Nau'in cuta na 1 na ciwon sukari: sanadin, bayyanar cututtuka, magani

Nau'in na 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus (ciwon sukari da ke dogara da insulin) cuta ce ta endocrine, wacce ke nuna isasshen samar da insulin na hodarwar jikin kwayar ta hanji. Saboda wannan, yawan haɗuwar glucose a cikin jini ya hauhawa, jurewar hauhawar jini ke faruwa. Rukuni na 1 na manya masu cutar siga (bayan 40) da wuya su kamu da rashin lafiya. A zamanin yau, ana karɓar gaba ɗaya cewa nau'in 1 shine ciwon sukari na matasa. Yanzu bari mu ga dalilin da yasa muke da ciwon suga.

Sanadin da pathogenesis

Ofayan abin da ke haifar da ciwon sukari shine ƙarancin gado. Yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar yayi kadan, amma har yanzu yana nan. Har yanzu ba a san ainihin ainihin dalilin ba, akwai abubuwan da ke haifar da tsinkaye kawai (an canza su daga cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan cututtuka, keta kariyar salula).

Ciwon sukari mellitus yana haɓaka saboda ƙarancin ƙwayoyin beta na pancreas. Wadannan sel suna da alhakin samarda insulin na yau da kullun. Babban aikin wannan hormone shine tabbatar da shigarwar glucose a cikin sel. Idan aka rage insulin, duk glucose yana inganta a cikin jini sel kuma su fara farawa saboda matsananciyar yunwa. Sakamakon rashin kuzari, asarar mai tana yaɗuwa, a sakamakon wanda mutum yake rasa nauyi cikin sauri. Dukkanin kwayoyin glucose suna jawo ruwa ga kansu. Tare da babban taro na sukari a cikin jini, ruwa tare da glucose an kebe shi a cikin fitsari. Sabili da haka, bushewar ruwa yana farawa a cikin haƙuri kuma ana jin kullun jin ƙishirwa.

Sakamakon rushewar kitse a jikin mutum, ya haifar da tarin mayukan kitse (FA). Hanta ba zata “sake jujjuya” duk magungunan FA ba, don haka kayayyakin lalata - jikin ketone - suke tarawa cikin jini. Idan ba a kula da su ba, ƙwayar cuta da mutuwa na iya faruwa yayin wannan lokacin.

Cutar Ciwon Ciki 1

Kwayar cutar ta ƙaru sosai da sauri: a cikin fewan watanni ko ma makonni, ci gaba da hauhawar jini. Babban mahimmancin maganin bincike wanda zaku iya shakkar ciwon sukari shine:

tsananin ƙishirwa (mai haƙuri yana shan ruwa da yawa),
urination akai-akai
yunwa da fatar fata,
nauyi mai nauyi.

A cikin ciwon sukari, mutum zai iya rasa kilogiram 10-15 a cikin wata guda, yayin da akwai rauni, gajiya, gajiya, da rage ƙarfin aiki. A farko, cutar yawanci tana da ci, amma yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, mai haƙuri ya ƙi cin abinci. Wannan ya faru ne saboda maye gawar (ketoacidosis). Akwai tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ciki, wani kamshi daga bakin.

Bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Don tabbatar da cutar nau'in ciwon sukari guda 1, kuna buƙatar yin bincike mai zuwa:

Gwajin jini na sukari (akan bango mara nauyi) - an ƙaddara abubuwan glucose a cikin jinin haila.
Glycosylated haemoglobin - matsakaici na sukari na jini na tsawon watanni 3.
Nazarin bincike na c peptide ko proinsulin.

A cikin wannan cuta, babban magani shine babban magani na maye gurbin (allurar insulin). Bugu da kari, an sanya madaidaicin tsarin abincin. Ana tsara adadin da nau'in insulin daban-daban. Don saka idanu da sukari na yau da kullun, ana ba da shawarar ku sayi mitarin glucose na jini. Idan duk yanayin an cika shi, mutum zai iya rayuwa ta al'ada (ba shakka, za a sami hani da yawa, amma babu mafita daga gare su).

Menene nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, me yasa yake da haɗari?

Nau'in cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na yara (T1DM) cuta ce da ke da alaƙa da rashin lafiyar metabolism, wato, karancin insulin na hormone da kuma ƙara yawan glucose a cikin jini. Wannan cuta ce ta mutum wanda rigakafi cikin kuskure yake lalata sel jikin, saboda haka yana da wahala a kula. Cutar ta shafi manya da yara. Jariri na iya zama dogaro da insulin bayan kwayar cuta ko kamuwa da cuta. Idan muka kwatanta ƙididdiga don nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ciwon sukari na 1 ya faru a cikin kusan ɗaya cikin 10.

Ciwon sukari na Type 1 yana da haɗari tare da rikitarwa mai wuya - sannu a hankali yana lalata tsarin jijiyoyin jiki. Misali, T1DM yana ƙaruwa da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya: mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan hawan jini sun fi fuskantar bugun jini da bugun zuciya. Rayuwar macen da take fama da ciwon sukari irin ta 1 tana da shekaru 15 gajarta fiye da wacce take da lafiya. Maza masu fama da tabin hankali suna rayuwa a matsakaita har zuwa shekaru 50-60 kuma suna mutuwa shekaru 15-20 a baya fiye da takwarorinsu.

Masu ciwon sukari dole ne su bi abincinsu da tsarin yau da kullun, su dauki insulin kuma su lura da sukarin jininsu. Amincewa da duk shawarwarin likitancin endocrinologist, shine wannan likita ya kula da nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, za a iya magance rikice-rikice masu haɗari kuma za a iya rayuwa ta al'ada.

Sanadin kamuwa da cutar sukari irin 1 a cikin yara da matasa

Yawancin iyaye suna kuskure cikin tunanin cewa masu ciwon sukari ba su da lafiya saboda sun ci cakulan da sukari mai yawa. Idan kun iyakance ɗanku game da Sweets, zaku iya kare shi daga diathesis maimakon ciwon sukari. Yara suna samun ciwon sukari a farkon shekaru ba saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki ba. Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar karewar masana kimiyya da ke binciken wannan matsalar.

Wani mummunan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta da aka canza shi yana da shekaru 0-3 a cikin 84% yana haifar da ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, haka ma, ana samun cutar mafi yawa yayin da yaro ya kai shekaru 8 da haihuwa.
ARVI a cikin mawuyacin hali, wanda aka canza shi ta hanyar jarirai har zuwa watanni 3, yana haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin 97% na lokuta.
A cikin yara waɗanda ke da yanayin gado a cikin cututtukan hauka, haɗarin haɓaka cutar yana ƙaruwa dangane da abubuwan abinci (abinci): abinci na wucin gadi, farkon amfani da madara saniya, nauyin haihuwa mafi girma (sama da kilogiram 4.5).

Akwai shekaru biyu na ganiya don gano ciwon sukari a cikin yara - 5-8 shekara da kuma balaga (shekaru 13-16). Ba kamar tsofaffi ba, ciwon sukari na yara yana haɓaka sosai da sauri. Cutar tana bayyana kanta da mummunan nau'in ketoacidosis (guban da jikin ketone da aka kirkira a hanta) ko cutar siga.

Amma game da gado, yuwuwar isar da T1DM ya ragu. Idan mahaifin yana fama da cutar sankara 1, haɗarin watsawa yara shine 10%. Idan mahaifiyar, to, an rage haɗarin zuwa 10%, kuma a cikin haihuwar haihuwa (bayan shekaru 25) zuwa 1%.

A cikin tagwaye iri ɗaya, haɗarin kamuwa da rashin lafiya ya bambanta. Idan yaro ɗaya ba shi da lafiya, to cutar ta biyu ba ta wuce 30-50%.

Abun Ciki na Cutar Rana 1

Baya ga cutar kansa da kanta, rikitarwarsa ba ta da haɗari. Ko da tare da karamin karkacewa daga al'ada (5.5 mmol / lita a kan komai a ciki), jininsa yayi kauri ya zama danko. Tasoshin sun rasa nutsuwarsu, kuma adonsu ya zama suna ta hanyar hailar jini a jikin bango (atherosclerosis). Tabargazar ciki da jijiyoyin jini da narkewar jijiyoyi, gabobin ba su samun isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma kawar da gubobi daga sel a hankali. A saboda wannan dalili, wuraren necrosis, fitarwa suna faruwa akan jikin mutum. Akwai gangrene, kumburi, kumburi, da kuma isar da jini zuwa ga gabobin su kara muni.

Sugarara yawan sukari na jini ya rushe aikin dukkan gabobin:

Kodan . Dalilin haɗuwar gabobi shine tace jini daga abubuwa masu guba da gubobi. A matakin sukari fiye da 10 mmol / lita, kodan sun daina daina yin aikinsu da kyau kuma su wuce sukari cikin fitsari. Yanayi mai daɗi ya zama kyakkyawan tushe don haɓakar microflora na pathogenic. Saboda haka, cututtukan kumburi na tsarin jijiyoyin jiki - cystitis (kumburi na mafitsara) da nephritis (kumburi da kodan) yawanci suna raunin hyperglycemia.
Tsarin zuciya. Magungunan atherosclerotic, wadanda aka kirkira saboda karuwar danko na jini, layin ganuwar jijiyoyin jini da rage karfin aikinsu. Jiki na zuciya na myocardium ya daina karɓar abinci mai kyau. Don haka zowar zuciya - necrosis na tsoka na zuciya. Idan mara lafiya ba ya fama da cutar sankara, zai sami jin daɗi da kuma jin ƙonewa a kirjinsa yayin bugun zuciya. A cikin masu ciwon sukari, jiyewar jijiyoyin zuciya yana raguwa, zai iya mutuwa kwatsam. Iri ɗaya ke gudana don tasoshin jini. Suna zama da baki, wanda ke kara hadarin bugun zuciya.
Anya . Ciwon sukari yana lalata ƙananan tasoshin ruwa da kayan ruɓaɓɓu. Idan ƙwayar jini ta toshe babban jirgin ruwa na ido, ɓangaren mutuwa yana ɗaukar ido, kuma ɓarna ko glaucoma suka tashi. Wadannan cututtukan ba su da magani kuma suna haifar da makanta.
Tsarin ciki. Cutar tamowa wanda ke da alaƙa da mummunar iyakoki a cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon suga yana haifar da mutuwar jijiyoyi. Mutumin ya daina yin amfani da kuzarin waje, bai lura da sanyi ba kuma yana kwantar da fata, baya jin zafi da ƙone hannayensa.
Haushi da gumis. Ciwon sukari yana tare da cututtukan cututtukan bakin mutum. Gums yayi laushi, motsi na hakora yana ƙaruwa, gingivitis (kumburi gum) ko periodontitis (kumburi saman farfajiyar ciki) yana haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da asarar haƙori. Abun lura da ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin kan hakora a cikin yara da matasa musamman sanannu ne - da wuya su ga kyakkyawar murmushi: hatta hakoran gaba suna tabarbarewa.
Gastrointestinal fili . A cikin ciwon sukari, ana lalata sel beta, kuma tare da su ƙwayoyin PP waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki. Marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari suna yawan korafi game da cututtukan gastritis (kumburi na mucosa na ciki), zawo (zawo saboda ƙarancin narkewar abinci), siffar gallstones.
Kasusuwa da matsalolin haɗin gwiwa . Urination akai-akai yana haifar da leaching na alli, sakamakon wanda gidajen abinci da tsarin kasusuwa suke fama da shi, kuma haɗarin fadowa yana ƙaruwa.
Fata . Sugararin sukari na jini yana haifar da asarar ayyuka masu kariya ta fata. Caparamin capillaries sun zama alaƙa da lu'ulu'u na sukari, yana haifar da itching. Furuci yana sa fata ta bushe kuma ya bushe sosai. Marasa lafiya a cikin wasu yanayi suna haɓaka vitiligo - rushewar ƙwayoyin fata suna haifar da launi. A wannan yanayin, jiki ya rufe da fararen fata.
Tsarin haihuwa . Yanayin mai dadi yana haifar da ƙasa mai dacewa don haɓakar microflora na dama. A cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, sake dawowa akai-akai na murkushewa na hali ne. A cikin mata, rashin daidaituwa na farji, wanda ke rikitar da jima'i. Hyperglycemia mara kyau yana shafar ci gaban tayi a farkon makonni shida na ciki. Hakanan, ciwon sukari yana haifar da farawa a cikin haila. Zuwan menopause yana faruwa ne a shekara ta 42-43.

Cutar Ciwon Ciki 1

Alamun waje suna taimakawa wajen tantance masu ciwon sukari, saboda cutar ta shafi aikin jiki baki ɗaya. A cikin matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18, ciwon sukari na haɓaka da sauri sosai. Yana faruwa sau da yawa cikin watanni 2-3 bayan faruwar damuwa (SARS, ƙaura zuwa wata ƙasa), cutar sikila na faruwa. A cikin manya, alamomin na iya yin ƙasa, a hankali suna ƙaruwa.

Wadannan alamomi masu zuwa suna haifar da damuwa:

Kaya akai-akai, mutum yakan shiga bayan gida sau da yawa cikin dare.
Rage nauyi (abinci da sha'awar asarar nauyi a cikin samari yana da yawa tare da saurin haɓakar hauhawar jini).
Bayyanar wrinkles ba ta tsufa ba, bushe fata.
Hungerarancin abinci da rashin nauyi.
Hali, rashin tausayi, matashi da sauri ya gaji, tunani mai raɗaɗi ya bayyana a cikin sa.
Yin rauni, ciwon kai mai kaifi, matsalolin hangen nesa.
M ƙishirwa, bushe baki.
Specificayyadaddun ƙanshin Acetone daga bakin, kuma a cikin mummunan yanayi daga jiki.
Gwanin dare.

Idan akalla an lura da symptomsan bayyanar cututtuka, ya kamata a aika mai haƙuri nan da nan zuwa ga endocrinologist.

Youngeraramin jikin, da sauri coma.

Cutar sankarau

Tabbas endocrinologist zai ba da tabbacin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa don ciwon sukari:

Gwajin glucose na jini . Ana ɗaukar jini a cikin komai a ciki, abincin da yakamata ya kasance bai wuce sa'o'i 8 da suka gabata ba. Ana la'akari da ka'idodi mai nuna alama a ƙasa 5.5 mmol / lita. Mai nuna alamar har zuwa 7 mmol / lita yana nuna babban tasirin, 10 mmol / lita kuma mafi girma yana nuna hyperglycemia.
Gwajin haƙuri na gwajin haƙuri . Wannan bincike ana yin shi ne ga waɗanda ke da haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari. A kan komai a ciki, mai haƙuri ya ɗauki maganin glucose. Bayan haka bayan awanni 2 suna shan jini don sukari. A yadda aka saba, mai nuna alama ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 140 mg / dl. Matakan sukari na jini sama da 200 mg / dl sun tabbatar da cutar sankarar bargo.
Glycosylated haemoglobin A1C assay . Wuce kitsen sukari na jini ya danganta da haemoglobin, don haka gwajin A1C ya nuna tsawon lokacin da matakin sukari na jini a cikin jikin mutum yake sama da al'ada. Ana aiwatar da aikin sa ido a kowane watanni 3, matakin glycosylated haemoglobin kada ya wuce 7%.
Gwajin jini don maganin rigakafi . Ana nuna nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari da yawa na rigakafi zuwa sel jikin tsibirin na Langerhans. Suna lalata ƙwayoyin jikin, saboda haka ana kiran su autoimmune. Ta hanyar gano waɗannan sel, an tabbatar da kasancewa da nau'in ciwon suga.
Binciken ƙwayoyin cuta - microalbuminuria . Gano furotin a cikin fitsari. Ya bayyana ba wai kawai tare da matsalolin koda ba, har ma tare da lalacewar tasoshin jini. Babban matakan protein na albumin suna haifar da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.
Cutar ta retinopathy . Babban sakamako na glucose yana cikin katsewa na ƙananan tasoshin ruwa da kayan ruɓaɓɓu. Tsinkayar ido baya karbar caji, yana fitar da mutum akan lokaci kuma yana haifar da makanta. Kayan aiki na dijital na musamman yana ba ka damar ɗaukar hotunan bayan ido kuma ka ga lalata.
Gwajin ƙwayar thyroid. Ara yawan ayyukan thyroid yana haifar da hyperthyroidism - ƙaddamar da wucewar hormones. Hyperthyroidism yana da haɗari saboda fashewar samfuran hormones thyroid yana ƙara yawan glucose a cikin jini, ciwon sukari yana haɗuwa da acidosis (babban acetone a cikin fitsari), osteoporosis (leaching na alli daga ƙasusuwa), arrhythmia (bugun zuciya).

Type 1 ciwon sukari

Ciwon sukari na 1 ba shi da magani, saboda ba za a iya mayar da sel beta ba. Hanya guda daya da za'a tabbatar da matsayin suga a cikin mara lafiya shine ta hanyar daukar insulin, wani sinadari wanda kwayoyin beta na tsibirin na Langerhans suka samar.

Dangane da saurin watsawa da tsawon lokacin tasirin, magunguna tare da insulin sun kasu kashi biyu:

Short Short (Insuman Rapid, Actrapid) . Suna fara aiki da mintina 30 bayan fitowar, don haka suna buƙatar a ɗauke su rabin sa'a kafin abinci. Tare da gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ciki, ana kunna shi bayan minti daya. Tsawon lokacin sakamako shine 6-7 hours.
Matakan Ultrashort (Lizpro, Aspart). Fara aiki a mintina 15 bayan allura. Aikin yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 4 kawai, don haka ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don gudanar da aikin sarrafa famfo.
Matsakaicin matsakaici (Insuman Bazal, Protafan). Tasirin yana faruwa sa'a daya bayan gudanarwa kuma yana ɗaukar awoyi 8-12.
Bayyanar lokaci (Tresiba). Ana gudanar da magungunan sau ɗaya a rana, ba ta da wani matakin da ya dace.

An zaɓi magunguna ga mai haƙuri daban-daban a hade tare da wasu magunguna waɗanda ke hana mummunan tasirin ƙara yawan glucose a cikin jini.

Sabbin jiyya ga masu ciwon sukari na 1

Yanzu masana kimiyya suna ba da sababbin sababbin hanyoyin magance mellitus na ciwon sukari na insulin. Misali, hanyar da ake tura kwayar beta ko maye gurbin wani amare tana da ban sha'awa. Hakanan an gwada kwayoyin halittar, kwayoyin kara karfin kwayoyin halitta ko kuma ana ci gaba da su. Nan gaba, waɗannan hanyoyin zasu maye gurbin injections na insulin na yau da kullun.

Motsa jiki don kamuwa da cutar siga

Motsa jiki a cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari ya zama dole kawai, kodayake akwai ƙuntatawa akan wasanni. Aikin motsa jiki yana daidaita hawan jini, yana inganta jin dadi, yana daidaita nauyi. Amma a wasu yanayi, motsa jiki yana haifar da tsalle-tsalle a cikin matakan glucose na jini.

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, ba za ku iya wuce da kanku ba, don haka horo bai kamata ya wuce minti 40 a rana ba. An yarda da wasanni masu zuwa:

tafiya, hawan keke,
yin iyo, iska, yoga,
kwallon tebur kwallon kafa
azuzuwan a dakin motsa jiki.

Kowane irin nauyin yana da alaƙa idan an gano ketones a cikin fitsari - samfuran fashewar furotin, da haɓaka hawan jini ko matsaloli tare da tasoshin jini.

Inda ake bincikar cutar sukari nau'in 1 kuma ana bi da ita a St. Petersburg, farashin

Idan kuna zargin cutar sankara, tabbatar da yin gwaje-gwaje, zaku iya yin wannan a asibitin Diana da ke St. Petersburg. Anan zaka iya samun shawarwari daga gogaggen endocrinologist, ka kware gwajin daskararre da sauran nau'ikan alamomin. Kudin duban dan tayi shine 1000 rubles, farashin karɓar endocrinologist shine 1000 rubles.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar