A ilimin halittu na cholesterol

Cholesterol giyar cyclic mai guba ce, wacce ke saukaka cholesterides a cikin kyallen. Yana shiga jikin mutum a matsayin wani ɓangare na abinci kuma yana haɗuwa cikin hanta, ƙananan hanji da fata.

A ilimin halittu na cholesterol:

1. Tsarin tsari. Cholesterol kyauta shine kayan jikin sel.

2. Metabolic. Cholesterol tsari ne mai mahimmanci ga abubuwa masu aiki na halitta: bitamin D3, kwayoyin hormones na STEROID (ANDROGENS, ESTROGENS, CORTICOIDS) A yayin hada sinadarin cholesterol a cikin hanta tare da hadin gwiwar CYTOCHROME R-450, ana kirkirar bile acid. A cikin nau'ikan kyauta, ana fitar da cholesterol ta jiki ta amfani da jigilar jini LIPOPROTEINS. Tushen maganin cholesterol:

1. Abinci. Don kwana ɗaya, 0.3 g. cholesterol.

2. A cikin mutane, a matsakaita, tare da adadin 65-70 kg a kowace rana, 3.5 -4.2 g yana haɓaka. cholesterol. Hankalin hanta ya ƙunshi babban matsayi a cikin kwayar cutar cholesterol.Domin lalacewar hanta da hanjinsa, rushewar da jigilar jini LP. Tare da lalacewar hanta da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na biliary, ƙirƙirar da cirewar bile acid da ke haɗuwa da narkewar kitsen abinci. Idan ana batun fashewar kwale-kwalen, ana cika shi da sinadarin cholesterol, wanda hakan ke haifar da samuwar duwatsu. Cutar gallstone tana tasowa. Hypercholesterolemia yana cikin jini.

1. Samuwar acetoacetyl-CoA daga kwayoyi biyu na acetyl-CoA ta amfani da maganin acetoacetyltransferase na thiolase.

2. Samuwar β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA daga acetoacetyl-CoA tare da kwayoyin acetyl-CoA na uku ta amfani da hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase.

3. Samuwar mevalonate ta hanyar rage HMG da kuma kawar da HS-KoA ta amfani da NADP-depend hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase.

4. mevalonic acid ana amfani dashi sau biyu tare da ATP: har zuwa 5-phosphomevalonate, sannan har zuwa 5-pyrophosphomevalonate.

5.5-pyrophosphomevalonate ana phosphorylated a atom carbon 3, yana samar da - 3-phospho-5-pyrophosphomevalonate.

6. Karshen sashin disarboxylated kuma dephosphorylated, an kafa isoachenyl pyrophosphate.

7. Bayan jerin halayen m, an kirkiro squalene.

8. Bayan jerin halayen, an kirkiro lanosterol.

9.Lanosterol ya juya ya zama mai laushi a cikin membranes na sanyin endoplasmic reticulum

Hormones na cututtukan thyroid, glandon adrenal, da gonads tare da hyperfunction suna haɓaka ƙwayar cholesterol, kuma tare da hypofunction suna kunna lalacewarta. Ba'a amfani da shi daga jikin cholesterol a jikinsa wanda yake lalata lalata a hanta. Ana canza kayayyakin lalata zuwa bile acid kuma an kewaya su cikin hanji da bile.