Guban jini a cikin ciwon sukari: menene matakin ya kamata?

Aikin gabobi da tsarin jikin mutum yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da wasu sigogi na yanayin ciki. Ana kiyaye alamomi ta hanyar sarrafa kai.

Matsayin aikin ramuwa don kawo matakan glucose zuwa matakan al'ada ana yin su ta hanyar shirye-shiryen insulin ko allunan da ke rage sukari. Don guje wa rikice-rikice saboda hawa da sauka a cikin sukari na jini, ya zama dole don cimma burin glycemic.

Metabolism din glucose da cutarta a cikin ciwon suga

A cikin jikin mutum, glucose yana fitowa daga abinci, sakamakon rushewar shagunan glycogen a cikin hanta da ƙirar tsoka, kuma ana yin sa yayin gluconeogenesis daga amino acid, lactate da glycerol. Abincin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan carbohydrates daban-daban - glucose, sucrose (disaccharide) da sitaci (polysaccharide).

Cikakken sugars suna rushe a karkashin tasirin enzymes a cikin narkewa zuwa wahalhalun sauki kuma, kamar glucose, suna shiga cikin jini daga hanji. Baya ga glucose, fructose ya shiga cikin jini, wanda a cikin hanta hanta ake canza shi zuwa glucose.

Don haka, glucose shine babban carbohydrate a cikin jikin mutum, saboda yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da makamashi na duniya. Don ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, glucose kawai zai iya zama mai gina jiki.

Glucose wanda ya shiga cikin jini dole ne ya shiga tantanin don a yi amfani dashi don tafiyar matakai na rayuwa na samar da makamashi. A saboda wannan, bayan glucose ya shiga jini daga jijiyar, ana fitar da insulin. Wannan shine kawai hormone wanda zai iya samar da glucose ga sel na hanta, tsoka da tsoka nama.

Wani adadin glucose, wanda jiki baya buƙatar lokacin wannan lokacin, za'a iya adanar shi a cikin hanta azaman glycogen. Sannan, idan matakin glucose din ya fadi, yakan karye, ta haka ne yake kara yawan abun da ke cikin jini. Yana ba da gudummawa ga ajiya na glucose da insulin.

1. Kwayar cutar Pancreatic (ƙwayoyin alpha) - glucagon. Yana haɓaka rushewar glycogen zuwa ƙwayoyin glucose.
2. Glucocorticoid daga adrtal cortex - cortisol, wanda ke haɓaka samuwar glucose a cikin hanta, yana hana haɓakawa ta sel.
3. Hormones na adrenal medulla - adrenaline, norepinephrine, haɓaka rushewar glycogen.
4. Hormone na ƙwayar ƙwayar ciki na ciki - hormone girma, hormone girma, aikinsa yana rage jinkirin amfani da glucose ta sel.
5. Jiki na thyroid yana haɓaka gluconeogenesis a cikin hanta, yana hana ajiyar glycogen a cikin hanta da ƙwayar tsoka.

Sakamakon aikin waɗannan kwayoyin halittar, ana kiyaye glucose a cikin jini a cikin taro na ƙasa da 6.13 mmol / L, amma ya zarce 3.25 mmol / L akan komai a ciki.

A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, ba a samar da insulin a cikin sel na farji ko an rage adadinsa zuwa ƙaramin matakin da ba ya barin shan glucose daga jini. Wannan na faruwa tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1. Kwayoyin Beta sun lalace tare da halayen ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa sel, da abubuwan haɗin su.

Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari suna girma cikin sauri, tun daga wannan lokacin kusan 90% na jimlar ƙwayoyin beta suna lalata. Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya, don ci gaba da aiki mai mahimmanci, an wajabta su ta hanyar insulin da aka samu ta aikin injiniyan kwayoyin.

Increasearin yawan glucose a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus (DM 2) saboda gaskiyar cewa gabobin da ke dogara da insulin suna inganta juriya ga aikin insulin. Masu karɓa don shi sun rasa ikon amsawa, wanda aka bayyana a cikin haɓaka alamun halayen masu ciwon sukari, wanda ke faruwa a kan asalin cututtukan hyperglycemia da hyperinsulinemia.

Hyperglycemia yana nufin duk alamomin glucose na jini a cikin ciwon sukari, wanda ya dogara da nau'in bincike:

• Capillary (daga yatsa) da kuma jinin venous - fiye da 6,12 mmol / l.
• Plasma na jini (sashin ruwa ba tare da sel ba) ya fi 6.95 mmol / l.

Waɗannan lambobin suna nuna alamar glucose na azumi bayan bacci.