Dogon bayan aiki

A cikin lura da ciwon sukari, ana amfani da nau'ikan insulin. Akwai ƙwayoyi da yawa da suka bambanta a cikin halayen kansu na insulin, don haka waɗannan kwayoyi ba koyaushe ne masu musayar su ba.

Kowane nau'in insulin yana da lokacin aikinsa da kololuwar aiki. Likita ya kayyade mafi kyawun insulin da nau'ikanta a kowane yanayi, gwargwadon tsananin ciwon sukari da cututtuka masu alaƙa.

Kafin a samar da tsari na insulin allurar mutum, yana da muhimmanci a san irin nau'ikan insulin da menene tasirin su ga jikin mai haƙuri.

Harkokin insulin

Kodan yakan tona asirin 35-50 na insulin dare da rana, wannan shine kashi 0.6-1.2 a kowace kilo kilogram na nauyin jiki. 1 na insulin yayi daidai da microgram 36 (mcg) ko 0.036 mg.

Basal insulin ɓoye yana ba da glycemia da metabolism tsakanin abinci da lokacin bacci. Kusan kashi 50% na aikin insulin yau da kullun shine asalin aikin insulin.

Abincin abinci na insulin shine hauhawar sukari cikin jini bayan cin abinci, wanda ke tabbatar da tsinkayen hyperglycemia "bayan cin abinci" da kuma sha na carbohydrates. Yawan insulin na rage cin abinci yayi daidai da adadin carbohydrates din da aka cinye.

Samun insulin ya bambanta da lokacin rana. Bukatar wannan kwayoyin ta girma da safe, daga misalin ƙarfe 4 na safe, sannan sannu a hankali yana raguwa.

Lokacin karin kumallo, ana samar da raka'a insulin 1.5-2.5 na 10-12 g na carbohydrates.

1.0-1.2 da 1.1-1.3 raka'a suna ɓoye na adadin adadin carbohydrates dare da maraice.

Tsarin insulin

Da farko, anyi amfani da insulin na asalin dabba. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana kimiyya sun sami damar samun wannan kwayoyin ta hanyar kimiyyar hauka tare da babban matakin tsarkakewa. A cikin 1983, an yi amfani da insulin na wucin gadi a cikin magani, kuma an haramta insulin dabbobi.

Ka'idar ƙirƙirar kayan aiki ita ce sanya kayan donwa a cikin sel waɗanda ba su cikin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na Escherichia coli ko yisti. Bayan irin wannan bayyanar, kwayoyin cuta da kansu suna samar da kwayoyin.

Abubuwan insulins na zamani sun bambanta dangane da fallasa da kuma jerin amino acid. Dangane da matsayin tsarkakewa, sune:

• na gargajiya
• dodo,
• kararrawa.

Akwai nau'ikan abinci guda biyu ko na insulin gajere:

1. Short insulin: Biogulin R, Actrapid NM, Monodar, Humodar R, Actrapid MS, Monosuinsulin MK,
2. Ultrashort insulin: Insulin Glulizin (Apidra), Insulin Lizpro (Humalog).

Magunguna masu aiki na yau da kullun ko magungunan basal suna da dogon aiki da kuma matsakaici na tsawon lokaci. Daga cikin na kowa:

• insulin isophane
• insulin zinc da sauransu.

Akwai magunguna waɗanda suka haɗa da hanzarin insulins da kwayoyi na dogon lokaci - gaurayayyun insulins. Ana amfani dasu don maganin insulin na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus.

Hakanan ana haɗuwa da cakuda insulins a cikin lura da masu ciwon sukari irin na 1.

Ultrashort insulin

A wasu yanayi, insulin ultrashort wani nau'in injiniya ne wanda yake fara aiki da zaran an shigar dashi cikin jikin mutum, wannan ya zama dole don encephalopathy. Ayyukan yana ƙaruwa, yawanci bayan sa'a daya da rabi kuma yana zuwa awa huɗu.

Ana sarrafa insulin Ultrashort ne kawai bayan abinci ko kafin. Wannan nau'in ya hada da:

1. Insulin sa,
2. Sabon Rapid
3. Insulin Humalog.

Sakamakon wannan nau'in insulin sananne ne ga masu ciwon sukari da yawa. Ana iya bayyana tasirin sakamako bayan gudanarwa nan da nan ko kuma ba a bayyana kwata-kwata. Lokacin da suka faru, yana da mahimmanci a nemi likita kai tsaye.

Wadanne nau'in insulin daga zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su an fi amfani dasu, likitan ya yanke shawara a kowane yanayi.

Sakamakonsu ya dogara da yanayin mai haƙuri, tsawon lokacin amfani da abubuwanda aka gabatar.

Short insulin

Short ko sauki insulin ya fara aiki bayan minti 20-30. Yana girma na tsawon awanni 2-3 bayan gudanar da maganin, kuma jimlar aikin shine 5-6 awanni.

Ana gudanar da insulin na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin abinci, kuna buƙatar tsayayya da dakatarwa tsakanin allura da ɗaukar abinci a cikin minti na 10-15.

Wajibi ne cewa lokacin cin abinci ya zo daidai da lokacin da aka kiyasta mafi kyawun abu. Gyara, ingantacciyar asalin halitta, gajeran hancin da ke da ƙananan tasirin sune:

• Insulan Actrapid,
• Tsarin Humulin "da sauransu.

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi dalilin da yasa ake amfani da insulin ko wani, likitan da ke halartar dole ne ya amsa.

Matsayin insulin an ƙaddara shi gwargwadon halayen mutum na masu ciwon sukari.

Matsakaici Insulin

Lokacin nazarin nau'ikan insulin, abubuwa tare da matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki ya kamata a nuna. Waɗannan su ne insulins, sakamakon abin da ya ɗauki tsawon sa'o'i 12-14.

Ana buƙatar insulin na matsakaici ba fiye da injections 1-2 a kowace rana ba. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana yin allura tare da tazara tsakanin 8-12 hours, suna taimakawa bayan sa'o'i 2-3. Wannan tasirin maganin yana faruwa ne sakamakon tasirin da yafi girma akan jikin ɗan adam. Matsakaici insulin ba wai kawai nau'in injiniya bane, har ma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar jini.

Ana jin mafi girman tasirin bayan sa'o'i 6-8. Matsayi na matsakaiciyar matsakaici sun hada da:

1. Protafan
2. Insulan Humulin NPH,
3. Humodar br da sauransu.

Wanne daga cikinsu zaiyi aiki mafi kyau kuma me yasa, likita ya yanke shawara, dangane da tarihin likita. Abubuwan da ke haifar da rauni suna da wuya kuma bayan tsawan amfani.

Game da rarrabuwa

Ana iya sanin insulin a cikin sharuddan rarrabuwa. Wannan rarrabuwar da za'ayi ta asalin asalin abubuwan.

Abun da ake kira shanu an samo shi ne daga cututtukan garkunan shanu. Abubuwan sun bambanta sosai da yanayin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam, halayen rashin lafiyan lokuta sukan same shi. Wadannan kwayoyi sun hada da:

Sau da yawa ana samun su ta hanyar allunan insulin.

Theungiyar alade na iya zama tsawan mataki. Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da insulin ɗan adam a cikin rukuni ɗaya na amino acid, wanda kuma yana haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen.

Wani kwatankwacin kwatancin abu shine asalin halitta da injiniya. Ana fitar da kayan aikin ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:

1. bangaren dan adam yana hade ne ta hanyar amfani da Coli,
2. sauya aladu ta canzawar amino acid.

Me yasa wannan ko wannan zaɓi shine mafi kyawu za'a iya gano shi kawai bayan hanyoyin da yawa.

Abubuwan da suke kama da insulin ɗan adam sun haɗa da:

Groupungiyar ta ƙarshe tana ƙunshe da analogues na insulin, wanda ya haɗa da tsarin injininsa, abubuwan da aka samo asali da kuma kayan ɗan adam. Ana ɗauka insulin da aka haɗo shine mafi dacewa ga masu ciwon sukari, tunda an rage bayyanar cututtuka da sakamako masu illa. An cimma hakan ne domin babu furotin.

Wannan rarrabuwa ya samar da wata dama ta samar da tunani wanda irin nau'in abu ne wanda zai yi tasiri a kowane yanayi.

Hormone antagonist insulin

Kowane mai adawa da sashin insulin yana samar da matakan ƙara yawan sukarin jini. Suna iya yin dogon aiki.

Magungunan anti-hormonal na irin wannan abu, alal misali, Sinamlbumin, an kirkiresu.

Glucagon yana buƙatar gane shi azaman antagonist. Wadannan sun hada da:

1. adrenaline
2. bawo
3. corticosteroid
4. somatotrapin,
5. jima'i ba
6. kwayoyin tizroedny.

Insulinoreactive insulin yana cikin rukuni; shine sabon magani mafi dacewa ga masu ciwon sukari.

Shawarwarin

Daga dukkan magungunan da ake da su, yakamata ka zaɓi waɗanda suke haifar da ƙarancin rashin lafiyar jiki da illa. Irin waɗannan kuɗaɗen sun dace da matsakaicin yawan mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari.

Ba a fifita insulins dabbobi saboda suna da furotin na ƙasan waje. Yana da mahimmanci koyaushe bincika alamun tasirin akan sunayen samfuran. MS wani bangare ne guda ɗaya, ingantaccen insulin. NM kwatankwacin yanayin insulin mutum ne.

Lambobin "100" ko "50" suna nuna yadda raka'a insulin suke a cikin 1 ml. Idan sama da mutum ɗari - wannan babban taro shine maganin insulin. Don amfani da shi, kuna buƙatar alkalami na syringe wanda ana yin allurar insulin.

Hanyar gargajiya wacce ake amfani da allurar insulin tana da fuskoki iri-iri iri iri, daga bukatar farawa daga insulin, yana karewa da kirkirar tsoron allura. Masana kimiyya suna haɓaka zaɓuɓɓuka koyaushe waɗanda za ku iya allurar sauƙi ko kowane tsawon aiki.

Insulin na baka shine babban cigaba, wanda farashinsa yayi yawa kwarai. Hanyar ita ce mafi kyau a cikin cewa babu buƙatar bayar da allura sau ɗaya a rana ko fiye.

Insulin na baka, wanda mutum yake karba da abinci, yana haifar da tsarin sukari ya shiga cikin jini. Lokacin da yawan sukari ya karu, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta fara aiki da samar da insulin. Tare da samfuran narkewar abinci, insulin ya isa hanta. Wannan sashin jiki yana aiki azaman mai tsarawa wanda ke rarraba insulin a cikin adadin da ya dace don sauran gabobin.

Idan akai la'akari da nau'in insulin da tasirin su, zamu iya ambaci abinci, musamman kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ma'anar ita ce cewa waɗannan samfurori suna daidaita matsayin insulin a cikin jikin mutum.

Taimaka ƙananan sukari:

Matakan insulin yana ƙaruwa:

Bai kamata a taɓa yin amfani da insulin ba. Kula da dokokin ajiya na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ulinaukar insulin na iya kawo cikas ga yin tafiya na yau da kullun kuma yana haifar da:

Ya kamata a adana insulin a zazzabi na digiri 2-8 a wuri mai duhu, amma ba a cikin sanyi ba. A wannan yanayin zafin jiki, sinadarin yana riƙe da tsarin rayuwarsa da kuma sifofin halittu.

Temperaturesarancin zafi yana rage bioactivity na magani. Lokacin da insulin ya kasance girgije, to bai kamata a yi amfani dashi ba. Wadannan abubuwan mamaki, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana lura da su a ƙarƙashin aiwatar da yanayin zafi tare da girgizawa.

Idan maganin ya daskare sau daya, to ba za'a iya amfani dashi ba. Duk wani katako da abubuwa masu narkewa a cikin dakatarwar sun nuna cewa ba a son a yi amfani da su.

Ko da kuwa kayan sun kasance cikin rukuni mai sauƙaƙe ko yana haɗuwa da insulin, dole ne a adana maganin har zuwa makonni shida, har sai ya girgije. Da zarar wannan ya faru, ba za a sake amfani da kayan ba.

An wajabta insulin ta babban likita ko kuma endocrinologist. Idan akwai nakasassu, to akwai wasu fa'idodi.

Ana iya samun bayanai kan nau'ikan insulin ta hanyar kallon bidiyo a wannan labarin.

Menene dadewa insulin

Ga marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, insulin na tsawon lokaci magani ne mai mahimmanci. Kuma wannan magana ba tushe bace. Sokewa ko da allura guda ɗaya na iya haifar da mutuwar mai haƙuri idan taimako bai isa a kan lokaci ba. Komai yana da nauyi sosai saboda dalili guda - injections insulin ya rama homon a jikin mutum, wanda, saboda ilimin cuta, ya daina samar da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin adadin da ake buƙata.

Idan jiki yana cikin farkon cutar, mai haƙuri yawanci yana buƙatar jigilar magani tare da insulin gajere ko matsananci. A wannan yanayin, ana ba da allurar ƙarƙashin ƙasa bayan abinci.

Ciwon sukari ko cutar sukari cuta ce ga jikin mutum wanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin endocrine. Nau'in farko ...

Idan cutar ta kai mataki na gaba na ci gaba, an wajabta mai haƙuri nau'ikan insulin na dogon lokaci, tsarin shayarwa wanda ya dace da lokaci-lokaci kuma yana buƙatar tsari mai tsauri.

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa duk sunayen 'insulins' na tsawaitawa ana yin su ne ta hanyar likita kuma kawai a cikin cikakkiyar rashi na samar da hormone mai zaman kanta ta hanyar ƙwayar mutum, tare da saurin mutuwar ƙwayoyin beta.

Ana kuma kiranta nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ba ya da maganin insulin. Wannan mummunan cuta ce da ake ...

Lokacin rubuta magani, likita dole ne yayi nazarin bayanan mai haƙuri, yana nuna matakin glucose a cikin jini a cikin makonni uku da suka gabata, kuma zai fi dacewa daga wata zuwa watanni biyu.

Lokacin ana amfani da insulin tsawan lokaci

Don rayuwa ta yau da kullun, an tsara insulin mai tsawo a matsayin muhimmi, ga marassa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar sukari irin ta 1, tare da gano wani nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, an wajabta insulin-insulin a matsayin monotherapy.

Basalin insulin shine insulin wanda yake samarwa a jiki kullun cikin sa'o'i 24 a rana, ba tare da la’akari da lokaci da kuma yawan abincin da ake ci ba. Koyaya, a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari na II, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba ta iya samar da kwayar halittar cikin ƙarancin allurai. Ana ba da allurar insulin tsawon lokaci 1 da safe, kafin abinci, wasu lokuta biyu. Magungunan zai fara aiki cikakke bayan sa'o'i uku kuma yana aiki har zuwa sa'o'i 24.

A cikin jiyya na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, dole ne a haɓaka insulin basal tare da gajere ko inshora na ultrashort.

Insulin aiki na dindindin, sunayen waɗanda aka bayar a ƙasa, suna da mahimmanci a cikin halayen masu zuwa:

Innovation a cikin ciwon sukari - kawai sha kowace rana.

• ilizationarfafa glucose na jini da safe kafin abinci,
• riƙe da mahimmancin matakin kwayoyin a cikin dare,
• rage tasirin irin wannan abu kamar "sanyin safiya",
• rigakafin ketoocytosis da adana sel na beta a cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari,
• kwantar da hankali game da yanayin jikin mutum da kuma riƙe shi daga ci gaba da cutar a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.

Gwargwadon kashi na tsawon insulin ne kawai daga likita, bayan cikakken bincike na mai haƙuri da jerin allura ta gwaji. Don hana hypoglycemia a cikin allurai na farko, maida hankali ne kan taro na hormone. Sannan natsuwa sannu a hankali ya rage don daidaita matsayin glucose a cikin jini.

Inganta insulin yana da mahimmanci don amfani daidai. Ba ya taimakawa, azaman taimakon gaggawa, kwantar da sukari na jini bayan cin abinci, kamar insulin gajere ko matattara. Aikinta ba mai sauri bane. Dogaro allurar insulin na bukatar yin riko da tsari da jadawalin. Jayayya daga lokacin da aka zaɓa zai iya haifar da mummunar sakamako ga lafiyar mai haƙuri, tun da yake alamar glucose na jini ba zai tabbata ba.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Yin amfani da insulins masu aiki na dogon lokaci, mai haƙuri yana ba jikinsa cikakkiyar kwatankwacin ƙwayar mutum. A na al'ada, insulin aiki na dindindin, sunayen wadanda zasu tattauna a kasa, sun kasu kashi biyu: tsawon lokacin aikin shine sa'o'i 15 kuma tsawon lokacin aikin ya kai awowi 30.

Bayan ya kai matsayin mafi girman hankali a cikin saurin tafiya, insulin aiki na tsawan lokaci yana fara raguwa iri daya ne a hankali ba tare da haifar da matsanancin halaye da tsalle a cikin jinin mai haƙuri ba. Kuma a nan abu mafi mahimmanci shine kada ku rasa lokacin lokacin da sakamakon allurar ta zama sifili kuma shigar da kashi na gaba na maganin. Dogon insulin yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani kamar kowace magani.

• gabatarwa mai sauki
• tsarin kulawa yana da sauki kuma mai sauki ga mai haƙuri da danginsa,
• low nuna alama na hade da dabarun da zama dole bayani domin magani,
• Rashin bukatar kulawa da matakan glucose na jini,
• mai zaman kansa kan sarrafa cutar kuma ana iya ci gaba da ba da magani.

• barga hadarin cutar hypoglycemia,
• barkewar hyperinsulinemia, wanda ke kara hadarin hawan jini,
• tsaftataccen abinci da allura,
• nauyi

Sunayen Magunguna

Rashin aiki kololuwa cikin insulin aiki tsawon lokaci ya kasance ne sakamakon kasancewar glargine na hormone a cikin tsarinta, wanda yake ratsa jini gaba daya. Glargine's balan ma'aunin acidic ne kuma wannan dalilin baya ma'amala da shi tare da shirye-shiryen daidaita daidaiton bayanan Ph, i.e. gajere da ultrashort insulin.

An ba da sanannun sunayen tsoffin insulins masu aiki a cikin tebur tare da cikakken bayanin:

Muna ba da ragi ga masu karanta shafinmu!

Shahararrun kwayoyi

Duk da yawan zaɓi na dindindin, sunayen waɗanda aka bayar a saman tebur, waɗanda suka fi shahara zuwa yanzu sune Lantus da Levemir. Bari mu ga abin da ya sa.

Magungunan da marasa lafiya ke amfani dashi fiye da sauran. Ba ya buƙatar girgiza shi kafin allura, abun da aka dakatar yana a sarari kuma ba tare da hazo ba. Akwai shi a cikin nau'in alkalami, sirinji, katun, da kuma tsarin katun guda biyar. Kasancewar irin wannan zaɓin yana bawa mai haƙuri damar zaɓar wacce zaɓi ne a gare shi.

Wannan magani yana daidaita matakan glucose na jini na tsawon awanni 24. Akwai shi a cikin nau'in alƙawirin sikirin da yawa na diski mai yawa tare da manyan katako guda biyar don gudanarwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Yana da mahimmanci ga marassa lafiya su sani cewa duk abubuwan da suke ɗauka tsawon lokaci ba za su iya daskarewa ba. Rayuwar shelf shine watanni 30 kuma magani ne kawai yake bayar da magani.

Farashin ya dogara da sunan insulin da ya dade yana aiki sosai. Wannan yakamata a yi la’akari da haka yayin tattaunawa tare da likita da karɓar magani. Amma, sau da yawa, kuma wannan yana da fahimta, marasa lafiya suna jagorar ba da farashin ba, amma ta hanyar haƙuri na kwayoyi.

Ciwon sukari koda yaushe yana haifar da rikitarwa mai wahala. Wuce kima sugar yana da matukar hadari.

Aronova S.M. ya ba da bayani game da lura da ciwon sukari. Karanta cikakken

Siffofin

Daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na mutumtaka, shirye-shiryen Homorap da Insumad Rapid sun cancanci a haskaka. Kusan babu bambanci a tsakanin su. Babban bambanci shine a cikin ragowar amino acid da ke cikin abubuwan da ke ciki.

Insulin "mai sauri" na asalin dabba shima ya hada da magunguna "Insulrap SPP", "Iletin II Regular" da sauran su. An tsara su sau da yawa don nau'in ciwon sukari na II. Hanyar wannan rukuni ta ƙunshi sunadarai tare da tsarin daban, sabili da haka basu dace da duk masu haƙuri ba. Misali, “insulins” masu saurin dabbobi wadanda ba za'a iya baiwa mutanen da jikinsu bashi da ikon sarrafa abincin dabbobi.

Karbar yanayi, sashi, adana '' gajeran 'insulin

Theauki maganin nan da nan kafin abinci. A wannan yanayin, abinci ne wanda ke hanzarta ɗaukar insulin, sakamako yana faruwa kusan nan da nan.

Ana iya ɗaukar insulins na "sauri" a baki, bayan tsar da su zuwa jihar ruwa.

Idan ana yin aikin cutarwa na ƙananan ƙwayoyi, to dole ne a yi allurar kamar mintuna 30 kafin abincin da aka shirya.

An zaɓi sashi don kowane mutum da ciwon sukari daban-daban. Ga manya, kashi zai kasance raka'a 8-24 a kowace rana, kuma ga yara - banda raka'a 8.

Adana kwayoyi a zazzabi na + 2- + 8. Don wannan, shiryayye a ƙofar firiji ya dace.

Matsakaici Insulin

Masu ciwon sukari suna tilastawa shan magunguna waɗanda ke tallafawa matakan sukari na al'ada. Amma kowane nau'in ciwon sukari yana buƙatar wani nau'in insulin. Don haka ana amfani da magani mai ƙwanƙwasa lokacin da glucose yake buƙatar gushewar hankali. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi idan a wannan lokacin babu yiwuwar amfani da insulin "gajere".

Dogon insulin

Magungunan zamani ne da aka gabatar wanda ke bawa masu ciwon sukari damar jin daɗin rayuwa ba tare da fuskantar rashin jin daɗi ba wanda ke haifar da cutar hawan jini. Menene bambanci tsakanin wannan nau'in shirye-shiryen insulin daga wasu kuma waɗanne nau'in insulin ke aiki na tsawon lokaci - bari muyi magana game da wannan.

Babban bambanci tsakanin insulin a wannan yanayin shine cewa tasirin miyagun ƙwayoyi wani lokacin ya wuce fiye da awanni 24.

Bugu da kari, duk nau'ikan insulin na aiki tsawon lokaci suna dauke da sinadarai wadanda ke tabbatar da aikin na maganin. Sun kuma jinkirta shakar sukari. Tasirin warkewa yana faruwa bayan kimanin sa'o'i 4-6, kuma tsawon lokacin aiki zai iya zuwa awa 36.

Dogon aiki: wadanne iri ne

Magungunan da akafi amfani dasu sune Determit da Glargin. Babban bambancin su shine raguwar daidaituwa a cikin sukari na jini.

Masu ɗaukar hoto na dogon lokaci suma suna Ultratard, Ultralente-yletin-1, Khumininsulin, Ultralong, da sauransu.

An wajabta magunguna ta hanyar halartar likitan mata, wanda ya kara taimakawa kawar da matsaloli iri daban-daban na tasirin sakamako.

Amfani da adana maganin

Ana iya sarrafa wannan nau'in insulin na musamman ta allura. Sai bayan shiga jiki ta wannan hanyar, ya fara aiki. An sanya allura a cikin goshin, ko a cinya ko cinya.

Kafin amfani, murfin dole a girgiza saboda cakuda da ke ciki ya sami daidaitattun daidaiton launuka. Bayan wannan, an shirya don amfani.

Adana kwayoyi a ƙarƙashin yanayi guda na insulins-gajere. Irin wannan tsarin zafin jiki yana hana samuwar flakes da granulation daga cikin cakuda, kazalika da hada magunguna.

Suna yin insulin sau ɗaya, wani lokacin sau biyu a rana.

Asalin insulin

Bambanci a cikin insulin - ba kawai a lokacin aiki ba, har ma a asali. Shirye-shiryen dabbobi da insulins waɗanda suke daidai da ɗan adam sun keɓe.

Don samun magunguna daga rukunin farko, ana amfani da cututtukan aladu, da na shanu. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na insulin wanda aka samo daga gabobin alade sun fi dacewa da mutane. Bambanci a wannan yanayin gaba daya bashi da mahimmanci - amino acid daya ne.

Amma mafi kyawun kwayoyi sune, hakika, insulins na mutum, waɗanda ake amfani dasu galibi. Samun samfurin yana yiwuwa ta hanyoyi guda biyu:

1. Hanya ta farko ita ce maye gurbin amino acid ɗin da bai dace ba. A wannan yanayin, ana samun insulin na yau da kullun.
2. A cikin hanyar na biyu na samar da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya ƙunshi Escherichia coli, mai iya sarrafa furotin. Wannan zai riga ya zama wakili na rayuwa.

Shirye-shirye masu kama da insulin ɗan adam suna da fa'idodi masu yawa:

• Don samun sakamako na warkewa da ake buƙata yana buƙatar gabatarwar ƙananan allurai,
• ci gaban lipodystrophy ne dan kadan rare,
• rashin lafiyan kwayoyi ba a lura ba.

Matsayi na tsarkakewa

Dangane da matsayin tsarkakewa, shirye-shiryen sun kasu kashi biyu:

• na gargajiya
• dodo,
• kararrawa.

Abubuwan insulins na al'ada suna daga cikin shirye-shiryen insulin na farko. Sun ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na rashin furotin, wanda ya zama sanadin halayen halayen ƙwayar cuta a koyaushe. A halin yanzu, sakin irin waɗannan magungunan yana ragu sosai.

Abubuwan insulin na Monopik suna da ƙananan adadin ƙazanta (a cikin iyakokin da aka yarda). Amma insulins na monocomponent kusan cikakke ne tsarkakakke, tun da yawan abubuwan rashin amfani marasa amfani har ma da ƙananan iyaka.

Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin "gajere" da "dogon" insulin

Kamar yadda kake gani, nau'in insulin (teburin ya nuna wannan a fili) ya bambanta a cikin alamun asali. Kuma waɗannan abubuwan dole ne a yi la’akari da su.

Mun bincika kowane nau'in insulin da ke akwai da kuma tasirinsu ga jikin ɗan adam. Muna fatan kun sami bayanin da taimako. Kasance cikin koshin lafiya!

Bambanci a cikin insulin a asali

Dangane da wannan ka'idar, an bambanta nau'ikan insulin:

• dabbobi insulin - wanda aka samo daga cututtukan dabbobi. Wannan insulin ya sha bamban da na mutum. Allergic halayen sau da yawa faruwa a gare shi.
• alade - wanda aka samo daga cututtukan aladu. Ya bambanta da ɗan adam a cikin amino acid ɗaya. Insulin na alade shima yakan haifarda rashin lafiyan jiki.
• ɗan adam - ko kuma a maimakon haka, analogues na insulin ɗan adam da insulin asalin inulin. Ana samun waɗannan insulins a cikin hanyoyi biyu: a farkon hanyar, ana amfani da insulin na mutum ta hanyar E. coli, kuma a hanya ta biyu, ana samun insulin na ɗan adam daga insulin insulin ta maye gurbin amino acid ɗaya.

Abubuwan dabbobin dabbobi sun haɗa da: Insulrap GLP, Ultralente, Ultlente MS.

Insulins na naman alade sun haɗa da: Monodar K (15.30.50), Monodar ultralong, Monodar Long, Monosuinsulin, Insulrap SPP, da sauransu.

Abubuwan jikin dan adam sun hada da: Actrapid, Novorapid, Lantus, Humulin, Humalog, Novomiks, Protafan da sauran su.

Mafi kyawun analogues shine insulin ɗan adam da insulin kwayoyin halitta, suna da mafi kyawun tsabtatawa, basu da tasirin sakamako kamar insulin na asalin dabbobi, basa haifar da rashin lafiyan ƙwayoyi kamar yadda insulins dabbobi suke, tunda ba su da furotin na ƙasan waje, sabanin insulin dabbobi. .

Bambanci a cikin tsawon lokacin aikin insulin

Dangane da ka’idar da tsawon lokacin aiwatarwa, an rarrabe insulins na ultrashort, gajere, matsakaici, tsawan aiki.

Ultrashort insulins sun fara aiki nan da nan bayan gudanarwa, sun kai kololuwa bayan 1-1.5, kuma sun wuce awanni 3-4.
Ana iya sarrafa waɗannan insulins kai tsaye kafin da kuma bayan abinci. Tare da gabatarwar insulin ultrashort kafin abinci, ba lallai ba ne a kula da ɗan hutu tsakanin allura da abinci.

Ultrashort insulins baya buƙatar ƙarin kayan ciye-ciye a matakin ganga, wanda yafi dacewa da gajerun gajere.

Ultrashort insulins sun hada da Apidra, Novo-Rapid, Humalog.

Short insulins fara aikinsu bayan minti 20-30, mafi girman aiki yana faruwa ne bayan sa'o'i 2-3, tsawon lokacin aikin yakai awowi 5-6.
Ana gudanar da guntun insulins kafin abinci, yawanci ya zama dole a kula da ɗan hutu tsakanin allura da farkon abincin a cikin mintina 10-15.

Lokacin amfani da gajeren insulins, yana da buqatar samun abun ciye-ciye 2-3 bayan allura, lokacin abun ciwan yakamata ya zo daidai da lokacin lokacin insulin.

Short insulins sun hada da Actrapid, Himulin Regular, Monodar (K50, K30, K15), Insuman Rapid, Humodar, da sauransu.

• Matsakaiciyar Tsawan Tsafe

Wannan rukunin yana haɓaka insulins, waɗanda ke da tsawon lokacin aiki, kusan awa 12-16.

Yawanci, a cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ana amfani da waɗannan insulins a matsayin basal ko baya. Yana ɗaukar allura biyu (wasu lokuta uku) a rana, yawanci safe da maraice tare da tazara na awanni 12.

Wadannan insulins sun fara aiki bayan sa'o'i 1-3, sun isa mafi girma bayan sa'o'i 4-8 (matsakaici) sa'o'i kuma suna kusan awa 12-16.

Matsayi na matsakaici na matsakaici ya haɗa da insulins kamar Protafan, Humulin NPH, Humodar br, Insuman Bazal, Novomiks.

• Dogon bayan aiki

Wadannan insulins suna aiki azaman asali ko insulin basal. Ana buƙatar guda ɗaya (wani lokacin biyu) a rana ɗaya.
Ana amfani da insulins masu ɗaukar aiki don nau'in insulin na sukari na nau'in 2.

Yawan su na dabi'a ne mai tarin yawa, shine, lokacin da aka sauya matakin gudanar da aikin, sakamako zai zama cikakke bayyane a cikin kwanaki 2-3.

Tsawon lokaci insulins suna fara aiki awa 4-6 bayan gudanarwa, mafi girman aikin a cikin awanni 10-14, tasirin su ya kai awanni 20-24.
Daga cikin insulins masu daukar dogon lokaci akwai “marasa karfi” insulins, wato, basa bada fifikon sanarwa, bi da bi, suna aiki da sannu a hankali kuma har ilayau suna kwaikwayon aikin insulin na insuli a cikin mutum mai lafiya.

Tsayayyen tsawan aiki sun hada da Lantus, Monodar Long da Monodar Ultralong, Ultlente, Ultralong, Humulin L, da sauransu.
M insulins marasa karfi sun hada da Levemir, Lantus.

Nau'in insulin

Siffar

Fara aiki

Babban aiki

Yawan aiki

Iri nau'ikan homon da bambancinsu

Ciwon sukari (mellitus) yana tilasta yin amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan insulin. Kowane hormone haifuwa yana da halaye na mutum. Godiya ga waɗannan fasalulluka, yana yiwuwa a zaɓi magani don halayyar mutum na jikin mutum, amma irin waɗannan abubuwan ba yawanci ba ne ba za a musayar su ba.

Kowane magani ya bambanta da analogues a lokacin tasirin sa akan jiki da kololuwar aiki. Specialistwararren ƙwararren masani ne kawai (likita) zai iya zaɓar mafi kyawun zaɓi don maganin kulawa don haƙuri, dangane da tsananin cutar.

Babban nau'in hormone:

1. Insulin, wanda aka samo daga cututtukan garken shanu (shanu, bijimai). Ya ƙunshi ƙarin amino acid 3 waɗanda ba su cikin ƙwayoyin mutum, don haka wannan ƙwayar za ta iya haifar da wasu halayen rashin lafiyan.
2. Magunguna sun dogara da glandon alade. Abubuwan da suke tattare da sunadarai sunada kusa da kwayoyin halittar mutum, banda bambance bambance a cikin amino acid daya daga sarkar sunadaran.
3. Nau'in hormone mai rarest shine whale, yana da matsakaiciyar bambance-bambance a cikin kayan kwatancen idan aka kwatanta da insulin na mutum, saboda haka ana amfani dashi a cikin lokuta masu rarest.
4. Mafi kyawun nau'in hormone shine tushen mutum. Ana yin wannan analog ɗin ne daga ainihin ƙwaƙwalwar 'Escherichia coli' (ƙwayoyin insulin na ainihi na mutum) ko kuma ta hanyar injiniyan gyare-gyare na kwayoyin halittar ƙwayar porcine (maye gurbin “amino acid ɗin da bai dace ba”).

Lokacin fallasa kowane nau'in magani shine mutum, don haka zaɓin da ya dace na haɓakar hormone yana da mahimmanci musamman ga kowane haƙuri.

Dangane da tsawon lokacin maganin, sun kasu kashi biyu:

Mafi sauri aiki (matsanancin ƙarancin). Magungunan yana fara aiki bayan mintuna 15-30 kuma ya isa matsakaicin sakamako a cikin sa'o'i 2-3, ya kasance har zuwa 6 hours. Ana amfani da insulin kafin abinci, wani wuri a cikin minti 30, yana ɗaukar shi da ɗan adadin abincin haske.

Wannan rukunin na kwayoyin sun hada da magungunan ultrashort da insulins na gajere.

Hotunan Ultrashort suna da sakamako mafi sauri kuma nan da nan rage sukari. Ana ɗaukar su jim kaɗan kafin abinci.

Babban nau'ikan wannan nau'in magungunan sun hada da:

1. Humalogue. Ana amfani dashi don: nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na 1, rashin haƙuri ga magunguna masu kama da wannan, ƙarancin insulin da haɓaka da cutar ta 2 (a cikin yanayin inda wasu kwayoyi ba su da tasirin da ake so).
2. NovoRapid. Akwai shi a cikin akwati tare da ƙaramin 3 ml, wanda ya dace da abubuwan da ke cikin raka'a 300 na hormone. Wataƙila mata masu juna biyu zasu iya amfani da ita.
3. Apidra. Ana amfani dashi don dalilai na magani, duka manya da yara fiye da shekaru 6, ta amfani da tsarin tushen famfo ko hanyar gudanarwa.

Insaramin gajeran lokaci suna fara aikin su cikin rabin sa'a kuma suna aiki har zuwa 6 hours. Ana amfani dasu kafin fara cin abinci a cikin minti 20. Ana iya amfani dasu a cikin tandem tare da kwayoyi masu amfani da dogon lokaci.

Babban wakilan sune:

1. Tasirin NM. An samo insulin ta hanyar masana'antar injiniya. An shigar dashi ta allurar subcutaneous ko ta hanyar jijiya. Ana bayar da shi ne gwargwadon rubutaccen likita.
2. Humodar R. Magungunan yana kan sashi-na roba.
3. Tsarin Humulin. Amfani da shi a farkon matakan gano cutar, an ba shi izinin amfani da mata masu juna biyu.
4. Monodar. Amfani da shi don ciwon sukari mellitus 1 da 2.

Ana amfani da dukkan nau'ikan magunguna masu tallafawa masu amfani da kwayoyin cutar kafin fara abinci, saboda tsarin narkewar yana taimakawa wajen hanzarta aiwatar da maganin a cikin hanzari. Hormones na matsananciyar hanzari da saurin aiki ana yarda a ɗauka ta baki, bayan kawo su cikin yanayin ruwa.

Game da maganin cutarwa na miyagun ƙwayoyi, dole ne a aiwatar da irin wannan hanya ba kafin rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci. Doses na miyagun ƙwayoyi ga kowane mai haƙuri cikakke ne mutum kuma likita ne ke halartar shi. Dosages ga manya na iya zuwa daga raka'a 8 zuwa 23 a kowace rana, kuma ga yara - banda 9 raka'a.

Kwayoyin halittun da aka kera suna riƙe da kaddarorin su a yanayin zafi daga digiri 2 zuwa 8, saboda haka ana adana su a cikin firiji.

Magunguna

Wannan nau'in magungunan yana da sakamako mai tsawo.

Akwai nau'ikan magunguna 2:

• dangane da kwayoyin halittar dan adam (haduwar su), kamar: Protafan, Homolong, da sauransu,
• a kan dabbobin dabba, misali: Berlsulin, Iletin 2 da sauransu.

Matsayi na tsaka-tsakin yanayi yana motsa tasirin su a cikin mintina 15 bayan shigowa, amma ana samun sakamako cikakke bayan lokaci mai mahimmanci.

Wannan rukunin magungunan ya ƙunshi abubuwa a kan wani aiki na daban, misali, zinc da makawun.

Dogon aiki

Magunguna na wannan rukuni suna aiki a jikin mai haƙuri har kwana ɗaya ko fiye. Dukkanin nau'ikan magunguna na dogon lokaci ana yin su ne ta tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarai, waɗanda ke ƙayyade irin waɗannan alamun nuni.

'' Tsawon lokaci '' insulins suna taimakawa jinkirta ɗaukar sukari a cikin jini kuma suna iya yin tasirin aiki har zuwa awanni 30 a jere.

Shahararrun mashahuran sun hada da:

• mafi mashahuri: Determid, Glargin (a ko'ina ƙananan matakan sukari),
• babu ƙananan samfuran gama gari: Ultralente-Iletin-1, Ultralgon, Ultratard.

Don kawar da bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan da ba a buƙata ba, ya kamata ka tuntuɓi ƙwararrun likitanci waɗanda zasu taimaka wajen ƙaddara yawan ƙwayar magunguna bisa ga sigogin bincike.

Ana gudanar da '' insulins '' mai tsayi 'gaba ɗaya ta hanyar allura.

Yanayin ajiya don kowane nau'in kwayoyi a cikin wannan jagora daidai yake. Hakanan za'a iya ajiye ampoules tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin firiji. Sai kawai a yanayin zafi ƙarancin magunguna waɗanda ba sa haɗuwa da samuwar granules ko flakes.

Fitowar digiri na tsarkakewa

Abubuwan da ke aiki da hormonal suna haɗuwa don buƙatu daban-daban. Ana samun samfurin ƙarshe ta amfani da digiri daban-daban na tsarkakewa.

Tebur na digiri na tsarkakewar kwayoyin:

Karatun Bidiyo akan nau'ikan da rarrabuwa na hormone:

Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin insulin gajere da tsayi

Abubuwan da ke banbanta na insulin gajeriyar aiki:

• ana shan magani rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci,
• don farawa da sauri, ana shigar da shi cikin yanki mai ƙasa a kan ciki,
• Dole ne allurar ta zama tilas ta haɗu da wani karin abincin don ware yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar kamar su ƙurawar jini.

Abubuwan rarrabe abubuwa na hormone mai aiki da dadewa:

• ana gudanar da wannan nau'in magani a wani lokaci (kullun a cikin sa'o'i iri ɗaya da safe ko da yamma). Ya kamata a yi allura da safe a cikin abin wuta tare da allura na insulin cikin sauri,
• don jinkirta shan maganin a cikin jini, an yi allura a cikin cinyar cinya na kafa,
• wannan nau'in hormone ba ya dogara da tsarin abinci ba.

Daga halaye na sama na kowane nau'in magani, ana iya kammala da cewa zaɓin insulin da ya dace, sashi da yadda yake shiga jikin ya dogara da dalilai da yawa.

Don sanin hanyar da ba za a bi ba, sai a tuntuɓi likitanka.