Bayyanar cututtuka na ketonuria: nazarin fitsari don acetone, tsari da karkacewa

Manufa: ƙuduri na jikin acetone a cikin fitsari.

Alamu:ciwon sukari, matsananciyar zazzabi, zazzabi, rage cin abinci mara sinadarai a jiki, wasu nau'ikan ciwan daji.

Kayan aiki: 250ml tsabta bushe mai bushe tare da murfi, zane mai tsabta, shugabanci, alama, band roba.

Algorithm ga mara lafiya:

1. da karfe 8.00 na safe don wanke sosai.
2. dauki 100 - 150 ml na fitsari (matsakaicin yanki).
3. rufe akwati tare da murfi.
4. shafa kwandon tare da adiko na goge baki kuma a sanya alama a ciki.
5. barin kwandon a cikin dakin tsabta a cikin akwati na musamman.

Lura: idan mai haƙuri bai san komai ba, ana ɗaukar fitsari tare da catheter

Diastasis fitsari tarin algorithm

Manufa: tabbatar da yanayin aikin pancreas.

Alamu: kumburin koda.

Kayan aiki: 250ml tsabta bushe mai bushe tare da murfi, zane mai tsabta, shugabanci, alama, band roba.

Algorithm ga mara lafiya:

1. da karfe 8.00 na safe don wanke sosai.
2. 50auki 50 - 70 ml na fitsari (matsakaici, rufe akwati tare da murfi).
3. goge kwandon tare da adiko na goge baki kuma a sanya wata alama, a kai wa majinyata.

Tuna! Fitsari ya kamata a kawo shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje mai ɗumi, an sake shi.

Gwajin danshi

Sputum tarin algorithm don bincike gabaɗaya

Manufar shine a bincika cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan tsoka da na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, don nazarin yanayin ƙwayar mahaifa.

Alamu: cututtukan numfashi.

Kayan aiki: tsabtace bushe mai bushe mai ƙuƙwalwa tare da murfi (tasa da aka dafa ko kwanon musamman), zane mai tsabta, alkibla, alama, band roba

Ba ku sami abin da kuke nema ba? Yi amfani da binciken:

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Menene ma'anar glucose da acetone a cikin urinalysis?

Halin mai haƙuri wanda fitsari ya wuce matakin al'ada na glucose ana kiran shi glucosuria. Tare da haɓaka mai mahimmanci a cikin taro na jikin ketone a cikin jikin, acetonuria (ketonuria) yana faruwa.

Ana nuna alamun da ke tantance waɗannan yanayin a cikin millimoles na abu a cikin 1 lita na ruwa mai gwajin (mmol / l).

Idan alamu sun fi na yau da kullun girma, wannan yana nuna cewa tubules na kodan basa aiki yadda yakamata, basa yin aikinsu, kuma ana fitar da glucose mai yawa a cikin fitsari.

Idan ƙimar glucose ta al'ada ba ta wuce kima ba, to wannan na iya zama sabon abu na ɗan lokaci wanda ke da alaƙa da yawan ƙwayar carbohydrates. Binciken da aka maimaita zai iya fayyace kasancewar / rashi na glucosuria.

Ketonuria yana nuna rashin daidaituwa na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki, lokacin da glucose, lokacin da ya rasa, ana amfani da kitsen mai a cikin metabolism. A sakamakon wannan, tsoffin ƙwayoyin ketone suna bayyana a cikin hanta, wanda daga nan ya shiga fitsari.

Wadanne alamu ne ke taimakawa wajen tantance acetonuria da glucosuria?

Za'a iya ba da shawarar kasancewar glucosuria ta waɗannan alamu:

• a kullum halin barci,
• ƙishirwa
• nauyi asara ba ga wani dalili bayyananne
• urination akai-akai,
• tashin zuciya / itching,
• wanda ba a bayyana ba
• bushe fata.

Ko da ɗayan waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka suna nan, wannan lokaci ne don tuntuɓi ƙwararrun likita da sauri.

Bayan duk wannan, dalilin da ya sa ake samun ci gaban glucosuria shine mellitus na ciwon sukari, wanda yake haifar da sakamako mara kyau ga jikin gaba daya. Kwayar cutar cututtukan da ke ba da shawarar kasancewar acetonuria a cikin manya da yara sun bambanta.

A cikin manya, dalilin wucewar bincike na iya zama:

• ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin,
• m pungent wari da fitsari,
• taunawa ko ɓacin rai na tunani ba ga wani dalili bayyananne.

Ga yara, alamu masu zuwa halaye ne:

• akwai yawan tashin zuciya da rashin cin abinci,
• kusan kowace abinci tana tare da amai,
• excitability da sauri ya juya zuwa lethargy ko nutsuwa,
• rauni ne kullum ji
• ciwon kai
• spastic sha raɗaɗin faruwa a cikin ciki, wanda mafi yawanci ana saitin cikin cibiya,
• akwai karuwa a zazzabi,
• fitsari mara kyau ko matsanancin fata, bushewar sa ana ganinsa
• Daga bakin da fitsari yana da ƙamshin acetone.

Glucosuria da acetonuria na iya kasancewa a lokaci guda kuma daban. Idan fitsari ya ƙunshi sukari da acetone, wannan tabbas alama ce ta ciwon sukari, wanda ke buƙatar magani da abinci.

Ana shirin sallama fitsari

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don nazarin fitsari don jikin glucose / ketone tare da algorithm daban-daban don la'akari da sakamakon. Hanya ta farko ta ƙunshi tattara fitsari kawai na safe, kuma don na biyu wajibi ne don tara fitsari na tsawon awanni 24.

Tarin yau da kullun shine mafi yawan sanarwa, saboda yana ba ka damar ƙididdige yawan adadin glucose da acetone waɗanda ke shiga fitsari a kowace rana kuma ƙayyade yadda ƙarfin glucoseuria / acetonuria ya bayyana.

Kafin fara tattara fitsari yau da kullun, wajibi ne don shirya akwati da ta dace. Zai fi kyau tara fitsari kai tsaye a cikin kwalbar mai lita 3, kullun wanke shi, ana ci shi da ruwan zãfi.

Sannan kuna buƙatar shirya ƙaramin ganga wanda za'a tattara kayan da aka tattara zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Ba za ku iya cin ƙoshin zaƙi ba kafin ɗaukar gwajin.

Kafin tattarawa, ya kamata ku bi wasu kayan abinci da zubar da samfuran da suke canza launi fitsari. Wannan shi ne:

A ranar tattara fitsari don bincike, damuwa, damuwa ta jiki da ta ruhi ya kamata a cire shi.

Yaya za a wuce gwajin fitsari don acetone da sukari?

Ciwon sukari yana tsoron wannan maganin, kamar wuta!

Kawai kawai buƙatar nema ...

Kafin fara tattarawa, wajibi ne don wanke al'aurar ta amfani da sabulu. Sannan a bushe su da tawul ɗin takarda.

Idan ba a aiwatar da wannan aikin a hankali ba, za a iya gurbata sakamakon binciken saboda microbes suna shiga cikin kayan gwajin. Ana rasa kashi na farko na fitsari, kuma tattarawar yana farawa ne da urination na gaba.

Ana tattara fitsari tun daga safe na ranar farko har zuwa safiyar ranar 2 ga cikin awanni 24. Abubuwan da aka tattara ta wannan hanyar ana adana su a cikin firiji, zazzabi wanda ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 4-8 ° C.

An hana shi daskare fitsari. Sannan tarin tarin da aka shirya ya gauraye sosai kuma an zuba 150-200 MG a cikin kwandon musamman da aka shirya don jigilar kayayyaki zuwa dakin binciken.

Lokaci guda tare da kayan da aka tattara, wajibi ne don samar da tsari tare da bayanan da ke gaba:

• lokaci don fara tattara fitsari,
• jimlar girma da aka karɓa kowace rana
• tsayi / nauyin mai haƙuri.

Yayin haila, ba zaku iya tattara fitsari ba.

Norms na manya da yara

Halin da ke cikin glucose, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba, 0.06-0.08 mmol / L.

A cikin mutane daban-daban, musamman ma a cikin tsufa, yana iya canzawa, amma har zuwa 1.7 mmol / l, ana ganin alamar ta al'ada ce. Abubuwan da aka yarda da acetone a cikin fitsari kuma basu dogara da shekaru ba kuma shine 10-30 MG kowace rana.

Idan darajar yau da kullun ta wuce 50 MG, to, ƙarin binciken jikin ya zama dole.

Bayyana sakamakon binciken da dalilan karkacewa

Binciken yana da ma'ana kuma kasancewar ciwon sukari mellitus an ƙaddara ta waɗannan sigogi masu zuwa:

• ƙanshi mai daɗin kamshi,
• babban pH (sama da 7),
• Wucewa acetone
• Yawan wuce haddi.

Idan adadin glucose ya fi 8.8-10 mmol / l ("ƙarancin renal"), to wannan yana nuna cutar koda, mai cutar kansa.

Idan wuce haddi glucose yayi kadan, zamu iya Magana game da glucoseurio na jiki.

Yanayin jiki na glucoururia na iya haɓaka azaman amsawa ga:

• cin abinci mai yawa na carbohydrates lokacin da jiki ba zai iya aiwatar da su nan da nan ba,
• damuwa da damuwa ko yanayin damuwa,
• shan wasu magunguna (maganin kafeyin, phenamine, da sauransu).

Sau da yawa ana lura da glucoseuria a cikin mata masu juna biyu. Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana kanta a cikin watanni uku na ciki, lokacin da jikin mace yana tsayayya da haɓakar samar da insulin.

A gare su, ana ɗaukar ƙwayar glucose zuwa 2.7 mmol / L a matsayin al'ada. Idan wannan alamar ta wuce, ana buƙatar ƙarin karatu.

Ka'idar ketone da cutar cututtukan dabbobi

Kasancewar ƙananan ƙwayoyin acetone a cikin ruwan da ƙodan ke kwance. Kasancewa a cikin iyakoki na al'ada (milligram 10-30 a cikin awanni 24), basa buƙatar magani. Jiyya ba lallai ba ne tare da ƙananan karkacewa. Game da wuce haddi mai karfi na ka'idar ketone, yana da gaggawa a gano sanadin kuma daukar matakan da suka dace.

Idan babu lokacin yin gwaji na acetone a cikin fitsari a cikin cibiyar likitanci, kuna buƙatar siyan sifofin gwaji a kantin magani. Suna ba ku damar sanin matakin ketone jikin da kanku. Sakamakon gwaji tare da ma'auni akan kunshin.

A matsakaicin darajar, wato, tare da ƙari uku, zamu iya magana game da mummunan yanayin mai haƙuri, tunda adadin jikin acetone shine 10 mmol / l. A wannan halin, ana gaggawa mutum zuwa asibiti kuma ana fara magani nan da nan.

Idan sikelin ya tsaya a da biyu, to, ketone jikin su 4 mmol / l. Tare da ƙari ɗaya na acetone, kawai 1.5 mmol / L. Irin waɗannan alamu suna ba da damar jiyya a gida, suna nuna ɗan karkatarwa ga al'ada. Idan babu ƙari, to, yanayin acetone a cikin fitsari bai canza ba. Game da lafiya mai kyau, amma rashin aiki mai kyau na tsirin gwajin, ana sake maimaita binciken ko aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don nazarin fitsari. Dole ne a tattara ruwan da safe, kai tsaye bayan barci.

Algorithm ƙaddara ta hanyar bayyana hanyar a gida

Za'a iya yin gwajin fitsari don acetone a gida. Don yin wannan, akwai matakan gwaji da ke canza launi gwargwadon taro na jikin ketone a cikin fitsari. An kwatanta launi na tsiri bayan nutsuwa cikin sabbin fitsari da aka tara tare da ma'aunin launi akan kunshin.

Fassarar sakamakon bincike kamar haka:

• daya da alamar yana nuna kasancewar fitsari a jikin jikin mutum yakai 1.5 mmol / l ketone. Wannan matakin digiri ne na acetonuria. A wannan yanayin, don kawar da wannan yanayin, magani a gida ya isa
• biyu suna da alaƙa da ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa 4 mmol / l da tsananin zafin cutar, maganin da aka fi yi a wuraren likita,
• plusari uku na nuni da kasancewar mm 10 mmol / l na wannan abun. Wannan yana nuna cewa mai haƙuri yana cikin mummunan yanayin cutar, wanda magani ya wajaba kawai a cikin asibiti.

Rashin haɗari yana nuna yanayin al'ada na jiki.

A cikin dattijo

Abinda ya haifar da karkacewa da dabi'ar acetone a cikin ruwan da kodan ya ware na iya zama abinci mai kitse. Tsarin narkewar abinci bazai iya jurewa daga lalacewarsa da lalacewarsa ba. Sauran dalilan sun hada da:

• rashin abinci mai dauke da carbohydrate,
• kaya masu nauyi na tsarin jiki, wasanni na kwararru,
• azumi na tsawon lokaci, tsaftataccen abinci,
• ciwon sukari mellitus 1 da digiri 2,
• da haɓaka zafin jiki zuwa manyan kuɗi,
• maye na jiki tare da barasa,
• chloroform maganin barci,
• coma coma da precoatose jihar,
• cututtuka da sauran cututtuka masu tsanani (oncology na ciki, anemia, cachexia),
• sakamakon raunin CNS.

Idan ketonuria ya faru saboda cutar sankara, magani ya zama dole a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararrun likita.

A cikin yara, cututtukan farji da ke tasowa kafin shekarun su goma sha biyu ne. A wannan lokacin, dumbin aiki yayi mata, wanda hakan bazai iya jurewa ba. Rashin nasara yana faruwa a cikin aikin sa, wanda ke tsokani acetonuria. Dalilan da ke haifar da karuwa a yawan jikin acetone a cikin fitsari suma sun hada da yawan wuce gona da iri, yawan aiki, yanayin damuwa ko yawan tashin hankali, da kuma zazzabi, zazzabi.

Abubuwan haɓakawa na Ketonuria sune tsutsotsi, dysentery, diathesis da shan maganin rigakafi a cikin sashi wanda likita bai tsara ba.

A cikin mata masu matsayi

Ba a gano ainihin dalilan da ke haifar da karuwar kwayoyin ketone a lokacin daukar ciki ba. Likitocin sun ambaci abubuwa da yawa wadanda zasu iya haifar da irin wannan karkace:

• mummunar muhalli
• halin tunani game da mahaifiyar da ke zuwa a yayin haihuwa da gabanta,
• rage tsarin tsarin rigakafi,
• toxicosis, eclampsia, thyrotoxicosis,
• amfani da kayayyakin dauke da dyes, abubuwan adanawa, kayan kamshi.

Ziyarar likita a lokacin haihuwar jariri idan an gano shi acetonuria na wajaba. Likita zai ba da maganin da ake buƙata ko abincin don kada karkatarwar ta cutar da tayin da mahaifiyar da ke jira.

Bayyanar cututtuka na ketonuria

Increaseara yawan acetone a cikin fitsari ana iya tantance shi ta hanyar bayyananniyar halayen. Wannan rashin hankali ne da rashin hankalin mutum na haƙuri, ƙanshin warin ketone daga ramin roba da kuma lokacin da mafitsara ya zama fanko.

Ga yara, wata alama ce ta daban daban ta asali. Jariri ba ya cin komai kwata-kwata, lokacin da ya sha ruwa, amai ya fara. Jariri ya dame shi da ciwon kai, rauni, amai bayan yayi ƙoƙarin cin wani abu. Yana gunaguni da zafi a cikin ciki, kusa da cibiya, akwai zazzaɓi, harshensa ya bushe. Kamshin ketone ya fito ne daga fitsari, amai, da numfashi.

Maganin Acetonuria

Lokacin da karkatar da sassan jikin ketone daga al'ada ke kadan, zai isa a sanya tsari na abinci da na yau da kullun. Idan acetone yayi yawa, ana kai mutum asibiti kuma an tura shi ya dauki fitsari don bincike.

Bayan gwajin, likitan ya ba da cikakken ingantaccen abinci da tsarin shayarwa da yawa ga mai haƙuri. Ruwan ya bugu cikin kananan rabo kuma galibi. Ana bai wa yara ruwa a cikin karamin cokali biyu a minti 10. Kuna iya amfani da Regidron ko Orsol. Kofuna na chamomile, raisins da wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa masu bushe, ruwan alkaline ma ya dace.

Tare da vomiting, ana yin allurar Tserukal. Saboda yawan amai da ruwa, ana iya sarrafa ruwa ta hanyar dusar ƙwari. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da sihiri (farin ƙarfe, Sorbex) don cire gubobi daga jiki. Ana iya ba da ɗan enema. A yanayin zafi, ruwan da aka zubo a ciki za'a iya maye shi da ruwan gishiri.

Cikakken abinci mai gina jiki don ilimin cuta

Bayar da abincin abinci yanayin ne wanda ba tare da wanda ba za a sami ingantacciyar magani ga acetonuria ba. Daga samfuran nama nama zomo da naman sa, an yarda da naman turkey. Zaka iya amfani dasu kawai a cikin Boiled da stewed form. Abun cikin menu zai iya haɗawa da kifin mai mai kitse, hatsi. Kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ruwan' ya'yan itace, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ruwan sha da ke cike da bitamin zasu zama da amfani. A cikin abincin yau da kullun, za'a iya samun soups da borscht kayan lambu.

Abincin gwangwani, Sweets, nama mai kitse da broths dafaffun su an cire su daga menu don ketonuria. Amfani da ayaba, 'ya'yan itatuwa' ya'yan lemo da soyayyen abinci ba da shawarar ba.

Ana gano yanayin yanayin, wanda aka bayyana a cikin nau'i na tarin ƙwayoyin ketone a cikin jini, ana gano shi ta hanyar binciken fitsari baki ɗaya don acetone. Deviaramin karkatarwa baya haifar da barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam kuma ana cire shi a gida. Tare da karuwa mai yawa a cikin adadin jikkunan acetone, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar asibiti da kulawa da lafiya.

Horar da haƙuri don tattara fitsari a kan jikin ketone, acetone.

Manufa: samar da ingantaccen shiri don nazari da karbar lokacin sakamako.

Shiri: fadakarwa da ilimantar da mara lafiya.

Kayan aiki: tsabta gilashin gilashi, shugabanci.

Bayyana wa mara lafiya (dangi) ma'anar da wajibcin binciken mai zuwa kuma ya sami yardarsa ga binciken.

Bayar da haƙuri game da binciken mai zuwa:

A) akan tsarin marasa lafiya:

Don ilmantar da mai haƙuri (dangi) game da ka'idoji don shirya jita-jita don tattara fitsari: gilashin gilashin da ke da ƙarfin 200 ml ya kamata a wanke tare da soda,

B) a cikin yanayin marasa lafiya da marasa haƙuri:

Yi bayani cewa ba tare da shiri na musamman ba, ana tattara fitsari safe a cikin adadin 50-100 ml.

Nemi mai haƙuri (dangi) don maimaita duk bayanan, yi tambayoyi game da shirye-shiryen tsarawa. Idan ya cancanta, bayar da rubutattun umarnin.

a) akan outpatient-akai:

ba mai haƙuri game da batun gwajin fitsari ta hanyar cike fom,

bayyana wa mara lafiya a wane lokaci ne ya kamata danginsa ko danginsa su kawo akwatin fitsari da alkibla,

b) a tsarin asibiti:

nuna wuri da lokacin da za'a kawo gilashi,

ba da lokacin da za a tara kayan da aka tara a dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Eterayyade diureis na yau da kullun.

Diuresis - Tsarin kirkiro da fitar fitsari.

Diureis na yau da kullun- Yawan yawan fitsari da mara lafiya ya fitar a kowace rana.

A yadda aka saba, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya ware 1.5 - 2 na fitsari a rana.

Koyaya, adadinta ya dogara da tsarin sha, aikin jiki, da sauransu.

Lokacin yin lissafin yawan ruwan sha, ana yin la'akari da ƙarar (a cikin ml) na jita-jita na farko (75% na ruwa), na biyu jita-jita (50% na ruwa), ruwa ya bugu a lokacin rana - a gilashin 250 ml (kefir, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ruwan ma'adinai, kayan lambu,' ya'yan itatuwa), mafita gabatar da parenterally kuma lokacin shan kwayoyi.

Ivanov I.I. Shekaru 20

7 / II- 01 g. Sa hannu m / s

Haɗa allon daga cikin gilashi tare da maɓallin roba na likita.

Horar da marasa lafiya don tattara fitsari yau da kullun.

Manufa: samar da ingantaccen shiri don nazari da karbar lokacin sakamako.

Shiri: fadakarwa da ilimantar da mara lafiya.

Kayan aiki: 2 - 3 lita gilashin gilashin tsabta, shugabanci.

Bayyana wa mara lafiya (dangi) ma'anar da wajibcin karatun mai zuwa.

Bayyana wa mara lafiya cewa lallai ne ya kasance cikin tsarin abinci-ruwa na al'ada. An soke magungunan diuretic kowace rana.

A) akan tsarin marasa lafiyamai haƙuri (dangi) ya shirya gilashin gilashin mai tsabta tare da damar 2 - 3 lita,

B) a cikin saiti na ciki da marassa lafiyadon koyar da mara lafiya dabarar tattara fitsari don bincike da kuma ƙididdigar yawan ruwa:

Da karfe 8 na safe da safe mara lafiya na yin ta ነገር a bayan gida, sannan har sai karfe 8 na dare gobe mai haƙuri ya tattara dukkan fitsari a cikin tukunyar,

Don sanin daidaiton ruwa na mara haƙuri (iyali), ma'aikacin jinya ya dauki nauyin shan ruwan da rana:

matakan farko ana la'akari dasu

ana gudanar da magunguna na parenteral.

Nemi mai haƙuri ya maimaita duk bayanan da aka karɓa daga gare ku, idan mai haƙuri yana da wahalar koyo, ba shi rubutattun umarnin.

a) akan outpatient-akai:

ba mai haƙuri game da batun gwajin fitsari ta hanyar cike fom,

bayyana wa mara lafiya inda kuma a wane lokaci ne ya kamata danginsa su kawo akwati tare da fitsari da shugabanci,

b) a tsarin asibiti:

bayyana wa mai haƙuri inda yakamata ya riƙe tukunyar (idan ya cancanta, ƙara abin da aka kiyaye - formaldehyde),

bayyana wa mara lafiya inda ya kamata ya bar akwati da fitsari da kuma wanda zai ba da labari game da shi.