Iri insulin da aikinsu

Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin duniyar yau, ciwon sukari ba sabon abu bane. Mutanen da ke da wannan cutar, don kula da yanayin su a matakin gamsarwa, sun ƙi abubuwan da suka fi so, ana tilasta su bin tsarin cin abinci mai tsafta, ta hanyar bincika matakan sukari na jini, kuma likita koyaushe. Koyaya, duk wannan yana da alama a haƙura idan aka kwatanta shi da yawan marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari na 1 - insulin-dogara. Lafiyar su, kuma wani lokacin rayuwa, sun dogara ne akan tsarin kula da lokacin haila. Sabili da haka, wannan kayan shine ainihin su - zamuyi magana akan nau'ikan insulin kuma wanne ne yafi dacewa ga mai haƙuri.

Ma'anar

Insulin wani kwaro ne wanda ke kumburin ciki. Aikin sa: lura da kwararar metabolism a cikin jikin mutum ta hanyar daidaita yadda yake yawan glucose a cikin jini. Idan samar da kwayar halittar ta rikice, to me ya sa matakin sukari da ke cikin jini ya rabu da al’ada, mutum yana kamuwa da ciwon suga. Don kula da glucose, dole ne ku bi tsayayyen abinci kuma ku ɗauki magunguna da yawa.

A cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 1, akwai isasshen matakin glucose. Saboda haka, ana sa musu nau'ikan maye gurbin insulin, waɗanda aka gabatar da su don kula da metabolism a cikin jiki maimakon hormones wanda ba zai iya inganta kansa ba.

Wani nau'in magani na hormonal likita ya tsara shi ta hanyar:

• shekaru haƙuri
• jini
• halayen jikin mai haƙuri,
• yawan gabatarwar da suka wajaba
• yawan ma'aunin glucose
• halayen masu ciwon sukari.

Munyi bayani dalla-dalla kan ire-iren wadannan magungunan.

Digiri na Asali

Tunda ana samar da hormone ne ta wasu jijiyoyin jiki, a dabi'ance, zai kasance na dabba ne ko asalin kwarowar roba. Nau'in insulin a cikin wannan rarrabuwa zai zama kamar haka:

• An samo shi daga cututtukan Dabbobi. Zai yiwu a gabatar da wannan ƙwayar magunguna tare da halayen rashin lafiyan, tunda wannan insulin ya bambanta da tsarin mutumtaka uku na amino acid na goma sha shida.
• Alade. Mafi kyawun nau'in insulin shine tsarinta ya bambanta da na amino acid na ɗan adam.
• Whale. Mafi yawan nau'ikan amfani da su - tsarin kwayoyin sunadarai sun bambanta da dan adam fiye da insulin da aka samu daga cututtukan dabbobi.
• Tattaunawa. Inulin din roba (injiniyan kwayoyin halitta), wanda aka samu ta hanyar maye gurbin tsarin amino acid din da bai dace dashi ba acikin insulin insulin. Wannan kuma ya hada da kwayoyin halittar da ake samarwa daga '' Escherichia coli 'na mutum.

Girke-girke kayan aikin

Abubuwan insulin kuma sun bambanta da yawan kayan aikin a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi:

• Monoid. Kwayar tana dauke da dabba guda kawai, alal misali, sa.
• Daidaitawa. Abun da ya haɗa ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa - karin ruwa daga gangar jikin, alal misali, alade da bijimin.

Mataki na tsarkakewa

Da yake magana game da nau'ikan, alamu da bambance-bambance na insulin, mutum ba zai iya ba amma ambaci rarrabuwa gwargwadon matsayin tsarkakewar tsararren da aka samu ta hanyar:

• Monocomponent shiri. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don mai ciwon sukari. Wannan nau'in wakili yana wucewa ta hanyar murkushe kwayar zarra da ion musayar iska, wanda shine mafi girman insulin insulin din.
• Magungunan gargajiya. Abubuwan da aka haifar suna dilce tare da ethanol na acid, sannan kuma sun wuce ta cikin ማጣta. Daga nan sai ya ratsa ta cikin salting da kara fashewa da kuka. Amma matakan da aka bayyana ba za su iya share aikin dukkan kazanta ba gaba daya.
• Monopic Peak. Tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi matakai biyu: a farkon, yana wucewa bisa ga hanyar al'ada, kuma a na biyu, ana tace abu ta amfani da gel na musamman. Wannan umarni yana taimakawa wajen samun magani tare da ƙananan raunin rashin amfani fiye da na baya.

Tasirin saurin gradation

Mafi mashahuri rarrabuwa shi ne rabuwa da insulin ta hanyar jinsuna da aikinsu. A cikin wannan gradation, za a iya rarraba maganin hormonal zuwa rukuni na gaba gwargwadon saurin da tsawon tasirin:

• Dogon tsayi.
• Tsawon lokaci.
• Gajeru
• Ultrashort.
• Cakuda (ko a hade).

Yi la'akari da kowane nau'in a cikin ƙarin daki-daki.

Magungunan Ultrashort

Babban aikin mafi girman nau'in insulin gajeren lokaci shine dawo da matakan sukari na jini zuwa al'ada da wuri-wuri. Ana gudanar da irin wannan magani kafin cin abinci. Sakamakon farko na amfaninsa ya bayyana bayan minti 10. Bayan sa'o'i 1.5-2, aikin aiwatar da irin wannan insulin ya kai kololuwa.

Rashin dacewar wannan rukunin zai zama mai ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali da ƙarancin sakamako wanda ake iya faɗi akan matakan glucose fiye da na gajeran hancin insulins. Haka kuma, wannan shine mafi girman rukuni tsakanin wadanda aka wakilta. Naúrar 1 (IU - gwargwadon adadin insulin a cikin wakili na hormonal) na insulin ultrashort shine 1.5-2 sau mafi ƙarfi fiye da 1 IU na wakilin kowane nau'in dangane da fallasa.

Ana iya danganta magungunan masu zuwa ga wannan rukunin insulin:

• Apidra. Ana amfani dashi don maganin ciwon sukari a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 6. Dole ayi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da mata masu juna biyu da tsofaffi. Gabatarwa: subcutaneous ko tare da famfo.
• NovoRapid. Basis - insulin kewayawa. Abune mai launi mara launi a cikinn alkalami mai sikari 3 ml (300 PIECES). An haɗa shi daga ɗan adam E. coli. Amfaninta mai mahimmanci shine ikon amfani dashi lokacin ɗaukar yaro.
• Humalog. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, kwatankwacin kwatancen ɗan adam ne - yana da bambanci da babba a cikin tsarin canzawar amino acid da yawa. Tasirin bayyanar sa har zuwa awanni 4. Siffofin alƙawarin: ciwon sukari na 1, matsanancin jurewar insulin a cikin nau'in cuta na 2, rashin haƙuri ga wasu kwayoyi.

Groupan Kasuwancin Gungun Kungiyoyi

Nau'in nau'ikan insulins na gajeren lokaci ya bambanta da cewa sakamakon farko na fallasa su ya faru a minti 20-30 bayan gudanarwa. A lokaci guda, yakan ɗauki tsawon awowi 6. Irin wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata a gudanar da shi na mintina 15 kafin cin abinci, kuma 'yan awanni kaɗan bayan haka, ana bada shawara a ɗauki wani abun ciye-ciye.

A wasu halaye, likitoci, suna nazarin yanayin mai haƙuri, sashi na magunguna, matakin sukari, rubutaccen haɗarin babban sikila da gajere ga mara haƙuri.

Shahararrun nau'ikan wakilan nau'ikan sune kamar haka:

• "Biosulin P". Ya dace da hade da insulin "Biosulin N". Magungunan yana cikin nau'in injin ɗin ɗan adam, ana samun su duka a cikin gatun katako da kuma a cikin kwalabe.
• "Monodar". Wannan shiri ne na naman alade. Likita ya tsara shi don wata cuta ta nau'in 1 da 2, yayin haihuwar mai haƙuri, gazawar rashin lafiya tare da taimakon nau'ikan kwayoyin homon.
• "Humodar R". Ya kamata a danganta magungunan ga ƙungiyar semisynthetic. Yayi kyau tare da insulins-matsakaici masu aiki. Wani fa'ida - za'a iya amfani dashi yayin daukar ciki da lactation.
• "Nurarara NM". Samfurin aikin injiniya. Ana sarrafa ta a ƙarƙashin ƙasa da na cikin gida, allura na ciki - kawai kamar kwararre ne ya umarce su. An fitar dashi daga magunguna ta hanyar takardar sayan magani daga likita mai halartar.
• "Yaushe Humulin". Magungunan a cikin vials da katako sun dace da gudanarwar ciki, subcutaneous da gudanar cikin jijiya. Ya dace da insulin-dogara da siffofin da-insulin-da-kwayar cutar, don amfani na farko, gudanarwa a lokacin daukar ciki.

Magunguna

Magungunan ƙwayar cuta na wannan rukunin suna fara aiki 2 sa'o'i bayan gudanarwa. Lokacin aikin su shine awa 8-12. Don haka, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar allurar 2-3 na irin wannan ƙwayar a rana. Likita na iya yin amfani da insulin matsakaici, hade da gajere.

Shahararrun magunguna na wannan rukuni sune kamar haka:

• Semi-roba: "Biogulin N", "Humodar B".
• An kafa shi ne daga inulin insulin: Monodar B, Protafan MS.
• Gyara asalinsa: Protafan NM, Biosulin N, Humulin NPH, Insuran NPH.
• Dakatar da zinc: "Monotard MS".

Dogayen kwayoyi

Tasirin gudanarwar yana faruwa awanni 4-8 bayan wannan lokacin. Amma ya ci gaba da kwana daya da rabi zuwa kwana biyu. Lokacin mafi girman aikin kwayoyin halitta na tsawon insulin shine 8-12-12 bayan gudanarwa.

Mafi shahara a cikin wannan rukunin zai zama abubuwa masu zuwa:

• "Levemir Penfill". Insulin detemir, wanda yayi daidai da Levemir Flexpen. Bangaren subcutaneous management. Ana iya haɗe shi da siffofin kwamfutar hannu - the endocrinologist ya tsara mafi kyawun sashi.
• Lantus. Wannan nau'in insulin na tsawon lokaci yana da tsada. Ana gudanar da wakilin insulin na glargine sau daya a rana, a cikin awa daya, cikin zurfin cutuwa. Ba a ba da haƙuri ga marasa haƙuri a cikin shekaru 6, mata masu juna biyu suyi amfani da shi a hankali. Zai iya zama ko dai magani ɗaya ko haɗa tare da wasu magani. Fuskokin sa a cikin nau'in alkalanni da katako don famfon ana ba su a cikin magunguna kawai sai an sa mata magani.