Maganin suga na al'ada

Glycemia ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar hanyoyin da yawa. Matakan glucose na gudana zuwa mafi girma bayan fitarwa, saboda yawan sikari da hanji na kaura mai narkewa a jiki (mara nauyi a jiki) daga abinci ko ta hanyar karyewa daga wasu abinci, kamar su katako (polysaccharides). Matsayin glucose yana raguwa sakamakon catabolism, musamman tare da kara yawan zafin jiki, tare da ƙoƙarin jiki, damuwa.

Sauran hanyoyi don tsara glycemia sune gluconeogenesis da glycogenolysis. Gluconeogenesis shine tsarin samar da kwayoyin glucose a cikin hanta kuma wani bangare a cikin abubuwan cortical na kodan daga kwayoyin sauran kwayoyin, misali, amino acid, lactic acid, glycerol. Yayin glycogenolysis, glycogen da ya tara na hanta da kasusuwa kwarangwal an canza shi zuwa glucose ta hanyar sarƙoƙi da yawa.

Ana canza glucose mai wuce haddi zuwa glycogen ko triglycerides don adana makamashi. Glucose shine mafi mahimmancin makamashi na rayuwa a yawancin sel, musamman ga wasu sel (alal misali, neurons da ƙwayoyin jini), waɗanda kusan sun dogara da matakan glucose. Kwakwalwar tana buƙatar glycemia mai natsuwa don ya yi aiki. Haɗuwar glucose na jini ƙasa da 3 mmol / L ko fiye da 30 mmol / L na iya haifar da rashin sani, tashin hankali, da kuma coma.

Abubuwa da yawa na aiki a cikin daidaita tsarin metabolism, irin su insulin, glucagon (wanda ke dauke da fata), adrenaline (glandon adrenal ta ɓoye shi), glucocorticoids da hormones steroid (asirin gonads da na hanji adrenal).

Auna

A cikin aikin asibiti, akwai hanyoyi guda 2 don gano cutar ta glycemia:

• azumi glycemia - auna ma'aunin glucose bayan awowi 8 na azumi
• Gwajin glucose na gwaji - sau uku na narkar da glucose na jini tare da tazara na mintuna 30 bayan nauyin carbohydrate.

A wasu yanayi, ana bada shawara a kula da maida hankali kan glucose na jini, wanda mai haƙuri yakan yi shi da kansa ta amfani da glucometer mai ɗaukar hoto.

A cikin cututtuka da dama da wasu yanayi, haɗuwa da glucose a cikin jini na iya haɓaka ko da (ciwon sukari mellitus) - ana kiran wannan yanayin hyperglycemia, ko raguwa (zaɓin insulin da ba shi da kyau a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, rage cin abinci mai ƙarfi, ƙwaƙwalwar jiki) - ana kiran wannan hypoglycemia.