium, barium.

Plantain tsaba suna da amfani ba ƙasa da ganye ba. Sun ƙunshi amino acid, gamsai, furotin, saponins.

Tarin kayan rak

Ana shirya ganyen taurari a duk lokacin rani - daga Mayu zuwa Agusta. Zai yiwu na biyu yankan na overgrown ganye. Zabi matasa, ba lalace ganye, ba tare da yellowing. An yanke su tare da petioles, rawanin kuma an suturta su da scythe.

Mahimmanci! Haramun ne a tara plantain kusa da hanyoyi da hanyoyin jirgin kasa, filayen ruwa da kamfanonin masana'antu.

Ba za ku iya yanke duk ganye a daji ba, don haka plantain na iya mutuwa. Auki leavesan ganye kawai daga kowace shuka. Zai fi kyau a tattara ganyen da safe, da zaran raɓa ta bushe, ko bayan ruwan sama.

Albarkatun da aka yanka suna bushe a cikin inuwa ko a bushewa na lantarki a zazzabi da basa wuce +50. Yana adana kayan ƙura a cikin jaka na farin kaya ko kwantena na gilashi, a cikin bushe da duhu, babu sama da shekaru 2.

Takaici jiko . A kan 1 tbsp. spoonful na crushed dried ganyen plantain, kai 2 kofuna waɗanda ruwan zãfi. Ciyawar an suturta kuma nace tsawon rabin sa'a. A kai rauni jiko na 1 tbsp. cokali sau da yawa a rana.

Ruwan 'ya'yan itace don ulcers da gastritis . Ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka samo daga ganyen ganyen plantain yana narkewa a cikin ruwa mai ruwa (1 tbsp. L. Ga gilashin na uku) kuma an ɗauki mintina 15 kafin abinci, sau uku a rana. Hanyar magani shine wata 1. Ruwan juice na da amfani don shafa fuska bayan an yi wanka, don magance kuraje.

Ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da zuma daga mashako . Haɗa samfuran daidai gwargwado kuma tafasa cakuda na minti 20 akan zafi kadan. Chiauki maganin sanyi na 1 tbsp. cokali rabin sa'a kafin abinci, sau uku a rana.

Zawo gudawa . Ana shirya matsanancin shimfidar shimfidar shimfidu tare da shinge da tsaba tare da ruwan zãfi a cikin rabo kyauta, ana dafa shi na 5 - 6. Nace rabin sa'a kuma sha kamar shayi mai bayyana.

Gumbin jini da rauni . A ɗanɗana sabo, ganyen wanka mai kyau, da kuma tsawan mintuna 5 zuwa 10 a cikin bakin. Ana yin wannan hanyar har sau 5 a cikin rana.

Kira mai laushi . A cikin dare, ana amfani da sabon takarda na plantain ga masara kuma an rufe shi daure tare da jakar filastik. Da safe, ana iya cire kwandishan mai laushi.

Bazuwar . Gruel daga sabo ganye na shuka ana amfani da boils, rufe tare da bandeji.

A cikin cosmetology, ruwan 'ya'yan itace plantain, wanda aka gauraya da zuma da man shanu (duka ana ɗaukar su daidai gwargwado), ana amfani dashi don taushi da sanyaya fata na hannu.

Decoanyen tsire-tsire ne ke shafa gashi bayan an yi wanka. Hanyar tana ƙarfafawa kuma tana ƙarfafa gashi.

Bayanin Plantain

Sunan ta biyu na plantain shine “aboki abokin zama bakwai” saboda tsinkayen jijiyarsa a jikin ganye da kuma hanyoyin barin iri a jikin mutane da gashin dabbobi.

Ana samun Plantain a cikin nau'i na tsirrai guda ɗaya, lokaci-lokaci a cikin nau'in shrubs. Akwai nau'ikan shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara na plantain. Gaba ɗaya, akwai kusan nau'ikan 150 na wannan ciyawa. Wasu daga cikinsu ana rarrabe su kamar ciyawa.

Habitat - bangarori masu tsauri da yanayin yanayi. Ana samunsa ta hanyoyi, a cikin hanyoyi, da sandstones da kuma ciyayi.

Fom ɗin saki

Ampoules a karkashin sunayen 669, 668, 667, 666.

Lyophilized foda don maganin allurar karkara a cikin vials:

• nau'i guda na miyagun ƙwayoyi, 1 MG na kayan aiki mai aiki, cikakke tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin girman 5 ml,
• nau'i na sake amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, 2 MG na abu mai aiki a cikin kit tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin girman 5 ml ko 10 MG na abu mai aiki a cikin kit tare da sauran ƙarfi a cikin girman 10 ml.

Karatun Plantain

- grate freshly tsince ganye, Mix tare da 0.2 l na ruwa, tafasa kuma ƙara 3 tbsp. tablespoons na zuma.Auki cakuda da aka gama a cikin teaspoon sau ɗaya a awa.

- An yi amfani da ganye mai bushe don shayi: hanyar 1st - zuba 2-3 na busassun ganye tare da ruwan zãfi kuma bar don kwata awa, sha 0.2 l sau 3 a rana tare da zuma maimakon sukari, hanyar 2nd - 4 tbsp. tablespoons na bushe ganye zuba 0.5 lita, daga ruwan zãfi, nace na 1.5 hours, iri, kai 1 mako 4 sau a rana bisa ga Art. cokali.

Wani keɓaɓɓen kayan ado na ganyen babban plantain yana taimakawa tare da cututtuka na hanji, na jijiyoyi, warkar da rauni. Lokacin shirya decoction a cikin 0.2 l na ruwan zãfi, ƙara 2 tbsp. tablespoons na bushe ganye, a cikin wani tururi, kawo wa shiri (1/2 awa), sanyi, iri. Literauki lita 0.1 sau uku a rana kafin abinci. Don maganin shafawa ko rauni, jiƙa auduga ko gauze swab.