Hanyar tabbatarwar glucose oxidase glucose

Ka'idar hanyar. Hanyar tana dogara ne akan takamaiman aikin aikin enzyme na glucose. Wannan enzyme yana lalata glucose a gaban kwayoyin kwayoyin don su samar da gluconolactone, wanda a lokaci-lokaci hydrolyzes zuwa gluconic acid. Glucose oxidase yana lalata glucose don samar da hydrogen peroxide (H₂Ah!₂), wanda ke amsawa tare da 4-aminoantipyrine da phenol a ƙarƙashin aikin peroxidase. Sakamakon haka, an samar da fili mai ruwan hoda wanda ƙarancin ƙarfinsa a 510 nm daidai yake da haɗuwar glucose a cikin samfurin.

glucose + O₂ + H₂Ah! Acid gluconic acid + H₂Ah!₂

2 N₂Ah!₂ + 4-aminoantipyrine + phenol In quinonymine + 4H₂Ah!

Kayan aiki CPK, centrifuge, thermostat, sigogi, shambura gwaji, pipettes, kayan nazarin halittu, reagents dauke da maganin aiki.

samfurin gwaji, ml

daidaitaccen samfurin, ml

gwajin rashin aiki (N₂O), ml

Maganin kamuwa da glucose (tunani)

Turanci ana sanya shi cikin matsanancin zafi a 37 ° C na mintina 15, sannan a sanya shi mai launi a kan CPC tare da koren kore a cuvettes tare da kauri mai kauri na 5 mm akan samfurin fanko (N₂O). Launi mai ruwan hoda ya tabbata tsawan 1 awa bayan shiryawa.

Lissafi Ana samar da abun ciki na glucose ta dabara:

C =x C misali a ina

C shine abubuwan glucose a cikin samfurin gwaji, mol / l,

Eop - optarancin girma na samfurin,

Ku ci - na gani mai yawa na daidaituwa samfurin,

C misali - abubuwan da ke cikin hanyar daidaitawa, mol / l.

Valuesimar al'ada:  jarirai - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l

 yara - 3.9 -5.8 mmol / l

 manya - 3.9 - 6.2 mmol / l

Hypoglycemia (GHC).Theara yawan glucose na jini yana faruwa ne saboda dalilai da yawa, wanda a cikinsu aka rarrabe ƙungiyoyi biyu na maganin hawan jini.

1. Insular - hade da isasshen insulin a jiki ko kuma saboda rashin ingancin aikin sa.

2. Kashewa mai ban sha'awa (extrarainlar) - kar a dogara da tasirin insulin.

Hanyoyi masu zuwa suna da matukar mahimmanci a cikin samuwar HHCs: karuwar glycogen gushewa, karuwar neoglucogenesis, hanawar glycogen synthesis, rage amfanin glucose nama a ƙarƙashin tasirin antulinists na hormonal: somatotropin, glucorticoids, thyroxine, thyrotropin.

An lura da cutar hyperglycemia tare da yawan ƙwayar glucose a cikin jini (alal misali, hyperglycemia tare da nauyin sukari). “Hepatic” hyperglycemia na faruwa a yaxuwar hanta raunuka.

Cire mai daci da tsananin zafin jiki yawanci yana haɗuwa da ciwon sukari. Yana da al'ada al'ada don ware insell-dogara da ciwon sukari mellitus da ba-insulin-da ciwon sukari mellitus, ko, bi da bi, irin I ciwon sukari mellitus da irin II ciwon sukari mellitus. Samun nau'in ciwon sukari nau'in I ana haɗuwa da farko tare da ƙarancin aiki da metabolism na insulin.

Rukuni na biyu na hyperglycemia yana da alaƙa da farko tare da hyperfunction na glandon endocrine da ke samar da kwayoyin halittar jini - insulin antagonists. An lura da shi a cikin cututtuka irin su Cutar ta herenko-Cushing da cuta, acromegaly, thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, glucoganoma. Matakan glucose na jini suna haɓaka tare da wasu cututtukan hanta (musamman, a cikin 10-30% na marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar hanta), hemochromatosis (cututtukan hanta mai narkewa, cututtukan tagulla).

Hypoglycemia (GPG) - raguwa a cikin glucose na jini - yawancin lokuta ana danganta shi da ƙima ko dangi a cikin matakan insulin a cikin jini. Ana lura da hypoglycemia na extrapancreatic sakamakon rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ƙayyadaddun tafiyar matakai na glycogenolysis da glyconeogenesis a cikin hanta a cikin matsananciyar cuta da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, cirrhosis, m da subacute hanta dystrophy, barasa maye, guba tare da arsenic, phosphorus, hanzarta ciwon hanta, hanta na hanta, . Ana rage yawan raguwar yawan glucose na jini a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansa na ciwan ciki da sauran cututtukan da ke tattare da cututtukan waje (fibroma, fibrosarcoma, neuroma), kamar yadda tare da matsanancin amai, matsananciyar rashin lafiya, cututtukan hepatic, uremia, cin gajiyar lactation da glucosuria a cikin mata masu juna biyu.

Hypoglycemia na iya zama asalin tsakiya saboda raunin hankali, ciwon ciki, cututtukan jini na kwakwalwa, subarachnoid, huhun kwakwalwa.

1. Rashin rikice-rikice na narkewar carbohydrates.

2. Wadanne nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan jini da aka sani da ku?

3. Waɗanne abubuwa ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan jini na ƙwayar cuta?

4. Menene dalilin ciwon sukari-da ke fama da ciwon suga?

5. Menene abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin halitta na cututtukan cututtukan jini a: a) glycogenosis? b) aglycogenosis? c) 'Ya'yan itace? d) galactosemia?

6. Waɗanne canje-canje na ƙwayoyin halittar narkewa a cikin abinci a lokacin azumi?

7. Ka'idar hanyar don tantance haƙuri a cikin glucose.

Yaushe ne ake tsara hanyar glucose oxidase?

Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don gano haƙuri mai rauni da kuma ci gaban ciwon suga, har ma da girman cutar. Amma don irin waɗannan dalilai, ba a taɓa yin amfani da bincike ba, wannan ya faru ne saboda babban farashi da dogon tsammani na sakamakon. Mafi sau da yawa, ƙuduri na glucose a cikin jini da fitsari ta amfani da wannan hanyar ana amfani dashi a cikin rarrabe ganewar cututtuka kamar:

An rage sukari nan take! Ciwon sukari na tsawon lokaci na iya haifar da tarin cututtuka, kamar matsalolin hangen nesa, yanayin fatar da gashi, ulcers, gangrene har ma da cutar kansa! Mutane sun koyar da ƙwarewar haushi don daidaita matakan sukari. karanta a.

• lactose rashin haƙuri,
• fructose rashin haƙuri,
• mugunya na fructose tare da magudanan ruwa,
• concentarin maida hankali na pentose a cikin fitsari.

Amfani mara izini na gwajin glucose oxidase shine ƙididdigar sa.

Menene tushen wannan hanyar?

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙayyade taro na glucose a cikin jini, amma glucose oxidase shine mafi dacewa. Ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa yayin ma'amala tare da sukari tare da iskar oxygen, ma'adanai yana yin oxidized. Hydrogen peroxide an saki cikin bayani. Wannan abu yana ma'amala da orthotoluidine don samar da fili mai launi. Don halayen wannan amsawar, kasancewar enzymes na musamman wajibi ne. Yayin aikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka, dole ne a gabatar da glucose oxidase, kuma idan ana shafa ruwa, dole peroxidase ya kasance. Colorarfin launi na maganin zai dogara da abubuwan da ke cikin glucose kuma zai kasance da ƙarfi sosai a cikin babban abin da yake ciki.

Mahimmancin ƙudurin glucose oxidase

Valuimar sakamakon yana faruwa ta amfani da hanyar ƙirar ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta bayan lokaci ɗaya. Yana da izini a yi amfani da hanyar daidaitawa wanda ya ƙunshi wani ƙayyadadden tsarin sukari da aka ayyana kuma, farawa daga gare shi, zaku iya yanke hukunci game da haɗuwar glucose a cikin ruwa na jiki, galibi a cikin jini.

Yaya ake yin binciken?

Ana ɗaukar abu daga haƙuri a kan komai a ciki. Don gwajin, ana amfani da jinin venous a cikin adadin 5 ml. A ranar hagu na ganewar asali, an nuna wa mai haƙuri tsayayyen abincin. Wannan zai sa ya yiwu a yanke hukunci game da amincin sakamakon kuma a cire kurakuran bincike mai yiwuwa. Kwanaki 2 kafin shan jini, mai haƙuri yakamata ya bar mummunan halayen shan giya da sigari. Hakanan wajibi ne don taƙaita yawan cin abinci mai ɗorewa kuma ku guji yanayin damuwa a duk lokacin da ya yiwu.

Don samun plasma tare da sukari, an cika jini.

Mafi sau da yawa, wannan hanyar don tantance taro glucose ana yin ta ne ta hanyar centrifugation, wanda abubuwa suke keɓancewa. Adadin sukari an riga an ƙaddara shi a cikin plasma. Lokacin da aka ƙara dukkan mahimman abubuwan da ake bukata a ciki, ana lura da launi bayan minti 20 idan anyi gwajin a zazzabi a ɗakin. Ana yin lissafin glucose ne gwargwadon lokacin daidaitawa ko amfani da dokar servings.

Abubuwan bincike

Don tantance sukari, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da hanyoyin bayyana don ƙayyade glucose a cikin jini. Wannan saboda sauƙin amfani da sakamako mai sauri. Bugu da kari, mara lafiya baya bukatar zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje ko asibiti. Amma sabanin gwajin glucose oxidase, irin wannan cutar ba ta da tushe. Tun da ba ya bambanta glucose da sauran sukari kuma yana ƙayyade haɗuwarsu tare.

Tushen aikin glucose oxidase shine sodium chloride 9% bayani da zinc sulfate 50%. An ƙara su a mataki na zubar jini. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da mafitaccen buffer tare da acetic acid da sodium acetate. Hanyar zakka tana tantance pH a 4.8. Bayan wannan, an ƙara glucose oxidase, saboda wanda aka saki hydrogen peroxide da peroxidase, wanda ke shiga cikin rage bakin zaren warware taro da ake so don samun ingantaccen sakamako.

Norms a cikin binciken

Ana yin awo na sukari a cikin raka'a na musamman - millimoles kowace lita na bayani.

Glucose oxidase na gwajin jini na wajibi ne akan komai a ciki kuma amfani da plasma ko magani don wannan. Matsakaicin yawanta ga mata da maza shine 3.3-5.5. Ga yara 'yan kasa da shekara 15, wannan adadi ya ɗan ragu kaɗan daga na 3.2-5.3. A cikin jarirai, glucose na jini shine 1.7-4.2. Ana lura da haɓaka cikin alamu tare da haɓaka mai haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari na mellitus ko tare da haƙuri da glucose mai haƙuri. Wannan yanayin cutar sankarau ce, idan kuma ba a kula da shi kan lokaci ba, to da sannu zai kai ga ci gaba da wannan cutar.

Shin har yanzu yana da alama ba zai yiwu ba a warkar da ciwon sukari?

Kuna hukunci da gaskiyar cewa kuna karanta waɗannan layin yanzu, nasara a cikin yaƙi da cutar hawan jini ba ta gefen ku ba tukuna.

Kuma kun riga kunyi tunani game da maganin asibiti? Abu ne mai fahimta, saboda cutar sankarau cuta ce mai matukar hatsari, wanda, idan ba a yi maganin ta ba, na iya haifar da mutuwa. Tsammani mai ƙishirwa, saurin motsawa, hangen nesa. Duk waɗannan alamun suna sane da ku.

Amma yana yiwuwa a bi da sanadin maimakon tasirin? Muna ba da shawarar karanta wata kasida game da cututtukan cututtukan ciwon sukari na yanzu. Karanta labarin >>