Type 2 ciwon sukari > Ciwon sukari

Type 2 ciwon sukari (rashin lafiyar insulin-wanda ke dogaro da kansa) cuta ce ta rayuwa wanda ake kira hyperglycemia na kullum, wanda ke haɓaka sakamakon rikicewar mu'amala da insulin tare da ƙwayoyin nama (WHO, 1999).

Type 2 ciwon sukari mellitus.
Alamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Amince da Ita: Haɗin Haɗuwa da Ciwon Ciwon Rana.
ICD-10	E 11 11.
ICD-10-KM	E11
ICD-9	250.00 250.00 , 250.02 250.02
Omim	125853
Cututtuka	3661
Karafarini	000313
eMedicine	labarin / 117853
Raga	D003924

A cikin 1999, Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a matsayin cuta na rayuwa wanda ke haɓaka sakamakon lalacewar insulin ƙwaƙwalwa ko kuma rage ƙarancin jijiya ga insulin (juriya insulin).

A cikin 2009, masanin Amurka R. De Fronzo, a karo na farko, ya gabatar da wani samfurin wanda ya haɗa da "barazanar octet" da ke tattare da mahimman hanyoyin haɗin halayen cuta wanda ke haifar da hauhawar jini. Ya zama fili cewa ban da juriya na insulin na ƙwayoyin hanta, ƙwaƙwalwar manufa da ys-cell dysfunction, muhimmiyar rawa a cikin pathogenesis na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ana wasa ta hanyar lalacewar tasirin, glucagon overproduction ta hanyar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na pancreatic, kunna lipolysis ta adipocytes, ƙara yawan ƙwayar renal glucose reabsorption, kazalika da dysfunction. watsawar neurotransmitter a matakin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Wannan makirci, wanda ya fara nuna alamun bunƙasar ci gaba da cutar, har zuwa kwanan nan, mafi yawan bayyanannun ra'ayoyi na zamani game da cututtukan cututtukan cuta na nau'in 2. Koyaya, a cikin 2016, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya, wanda Stanley S. Schwartz ya jagoranta, sun gabatar da wata hanya ta "juyin juya hali", waɗanda aka haɗa da ƙarin hanyoyin haɓaka uku don haɓakar haɓakar cuta: ƙonewa na tsari, canje-canje na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a cikin microflora na hanji da kuma wahalar samar da amylin. Don haka, har zuwa yau, an riga an san hanyoyin 11 na haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaban ciwon sukari.

I. Mai tsananin rauni:

nau'i mai laushi (wanda aka san shi da ikon rama cutar kawai tare da abinci ko abinci a hade tare da ɗayan kwamfutar hannu guda ɗaya na ƙwayar sukari na rage sukari. Samun haɓakar angiopathies yana da ƙasa).
matsakaici mai ƙarfi (rama na cuta na rayuwa yayin shan allunan 2-3 na magunguna masu rage sukari. Wataƙila haɗuwa tare da matakan aiki na rikicewar jijiyoyin jini).
hanya mai tsanani (ana biyan diyya ta hanyar haɗuwa da allunan magungunan rage ƙwayar sukari da insulin, ko kuma maganin insulin kawai. A wannan matakin, an lura da bayyanar wahalar cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki - matakin tsinkaye na ci gaba na retinopathy, nephropathy, angiopathy na ƙananan ƙarshen, encephalopathy, bayyananniyar bayyanar cututtukan neuropathy za a iya bincikar lafiya).

Na II. Dangane da matsayin diyya na carbohydrate metabolism:

lokaci na rama
lokaci na ƙarƙashin ƙasa
ɓata lokaci

III. A gaban rikitarwa:

Ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ya faru ne sakamakon haɗuwa da abubuwan gado da abubuwan haɓaka. Mafi yawan mutane masu irin wannan cutar suna da kiba. Kiba mai yawa shine ɗayan manyan haɗarin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2. A cikin yara masu kiba, haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2 shine sau 4 mafi girma.

Biye da abinci na rashin abinci a jiki wanda mutane ba tare da cutar celiac ba na kara hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2. Wannan ƙarshe an yi shi ne sakamakon sakamakon binciken, wanda aka buga sakamakon shi a shafin yanar gizon Heartungiyar Zuciyar Amurka. A cikin mutanen da suka ci abinci mafi yawa a cikin kullun, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai nau'in 2 a cikin shekaru 30 ya kasance ƙasa da waɗanda ke ba da shawarar rage cin abinci. Marubutan aikin sun lura cewa mutanen da suka yi ƙoƙarin guje wa gilututtukan sun cinye ƙananan abincin da ke cikin wadatar fiber, wanda ke da kaddarorin kariya daga masu ciwon sukari na 2.

Hakanan ya bayyana tasirin cutar sankarau na nau'in 2 na kamuwa da cuta mai yawa ta hanyar samun hasken rana da kuma gurbatawar mazaunin mazaunin.

Ciwon sukari mellitus yana bayyana ta karuwa a cikin glucose jini, raguwa a cikin ikon kyallen takarda don kamawa da amfani da glucose, da kuma haɓaka haɗarin hanyoyin samar da makamashi - amino acid da mai mai kyauta.

Matsayi mai yawa na glucose a cikin jini da ruwayoyi daban-daban na haifar da karuwa a cikin karfinsu na osmotic - osmotic diuresis yana haɓakawa (haɓaka asarar ruwa da gishiri a cikin kodan), yana haifar da rashin ruwa (rashin ruwa) na jiki da haɓakar rashi na sodium, potassium, alli da magnesium cations, chlorine anions, phosphate da bicarbonate. Mai haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari yana haɓaka ƙishirwa, polyuria (urination akai-akai), rauni, gajiya, bushewar mucous membranes duk da shan ruwa mai yawa, murɗa tsoka, ƙwayar zuciya, da sauran alamun rashin ƙarfi na electrolyte.

Bugu da kari, hauhawar yawan glucose a cikin jini da ruwayoyin halittu suna haɓaka glycosylation na rashin enzymatic enzymatic, wanda ya kasance gwargwadon girman taro. Sakamakon haka, aiki ya lalace yawancin furodusoshi masu mahimmanci, kuma a sakamakon haka, canje-canje masu yawa na cututtukan halittu daban-daban suna haɓaka.

Kayan bincike na kamuwa da cutar siga 2:

Glycated haemoglobin (HbAlc ≥ 6.5%),
Azumtar glucose din plasma (≥ 7 mmol / L),
Plasma glucose bayan 2 OGTT (gwajin haƙuri na glucose na baka) (≥ 11 mmol / l),
Plasma glucose, bazuwar gano, alamun hyperglycemia ko decompensation metabolism (≥11 mmol / L).

Ciwon Ciki Gyara

Tsunami da bushe bakin
Polyuria - urination mai yawa
Zodkozh
Janar da rauni na tsoka
Kiba
Mara lafiya rauni warkar

Ciwon mara na micro- da macroangiopathy - mai rauni na jijiyoyin bugun gini, ƙaruwar ƙwaƙwalwa, haɓaka halayen ƙwayoyin jini, zuwa haɓakar atherosclerosis na jijiyoyin jiki,

Cututtukan ciwon sukari - keɓaɓɓen jijiya polyneuritis, jin zafi tare da jijiyoyi, paresis da inna,

Ciwon sukari - zafin hadin gwiwa, "crunching", iyakancewar motsi, raguwa da yawan sinadarin synovial da kara danko danko,

Ophthalmopathy na masu ciwon sukari - farkon haɓakar cataracts (girgije ruwan tabarau), maganin cututtukan fata (raunuka na fata),

Nephropathy na ciwon sukari - lalacewar kodan tare da bayyanar furotin da ƙwayoyin jini a cikin fitsari, kuma a cikin manyan lokuta tare da haɓakar glomerulosclerosis da gazawar koda,

Encephalopathy na ciwon sukari - canje-canje a cikin psyche da yanayi, rashin ƙarfi na ruhi ko ɓacin rai, alamun cututtukan juyayi na tsakiya.

Don lura da ciwon sukari na 2, ya zama dole a hada abinci, matsakaiciyar motsa jiki da magani tare da magunguna daban-daban.

Magunguna waɗanda ke rage shaƙar glucose a cikin hanji da ƙwaƙwalwarsa a cikin hanta da haɓaka haɓakar kyallen takarda zuwa aikin insulin:

biguanides: metformin (Bagomet, Gliformin, Glucofage, Diaformin, Insufor, Metamine, Metfogama, Siofor, Formmetin, Form Pliva),
thiazolidinediones: rosiglitazone (Avandia), pioglitazone (Actos).

Magunguna waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙwayar insulin:

Glucose mai tawakkali:

Shirye-shirye na masu hana DPP-4: vildagliptin (Galvus, Galvus Met), sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin.

Glucose mai zaman kanta:

Shiryawa na ƙarni na biyu na sulfanilurea: glibenclamide (Maninil), glyclazide (Diabeton MV), glimepiride (Amaryl, Diamerid, Glemaz, Glimaks, Glimepiride), glycidone (Glyurenorm), glipizide (Glybinez-retard),
nesulfanylurea sakatariyar sirri: repaglinide (Diaglinide, Novonorm), nateglinide (Starlix).

Masu hana α-glycosidase (acarbose) suna hana enzymes na hanji wanda ke rushe hadaddun carbohydrates zuwa glucose, ta haka ne zai iya ɗaukar yawan glucose a cikin ƙwayar gastrointestinal.

Fenofibrate mai kunnawa ne na masu karɓa na nukiliya. Yana ƙarfafa masu karɓa a cikin hanta kuma yana daidaita metabolism na lipid, yana rage ci gaban atherosclerosis a cikin tasoshin zuciya. Saboda haɓakar masu karɓar nukiliya a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki, yana rage kumburi a cikin bango na jijiyoyin jiki, yana inganta microcirculation, wanda aka bayyana a cikin jinkirin ci gaba na retinopathy (gami da raguwa a cikin bukatar lasco photocoagulation), nephropathy, polyneuropathy. Yana rage abun ciki na uric acid, wanda shine ƙarin fa'ida tare da yawan haɗuwa da cututtukan siga da gout.

Sanadin cutar da kungiyoyin haɗari

Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba zasu iya sanin dalilin da yasa sel da ƙwayoyin jikin ba su amsa cikakkiyar samarwa ga insulin. Koyaya, godiya ga yawancin bincike, sun sami damar gano mahimman abubuwan da ke kara haɓakar haɓakar cutar:

Rashin asalin yanayin hormonal yayin balaga, hade da hormone girma.
Kiba mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin sukari na jini da kuma adana cholesterol a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, yana haifar da cutar atherosclerosis.
Jinsi na mutum. Bincike ya nuna cewa mata sun fi saurin kamuwa da cutar siga 2.
Race. An tabbatar da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na 30% wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tseren baƙar fata.
Kashi. Idan iyayen biyu suna da ciwon sukari na 2, to, tare da yiwuwar kashi 60-70% zasu ci gaba a cikin yayansu. A cikin tagwaye a cikin 58-65% na lokuta, wannan cutar tana haɓaka lokaci guda, a cikin tagwaye a cikin 16-30% na lokuta.
Rashin aiki na hanta tare da cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, da sauransu.
Rashin lafiyar ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic.
Magani tare da beta-blockers, atypical antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, thiazides, da sauransu.
Lokacin haihuwar yaro. Yayin cikin ciki, ƙwayoyin jiki sun fi kulawa da samar da insulin. Wannan yanayin ana kiranta ciwon suga, bayan haihuwar ta tafi, a lokuta da dama ba zata wuce nau'in ciwon suga 2 ba.
Habitsabi'a mara kyau - shan sigari da motsa jiki, barasa.
Rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Rayuwa mara aiki.

Riskungiyar haɗarin ci gaba da wannan cutar ta hada da mutane:

tare da maganin gado
kiba
koyaushe shan glucocorticoids,
tare da ci gaban cataracts,
fama da cututtuka - Itsenko-Cushing (cutar kansa ta hanta) da acromegaly (ƙwayar gland shine yake),
fama da atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, hauhawar jini,
tare da cututtukan rashin lafiyan, misali, eczema, neurodermatitis, da sauransu,
tare da karuwa da sukari na jini, sakamakon bugun zuciya, bugun jini, kamuwa da cuta ko daukar ciki,

Groupungiyar haɗarin ta haɗa da matan da suka kamu da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ko nauyin yaran a lokacin haihuwa sama da kilo 4.

Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari na 2, alamu da magani suna da alaƙa da alamu da lura da ciwon sukari na 1. Sau da yawa, alamun farko na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna bayyana ne kawai bayan 'yan watanni, kuma wani lokacin bayan wasu' yan shekaru (wani nau'in cutar).

A kallon farko, alamomin ciwon sukari na 2 ba su da bambanci da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1. Amma har yanzu akwai bambanci. Yayin haɓakar mutum na ciwon sukari na 2, alamu:

Babban ƙishirwa, sha'awar kullun don sauƙaƙe buƙata. Bayyanar irin waɗannan alamu tana da alaƙa da haɓaka kaya a jikin kodan, wanda yakamata ya kawar da ƙarin sukari. Tunda basu da ruwa don wannan aikin, sun fara ɗaukar ruwa daga kyallen takarda.
Gajiya, haushi, farin ciki. Tunda glucose shine kayan makamashi, rashinsa yana haifar da rashin kuzari a cikin sel da ƙirar jikin. Dizziness yana da alaƙa da aikin kwakwalwa, na farkon da zai sha wahala tare da isasshen adadin glucose a cikin jini.
Rashin gani na gani wanda ke haifar da ci gaban cutar - retinopathy na ciwon sukari. Laifuka a cikin aikin jijiyoyin jini a cikin gira yana faruwa, sabili da haka, idan baƙar fata da sauran lahani sun bayyana a hoton, ya kamata ka tuntuɓi likita nan da nan.
Yunwar, ko da ana cin abinci mai yawa.
Bushewa a cikin rami na baka.
Ragewa a cikin ƙwayar tsoka.
Itchy fata da rashes.

Tare da tsawan lokaci na cutar, alamomin na iya yin muni.

Marasa lafiya na iya yin gunaguni da alamun cututtukan type 2, kamar cututtukan yisti, jin zafi da kumburi kafafu, ƙanƙan ƙafa, da warkewar rauni mai tsawo.

Matsaloli da ka iya haifar da ci gaban cutar

Ana iya haifar da rikice-rikice iri-iri ta hanyar gaza lura da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, halaye marasa kyau, salon rashin aiki, bayyanar cutar rashin magani da warkewar cutar. Mai haƙuri na iya fuskantar irin waɗannan cututtukan da sakamakon a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2:

Cutar sankarau (hypersmolar) coma, yana buƙatar asibiti mai gaggawa da kuma sake tsayuwa.
Hypoglycemia - raguwa mai yawa a cikin glucose jini.
Polyneuropathy wani abu ne mai lalacewa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kafafu da hannaye saboda rashi aiki na jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini.
Retinopathy cuta cuta ce da ke shafar retina kuma tana kaiwa ga gurɓatar da ita.
Sau da yawa mura ko SARS saboda raunin garkuwar jiki.
Cutar kwayar cuta cuta ce da ake dangantawa da aiki mai lalacewa ta jiki da sinadarai a jiki.
Kasancewar cututtukan cututtukan trophic saboda tsawon warkaswar raunuka da ƙyallen.
Rashin daidaituwa a cikin maza, wanda ke faruwa shekaru 15 da suka gabata fiye da masu girma. Yiwuwar afkuwar hakan ya kai daga 20 zuwa 85%.

Dangane da abubuwan da aka ambata, ya zama a bayyane dalilin da yasa dole ne a gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da wuri-wuri.

Bayyanar cutar

Don bincika kasancewar ko raunin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kana buƙatar wuce ɗayan gwaje-gwaje sau da yawa - gwajin haƙuri na glucose ko nazarin plasma a kan komai a ciki. Nazarin lokaci-lokaci na iya koyaushe ba zai nuna daidai sakamakon ba. Wani lokacin mutum zai iya cin abinci da yawa na Sweets ko ya zama mai juyayi, don haka matakin sukari zai tashi. Amma wannan ba za a danganta shi da haɓakar cutar ba.

Gwajin haƙuri a cikin jini yana ƙayyade yawan glucose ɗin a cikin jini. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar shan ruwa (300 ml), tun da farko an soke sukari a ciki (75 g). Bayan sa'o'i 2, ana ba da bincike, idan kun sami sakamakon fiye da 11.1 mmol / l, zaku iya magana game da ciwon sukari.

Nazarin glucose na jini yana nuna haɓakar hyper- da hypoglycemia. Ana yin bincike don ɓoye ciki da safe. Lokacin samun sakamako, al'ada a cikin manya ana ɗaukar su da yawa darajar daga 3.9 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L, ƙasa mai tsaka-tsaki (cutar kansa) - daga 5.6 zuwa 6.9 mmol / L, ciwon sukari mellitus - daga 7 mmol / L ko fiye.

Yawancin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 2 suna da na'urar ta musamman don ƙayyade abubuwan sukari - glucometer. Dole ne a ƙayyade matakin glucose aƙalla sau uku a rana (da safe, sa'a daya bayan cin abinci da maraice).

Kafin amfani dashi, dole ne a hankali karanta umarnin da aka makala.

Shawarwarin jiyya don maganin ciwon sukari na 2

Kafin shan magani, kuna buƙatar inganta salon rayuwar ku.

Likitocin da ke halartar asibitin sukan tsara yadda za su iya yin amfani da magani, idan aka yi la’akari da halayen mutum na mai haƙuri.

Cutar kamar gudawa mellitus 4 m maki dole ne a lura yayin jiyya. Wadannan abubuwan sune kamar haka:

Ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Ga masu ciwon sukari, likita ya ba da umarnin abinci na musamman. Yawancin lokaci yana haɗa da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, abinci dauke da fiber da carbohydrates masu rikitarwa. Yakamata mu daina leda, lemu, kayayyakin burodi da jan nama.
Haɗuwa da annashuwa da motsa jiki.Rayuwar rayuwa mai aiki shine panacea, musamman ga masu ciwon sukari. Kuna iya yin yoga, tsere da safe ko kuma kawai ku tafi yawo.
Shan magungunan kwantar da hankula. Wasu marasa lafiya na iya yin ba tare da magani ba, lura da tsarin abinci na musamman da salon rayuwa mai aiki. An haramta shan magungunan kai, kawai likita na iya tsara wasu magunguna, yana nuna daidai sashi.
Kullum saka idanu akan matakan sukari, mai haƙuri zai iya hana hypo - ko hyperglycemia.

Kawai lura da waɗannan buƙatun, yin amfani da magunguna zai zama da tasiri, yanayin mai haƙuri zai inganta.

Gudanar da ilimin magunguna

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, yawancin marasa lafiya suna mamakin irin abin da ya kamata a sha. A yanzu, a cikin maganin cutar sankara, maganin zamani ya inganta. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa baza ku iya shiga cikin maganin kanku ba. Likita na iya rubuto muku:

Magunguna waɗanda ke haɓaka samar da insulin - Diabeton, Amaril, Tolbutamide, Novonorm, Glipizid. Yawancin lokaci matasa da manyan mutane sun yarda da waɗannan kudade, amma sake duba tsofaffi ba ingantattu bane. A wasu halaye, magani daga wannan jerin zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyan cuta da rashin lafiyar adrenal gland malfunction.
Wakili ne wanda ke rage yawan shan glucose a cikin hanji. Kowane kwamfutar hannu na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin wannan jerin yana ƙunshi abu mai aiki - metformin. Wadannan sun hada da Gliformin, Insufor, Formin Pliva, Diaformin. Ayyukan magungunan an yi niyya don kwantar da hankali na sukari a cikin hanta da kuma kara yawan jijiyoyin jikin mutum zuwa insulin.
Glycosidase inhibitors, wanda ya hada da acarbose. Magungunan sun shafi enzymes wanda ke taimakawa rushe hadaddun carbohydrates zuwa glucose, yana toshe su. Sabili da haka, ana hana matakan shawo kan glucose.
Fenofibrate magani ne wanda ke kunna masu karɓa na alpha don rage ci gaban atherosclerosis. Wannan magani yana ƙarfafa ganuwar jijiyoyin jini, yana inganta jini da kuma hana faruwar haɗurra masu mahimmanci irin su retinopathy da nephropathy.

A tsawon lokaci, tasirin irin waɗannan magunguna yana raguwa. Saboda haka, likitan da ke halarta na iya ba da takardar maganin insulin.

Ciwon sukari na 2 na iya haifar da matsaloli daban-daban, saboda haka an wajabta insulin don rama ciwon sukari na jini.

Magungunan magungunan ƙwayar cuta ga nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Magunguna na gargajiya a cikin lura da ciwon sukari na 2 ana iya amfani dashi a layi daya tare da babban hanyar maganin.

Yana ƙarfafa rigakafin mai haƙuri kuma baya da illa.

Abubuwan girke-girke na yau da kullun na mutane zasu taimaka wajen daidaita abubuwan sukari

Wani jiko na Aspen haushi shine ingantaccen magani a matakin farko na ciwon sukari. A cikin ruwan zãfi (0.5 l) jefa wani tablespoon na haushi, tafasa na kimanin minti 15 da sanyi. Dole ne a dauki irin wannan ado 50 ml kafin abinci sau uku a rana.
"Abin sha na musamman ga masu ciwon sukari", wanda ƙarni da yawa suka tabbatar da shi. Don shirya, kuna buƙatar ganyen blueberry bushe, ganyen wake da tushen burdock, 15 MG kowane. Mix dukkan sinadaran kuma zuba tafasasshen ruwa, bar kimanin awa 10. A decoction ya bugu sau uku a rana don kofuna waɗanda 0.5. Aikin da yakeyi shine wata 1, sannan ayi hutu na sati 2.
Cinnamon ado shine kyakkyawan madadin magani ga masu ciwon sukari na 2, wanda ke inganta jijiyoyin sel zuwa insulin kuma yana kawar da kumburi a jiki. Don shirya jiko, zuba tafasasshen ruwa mai tafarnuwa na kirfa, nace na rabin sa'a, sannan ƙara cokali 2 na zuma ku gauraya sosai. Ya kamata a raba maganin zuwa kashi biyu - da safe da maraice. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kefir tare da kirfa don rage sukarin jini.

Don fahimtar yadda ake kula da ciwon sukari, zaku iya ganin hoto da bidiyo wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da ciwon sukari na 2.

Har izuwa yanzu, maganin zamani bai bayar da amsar tambaya ga yadda za a iya magance nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 don kawar dashi gaba ɗaya. Abin takaici, wannan bincike ne na rayuwa. Amma sanin menene nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, alamunta da kuma magance cutar, zaku iya yin rayuwa cikakke.

Kwararre a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai yi magana game da alamomin da magani na ciwon sukari na type 2.

Labaran kwararrun likitoci

Cutar da ke tattare da rikice-rikice na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki kuma ta hanyar karuwa a cikin glukos din jini, ana kiran shi da ciwon sukari wanda ba shi da insulin ba, ko kuma ciwon sukari na 2. Wannan ilimin haɓakar cuta yana haɓakawa ne don amsa rikicewa a cikin hulɗa da ƙwayoyin nama tare da insulin.

Bambanci tsakanin wannan cuta da ciwon sukari na yau da kullun shine cewa a cikin yanayinmu, maganin insulin ba shine babban hanyar magani ba.

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Sanadin Type 2 Ciwon sukari

Ba a tabbatar da takamaiman abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari na 2 ba. Masana kimiyya na duniya da ke gudanar da bincike kan wannan batun suna bayyana bayyanar cutar ta ƙetarewar ji da damuwa da adadin masu karɓar sel don insulin: masu karɓar suna ci gaba da amsawa ga insulin, amma raguwa a adadinsu yana rage ƙimar wannan matakin. Rashin lalacewa na samar da insulin baya faruwa, amma iyawar sel din yayi hulda da kwayar dake cikin farji kuma ya tabbatar da cewa cike gurbin glucose ya lalace.

An gano abubuwa da yawa don ci gaban ciwon sukari na 2:

Hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari irin 2 ya fi girma yayin samartaka a cikin samari sakamakon canje-canje a matakan hormone,
a cewar kididdigar, mata sun fi haɓaka kamuwa da cututtukan da ba su da insulin-insulin fiye da maza,
mafi yawan lokuta ana samun cutar a cikin wakilan Americanan asalin Afirka na Afirka,
mutane masu kiba sun fi kamuwa da ciwon suga.

Wasu lokuta ana iya lura da cutar a cikin dangi na kusa, duk da haka, bayyananniyar tabbacin game da gado na wannan ilimin cutar ba a halin yanzu ba.

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Tare da wasu abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, babban rawar da ke cikin ilimin ilimin ilmin halittar cutar an yi shi ta hanyar halaye marasa kyau: rashin motsa jiki, yawan motsa jiki, shan sigari, da dai sauransu ana kuma ɗauka ɗayan abubuwan da ke iya haifar da cutar. Barasa na iya tayar da jijiyoyin jiki, hana haɓakar insulin da ƙara haɓaka da shi, yana lalata hanyoyin rayuwa, kuma yana haifar da lalata hanta da aikin koda.

An gwada shi a gwaji cewa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin halin shan giya, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta rage girmanta, kuma ƙwayoyin beta da ke samar da insulin na hormone suna ƙwanƙwasawa.

Ikon ethanol don saukar da glucose na jini babban haɗari ne ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da ciwon sukari na 2. A cewar kididdigar, 20% na lokuta na hypoglycemic coma suna faruwa ne sakamakon shan giya.

Abin sha'awa shine, faruwar cutar na iya dogaro da maganin shan barasa. Don haka, lokacin shan karamin giya (6-48 g kowace rana), haɗarin kamuwa da cuta yana raguwa, kuma lokacin shan fiye da g 69 na giya a kowace rana, akasin haka, yana ƙaruwa.

Don taƙaitawa, masana sun ƙaddara ƙididdigar yawan barasa:

vodka 40 ° - 50 g / rana,
bushe da Semi-bushe giya - 150 ml / rana,
giya - 300 ml / rana.

Ruwan zaki, kayan ƙwal, barasa, giya da sauran abubuwan sha da ke cikin sukari haramun ne.

Marasa lafiya da ke karɓar insulin ya kamata ya rage yawan sashi bayan shan barasa.

A cikin ɓarna na ƙa'ida, amfani da duk wani abin sha giya ne.

An ba da shawarar shan barasa a kan komai a ciki.

Giya yana da kyau ka zaɓi nau'ikan haske da ƙarancin barasa.

Bayan shan giya, bai kamata ku tafi gado ba tare da kun ci abun ciye-ciye ba. Daga raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin sukari, ƙwayar cutar hypoglycemic na iya faruwa har a lokacin bacci.

Ana iya haɗu da barasa da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a ma'ana, amma tunani game da ko wannan ya zama dole?

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Bayyanar cututtukan Cutar 2

Abubuwan da ke bayyane na farko da ke nuna ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari 2 sune:

kullum sha'awar sha,
urination ma akai-akai,
Abincin Wolfish
furta hawa da sauka a cikin nauyin jikin mutum a daya shugabanci,
jin bakin ciki da gajiya.

Alamun sakandare sun hada da:

rauni rigakafi, m kwayan cuta,
rarrabuwar gabbai a cikin gabar jiki, pruritus,
karancin gani
samuwar cututtukan mahaifa da gurbataccen yanayi, wadanda suke da wahalar warkewa.

Ciwon sukari na 2 na iya faruwa tare da zaɓuɓɓukan tsananin tsananin:

m digiri - yana yiwuwa a inganta yanayin haƙuri ta hanyar canza ka'idodin abinci mai gina jiki, ko ta amfani da mafi ƙarancin kwatancin guda ɗaya na wakili mai rage sukari a rana,
matsakaici mataki - haɓakawa yana faruwa lokacin amfani da capsules biyu ko uku na maganin rage sukari a rana,
nau'i mai tsanani - ban da magunguna masu rage ƙwayar sukari, dole ne ku nemi wurin gabatarwar insulin.

Ya danganta da karfin jikin mutum na rama matsalar cutar sikeli, akwai matakai uku:

Mataki na rama (wanda ake juyawa).
Mataki mai rauni (wanda ba zai iya juyawa ba).
Matsayi na lalata (raunin da ba zai iya magance shi ba na metabolism).

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Tashin hankali da sakamako

Tsarin jijiyoyin jiki ya fi haifar da rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari na 2. Baya ga ilimin cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, da dama wasu alamu na iya haɓakawa: asarar gashi, fata bushe, lalacewar yanayin kusoshi, anemia da thrombocytopenia.

Daga cikin mummunan rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, ya kamata a bayyana abubuwan da ke gaba:

m atherosclerosis, tsokani da keta takewar jini, da kuma wata gabar jiki da kwakwalwa kwakwalwa,
bugun jini
mai aiki mai ɗaukar hoto,
lahani a cikin retina
degenerative tafiyar matakai a cikin jijiya tsokoki da kyallen takarda,
erosive da ulcerative lalacewa ga ƙananan ƙarshen,
cututtuka masu yaduwa (ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal waɗanda suke da wuyar magani),
hypoglycemic ko hyperglycemic coma.

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Sakamakon

Sakamakon cewa matakan maganin warkewa a cikin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ana yin kullun don hana yanayin ƙaddamarwa da kuma riƙe yanayin biyan diyya, za mu san kanmu da waɗannan mahimman ra'ayoyin don tantance sakamakon.

Idan matakin jinin jini na mara lafiya ya fi kadan girma fiye da na al'ada, amma babu wani hali na rikice-rikice, to ana daukar wannan yanayin a matsayin diyya, wato, jiki na iya yin fama da rikice-rikicen metabolism.

Idan matakin sukari ya fi ƙarfin halayen da aka yarda da su, kuma ana lura da haɓakar ci gaban rikice-rikice, to wannan yanayin an ce ya lalace: jiki ba zai iya jimrewa ba tare da tallafin likita ba.

Akwai kuma na uku, matsakaici sigar na karatun: yanayin ƙaddamarwa. Don ƙarin madaidaiciyar rabuwa da waɗannan manufofin, muna amfani da tsarin masu zuwa.

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Sakamakon maganin ciwon sukari na 2

sukari a cikin komai a ciki - har zuwa 6.7 mmol / l,
sukari na tsawon awanni 2 bayan cin abinci - har zuwa 8.9 mmol / l,
cholesterol - har zuwa 5.2 mmol / l,
yawan sukari a cikin fitsari 0%,
nauyin jiki - a cikin iyakoki na al'ada (idan an lasafta shi bisa ga tsarin "girma gusa 100"),
Manuniya na hawan jini - ba ya fi 140/90 mm RT. Art.

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Subcompensation na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

sukari matakin a kan komai a ciki - har zuwa 7.8 mmol / l,
matakin sukari na tsawon awa 2 bayan cin abinci - har zuwa 10.0 mmol / l,
alamomin cholesterol - har zuwa 6.5 mmol / l,
yawan sukari a cikin fitsari ya kasa da kashi 0,5%,
nauyin jikin - ya karu da 10-20%,
Alamar saukar jini - ba fiye da 160/95 mm RT ba. Art.

Ciwon mara Ido 2

sukari matakin a kan komai a ciki - fiye da 7.8 mmol / l,
sukari matakin bayan ci abinci - fiye da 10.0 mmol / l,
alamomin cholesterol - fiye da 6.5 mmol / l,
adadin sukari a cikin fitsari ya fi 0.5%,
nauyin jiki - fiye da 20% na al'ada,
Alamar saukar jini - daga 160/95 da sama.

Don hana sauyi daga yanayin biya zuwa wata ƙasa mai lalacewa, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da hanyoyin sarrafawa da tsarin makirci daidai. Muna magana ne game da gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun, duka a gida da kuma cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Babban zaɓi shine a bincika matakin sukari sau da yawa a rana: da safe akan komai a ciki, bayan karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare, da kuma ɗan lokaci kafin lokacin bacci. Mafi karancin adadin masu yawanci ne da safe kafin karin kumallo kuma kai tsaye kafin zuwa gado.

Ana ba da shawarar kasancewar sukari da acetone a cikin gwajin fitsari aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowane mako 4. Tare da lalatacciyar jiha - mafi sau da yawa.

Zai yuwu a iya hana sakamakon kamuwa da cutar siga ta 2 idan likitan likitocin suka bi sosai.

Tare da ciwon sukari, zaku iya rayuwa cikakke idan kun bi ka'idodi na musamman game da abinci da salon rayuwa, da kuma shan magunguna wanda likitanku ya umarta, kawai bin tsarin kulawa.

Ka lura sosai da yanayinka, ka bincika matakin jinin suga a kai a kai da kuma karfin jini, da sanya ido a kan nauyin ka.

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Bayyanar Cutar Rana 2

Alamomin asibiti na cututtukan cututtukan cuta na iya haifar da ra'ayin cewa mutum ya kamu da ciwon sukari na 2. Koyaya, wannan bai isa ya tabbatar da cutar ba; dole kuma dole ne a aiwatar da hanyoyin bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Babban aikin wannan nau'in cutar shine gano keta ayyukan β-cell: wannan shine karuwa a cikin matakan sukari kafin da bayan abinci, kasancewar acetone a cikin fitsari, da dai sauransu Wasu lokuta gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya zama tabbatacce ko da kasancewar babu alamun asibiti: a cikin irin waɗannan halayen, suna yin magana game da wuri gano ciwon sukari.

Za'a iya tantance matakan sukari na jini ta amfani da masu yin gwaji, matakan gwaji, ko kuma mitunan glucose na jini. Af, bisa ga ka'idojin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, idan alamomin sukari na jini, sau biyu, a cikin kwanaki daban-daban, sun fi 7.8 mmol / lita, za a iya la'akari da binciken cutar sankara. Ga masana Amurkawa, halayen sun ɗan bambanta: a nan ne suke tabbatar da kamuwa da cuta tare da alamomi sama da mm 7 / lita.

Ana amfani da tsarin gwajin haƙuri na glucose na 2-hour lokacin da aka sami shakku game da daidaito na ganewar asali. Yaya ake aiwatar da wannan hanyar:

na kwana uku kafin binciken, mai haƙuri yana karɓar kimanin g 200 na abinci na carbohydrate kowace rana, kuma zaku iya shan ruwa (ba tare da sukari) ba tare da ƙuntatawa,
Ana yin gwaji a kan komai a ciki, kuma aƙalla sa'o'i goma sun shude tunda abincin na ƙarshe,
ana iya samun jini daga jijiya ko daga yatsa,
Ana tambayar mai haƙuri ya dauki maganin glucose (75 g da gilashin ruwa),
Ana yin gwajin jini sau 5: na farko - kafin amfani da glucose, kazalika da rabin sa'a, awa daya, awa daya da rabi da awa 2 bayan amfani da maganin.

Wasu lokuta ana rage irin wannan binciken ta hanyar gudanar da samin jini a cikin komai a ciki kuma sa'o'i 2 bayan yin amfani da glucose, wato sau biyu.

Gwajin fitsari don sukari ba a yawanci amfani dashi don gano ciwon sukari ba, tunda yawan sukari a cikin fitsari ba koyaushe yake daidai da yawan adadin glucose a cikin ƙwayar jini ba. Bugu da kari, sukari a cikin fitsari na iya bayyana saboda wasu dalilai.

Wataƙila za a iya yin wasa ta hanyar gwajin fitsari don kasancewar jikin ketone.

Me ya kamata mara lafiya ya yi ba tare da lalacewa ba, ban da sarrafa sukari na jini? Bibiya hawan jini kuma lokaci-lokaci ka dauki gwajin cholesterol.Dukkanin alamomi a duka na iya nuna kasancewar ko rashin cutar, kazalika da ingancin diyya don yanayin cutar.

Ana iya aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje don kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2 tare da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje waɗanda ke ba da dama don gano ci gaban rikitarwa. A saboda wannan dalili, an bada shawarar mai haƙuri don cire ECG, excretory urography, examus fundus.

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Jiyya don Ciwon Cutar 2

A cikin farkon farkon ci gaban cutar, wani lokaci ya isa ya bi ka'idodin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma shiga cikin motsa jiki na musamman ba tare da amfani da magunguna ba. Yana da mahimmanci don dawo da nauyin jiki zuwa al'ada, wannan zai taimaka wajen dawo da metabolism da kuma daidaita matakan sukari.

Jiyya na matakai na gaba na Pathology yana buƙatar nadin kwayoyi.

Marasa lafiya da ke dauke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mafi yawanci ana ba su magungunan maganin rigakafi don amfani da ciki. Amincewa da irin wadannan magunguna ana yinsu a kalla sau 1 a rana. Ya danganta da tsananin yanayin, likitan zai iya amfani da magani ba magani daya ba, amma hadewar magunguna.

Mafi yawan magungunan maganin antidiabetic:

tolbutamide (pramidex) - yana iya yin aiki akan hujin, yana kunna ɓarin insulin. Mafi dacewa ga tsofaffi marasa lafiya tare da rama da ƙananan nauyin ciwon sukari na nau'in 2. Sakamakon sakamako masu illa sun hada da rashin lafiyan jijiyoyi da rashin jigilar jundice,
glipizide - wanda aka yi amfani dashi da taka tsantsan don kula da tsofaffi, raunana da kuma raunana marassa lafiya da rashin isasshen adrenal da aikin pituitary,
mannil - yana haɓaka hankalin masu karɓa waɗanda suke tsinkaye insulin. Increara yawan samarda insulin kansa. Ya kamata a fara amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da kwamfutar hannu guda ɗaya, idan ya cancanta, a hankali yana ƙaruwa sashi,
metformin - baya tasiri matakin insulin a cikin jiki, amma yana da ikon canza magunguna ta hanyar rage ratawar insulin da ke ɗaure zuwa insulin kyauta. Sau da yawa ana wajabta wa marasa lafiya masu kiba da kiba. Ba a amfani dashi wajen kula da marasa lafiya da nakasasshen aikin na koda,
acarbose - yana hana narkewa da kuma narkewar carbohydrates a cikin ƙananan hanji kuma, a wannan batun, yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar haɗarin sukari jini bayan shigar abinci na carbohydrate. Bai kamata a rubuta wani magani don cuta ta hanji ba, da kuma lokacin daukar ciki,
shirye-shiryen magnesium - motsa jiki don samar da insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, yana daidaita matakin sukari a cikin jiki.

Hakanan ana yarda da haɗuwa da kwayoyi, misali:

yin amfani da metmorphine tare da glipizide,
amfani da metamorphine tare da insulin,
haɗuwa da metamorphine tare da thiazolidinedione ko nateglinide.

Abin takaici, a cikin yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na irin wannan, magunguna da ke sama suna rasa tasirirsu. A irin waɗannan yanayi, dole ne ku canza zuwa amfani da kuɗin insulin.

Ana iya ba da insulin cikin nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari na ɗan lokaci (na wasu yanayi mai raɗaɗi) ko kullun, lokacin da maganin da ya gabata tare da magungunan kwamfutar hannu ba shi da tasiri.

Tabbas, yakamata a fara amfani da maganin insulin kawai idan likita ya wajabta magani. Zai zabi maganin da yakamata kuma ya tsara yadda za'a kula da shi.

Ana iya tsara insulin don sauƙaƙe diyya na matakan sukari na jini kamar yadda zai yiwu don hana ci gaba da rikitarwa na cutar. A cikin waɗanne lokuta likita zai iya canja wurin maganin ƙwayar cuta zuwa maganin insulin:

tare da rashin saurin asarar nauyin jiki,
tare da haɓaka bayyanannun bayyanannun cutar,
tare da isasshen diyya don maganin cutar tare da maganin da ake amfani da shi na yau da kullun magunguna masu rage sukari.

An tsara shirin insulin ne ta hanyar likitan halartar. Wannan na iya zama mai sauri, tsaka-tsaki ko tsawan insulin, wanda ke gudana ta hanyar allurar subcutaneous daidai da tsarin kulawa da kwararrun likitocin suka gabatar.

Darasi

Manufar motsa jiki don kamuwa da cututtukan type 2 shine yin tasiri ga ingantawar sukari jini, kunna aikin insulin, inganta ayyukan jijiyoyin jini da kuma tsarin numfashi, da kuma motsa hankali. Bugu da kari, motsa jiki kyakkyawar rigakafin cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun gini.

Ana iya ba da aikin motsa jiki don kowane nau'in ciwon sukari. Tare da haɓaka cututtukan zuciya da bugun zuciya ko ciwon zuciya tare da ciwon sukari, motsa jiki na motsa jiki suna canzawa, an ba waɗannan cututtukan.

Contraindications zuwa aikin jiki na iya haɗawa:

hauhawar jini (fiye da mm 16.5 / lita),
fitsari acetone
jihar precomatous.

Ayyukan motsa jiki a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke kan gado na hutu, amma ba a matakin ƙaddamarwa ba, ana aiwatar da su a cikin ɗayan supine. Sauran marasa lafiya suna yin azuzuwan yayin tsayawa ko zaune.

Classes farawa tare da daidaitattun motsa jiki don tsokoki na sama da na baya da kuma gangar jikin ba tare da nauyi ba. Don haka haɗa nau'ikan azuzuwan ta amfani da juriya da nauyi, ta amfani da mai faɗaɗa, dumbbells (har zuwa kilogiram 2) ko ƙwallon motsa jiki.

Ana lura da sakamako mai kyau daga motsa jiki na numfashi. Hakanan ana maraba da tafiya, tafiya, keke, motsa ruwa, wasan kankara, da kuma kan tsalle.

Yana da mahimmanci sosai cewa mara lafiyar, wanda ke tsunduma cikin ilimin ilimin motsa jiki a kashin kansa, ya kula da yanayin nasa. Tare da haɓaka ji na yunwa, rauni na kwatsam, rawar jiki a cikin gabar, yakamata ku ƙare aikin kuma ku tabbata kuna ci. Bayan al'ada, ana kashe gobe don sake fara azuzuwan, koyaya, rage nauyi.

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Duk da shan magungunan sukari na jini, hanyar abinci don masu ciwon sukari yana da mahimmanci. Wasu lokuta siffofin masu laushi na cutar za a iya sarrafa su ta hanyar abinci kawai, ba tare da ma nemi amfani da magunguna ba. Daga cikin sanannun teburin magani, kayan abinci don maganin ciwon sukari na 2 an bayyana shi a matsayin abinci mai lamba 9. Magunguna na wannan abincin ana nufin su dawo da lalacewar matakai na rayuwa.

Abinci don masu ciwon sukari na 2 ya kamata a daidaita su kuma yin la'akari da yawan adadin kuzari abinci. Mafi kyawun adadin kuzari na yau da kullum ya dogara da nauyin jiki:

nauyi na yau da kullun - daga 1600 zuwa 2500 kcal,
karin nauyi - daga 1300 zuwa 1500 kcal,
kiba daga digiri na II-III - daga 1000 zuwa 1200 kcal,
Kiba mara nauyi na IV - daga 600 zuwa 900 kcal.

Amma koyaushe ba koyaushe zai iyakance kanka a cikin adadin kuzari. Misali, tare da cututtukan koda, mummunan arrhythmias, raunin hankali, gout, cututtukan hanta mai tsanani, abinci ya zama mai gina jiki.

An bada shawara don barin carbohydrates mai sauri, iyakance yawan abinci mai da gishiri.

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Yin rigakafin

Yin rigakafin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2 ya samo asali ne daga ka'idodin abinci mai lafiya. Cin abinci na “daidai” abinci ne a matsayin maganin prophylaxis ba kawai ga masu ciwon sukari ba, har ma ga sauran nau'ikan cututtukan. Bayan haka, abinci mai gina jiki na mutane da yawa a yanzu yana da wuyar tunanin ba tare da amfani da abinci mai sauri ba, abinci mai dacewa, abinci tare da adanawa da yawa, canza launi da sauran sinadarai da sukari mai sauri. Yakamata matakan rigakafin su kawai don ragewa, kuma zai fi dacewa cire abinci daga abincinmu iri iri na takarce.

Baya ga abinci mai gina jiki, ya kamata a biya hankali ga matakin motsa jiki. Idan motsa jiki ko wasan motsa jiki ba a gare ku ba, yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar wasu kaya don kanku: tafiya da hawan keke, iyo, wasan tennis, tseren safiya, rawa, da dai sauransu Yana da amfani mutum ya tafi aiki a ƙafa, ba tafiya. Yana da amfani mutum hawa dutsen da kanka, ba tare da amfani da mai hawa ba. A wata kalma, ka ci nasara da lalacin ka ka motsa, ka kasance mai himma da gaisuwa.

Af, yanayin rayuwa mai aiki da kwanciyar hankali mai nutsuwa kuma hanyoyi ne masu kyau don rigakafin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2. An daɗe da sanin cewa matsanancin damuwa, damuwa, da jihohi masu raɗaɗi na iya haifar da rikice-rikice na rayuwa, kiba, kuma, a ƙarshe, haɓakar ciwon sukari. Motsin zuciyarmu da yanayinmu suna da alaƙa koyaushe. Kula da tsarin juyayi, ƙarfafa juriya na damuwa a cikin kanka, kar kuyi da karamin lokaci don sa ku yi fushi: duk wannan zai taimaka muku zama lafiya da farin ciki.

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Abin takaici, ciwon sukari nau'in 2 har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa cutar cuta ce da ba ta warkarwa. A bisa kididdigar, kowane wata wannan cutar ta mamaye sama da mutane dubu 500 a duniya. Kowane wata, kusan marasa lafiya dubu 100 suna yankan giciye domin su tsawanta rayuwarsu su daina rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki. Za mu yi shuru game da yadda mutane da yawa ke rasa rayukansu ko wasu rikice-rikice saboda ciwon sukari. Abin takaici, cuta kamar cutar sankara tana haifar da asarar rayuka kamar HIV ko hepatitis.

Abin da ya sa yana da matukar muhimmanci a bi hanyoyin asali na rigakafi, sa idanu kan sukari na yau da kullun, kada ku wuce kima kuma kada ku cika kumburi, kada ku kwashe ku da Sweets, ku kula da nauyinku kuma ku jagoranci salon rayuwa mai aiki. Dole ne a kiyaye matakan kariya daga duka: duka mutane masu lafiya da waɗanda suka riga sun sami wannan cutar. Wannan zai hana haɓakar rikice-rikice tare da hana ciwon sukari motsawa zuwa na gaba, mafi wahala matakin.

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Rashin ƙarfi

Theungiyar likitocin kiwon lafiya da zamantakewar al'umma sun yanke shawarar ko a sanya nakasa don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, wanda likitan halartar likitan likitancin ya ambata ne. Wato, zaku iya tsammanin likita zai yanke hukuncin cewa kuna buƙatar neman neman nakasa, amma zaku iya dage kan kanku, kuma likitan ba shi da haƙki ya ƙi ku.

Kawai gaskiyar cewa ba ku da lafiya tare da ciwon sukari ba ya ba ku damar samun nakasa ba. An bayar da wannan matsayin ne kawai idan akwai wani batun keta wasu ayyukan jiki, waɗanda ke iyakance ƙarshen aikin mai haƙuri. Yi la'akari da ƙa'idodi don sanya nakasassu:

An samar da rukuni na III don m zuwa matsakaici na cutar tare da kasancewar rikicewar matsakaici wanda ke haifar da cikakken motsi ko ikon yin aiki. Idan ciwon sukari yana kan aiwatar da diyya kuma ba ku ɗauki insulin ba, to ba a yarda da tawaya ba,
An bayar da rukuni na II ga marasa lafiya da ke da matsala ta rashin ƙarfi (retinopathy na digiri na II-III, ƙarancin renal, neuropathy na digiri na II, encephalopathy, da sauransu),
Za'a iya samar da rukunin I zuwa ga marasa lafiya masu rauni tare da cikakkiyar makanta, gurgu, mummunan raunin kwakwalwa, ƙarancin zuciya, da kuma kasusuwa na ƙafa. Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya a rayuwar yau da kullun ba za su iya yin hakan ba tare da taimakon waje ba.

Ana ba da ƙungiyar tawaya bayan nazarin haƙuri daga likitocin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun (da ake kira kwamiti), waɗanda suka yanke shawara ko za su sanya ƙungiyar don tsawon lokacin, sannan kuma tattauna zaɓuɓɓuka don matakan lamuran da suka dace.

Tabbataccen kara akan rashin lafiya ga kwamitin kwararru yakamata ya hada da:

sakamakon wani babban binciken fitsari da jini,
sakamakon bincike na sukari na jini kafin da kuma bayan abinci,
gwajin fitsari don acetone da sukari,
na koda da hepatic ilmin dabbobi
ECG
Thearshen ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, therapist, likita mai fiɗa.

Daga bayanan baki ɗaya kuna iya buƙatar:

bayanin da aka rubuta a madadin mara lafiya,
fasfo
shugabanci da likita ya umarta,
katin likita wanda yake dauke da tarihin cutar gaba daya,
takardar shaidar ilimi,
hoto na littafin aiki
bayanin yanayin yanayin aiki.

Idan ana neman sabuntawa na nakasa, ana buƙatar takardar shaidar da ke nuna cewa kai nakasasshe ne, da kuma shirin sakewa da aka sanya maka tun farko.

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Ko da kuwa an ba ka tawaya ko a'a, za ka iya neman magungunan insulin kyauta da sauran fa'idodi don ciwon sukari na 2.

Me kuma kuke da 'yancin a:

suna karbar sirinji da magunguna masu rage kuzari,
fin so na gwaji na glucose da na'urori don auna sukari na jini,
sa hannu cikin gyara na zaman jama'a (sauƙaƙe yanayin aiki, horo a wata sana'a, maimatawa),
wurin dima jiki magani.

Idan nakasance ne, zaku sami taimakon kuɗi (fensho).

Sun ce cutar sankarau ba cuta ba ce, amma hanya ce ta rayuwa. Sabili da haka, dole ne marasa lafiya su daidaita da cutar sankara, kula da abinci mai kyau, saka idanu kan nauyin jikinsu, lura da yanayin su a kai a kai tare da yin gwaje-gwaje. Da kyau, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 cuta ce mai rikitarwa da gaske, kuma kawai kulawarka game da kanka zai iya taimaka maka rayuwa mai cike da aiki muddin ya yiwu.

Abin da ke faruwa tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Cutar mutum mai ƙoshin lafiya tana haifar da insulin na hormone. Yana juya glucose da aka samo daga abinci zuwa makamashi, wanda yake ciyar da sel da kyallen takarda. Koyaya, a nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, sel ba sa amfani da insulin yadda ya kamata. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa juriya da insulin.

Fitsari da farko yana samar da karin insulin don isar da glucose ga sel. Amma ƙaruwar ƙwayar hormone da ke ɓoye ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, sukari ya tattara cikin jini kuma hyperglycemia yana tasowa - babban alamar asibiti na ciwon sukari na mellitus, wanda a cikin abubuwan glucose a cikin jini ya wuce matsayin 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l.

Rikice-rikice na dogon lokaci na cututtukan hyperglycemia - cututtukan zuciya, bugun jini, retinopathy na ciwon sukari, makanta, gazawar koda, ƙarancin motsa jiki da ji na jijiyoyin hannu.

1. Asalin kwayoyin

Masana kimiyya sun bayyana kwayoyin halittar sama da 100 waɗanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar haɓakar insulin, kiba, ƙwayar lipi da metabolism. Nazarin kan tagwaye da manyan iyalai sun nuna cewa idan ɗayan iyayen suna da ciwon sukari na 2, to haɗarin kamuwa da cutar yara shine kashi 35-39%, idan iyayen biyu suna rashin lafiya, haɗarin ya hau zuwa 60-70%. A cikin tagwaye na monozygotic, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari guda biyu a lokaci guda yana tasowa a cikin 58-65% na lokuta, kuma a cikin heterozygous a cikin 16-30%.

2. Yawan kiba

Yin kiba yana iya haifar da juriya na insulin. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga ƙwar ciki, lokacin da aka ajiye mai a farfajiya. Mafi yawan (60-80%) na marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 2 suna da nauyi (BMI fiye da 25 kg / m2).

Hanyar bunkasa ciwon sukari a cikin masu kiba sosai ana fahimtar su. Wuce takaddar tso adi nama yana kara yawan kitse na kitse (FFA) a jiki. FFA shine ɗayan manyan hanyoyin samar da makamashi a cikin jiki, amma tarawa a cikin jini yana haifar da ci gaban hyperinsulinemia da juriya na insulin. FFAs kuma mai guba ne akan sel na ƙwayar cutar hanji da rage aikinta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a farkon gano cututtukan cututtukan sukari na 2, ana amfani da nazarin plasma na FFA: wuce haddi daga cikin waɗannan acid yana nuna haƙuri na glucose tun kafin haɓakar haɓakar hyperglycemia.

3. glucose mai yawa a cikin hanta

Wasu kasusuwa na jiki suna buƙatar wadataccen glucose mai ɗorewa. Amma idan mutum bai ci abinci na dogon lokaci (awanni 6 zuwa 10), ajiyar sukari na jini ya kare. Sannan hanta tana haɗe cikin aiki, tana haɗa glucose daga abubuwa na yanayin rashin wadatar da sinadarai. Bayan mutum ya ci abinci, sukari na jini ya hauhawa, aikin hanta yana sauka a hankali, kuma yana adana glucose don amfani da shi a gaba.Amma hanta wasu mutane ba, ci gaba da samar da sukari. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin sukan haɗu da cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, da dai sauransu.

4. Maganin Ciwon Mahaifa

Synaya daga cikin ma'anar kalmar "metabolic syndrome" shine insulin resistance syndrome. An kwatanta shi da karuwa a cikin yawan fat mai visceral, carbohydrate mai rauni, sinadarin lipid da purine metabolism, haɓakar hauhawar jijiya. Wannan Pathology yana haɓaka da tushen hauhawar jini, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, cututtukan ƙwayar jiji na polycystic, raunin metabolic na uric acid da rikicewar hormonal, menopause.

6. Shan magunguna

Akwai kwayoyi da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar ciwon sukari na 2: glucocorticoids (hormones na adrenal cortex), thiazides (diuretics), beta-blockers (wanda aka yi amfani da su don magance arrhythmias, hauhawar jini, rigakafin infarction na myocardial), atypical antipsychotics (antipsychotics), statins (magungunan anticholesterol).

Bayyanar cututtukan Cutar 2

Nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari mellitus yana haɓaka a hankali, saboda alamominsa na farko suna da sauƙi a rasa. Sun hada da:

Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, alamomin sun zama mafi muni kuma mai yuwuwar haɗari. Idan sukarin jininku ya yi yawa na dogon lokaci, za su iya haɗawa da:

ci gaba da yisti kamuwa da cuta,
jinkirin warkaswa da yankewa,
ciwon kafa
jin bugun tsohuwa a cikin gabar jiki.

Ciwon sukari yana da tasirin gaske a zuciya. A cikin mata masu fama da ciwon sukari na 2, hadarin bugun zuciya ya ninka sau 2, kuma hadarin rashin karfin zuciya ya ninka sau 4. Ciwon sukari na iya haifar da rikice-rikice yayin daukar ciki: cututtukan kumburi na hanjin urinary, ƙarshen guba, polyhydramnios, ashara.

Abun Ciki na Cutar 2

Shan taba, kiba, hawan jini, yawan shan giya, da kuma rashin motsa jiki na yau da kullun na iya tsananta nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Idan mara lafiyar bai sarrafa matakin sukari da kyau kuma ya ki canza salon rayuwarsa, yana iya haɓaka rikice-rikice masu zuwa:

Hypoglycemia - matsanancin raguwa a cikin sukari na jini. Zai iya faruwa akan asalin rashin magani, yunwar abinci, yawan aiki.
Cutar sankarar mahaifa cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cutar sankara wacce ke buƙatar kulawar likita cikin gaggawa. Yana haɓakawa daga tushen fitsari da yawan matakan sodium da glucose a cikin jini.
Retinopathy wani rauni ne na retina wanda zai iya haifar da fitarwa.
Polyneuropathy - asarar ƙwayar jijiyoyin hannu. Yana tasowa saboda yawan raunuka na gefe da jijiyoyin jini.
Rashin daidaituwa a cikin maza masu fama da ciwon sukari suna haɓaka shekaru 10-15 a baya fiye da takwarorinsu na lafiya. A cewar kimomi daban-daban, hadarinsa ya kasance daga 20 zuwa 85% na lokuta.
Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a cikin marasa lafiya masu cutar mellitus na ciwon sukari suna faruwa ne daga asalin tushen rage ƙwayar cuta. Nazarin sun nuna cewa hyperglycemia yana rage aikin ƙwayoyin sel, yana sa jiki ya zama mai rauni da kariya.
Cutar kwayar cuta cuta ce da ke haifar da cutar ƙwaya da ke haifar da marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari a yayin rikice-rikicen metabolism da amincin jijiyoyin jini.
Lalacewar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta cuta ce mai haɗari wanda ke tasowa daga raunuka na jijiyoyin jiki, ƙoshin jijiya da cututtukan ƙafafun sukari. Koda ƙananan raunin da ƙyallen da sauƙi na kamuwa da cuta, kar ku warke na dogon lokaci, juya cikin rauni mai zurfi da rauni.

Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Gwajin plasma na azumi da gwajin haƙuri a jiki zai taimaka wajan gano cutar sukari irin ta 2.

Yin nazari kan matakan glucose na plasma zai taimaka wajen tantance cututtukan hyper- da hypoglycemia. Yi shi a kan komai a ciki, bayan awa 8 na azumi. Matsayi na sukari na yau da kullun yana daga 3.9 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L, matakan haɓaka (ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta) sun kasance daga 5.6 zuwa 6.9 mmol / L, kuma ciwon sukari shine 7 mmol / L ko fiye lokacin da aka maimaita nazarin.
Gwajin haƙuri a cikin jini yana auna adadin glucose a cikin jini sa'o'i 2 bayan shan ruwan zaki (75 na sukari na sukari a cikin 300 ml na ruwa). Ana nuna ciwon sukari ta matakin sukari na 11.1 mmol / L ko fiye.

Mahimmanci: Ba zaku iya yin maganin cutar sankara ba ta hanyar bincike guda ɗaya da kuma rashin alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Wasu lokuta hyperglycemia na iya haɓaka a cikin kamuwa da cuta, rauni ko damuwa. Don tabbatar da bayyanar cutar, ana yin gwaje-gwaje da yawa koyaushe a lokuta daban-daban na rana, a kan komai a ciki da kuma bayan cin abinci.

Type 2 ciwon sukari

Marasa lafiya da ke fama da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na zazzabi na iya zama da kyau kuma suna aiki har sai sun tsufa. Babban yanayin ba shine keta ka'idodin 4 game da lura da ciwon sukari:

Ku ci daidai
Kula da aikin jiki,
Drugsauki magungunan rigakafi
Saka idanu sukari jini.

Cin Abincin Lafiya Tareda Ciwon 2

Akasin yarda da mashahurin imani, babu wani abinci na musamman don masu ciwon sukari. Amma yana da mahimmanci ga marasa lafiya su ƙara ƙwayar fiber da ƙarancin abinci a cikin abincinsu. An ba da shawarar a hankali kan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari da hatsi baki ɗaya, ku ci ƙarancin nama, ki ƙi karimatattun carbohydrates da Sweets. Indexarancin abinci glycemic index zasu taimaka matuka: zasu kare mara lafiya daga mayuka a cikin glucose.

Likitanka zai taimake ka ka samar da tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, zai koya maka yadda zaka iya shaye-shaye abincinka da kuma inganta lafiyar suga.

Magunguna da insulin farji

Wasu mutane masu ciwon sukari na 2 suna iya daidaita matakan sukari na jini ta hanyar abincin da motsa jiki, yayin da wasu ke buƙatar magani ko insulin far. Likita koyaushe yana cikin zaɓar magunguna: yana iya haɗu da magunguna na aji daban-daban domin ku iya sarrafa matakin sukari ta hanyoyi daban-daban.