Abubuwan da ke haifar da rikitarwa yayin aikin insulin, manyan alamu, sakamakon sakamako na lokaci mai tsawo, magunguna da kuma kiyayewa

Duk abubuwan da ke cikin iLive suna nazarin masana kwararru na likitanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen daidaito da daidaito tare da gaskiyar.

Muna da ƙaƙƙarfan dokoki don zaɓar hanyoyin samun bayanan kuma kawai muna nufin shafukan yanar gizo ne masu suna, cibiyoyin bincike na ilimi kuma, in ya yiwu, binciken likitanci ya tabbatar. Lura cewa lambobin da ke cikin baka (da sauransu,) hanyoyi ne na hulɗa na hanyar waɗannan karatun.

Idan kuna tunanin cewa kowane ɗayan kayanmu ba daidai ba ne, tsohon yayi ko kuma ba haka ba ne, zaba shi kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Rashin bin ka'idodin insulin far yana haifar da matsaloli daban-daban. Yi la'akari da mafi yawan abubuwa:

1. Allergic halayen - mafi sau da yawa faruwa a wurin allura, amma za a iya bayyana ta hanyar na urticaria, anaphylactic gigice. Fitowar su tana da alaƙa da keta fasahar allura, yin amfani da ƙyalƙyallen allura ko maimaitawa. Halin mai raɗaɗi yana faruwa lokacin da mafita yayi sanyi sosai ko an zaɓi wurin allurar da ba ta dace ba. Wani hutu na jiyya na makonni da dama zuwa watanni shima yana taimakawa ga rashin faruwar cutar. Don hana shi, bayan hutu a cikin jiyya, kawai hormone mutum ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.
2. Hypoglycemia shine raguwar sukarin jini. Wannan rikitarwa yana tare da alamomin halayyar sa: haɓaka zagi, rawar jiki daga ƙarshen, bugun ciki, yunwar. Hypoglycemia yana haɓaka tare da yawan ƙwayar magani ko tare da matsananciyar yunwar. Yin rikitarwa na iya faruwa a kan asalin abubuwan motsin rai, damuwa, bayan aikin jiki.
3. Lipodystrophy - yana haɓakawa a cikin wuraren maimaita maimaita injections. Yana haifar da rushewar tsotse nama da samuwar a wurin rauni na compaction (lipohypertrophy) ko zurfafa (lipoatrophy).
4. Rashin nauyi - wannan rikicewar yana da alaƙa da haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin caloric na abinci da haɓaka cikin abinci saboda jin yunwar yayin motsa jiki na lipogenesis ta hanyar insulin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, karuwar nauyi shine kilogiram 2-6, amma idan ka bi dukkan ka'idodin abinci mai kyau, to ana iya magance wannan matsalar.
5. Rashin gani da gani matsala ce ta wucin gadi wacce ke faruwa a farkon gudanar da aikin hormone. An dawo da hangen nesa da kansa bayan makonni 2-3.
6. Riƙe sodium da ruwa a cikin jiki - kumburi na ƙananan ƙarshen, kazalika da haɓakar hawan jini yana haɗuwa da riƙewar ruwa a cikin jiki kuma na ɗan lokaci ne.

Don rage haɗarin yanayin cututtukan da ke sama, ya zama dole a hankali a zaɓi wuri don yin allura da kuma bin duk ka'idodin aikin insulin.

Matsalar mai haƙuri da ke haɗuwa da ilimin insulin

A halin yanzu, ana kula da ciwon sukari da ke cikin insulin tare da insulin ɗan adam ko ƙirar shi. A baya, a cikin aikin asibiti, an yi amfani da daskararruwar asalin dabbobi - shanu ko aladu. Kodayake ana samun kwayar halittar mutum ta hanyar fasaha ta sake samar da DNA, yana da daidai iri ɗaya na amino acid ɗin mutum kamar haka, saboda haka yana da ilmin sunadarai.

Ana kuma samun insulin analogs ta hanyar hanyoyin kwayoyin, amma ana maye gurbin wasu amino acid a ciki. Ultrashort, gajeru, matsakaici, dogaye, insulins masu aiki masu tsayi suna samuwa a kasuwar kantin magani.

Sakamakon sakamako na sakamako na insulin, wanda yake babbar haɗari ga mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari, shine hypoglycemia. A cikin wasu halayen, hypoglycemia na iya haifar da ciwan ciki. Hypoglycemia na iya lalacewa ta hanyar cin abinci na yau da kullun, aiki mai ƙarfi na jiki, ko shan giya.

Wasu magunguna - masu hana beta - ko masu ciwon sikila suna rufe alamun cutar ta hauka. A sakamakon haka, marasa lafiya ba su lura da farmaki ba kuma suna iya mutuwa cikin kankanin lokaci.

Hawan jini mai hauhawar jini (hyperglycemia) yana haɓakawa saboda kuskuren abinci, rashin daidaituwa na insulin ko cututtukan etiologies daban-daban.

Wasu marasa lafiya na iya fuskantar raunin gani sosai, wannan sakamako yana faruwa musamman a farkon jiyya bayan saurin kamuwa da cutar glycemia. Koyaya, yana da lahani gaba ɗaya kuma yana ɓacewa cikin sauri.

A cikin halayen da ba kasafai ba, edema ko riƙe ruwa a jikin mutum na iya zama muguwar illa ga maganin insulin. Sakamakon yana haifar da raguwa a cikin tsararren sodium daga jikin mutum, mummunan sakamako yana faruwa musamman a farkon farfaɗo tare da saurin canji a cikin glycemia.

Sau da yawa, ilimin insulin yana haifar da karuwa a cikin nauyin jiki. Koyaya, tasirin lokacin amfani da analogues na hormone yana da wuya sosai.

Lokacin amfani da insulin mai tsabta sosai, halayen rashin lafiyan suna da wuya. Wataƙilar rashin lafiyan insulin ko maganin haɗin kai na iya bayyana ta pruritus ko fitsari. Idan mummunan halayen zai iya magance matsalar, ana iya haɗa shi da halayen fata na jiki baki ɗaya, kumburi, wahalar numfashi, saukar da karfin jini, ko ma girgiza kai. A irin waɗannan halayen, yana da mahimmanci don gano dalilin cutar anaphylaxis. A mafi yawan lokuta, don warware matsalar, ya isa canza zuwa shirin insulin wanda ke dauke da wasu rashin cutarwa.

Yayin ciki da lactation

Matan da ke da juna biyu waɗanda suke buƙatar kulawa da sukari mai saurin sukari a koyaushe ya kamata su yi amfani da insulin mutum. Saboda rashin bayanai, yakamata a yi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da analogues yayin ciki da shayarwa.

Matan da ke da juna biyu waɗanda a da suka ɗauki gajeran lokaci na motsa jiki (aspart ko lispro) na iya ci gaba da amfani da su. Bai kamata a yi amfani da magunguna masu aiki da tsayi (glargine da detemir) ba a lokacin daukar ciki saboda rashin isasshen bayanan aminci. Saboda canje-canje a cikin metabolism na marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus, iyaye mata masu juna biyu dole ne a ci gaba da yin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje.

An ba da shawarar shayarwa sosai ga uwaye masu fama da cutar siga. Ta hanyar shayarwa, mace tana bukatar karancin insulin. Idan nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 har yanzu yana buƙatar magani ko da bayan ciki ya ƙare, ya kamata mata su ci gaba da maganin insulin.

Yawan insulin da suka wuce haddi

Hypoglycemia koyaushe yana faruwa tare da gabatarwar wani babban adadin abubuwan insulin. Yawancin lokaci low low taro na abubuwa na sukari a cikin jini yana haifar da amsawa daga jiki: ƙara yawan ɓoyewar jijiyoyin da ke haifar da rushewar glycogen zuwa glucose. A cikin wasu masu ciwon sukari, wadannan hanyoyin na iya zama illa garesu ko dai saboda tsarin hormonal ba ya aiki, ko kuma saboda babu shagunan glycogen.

Hypoglycemia - matsanancin damuwa ga jiki. Tsarin tsakiya na juyayi (CNS) yana da matsala da farko, tun da yake neurons ba sa adana manyan shagunan glucose ba. Don hanzarta glycogenolysis da samuwar sabon sugars, glandar adrenal ta saki ƙarin kwayoyin damuwa - cortisol da adrenaline - zuwa cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da alamu na yau da kullun:

• Mai tsananin zafin rai,
• Kwatsam gumi
• Rawar jiki
• Pallor
• Gyaran fata a fata,
• Tachycardia da hawan jini,
• Asedara yawan ci, tashin zuciya da amai.

Yayinda yanayin rashin jini ke tashi, alamu na jijiyoyin rauni ya bambanta:

• Ciwon kai
• Gajiya da rauni
• Mai da hankali taro,
• Rashin Tsarin Magana,
• Abubuwan mamaki na ciki - parasthesia ko inna.

Hankalin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya yana bayyana ne ta hanyar kwatsam na rashin lafiya, yanayin barazanar rayuwa wanda ke buƙatar magani na gaggawa. Jiyya ta ƙunshi gudanar da mafita na glucose da glucagon. Bayan ƙari ga coma, akwai halayyar cramps. Marasa lafiya suna da tsananin ɗumi da danshi a fata. Bugu da kari, sauran rikice-rikice masu yiwuwa sun taso - ƙaƙƙarfan bugun zuciya da arrhythmia. Koyaya, ba kamar ƙwayar cutar sankara ba, babu fitsari.

Tunda girgizawar hypoglycemic ya bambanta kadan daga cutar sikari, ana iya bambanta su da taimakon gwaji. A cikin gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, za'a iya gano yawancin abubuwan ɗorewa na abubuwan saccharides. Cutar cututtukan zuciya na haila shine yake haifar da alamu daban-daban. Koyaya, waɗannan alamun cutar na iya kasancewa a cikin wasu cututtuka.

Kwayar cutar ta haɗa da tashin hankali, tashin hankali, tashin hankali, damuwa, wahalar gani, tsoro, rawar jiki, ko bugun zuciya. Wani lokaci akwai hargitsi a tsinkaye, matsaloli tare da magana da dandano mai ƙarfe a bakin. Bayan gudanar da maganin glucose, alamomin zasu tafi da sauri.

Hypoglycemic bayyanar cututtuka na iya wucewa awanni da yawa ko kwanaki. Idan aka rage yawan abubuwan dake cikin jinin haila harda gaba, yana iya haifar da mummunan jini. Bayan haka, hargitsi na magana, hangen nesa biyu, inna da matsaloli tare da numfashi da kuma zagayarwar jini. A matakin karshe na girgiza, mai haƙuri na iya fada cikin rashin lafiya. Hanyar bayyanar cututtuka yana da sauri. Saboda wannan, masu ciwon sukari yakamata su lura da kansu. Tuni a farkon alama ya zama dole a dauki carbohydrates.

Yawancin lokaci wannan rawar yana haifar da wasu cututtuka da alamu daban-daban. Mutun na iya ci gaba da tsananin tashin hankali da amai. Mutumin da abin ya shafa sau dayawa yana fama da rashin daidaituwa da hankali. Nan gaba, mara lafiya na iya rasa hankalin idan alamomin suna da tsauri. Idan ba a kula da girgiza ba, mutumin ya mutu. Kula da girgiza yawanci ya ƙunshi gudanar da glucose mai yawa.

Abin da za a yi idan bayan gudanar da allura ta insulin, yanayin masu ciwon sukari ba zato ba tsammani

Dole ne a kula da hypoglycemia na gaskiya nan da nan, saboda zai iya zama barazanar rayuwa. Idan cikin shakka, ya kamata mai haƙuri ya nemi likita. Tare da alamun farko, ya fi kyau ku ci tsarkakakken dextrose - kimanin gram 5-20. Idan sukari yaci gaba da faduwa, sai mutum ya rasa hankali. A wannan yanayin, yana da gaggawa a kira likita na gaggawa.

Ko da hypoglycemia ya tafi lafiya ko ba ya sake komawa ba, ana ba da shawarar yin binciken likita. Wasu cututtuka, banda ciwon sukari, kuma zasu iya haifar da ƙarancin ciwon sukari. Wani lokacin sanadin rikicewar na iya zama abincin da bai dace ba. Specialistwararren ƙwararren masani zai taimaka wajen daidaita tsarin abinci kuma ya hana rikice-rikice. Hypoglycemic syndrome na iya rage ingancin rayuwar mai ciwon sukari, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da shi sosai, in ba haka ba cuta na iya haifar da sakamako mai illa.

Matakan rigakafin asali

Masu ciwon sukari, waɗanda sau da yawa suna fama da cututtukan jini, ya kamata su yi amfani da matakan kariya masu zuwa:

• Auna sukarin jininka akai-akai
• Madadin cin ɗan abinci kaɗan, ɗauki ƙaramin abinci a cikin yini,
• Koyaushe ɗauka wani yanki na sucrose tare da kai,
• Kada ku sha giya
• Daidaita abinci da insulin kashi kafin motsa jiki,
• Auna glycemia, in ya cancanta, da dare.

Halin da bai san halin da ake ciki ba a cikin masu ciwon sukari ana iya haifar dashi ta hanyar rashin wadataccen abun ciki da kuma babba (ketoacidosis coma, ko coma mai ciwon suga). Koyaya, cutar sikila tana da haɗari, saboda haka, idan akwai shakka, ya kamata koyaushe ku ci sukari ku daina amfani da insulin na ɗan lokaci.

Shawara! A matsayinka na mai mulki, tare da ingantaccen tsarin kulawa da miyagun ƙwayoyi, rikice-rikice ba su taso ba. A mafi yawancin halayen, rikice-rikice ana haifar da rashin daidaituwa, rashin kulawa da magani ko rashin ƙarfi na jiki. Lokacin yin kowane motsa jiki, mai haƙuri (musamman ɗan) ya kamata ya ɗauki carbohydrates. Hakkin da aka bayar na kan lokaci na kayan da aka gabatar yana taimakawa hana ci gaba mai yiwuwa da kuma illolin rayuwa. A cikin yanayi mai wuya, mai haƙuri na iya mutuwa sakamakon ƙarfin halin hypoglycemic mai ƙarfi. Ba'a ba da shawarar watsi da shawarar likita ba.

Lipodystrophy tare da ilimin insulin

Ofaya daga cikin wahalar wahalar maganin insulin wanda ke faruwa tare da tsawan lokaci da rauni na yau da kullun ga ƙananan jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini tare da allura shine lipodystrophy. Yanayi mai raɗaɗi yana tasowa ba kawai saboda gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi ba, har ma lokacin amfani da ingantaccen hanyoyin magancewa.

Hadarin rikice-rikice shi ne cewa yana rushe shaye-shayen hodar da ake sarrafawa, haifar da ciwo da lahani na fata na kwaskwarima. Wadannan nau'ikan lipodystrophy sun bambanta:

Sakamakon ɓacewar ƙwayar subcutaneous, an kafa fossa a wurin allurar. Bayyananninta yana da alaƙa da rigakafi ta jiki don shirye-shiryen talauci na asalin dabba. Maganin wannan matsala ya ƙunshi yin amfani da ƙananan allurai na injections a cikin tsararren hormone da aka tsarkake tare da lamuran yankunan da abin ya shafa.

Wannan shine samuwar infiltrates akan fatar, wato, like. Yana faruwa da keta ƙwarewar gudanarwar maganin, harma bayan aikin anabolic na gida na injections. An kwatanta shi da lahani na kwaskwarima da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Don hana wannan ilimin, ya kamata a canza wurin allurar a kai a kai, kuma lokacin amfani da yanki ɗaya, bar nesa tsakanin alamomi na aƙalla cm 1 Hanyoyin ilimin halittar jiki na phonophoresis tare da maganin shafawa na hydrocortisone suna da sakamako na warkewa.

Yin rigakafin lipodystrophy an rage shi don bin ka'idodi masu zuwa: wurare masu maye gurbin injection, gudanar da insulin mai tsanani zuwa zafin jiki, jinkirin da kulawa mai zurfi na miyagun ƙwayoyi a ƙarƙashin fata, ta amfani da allura mai kaifi kawai, magance sosai allurar allura tare da barasa ko wani maganin rigakafi.