Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin yara: sanadin ci gaba

Cutar sankarau a cikin yara an gano cewa wani mummunan cuta ce. Ya koma matsayi na biyu a matakin yaduwar cutar tsakanin sauran cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji. Ciwon sukari a cikin yara na iya zama babbar matsala mafi ƙaranci fiye da ƙara yawan glucose a cikin manya. Bugu da kari, irin wannan yarinyar tana da matukar wahala kuma tana da matsala don daidaitawa tsakanin takwarorinta.

Wadancan iyayen da yaransu ke fama da ciwon sukari na 1 dole ne su dace da cutar kuma su kula da yaran su sosai, saboda yana da wahala a gare shi ya zauna da irin wannan cutar.

Alamar kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin yara

Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin yara yana nuna alamun hanzari. Alamun farkon ci gaban cutar na iya ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan makonni. Idan an gano aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin alamun bayyanar, to, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi likita don gwajin cancantar duk jikin yarinyar da isar da duk gwaje-gwajen da suka cancanta a irin wannan yanayin.

Idan dangi suna da wata na musamman da za ta auna matakin sukari na jini - wani glucometer, to da farko zai isa ya auna matakin glucose da safe akan komai a ciki, sannan bayan cin abinci.

Babban alamun cututtukan sukari a cikin yara shine farkon jin ƙishirwa. Ga masu ciwon sukari na marasa lafiya 1, muradin shaye shaye shine halaye. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon gaskiyar matakin sukari ya tashi, jiki kuma a lokaci guda ya fara jan zaren ruwa daga sel da kyallen takarda domin yakar glucose. Yaron zai so ya sha wani ruwa mai yawan isa. Zai iya zama tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta, da kuma abubuwan sha daban-daban.

Alamar siye ta biyu na farkon cutar za ta zama sau da yawa urination, saboda saboda yawan zubar ruwa mai yawa akwai tsarin halitta na cirewa. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa mara lafiya yaro koyaushe yana son zuwa bayan gida. Bugu da kari, ya kamata iyaye su farga da gaskiyar cewa yarinyar da aka bayyana da dare, idan ba a lura da wannan ba.

Zai dace da ƙararrawa a cikin waɗannan yanayin lokacin da ɗa ko 'yar ko cikin sauri da rashin nauyi bisa ga tsammani. Idan yaro yana da ciwon sukari, to, jikinsa zai fara rasa ƙarfi da ikon yin amfani da glucose don makamashi. A sakamakon haka, tsokoki na jikinsu da kitsen jikinsu suna ƙonewa. Madadin ɗaukar nauyi, yaron yana rasa shi kuma yana yin ƙarin nauyi.

Bugu da kari, kullun alamar gajiya za ta zama alama mai rarrabewa game da ciwon sukari. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karancin insulin a cikin jiki da kuma rashin iya canza glucose zuwa makamashi. Dukkanin gabobin da kyallen takarda sun fara fama da karancin man fetur kuma suna ba wa jikin siginar da ta dace, wanda ke bayyana ta kullun jin gajiya da rushewa.

Wata alama ta farkon cutar za ta zama mai jin kai da nutsuwa a koyaushe. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, abinci ba zai iya kasancewa yalwa sosai kuma jiki ba ya cikawa. A saboda wannan dalili, yaro yana fama da yunwa koyaushe, har ma da abinci mai yawa. A wasu halaye, ana lura da sabanin sakamako - ci abinci ya ɓace, wanda ya zama alamar ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari. Waɗannan nau'ikan yanayi suna da haɗari sosai ga rayuwar yarinyar, saboda sun zama babban rikitarwa yayin cutar.

Idan yaro ya gaza wahalar gani, wannan na iya zama kararrawa ta farko wacce mahaifa su kamata su kula. Arin yawan glucose na jini yana haifar da rashin ruwa na ruwan tabarau na ido. Wannan sabon abu ana nuna shi tawaya ta hanyar gani, amma ba kowane yaro bane zai iya yin cikakken bayanin irin wannan yanayin.

Cutar na nau'in 1 shima ana kamanta shi da cututtukan fungal. Ga 'yan mata, yana iya zama mara nauyi, kuma ga jarirai, ƙarancin cututtukan diaper suna da tsauri, wanda hakan zai iya barin idan matakan sukari na jini ya daidaita.

Ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari

Ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari cuta ce mai haɗari kuma mai saurin kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin yara, wanda zai iya zama mai muni. Alamarsa sune:

ciwon ciki
gajiya,
tashin zuciya
mai saurin numfashi tare da katsewa
takamaiman ƙamshi na acetone daga bakin yaron.

Idan irin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka sun faru, ya kamata ku nemi taimakon likita da sauri. Idan ba'a dauki wadannan matakan ba, to da sannu yarinyar na iya rasa hankali kuma ta mutu.

Za'a iya sarrafa cutar sukari a cikin yara, kuma ana iya magance rikice-rikicen wannan cuta idan an samar da yanayi na rayuwar yaran kuma an sami tabbacin cikakken lokacin yau.

Menene ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara?

Idan zamuyi magana game da ainihin abubuwan da ke faruwa na kamuwa da cutar sukari irin ta 1 a cikin yara da manya, a yau magani ba zai iya ba da cikakkiyar amsa ga wannan tambayar ba. Tsarin 'yan Adam an tsara shi ne don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka shiga jikin mutum. Don wasu dalilai, tsarin rigakafi yana ɓacewa kuma yana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin beta na kashin kansa kuma yana lalata su, yana kashe insulin.

Akwai dalilan da yasa kuke buƙatar magana game da tsinkayar gado don buga 1 na ciwon sukari. Idan yaro ya sami rubella, mura, ko sauran kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta, wannan na iya haifar da dogaro daga insulin. Shi ne wanda yake muhimmin hormone ne wanda ke taimakawa kowane kwayar halitta ta glucose kuma ya ba ta damar samu daga jini zuwa tantanin halitta, inda ake amfani da insulin a matsayin babban mai.

Cellsungiyoyi na musamman waɗanda suke a cikin ƙwayar da ke cikin tsibirin Langerhans suna da alhakin samar da insulin. A halin da ake ciki na al'ada, wani lokaci bayan cin abinci, glucose ya shiga cikin jini a cikin wadataccen adadi, watau insulin yana ba sel damar samun isasshen abinci. A sakamakon haka, an rage yawan sukarin jini kuma ana samar da insulin a cikin adadi kaɗan. Hanta tana iya adana shi kuma, idan bukatar hakan ta haifar, jefa adadin sukari da yakamata a cikin jini. A yanayin da insulin bai isa ba, jiki yakan saki glucose a cikin jini kuma ta haka ne yake riƙe mahimmancinta.

Musayar sukari da insulin ana sarrafa su kullun bisa ga yadda aka mayar da martani. Wannan shine dukkanin hanyar fara cutar, saboda rigakafi ya riga ya lalata kusan kashi 80 na sel sel, wanda ke haifar da isasshen samar da insulin, ba tare da abin da yaron ba zai iya cika da glucose a cikin adadin da ake buƙata. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa cikin sukari jini kuma yana haifar da farkon alamun bayyanar cututtuka. A wannan lokacin, lokacin da glucose ya wuce kima, jikin yaron yana jin cikakkiyar ma'anar yunwa ba tare da wannan man mai mahimmanci ba.

Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sankarau a cikin yara

Magani ya nuna cewa akwai wasu dalilai da suka zama sanadin farawa da rashin lafiya. Wadannan sun hada da:

cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, wanda cutar ta yi kama da cutar: Epstein-Barr virus, Coxsackie, rubella, cytomegalovirus,
raguwa a cikin jinin yaro na bitamin D,
gabatarwar gaba daya na madarar saniya a cikin abincin jariri, wadannan dalilai ma suna zama ci gaban halayen cuta,
ma da wuri ciyar da hatsi
gurbataccen ruwan sha mai cike da nitrates.

A cikin mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, ba shi yiwuwa a hana, duk da haka, wasu wuraren aikinta gabaɗaya sun dogara ne akan iyayen da kansu. Zai fi kyau kada a yi hanzarin zuwa farkon ciyarwa, saboda ana ganin mahaifiyar nono ta zama abincin da ya dace don jariri har zuwa watanni shida.

Akwai ƙididdigar da ba a tabbatar ba cewa ciyar da mutum zai iya ƙara yiwuwar haɓaka ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar mahaifa. An ba da shawarar samar wa yaro ruwa mafi tsarkakakken ruwan sha, kazalika da ƙirƙirar yanayi ingantacce ga rayuwarsa. A lokaci guda, baza ku iya overdo ba kuma ku kewaye jariri da abubuwa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, saboda wannan dabarar na iya haifar da matsalar baya. Amma game da bitamin D, ya zama dole a ba shi yaro kawai bayan shawarar likitan yara, saboda yawan abin sha zai iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

Yaya za a gano ciwon sukari?

Don gano ciwon sukari a cikin yaro, da farko, ya zama dole a tantance yanayin gaba ɗaya. Bugu da kari, likita zai gano yiwuwar malabsorption na glucose da wani nau'in ciwon sukari.

Idan yaro yana da wasu alamu na cutar, to, kuna buƙatar auna matakin sukari a cikin jininsa ta amfani da glucometer ko cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Binciken ba ya samar da isar da jini na wajibi a kan komai a ciki. Bayan mun yi nazarin halayen glucose da kuma daidaita su tare da sakamako, zamu iya magana game da kasancewar ko rashin ciwon sukari a cikin yaro.

Sau da yawa, iyaye sukan yi watsi da alamun cutar har sai yaro mara lafiya ya rasa hankalinsa sakamakon cutar ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari.

A irin waɗannan yanayi, suna ɗaukar matakan farfadowa kuma suna ɗaukar gwajin jini don matakin ƙurar rigakafi a ciki. Ana gane nau'in ciwon sukari na Type 1 a matsayin cuta mafi yawan gama gari a yankinmu, kuma nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 shine mafi halayyar waɗannan ƙasashe inda akwai yara masu kiba. Idan nau'in cutar ta biyu na nuna alamun ci gabanta a hankali, na farko kusan nan da nan kuma yana ɗaukar hankalin kanta.

Idan muna magana ne game da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, to, ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu zuwa za su kasance a ciki:

ga insulin
to glutamate decarboxylase,
zuwa sel na tsibirin na Langerhans,
zuwa tyrosine phosphatase.

Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa rigakafin yarinyar yana kai hari sel sel wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa.

Tare da nau'in ciwo na 2, bayan cin abinci da gabanin sa, an lura da babban matakin insulin, kuma ba a gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin jinin mai haƙuri ba. Bugu da ƙari, gwajin jini na yaro zai nuna juriya na glucose, a wata ma'anar, za a rage jin daɗin jikin mutum da ƙusoshinsa sakamakon tasirin insulin.

A kusan dukkanin marasa lafiya na wannan nau'in, ana gano cutar ta hanyar gudummawar jini da fitsari, waɗanda aka wajabta don gano cutar sauran matsalolin lafiya. Kari akan haka, nauyin da ya gaji na iya haifar da neman taimakon likita da kuma yin cikakken bincike. Idan daya daga cikin dangi yana fama da wata cuta, to da yiwuwar yaro zai zama mai yiwuwa ga tasirin glucose a jikinsa.

Kimanin kashi 20 cikin 100 na yara masu balaga suna balaga irin na 2, wanda ke haifar da ƙoshin ƙishi koyaushe, urination, da kuma asarar ƙwayar tsoka. Irin waɗannan alamun alamun cutar ciwon sukari mellitus sun yi daidai da alamun kamuwa da cutar sukari mai nau'in 1.

Rashin ci gaba da cutar sukari a cikin yara

Cutar tana da haɗari sosai ga rikicewarta. Rashin aiwatar da matakan metabolism na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da dukkan gabobin jiki da tsarin kananan kwayoyin. Da farko dai, muna magana ne game da lalacewar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini wadanda suke tsunduma cikin abubuwancinta. Bugu da kari, kodan, idanu, da kuma tsarin juyayi na yaran suna da matukar illa. Idan ba ku tsunduma cikin ingantaccen magani ba kuma ba ku kula da cutar ba, to a irin waɗannan halayen ana hana ci gaban tunani da haɓaka na mai haƙuri. Iyaye suna buƙatar sanin menene sukari na jini ga al'adarsu.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na nau'in cuta ta 1 sun haɗa da waɗanda ke haifar da babban ƙwayar sukari akai-akai ko a cikin waɗancan lokuta lokacin da tsalle-tsalle mai kaifi ke ciki. Daga gefen tsarin daban-daban wadannan za su zama bayyanuwa:

cututtukan zuciya. Kasancewar ciwon sukari a cikin mara haƙuri yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakar angina pectoris ko da a cikin ƙananan yara masu adalci. An bayyana cutar ta hanyar jin zafi a yankin kirji. A lokacin karami, atherosclerosis, haɓakar jini, bugun jini, bugun zuciya,
jijiya. Irin wannan cutar tana haifar da lalacewar tsarin juyayi na yara. Babban glucose na jini yana haifar da rushewar al'ada aikin jijiyoyi, musamman kafafu. Bayyanar cututtukan da ke tattare da cutar neuropathy shine zafi ko cikakkiyar asarar hankali, raɗaɗin rauni a cikin ƙafafu,
nephropathy. An kwatanta shi da lalacewar kodan. Cutar sankarar mellitus tana haifar da lalacewar glomeruli na musamman, waɗanda ke da alhakin tace sharar jini. Sabili da haka, lalacewar koda na iya fara haɓaka, yana haifar da buƙatar yin dial na yau da kullun ko ma juyar da hanta. Idan ga yara wannan ba lallai ba ne, to ta hanyar shekara 20 zuwa 30 matsalar na iya zama cikin gaggawa,
maganin retinopathy cuta ce da ta shafi idanu. Matsaloli tare da samar da insulin suna haifar da lalacewar tasoshin idanu. Wannan yana haifar da zubar jini zuwa cikin kayan gani, yana kara hadarin bunkasa glaucoma da cataracts. A cikin lokuta mawuyacin hali, mai haƙuri na iya rasa hangen nesa,
matsaloli tare da aiki na ƙananan ƙarshen kuma za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar ciwon sukari. Cutar tana da mummunar tasiri akan hankalin ƙafafun, yana haifar da rikicewa a cikin kewaya jini. Idan kafafu suka shafi kamuwa da cuta, to kuwa gangrene na iya farawa a irin wannan yanayi. Koyaya, wannan ba halayyar ciwon sukari bane na yara,
fata mara kyau kuma na iya nuna matsaloli ga yawan shan sukari. A cikin irin waɗannan halayen, halayen suna farawa da ƙoshinta kuma ana daskarewa kullun saboda yanayin wuce haddi,
osteoporosis zai iya faruwa ta hanyar koyawa da dukkanin ma'adanai masu mahimmanci daga nama ƙashi. Sakamakon ciwon sukari, ƙarancin ƙasusuwa na ƙasusuwa yakan faru har a lokacin ƙuruciya.