Cutar sankarau

Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai mahimmanci, wacce ke haɓaka ƙaruwar yawan sukari a cikin jini zuwa iyaka mafi girma da riƙewarta a waɗannan iyakokin na dogon lokaci. Ganowarsa na kan lokaci yana ba ku damar hana ci gaba da mummunan rikice-rikice a kan asalinsa, kuma a wasu yanayi har ma ya ceci ran mai haƙuri. Tabbas, ciwon sukari mellitus sau da yawa yakan haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar cuta, kuma samar da isasshen kula ko rashin kulawar likita na iya haifar da mutuwa. Abin da ya sa ya kamata a gudanar da binciken cutar sankarar fata nan da nan bayan mutumin yana da alamun farko na cutar, ta yadda idan aka sami mummunar lalacewa cikin walwala, shi ko danginsa za su iya ba da taimakon farko.

Nau'in farko

Yana da wani suna - insulin-dogara. Ana gano cutar ta musamman a yara da matasa masu shekaru kasa da 30. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin aikin insulin, wanda ke da alhakin aiki da canzawa da glucose a cikin kyallen da kwayoyin jikin. Tare da wannan nau'in mellitus na ciwon sukari, magani ya ƙunshi yin amfani da allurar insulin, gyara don rashi wannan kwayoyin a cikin jiki kuma tabbatar da yanayin mafi kyau duka cikin yini. Babban dalilin ci gaban nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari shine gado da gado.

Nau'i na biyu

Ana gano shi a mafi yawan mutane a cikin shekaru 30. A wannan cuta, kwayar insulin a jikin ta ya kasance iri daya, amma akwai cin zarafin sarkar sarkar dashi da sel, wanda hakan yasa yake rasa karfin jigilar glucose a cikin su. Jiyya ta ƙunshi amfani da magunguna masu rage sukari da tsaftataccen abinci. Abubuwan dake haifar da ciwon sukari na 2 sune kamar haka: kiba, yawan shan barasa, narkewar metabolism, da sauransu.

Ciwon ciki

An kwatanta shi da ƙaruwa na ɗan lokaci a cikin sukarin jini yayin tsananin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke haifar da insulin. Binciko a cikin mata masu juna biyu, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin watanni uku. Irin wannan ciwon sukari baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Bayan haihuwa, yanayin jikin zai koma daidai kuma matakan sukari na jini suna tsafta. Koyaya, idan mace tana fama da ciwon sukari a lokacin haihuwa, haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari irin na 2 a cikin jaririnta yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari 90 shine asymptomatic a cikin 90% na lokuta, don haka mafi yawan mutane ba su ma san cewa suna da cuta ba. Saboda wannan, ba su cikin sauri don ziyartar likita, kuma sun ziyarce shi a yayin da ciwon sukari ya yi tsanani kuma yana barazanar mummunan rikicewa.

A wannan halin, ana yin gwajin gwajin cutar sukari nau'in 2 ta hanyar gwajin jini. Da farko, ya kamata a yi gwajin jini don sanin matakin sukari a cikin jini. Kashe shi a kan komai a ciki da safe. Idan babu hanyoyin bincike a cikin jikin mutum, lokacin da aka gabatar da wannan bincike, ana gano matakan suga na al'ada na 4.5-5.6 mmol / l. Idan waɗannan alamomin sun wuce iyakar matsakaicin 6.1 mmol / l, to a wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar ƙarin jarrabawa, wanda zai ba da damar yin ingantaccen ganewar asali.

Baya ga gwajin jini don tantance matakin sukari a cikin jini, haka kuma marasa lafiya suna yin urinalysis don gano tarowar glucose da acetone. A yadda aka saba, waɗannan abubuwan bai kamata a ƙunshi fitsari ɗan adam ba, amma suna fitowa a cikin T2DM, kuma matakin su kai tsaye ya dogara da tsananin cutar.

Hakanan ana buƙatar gwajin haƙuri haƙuri. Ana aiwatar dashi a matakai 2. A farkon, ana ɗaukar jini da safe (a kan komai a ciki), a kan na biyu - 2 hours bayan cin abinci. Idan babu hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin jiki, matakin sukari na jini bayan cin abinci kada ya wuce 7.8 mmol / l.

Wadannan gwaje-gwaje na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 sune asali. Idan sun gano ɓarna a cikin jiki don yin cikakkiyar ganewar asali, likita ya ba da izinin ƙarin binciken.

Studyarin karatu

Tunda T2DM yawanci yana haɗuwa da rikice-rikice a cikin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da rhinopathy, ban da gwaje-gwajen jinin jini, tattaunawa tare da likitan likitan ido da kuma likitan fata yana da izini. Waɗannan ƙwararrun suna nazarin yanayin asusun da fata, kuma suna ba da shawarwari don hana ci gaba da rikitarwa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a cikin masu ciwon sukari, raunuka da raunuka masu yawa suna bayyana akan jiki, wanda yawanci yakan fara jujjuya su. Irin waɗannan yanayi suna buƙatar kulawa da likitoci na musamman, saboda sau da yawa suna haifar da buƙatar yanke ƙashin ƙafa.

Cikakken bincike game da cutar

Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai wuya wacce ba za a iya bi da ita ba. Koyaya, ba da cewa ba koyaushe ake bayyana ta bayyanar cututtuka ba, don yin cikakkiyar ganewar asali, ƙarin cikakken bincike na alamomin kuma ana buƙatar jikin mutum. A wannan yanayin, bambancin ganewar asali yana zuwa ceto.

Yana ba ku damar ba da ƙarin ƙimaitaccen ƙima game da yanayin jikin mutum ga mai haƙuri, kamar yadda ƙayyade ba wai kawai kasancewar Pathology ba, har ma da nau'inta. A wannan yanayin, likitoci suna gudanar da gwaji na asibiti a kan asalin abubuwan lura da aka yi a lokacin da ake zargi da rashin lafiya.

Ya kamata a lura cewa yayin gwaji na asibiti, ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ba ga yawan haɗuwar glucose a cikin jini ba, har zuwa matakin insulin. A cikin waɗannan yanayin lokacin da mai nuna alamar wannan hormone ya wuce ƙimar halatta, kuma matakin sukari na jini ya zauna a cikin ingantattun wurare ko ɗan ɗanɗana ya wuce al'ada, to a wannan yanayin likita yana da kowane dalili don yin bincike game da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus.

Gwaje-gwaje masu gudana don ciwon sukari da kuma lura da yanayin mai haƙuri na iya rarrabe wannan cutar daga wasu cututtukan da ke da hoto irin na asibiti. Daga cikin su akwai koda da nau'in ciwon sukari, da kuma glucosuria. Ta hanyar ƙayyade daidai da nau'in cutar, likita zai iya ba da cikakken isasshen magani, wanda zai inganta yanayin janar na haƙuri da ingancin rayuwarsa.

Ciwon sukari na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1

Nau'in nau'in ciwon sikari na 1 ana nuna shi da alamu masu tsanani, wanda ya haɗa da:

• gajiya,
• nutsuwa
• ƙishirwa da bushe baki
• matsanancin urination,
• akai ji yunwa a kan tushen aiki nauyi asara,
• raguwa cikin akidar gani,
• juyayi
• yawan canza yanayi.

Idan waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka sun faru, dole ne ku ziyarci likita kuma kuyi cikakken bincike. Amma da farko, kuna buƙatar yin bincikenku don ciwon sukari. Ana yin sa a gida ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman - glucometer. Yana bayar da tabbacin jinin suga cikin dakika. Kafin ziyarar likita (ranar da ta gabace ta), yakamata a yi wannan bincike a duk sa'oin 2-3, yin rikodin duk sakamakon binciken a cikin littafin ka’aba. A wannan yanayin, muhimmin mahimmanci shine alamar lokacin gwaje-gwajen da cin abinci (bayan cin abinci, matakin sukari na jini ya tashi kuma ya ci gaba na sa'o'i da yawa).

Yayin ganawar farko, likita shima yayi nazari da kuma yin tambayoyi ga marassa lafiya, idan ya cancanta, ya nada shawarwari na kwararrun likitocin (neurologist, ophthalmologist, etc.). Hakanan yana ƙayyade asibitin cutar - likita ya bayyana alamun haƙuri da ke dame shi, kuma ya gwada su da sakamakon gwajin, bayan haka yana iya yin binciken farko. A wannan yanayin, sharuɗɗan ganewar asali sun haɗa da kasancewar babban (classic) da ƙarin alamu.

Don fayyace shi yana buƙatar cikakken bincike. Kamar yadda yake a baya, gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje wajibi ne.

Gwaje-gwaje na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari kuma sun haɗa da:

• ƙuduri na sukari na jini
• gwaji na jini
• bincike,
• general bincike na fitsari.

Idan, gwargwadon sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, an lura da matakin sukari mai yawa na jini a kan asalin kasancewar glucose da acetone a cikin fitsari, duk alamomi don nazarin ƙwayar cutar ta bayyana. Don wannan, ana yin duban dan tayi na ƙwayar cuta da gastroenteroscopy. Wadannan hanyoyin nazarin suna ba da cikakken kimantawa game da yanayin cututtukan hanji da gano wasu rikice-rikice daga ƙwayar gastrointestinal, wanda cutar ta haifar.

Idan a cikin bincike an gano cewa ba a aiwatar da aikin samarda insulin na ciki ba, ana yin gwajin cutar sukari irin ta 1. Amma tunda wannan cuta, kamar T2DM, sau da yawa yana gudana a cikin tsari mai rikitarwa, ana gudanar da ƙarin bincike. Tattaunawar likitan likitancin likita ya zama tilas, a yayin da ake iya gano rikice-rikice daga gefen gani, wanda ke taimakawa hana ci gaba da ci gaba da makanta.

Tunda marasa lafiya da ke dauke da nau'in 1 na sukari mellitus suna da rikice-rikice na tsarin juyayi, an wajabta wa likitan ilimin neurologist. Yayin binciken mai haƙuri, likita yana amfani da wani rukunin ƙwararrun mahaifa (hammers), a cikin sa wanda yake kimanta kwantar da hankalin mai haƙuri da kuma yanayin yanayin tsarin juyayi na tsakiyarsa. Yayin taron kowane ɓarke, an tsara ƙarin magani.

Tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari mellitus, akwai ma'anar don gudanar da ECG. Tunda tare da wannan cuta an lalata tsarin abun da ke cikin jini, aikin jijiyoyin zuciya shima ya kasa. Ana ba da shawarar ECG don duk marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar T2DM ko T2DM a kowane watanni 6-10.

Idan likita yayi bincike game da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na sukari, dole ne ya nuna matakin sukari a cikin jini wanda yakamata mai haƙuri ya yi ƙoƙari, tunda wannan adadi ɗin kowa ne na kowa da kowa (ya dogara da shekaru da cututtukan da suka danganci), da kuma duk rikice-rikicen da An gano yayin bayyanar cutar.

Cutar cutar sankara na hyperglycemic coma

Hyma na hyperglycemic coma wani mummunan yanayi ne wanda ke buƙatar asibiti cikin haƙuri da gaggawa. A wannan yanayin, abin da ake kira bayyanar cututtukan jinya, an samar da tsarin wanda za'a gudanar da la'akari da alamun bayyanannin asibiti. Wadannan sun hada da:

• karancin jini
• saukar karfin zuciya,
• pallor na fata
• ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin,
• bushe fata
• rauni, nutsuwa,
• "Lafiyayyen" ido.

Bayan an kai mara lafiya zuwa sashen inpatient, sai a hanzarta bashi jini da gwajin fitsari domin sanin matakin sukari. Hankalinsa ya fi na al'ada kyau. A cikin abin da ya faru cewa mai haƙuri yana da ƙwayar cuta na gaske na hyperglycemic, to, ba za a gano sauran ɓarna a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jini da fitsari ba. Idan mai haƙuri ya inganta ƙwayar cutar ketoacitodic, a cikin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje na fitsari an gano ƙarin abun ciki na jikin ketone.

Haka kuma akwai maudu'in kamar hyperosmolar coma da hyperlactacPs coma. Dukkansu suna da hoto irin na asibiti. Banbancin ana iya lura kawai lokacin gudanar da gwaje gwaje. Don haka, alal misali, tare da hyperosmolar coma, an gano ƙaramin osmolarity plasma (fiye da 350 moso / l), kuma tare da hyperlactacPs coma, haɓaka matakin lactic acid.

Tunda coma yana da nau'ikan daban-daban, ana kuma gudanar da aikinsa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kuma a wannan yanayin, don yin ingantaccen ganewar asali, ba a buƙatar cikakken cikakken bincike. Yin gwajin jini na biochemical zai isa. Ana gudanar da cikakken nazarin ne bayan kawar da alamun rashin daidaituwa tare da daidaita matakan sukari na jini. Wannan yana ba ku damar gano abubuwan da ke faruwa kuma ku hana ci gabanta a nan gaba. A wannan yanayin, binciken ya haɗa da duk hanyoyin bincike da aka yi amfani da su don gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.

Ciwon sukari mellitus wata cuta ce mai tsananin wahala wacce take rikitar da rayuwar mai haƙuri. A farkon farkon ci gabansa, yana ci gaba da asymptomatally, kuma ana iya gano shi ta hanyar gwajin asibiti da kuma ƙwararren kwayoyin halittu. Kuma da zaran an gano cutar, da sauƙin zai yi maganin ta. Sabili da haka, likitoci suna ba da shawara sosai cewa duk masu haƙuri suna ɗaukar jini da gwajin fitsari a kowane watanni 6-12, koda kuwa ba a sami tsaiko ba a yanayin gaba ɗaya.