Menene yawan insulin? Wane tasiri insulin yake da shi?

Ana karɓar masu karɓar insulin a cikin hanta, tsokoki da tsoka nama. Sun ƙunshi abubuwa biyu α-2-2 wanda ke waje da tantanin kuma wanne ne ɓangaren gano, kuma 2 β-subunits wanda ke huda ƙwayoyin tantanin halitta ta hanyar kuma suna da aikin tyrosine kinase. Insulin ya danganta da α-subunits, yana ƙara yawan aiki na tyrosine kinase na β-subunits, wanda ke haifar da phosphorylation na sunadarai a cikin tantanin halitta: sunadarai waɗanda ke jigilar glucose, sunadarai waɗanda ke jigilar potassium da phosphate ion zuwa tantanin halitta, hexokinase, glycogen synthetase da sauransu, wanda ke haifar da canji a cikin matakan metabolism. Sannan hadaddun insulin tare da mai karɓa ya shiga tantanin, inda ya rushe. Mai karɓa ya sake haɗawa cikin membrane, kuma insulin yana haɓaka ɗaukar amino acid ta sel, yana kunna ayyukan furotin ribosomal, daga nan sai lysosomes ya narke.

(mai jigilar glucose, mai sauqaqa tsarin yada glucose)

Tissue uptake yana ƙaruwa

Sakamakon ilimin jikin insulin.

Tasirin Hypoglycemic: yana haɓaka jigilar glucose a cikin membranes cell, yana aiki da haɓakar glucose, ƙara haɓakar glycogen, yana hana glycogenolysis da gluconeogenesis.

Tasiri kan mai maiyana haɓaka samuwar da sakawa ta triglycerides, yana hana juyar da mayukan acid zuwa keto acid, yana rage lipolysis, yana hana lipase na ciki.

Tasiri kan tsarin gina jiki:yana kara hadarin sunadarai daga amino acid, yana hana sauya amino acid zuwa keto acid.

Don lura da ciwon sukari.

Yara sun haɗu da nau'in 1 mellitus na ciwon sukari, wanda lalacewa ta hanyar lalata β-sel Kwayoyin cuta da ƙarancin insulin (autoimmune, idiopathic).

Sashin insulin:ya danganta da matakin glucose a cikin jini, glucosuria, acetonuria. 1 rukunin insulin yana amfani da 2.5-5 g na sukari. Preari daidai: unit 1 yanki na insulin yana rage glycemia ta 2.2 mmol / l (glucose na azumi = 3.3-5.5 mmol / l) ko kuma kashi 0.3 - 0.8 / kilogiram na nauyin jiki a rana.

Na farko, ana ɗaukar adadi mafi yawa, sannan an zaɓi sashi daban-daban. Lokacin zaɓin wani abu na insulin, ana auna matakin glucose a cikin jini har zuwa sau 7-9 a rana. Hankali na yara ga insulin ya fi na manya.

Tsari don amfanin insulin.

- na gargajiya: ana yin insulin-gajeran aiki a cikin subcutaneously ko intramuscularly sau 4-5 a rana minti 30 kafin abinci.

- tushen-bolus (ya kara karfi): insulin gajere a takaice mintina 30 kafin abinci + matsakaici da injections na insulin, suna bayarda matakan insal, amma bawai kawarda postprandial hyperglycemia, wanda insulins-gajeran lokaci suke cirewa (mafi kyawun hakan, humalogue).

Insulins ma suna aiki

- increaseara yawan ci tare da raunin nauyin jiki,

- a zaman wani bangare na maganin hana daukar ciki,

- tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2,

- tare da schizophrenia (ƙwayar cutar coma).

Hypoglycemia(mai jurewa fiye da hauhawar jini):

Tachycardia, sweating, rawar jiki, tashin zuciya, yunwar, dysfunction na tsakiyar juyayi tsarin (rikice, m hali), encephalopathy, tashin hankali, coma.

Taimako: karin kumallo mai narkewa, zaƙi. Tare da coma iv, maganin 40% na glucose.

Lipodystrophya wuraren kula da insulin - ɓacewa ko ƙari a cikin ɗimbin kitse na kitse. Yana haɓaka sakamakon ƙaddamar da insulins marasa tsabta, a cikin ƙetaren dabarar gudanar da magunguna (sanyi, gudanarwa na waje (dole ne ya kasance mai zurfi cikin ƙasa)), gabatarwar wuri guda. Mafi sauri kuma gabaɗaya, ana samun insulin daga ƙwayar subcutaneous daga cikin bangon ciki na ciki, a hankali daga kafada, gaban cinya da sannu a hankali daga yankin da aka yanke da gindi. Fiye da 16 IU na insulin ba a sarrafa su a wuri guda, sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 60.

Allergic halayen (itching, fitsari, girgiza ƙwarin jini). Wannan sakamako ne na rashin ingantaccen tsarin insulin, akan abubuwan adanawa, akan insulin dabbobi. Wajibi ne don canja wurin mai haƙuri zuwa ƙarancin ƙwayar immunogenic (insulin mutum), don tsara magungunan antihistamines, HA.

Kumburi daga cikin kwakwalwa, huhu, gabobin ciki.

Karin nauyi (kiba).

Ro-cell atrophy, juriya insulin(yana haɓaka lokacin da insulin ya buƙaci fiye da 2 PIECES / kg na nauyin jiki, tare da gabatarwar fiye da 60 PIECES kowace rana).

Hanyoyin juji na lantarki, rikicewar metabolism, asarar ƙwaƙwalwa, hanawar sassauci, tashin zuciya, rikicewar hemodynamic.

Bambanci yana da wahala: iv 40% maganin glucose.

Insul-insulin cikin nutsuwa gajere (10-20 IU) + glucose kamar yadda ake bukata.

Bugu da ƙari, subcutaneously ko i / m 5-10 IU na insulin don sarrafa glucose.

Harkokin jiko - isotonic mafita na sodium chloride, potassium chloride.

A cikin pH na jini kasa da 7.0 w / w sodium bicarbonate bayani.

Cocarboxylase don rage matakan ketone.

Type 2 ciwon sukari mellitus

An wajabta wakilan maganin haila na baka wanda ba a amfani dashi a cikin ilimin yara.

Maganin bakin jini mara karfi

Aikin magunguna

Insulin da ke cikin jinin mu, wani ne wanda yake daidaita metabolism, yana rage sukari jini, yana taimakawa wajen daukar glucose.

Akwai bukatar mutum ya karbi insulin daga waje a wadancan maganganun lokacin da farji ya daina fitar da shi a isasshen yawa ko ya samar da mai yawa. Matsayi na insulin a cikin jinin mutum mai lafiya shine 3-20 mkU / ml. Tare da mahaukaci, ciwon sukari na 1 ya fara zuwa ƙasa kaɗan, kuma nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana haɓaka tare da ƙara insulin.

An yi amfani da insulin na wucin gadi don dalilai na likita daga gland na pancreas, shanu, kuma ana amfani da injiniyan kwayoyin.

Alamu don amfani insulin

Babban amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi shine lura da nau'in 1 mellitus na ciwon sukari. A wasu halaye, ana amfani dashi don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.

Ana amfani da karamin kashi na insulin (5-10ED) don magance hepatitis, cirrhosis a farkon matakin, tare da ci, furunlera, acidosis, abinci mara kyau, thyrotoxicosis.

Ana iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don lalata tsarin juyayi, don kula da giya, wasu nau'ikan schizophrenia.

Hanyar aikace-aikace

M, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin tsoka ko a ƙarƙashin fata, a cikin manyan lokuta masu fama da ciwon sukari ana gudanar dashi a cikin jijiya.

Ana amfani da yawan maganin da ake buƙata akai-akai gwargwadon sakamakon binciken, incl. bayanai akan matakin sukari, insulin a cikin jini, saboda haka zaka iya ba da matsakaicin halayen halayen ne kawai.

Matsakaicin insulin da ake buƙata don ciwon sukari mellitus ya tashi daga 10-40 ED kowace rana.

Tare da coma mai ciwon sukari kowace rana, ba za a iya gudanar da IU sama da 100 I subcutaneously, kuma tare da gudanarwar cikin ciki, babu fiye da 50 IU kowace rana.

Don wasu alamomi, an tsara maganin a cikin ƙananan allurai - 6-10ED / rana.

Don injections na insulin, ana amfani da sirinji na musamman, tare da allurar ginannun ciki, ƙirar wacce ke ba da izinin gabatar da duk abubuwan da ke ciki ba tare da saura ba, wanda ke ba ku damar bin ainihin maganin.

Kafin tattara insulin a cikin nau'i na dakatarwa a cikin sirinji, abubuwan da ke cikin murfin ya kamata a girgiza don samar da fitowar suttura

Yawanci, ana gudanar da aikin yau da kullun a allurai biyu zuwa uku. Ana yin allura rabin sa'a, awa daya kafin cin abinci. Ayyukan insulin, kashi daya na shi, yana farawa bayan rabin sa'a, awa daya kuma ya kai awanni 4-8.

Ayyukan insulin a cikin ciki yana farawa ne bayan mintina 20-30., Matatar sukari tayi kasa a matakin asali bayan awa daya zuwa biyu.

Side effects

Lokacin da aka sarrafa magungunan a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, lipodystrophy zai iya haɓaka. Hakanan, ƙwayar zata iya haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki.

Ingantaccen insulin saboda yawan shan karfinsa na iya haifar da girgizawar hawan jini. Bayyanar cututtuka: haɓakar ɗanɗano, hauhawa, rauni, gazawar numfashi, farin ciki, bugun zuciya, da wuya - coma, cramps, delirium, asarar sani.

Insulin: farashin a cikin kantin magunguna na kan layi

Syringe sfm insulin 3x comp 1ml n20 (u40 ​​/ u100 26g 0.45x12)

Syringe bd insulin micro fine + 0.5ml n10 (u100 g29 0.33x12.7)

Syringe bd insulin micro lafiya + 1ml n10 (u40 ​​30g 0.3x8)

Syringe bd insulin micro-lafiya + 1ml n10 (u100 g30 0.3x8)

Syringe bd insulin micro fine + demi 0.3ml n10 (u100 g30 0.3x8)

Insulin Protafan NM dakatarwa. d / allurar 100ME / ml 10ml

Maganin insulin Actrapid NM don allurar 100ME / ml 10ml

Syringe sfm insulin 3x comp 1ml n100 (u100 29g 0.33x12.7)

Syringe sfm insulin 3x comp 1ml n100 (u40 ​​29g 0.33x12.7 ind pack)

Maganin insulin Actrapid NM Penfill don allurar 100 IU / ml katunan 3ml No. 5

Insulin Protafan NM Penfill Dakatarwa. d / inject100ME / ml katunan 3ml N5

Insulin Humulin M3 Dakatarwa. d / allurar 100 IU / ml katunan. 3ml №5

Insulin Humulin bayani na yau da kullun r / d 100 katunan IU / ml. 3ml №5

Insulin Humalog rr d / allurar 100ME / ml katunan. 3ml №5

Maganin insulin Apidra Solostar don allurar 100ME / ml 3ml No. 5 spr-pen.

Bayanai game da miyagun ƙwayoyi an samar da su, an bayar da su ne don dalilai na bayanai kuma baya maye gurbin umarnin hukuma. Kai magani yana da haɗari ga lafiya!

Yawancin mata suna iya samun ƙarin jin daɗi daga tunanin kyakkyawan jikinsu a cikin madubi fiye da jima'i. Don haka, mata ku yi ƙoƙari don jituwa.

Mutumin da ke shan magungunan maye a yawancin lokuta zai sake fuskantar wahala daga bacin rai. Idan mutum ya jimre da damuwa na kashin kansa, yana da kowane damar ya manta da wannan halin har abada.

Ya kasance hakan yana haɓaka jiki da oxygen. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi ya gurbata. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa hayaniya, mutum yana sanya kwantar da hankali da haɓaka aikinsa.

Miliyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ana haihuwar su, suna rayuwa kuma suna mutuwa cikin gutuwarmu. Ana iya ganin su kawai da girman girma, amma idan sun taru, za su dace da kofin kofi na yau da kullun.

Mabuɗin cakulan duhu huɗu sun ƙunshi adadin kuzari ɗari biyu. Don haka idan ba kwa son samun lafiya, zai fi kyau kada ku ci fiye da lobules biyu a rana.

Domin faɗi har ma da mafi guntu kuma mafi sauƙaƙan kalmomi, muna amfani da tsokoki 72.

A cikin 5% na marasa lafiya, maganin antidepressant clomipramine yana haifar da inzali.

Idan hanta ta daina aiki, mutuwa zata faru tsakanin kwana guda.

Jinin ɗan adam "yana gudana" ta cikin jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsanancin matsin lamba, kuma idan an keta mutuncin sa, zai iya harba har zuwa mita 10.

Cutar hanta ita ce mafi girman jikinmu. Matsakaicin nauyinta shine kilogiram 1.5.

Cutar da ta fi kamari ita ce cutar Kuru. Wakilan ƙabilar Fore a New Guinea kawai ba su da lafiya tare da ita. Mai haƙuri ya mutu saboda dariya. An yi imanin cewa sanadin cutar tana cin kwakwalwar mutum.

Magunguna da yawa an fara tallata su azaman magunguna. Misali, a farko, an siyar da Heroin azaman maganin tari. Kuma likitoci sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da cocaine a matsayin maganin hana haihuwa da kuma hanyar wadatar da haƙuri.

Tare da ziyarar yau da kullun a kan tanning, damar samun ciwon fata yana ƙaruwa da 60%.

A lokacin rayuwa, matsakaicin mutum ya samar da kasa da ruwa biyu na yau.

Kodan mu na iya tsarkake lita uku na jini a cikin minti daya.

Yawan ma'aikata da ke aiki a ofis ya karu sosai. Wannan halayyar musamman halayyar manyan birane ne. Aikin ofishi yana jan hankalin maza da mata.

Yawan aiwatar da kwayoyi

A cikin magani, magunguna na durations masu zuwa an rarrabe su:

• gajere
• ultrashort
• matsakaiciyar lokacin bayyanarwa
• tsawan lokacin bayyanarwa.

Yin amfani da guda ɗaya ko wani nau'in insulin ya dogara da halaye na haƙuri da lura da ciwon sukari. Abubuwan insulin daban-daban sun bambanta tsakanin kansu a cikin hanyar kira da haɗewa. Ga kowane nau'in magani, ana amfani da umarnin yin amfani da shi daidai da waɗannan fasalolin.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu buƙatu na gaba ɗaya waɗanda ya kamata a lura lokacin yin aikin insulin. Kowane magani na insulin yana da wasu alamomi don amfani da contraindications.

Menene wannan

Insulin shine shirye-shiryen hormone-peptide. Ana amfani dashi azaman magani na musamman don maganin ciwon sukari. Wannan hormone ne wanda ke aiki sosai a cikin ƙwayar carbohydrate kuma yana rage yawan glucose a cikin jini. Ana samun raguwar Carbohydrate ta hanyar ƙara yawan sukari ta hanyar ƙwayoyin insulin-da ke dogara da tasirin insulin, wanda ke haɓaka aikin glycogen ta ƙwayoyin hanta kuma yana hana canza amino acid da mai a cikin carbohydrates.

Amma akwai sakamako na sakamako na insulin a jiki.

Idan ya bata?

Tare da rashinsa, ana lura da karuwa a cikin matakan sukari, wanda ke tsokane faruwar cutar mellitus da sauran rikitarwa. Rashin insulin yana faruwa saboda canje-canje a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon rikice-rikice a cikin ayyukan tsarin endocrine, bayan raunin da ya faru ko yayin tashin hankali na hankali wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin damuwa.

Magunguna ana yin su ne daga ƙashin ƙwayar cututtukan fata na dabbobi.

Farfesa don ciwon sukari

Insulin ana ɗauka shine ainihin takamaiman magani a cikin lura da ciwon sukari mellitus, tunda yana rage hyperglycemia, sake farfado da samar da glycogen a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta da tsokoki, rage haɓakar glucose, daskarar da ciwon sukari, da kuma daidaita yanayin mai haƙuri. An samo insulin don amfanin likita daga cututtukan aladu da shanu. Akwai hanya don samar da sinadaran insulin, amma a halin yanzu ba a iya aiki da shi. Hanyoyin kere-kere na kere kere na samar da insulin na mutum ya inganta. Insulin da aka samu ta injiniyan kwayoyin ya yi daidai da jerin amino acid na insulin mutane.

A cikin yanayin inda aka samo wannan abun daga gland na dabba, ana iya sanya abubuwa masu yawa daga ciki (glucagon, proinsulin, sunadarai, statin kai, polypeptides, da sauransu) a cikin samfurin sakamakon isasshen tsarkakewa. Abincin da aka isasshen tsarkakakken zai iya haifar da sakamako masu illa da yawa.

Insulin alade na alade yafi shahara a yau. An kuma yi amfani da insulin din ɗan adam na yau da kullun.

Ayyukan wannan abu yana ƙaddara ta hanyar halitta. Don ɗayan ɓangare na aiki (ɓangare na ƙasa), ana ɗaukar nauyin 0.04082 mg na insulin.

Kafin muyi la’akari da yadda insulin ke shafar jikin mutum da illolin wannan sinadarin, zamu gano a wadanne lokuta ne aka wajabta shi.

Alamu don alƙawari

Alamu don alƙawarin shine kasancewar a cikin jikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan masu fama da ciwon sukari na dogaro da jini. A cikin kananan allurai, ana iya amfani dashi wajen maganin wasu cututtukan hanta. Idan ya cancanta, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da irin waɗannan magunguna don maganin cututtukan kwakwalwa da cututtukan zuciya.

Insulin na iya samun alamomi masu zuwa don amfani:

• lura da rigakafin acidosis,
• lalatawar jiki,
• sabbinna,
• furunlera,
• mai ciwon sukari mai cutar kansa,
• cututtukan ciki, eczema, da sauransu.

Tare da shan barasa da schizophrenia

Yin amfani da insulin a cikin maganin shan barasa da wasu nau'ikan schizophrenia sun nuna kyakkyawan sakamako. Yayin gudanar da aikin schizophrenia, an wajabta maganin insulinocomatous, wanda aka gabatar da kashi na insulin a cikin jikin mai haƙuri wanda ba shi da ikon haifar da girgiza hypoglycemic. A wasu halaye, ana ba da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da insulin ga marasa lafiya yayin sauƙaƙan ƙwaƙwalwar jijiya.

Za a gabatar da Contraindications da illa na insulin a ƙasa.

Yaushe yana yin insulin?

Insulin yana da wasu iyakoki da contraindications don amfani.Waɗannan halayen pathological suna cikin jerin contraindications:

• maganin ciwon huhu
• hepatitis
• fitar
• kasancewar kashin yara a cikin kodan da kuma lokacin cutar koda da cutar koda.
• decompensated cututtukan zuciya,
• narkewar ciki.

Baya ga cututtukan da ke sama, an ba da izinin insulins a cikin waɗannan lambobin:

• kasancewar mai haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari na mellitus na nau'in insulin wanda ya dogara da insulin ɗin roba,
• hypoglycemia ko abubuwanda ake bukata domin abin da ya faru,

Shawara ta musamman

Abinda ya danganta ga amfani da waɗannan magunguna shine kasancewar mummunan halayen rashin lafiyan kai tsaye ga kwayoyi waɗanda suke cikin insulin.

Yawancin magunguna waɗanda ke ɗauke da insulin ba a ba da shawarar don magance ciwon sukari ba yayin daukar ciki da lactation. A wannan lokacin, magunguna da aka yi akan asalin insulin asalin dabbobi yakamata a yi amfani dasu.

Sakamakon sakamako na insulin

Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yayin amfani da insulin ana bayyana su ta fuskar yawan zubar ruwa lokacin allura. A wannan halin, ana iya ƙaruwa cikin matakan jini na wani abu. Wannan na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban yanayin haɓakar haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da rawar jiki cikin rashin tsoro.

Wannan shine babban sakamako na insulin akan jikin mutum, amma akwai wasu.

Itsara matakinsa yana taimakawa ƙara yawan ɗumi, tsananin farin ciki, haɓakar ayyukan sirrin glandon gvvari da haɓaka ƙarancin numfashi. Ta hanyar yawan shan kwayoyi kuma ba tare da shan magunguna ko abinci a cikin carbohydrates ba, asarar hankali da kuma rawar jiki na iya faruwa. Abu mai biyo baya ya haifar da kwayar cutar rashin daidaituwa.

Yaya za a hana wannan?

Don kawar da alamun cutar yawan ƙwayar cuta, kuna buƙatar cin 100 g farin farin, aan tablespoons kaɗan na sukari ko kopin shayi mai zaki, zaku iya cin apple.

Idan alamun bayyanar girgiza sun bayyana, mai haƙuri dole ne ya saka glucose a cikin ciki. Idan ya cancanta, za a iya amfani da subcutaneous management of adrenaline.

Sakamakon sakamako na insulin ya kamata ya zama sananne ga kowane mai ciwon sukari.

Ana buƙatar wasu taka tsantsan yayin amfani da waɗannan magungunan roba na mellitus na sukari, musamman lokacin da suka haɓaka ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta kuma idan akwai damuwa a cikin wurare dabam dabam na ƙwayar cuta. Game da amfani da nau'ikan shirye-shiryen insulin, ana sa ran tsarin fitsari da lafiyar jini da tabbatar da matsayin sukari a cikinsu. Wannan binciken zai taimaka maka fahimtar wane lokaci zai zama mafi kyau don gudanar da magani don rage tasirin sakamako na insulin.

Don gudanar da magunguna na insulin, ana amfani da sirinji na insulin ko na musamman, wanda ya dogara da nau'in insulin da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin ilimin insulin.

Yaya za a yi amfani da abu don guje wa tasirin insulin a cikin ciwon sukari?