Lissafin kashi na insulin: zabi da lissafin lissafi

Hormone na Pancreatic, wanda ke da alhakin sarrafa metabolism na carbohydrates a cikin jiki, ana kiran shi insulin. Idan insulin bai isa ba, to wannan yana haifar da hanyoyin rashi, sakamakon wanda yawan sukarin jini ya yawaita.

A cikin duniyar yau, ana magance wannan matsala kawai. Yawan adadin insulin a cikin jini za'a iya tsara shi ta hanyar injections na musamman. Ana ɗauka wannan shine babban magani ga mellitus na ciwon sukari na nau'in farko kuma da wuya nau'in na biyu.

Matsayin hormone shine koyaushe ƙaddara daban-daban, dangane da tsananin cutar, yanayin mai haƙuri, abincinsa, da kuma hoto na asibiti gaba ɗaya. Amma gabatarwar insulin iri ɗaya ne ga kowa, kuma ana aiwatar dashi daidai da wasu ƙa'idodi da shawarwari.

Wajibi ne a yi la’akari da ka’idar insulin therapy, don gano yadda ƙididdigar yawan adadin insulin ke faruwa. Menene banbanci tsakanin aikin insulin a cikin yara, da yadda ake tsinke insulin?

Fasali na lura da ciwon sukari

Dukkanin ayyuka a cikin lura da ciwon sukari suna da manufa ɗaya - wannan shine daidaitawar glucose a jikin mai haƙuri. Ana kiran ƙa'idar cikin taro, wanda ba shi da ƙasa da raka'a 3.5, amma bai wuce iyakar babba na raka'a 6 ba.

Akwai dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da rashin lafiyar koda. A cikin mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan tsari yana tattare da raguwa a cikin kwayar insulin na hormone, bi da bi, wannan yana haifar da cin zarafin hanyoyin rayuwa da narkewa.

Jiki ba zai iya samun makamashi daga abincin da aka ƙone ba, yana tara glucose mai yawa, wanda ƙwayoyin ba sa ɗaukar su, amma kawai ya kasance cikin jinin mutum. Lokacin da aka lura da wannan sabon abu, kumburin ya sami siginar cewa dole ne a samar da insulin.

Amma tunda aikinsa yana da rauni, ƙwayar cuta ta ciki ba zata iya yin aiki a baya, yanayin cikekken tsari, samar da kwayar halittar yana da jinkiri, yayin da ake samarwa da ƙananan abubuwa. Yanayin mutum yana ta yin muni, kuma a kan lokaci, abubuwan da ke cikin insulin nasu ya kusanci sifili.

A wannan yanayin, gyaran abinci mai gina jiki da tsayayyen abinci ba zai isa ba, zaku buƙaci gabatarwar hormone roba. A cikin ilimin likitanci na zamani, ana rarrabe nau'ikan pathology biyu:

• Nau'in na farko na ciwon sukari (ana kiran shi da insulin-dogara), lokacin da gabatarwar hormone yana da mahimmanci.
• Nau'in na biyu na ciwon suga (wanda ba shi da insulin-ba). Tare da wannan nau'in cutar, sau da yawa fiye da ba, abinci mai dacewa ya isa, kuma ana samar da insulin. Koyaya, a cikin gaggawa, ana iya buƙatar kulawa da hormone don guje wa hypoglycemia.

Tare da nau'in cuta ta 1, samar da hormone a cikin jikin mutum an rufe shi gaba daya, sakamakon abin da aikin duk gabobin ciki da tsarin ke rushewa. Don gyara halin, kawai samar da sel tare da analog na hormone zai taimaka.

Jiyya a wannan yanayin yana da rai. Yakamata a yi haƙuri da masu ciwon sukari a kowace rana. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kulawar insulin sune cewa dole ne a gudanar dashi a kan kari don ware wani mummunan yanayi, kuma idan kwayar ta faru, to kuna buƙatar sanin menene kulawa ta gaggawa ga mai cutar siga.

Magungunan insulin ne don maganin ciwon sukari wanda ke ba ka damar sarrafa matakin glucose a cikin jini, kula da ayyukan ƙwayar cutar a matakin da ake buƙata, yana hana mummunan aiki da sauran gabobin ciki.

Lationididdigar ƙwayar ƙwayar ciki don manya da yara

Zaɓin insulin shine ainihin aikin mutum. Yawan adadin sassan da aka ba da shawarar a cikin sa'o'i 24 suna shafar yawancin alamu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da maganganun haɗin kai, ƙungiyar haƙuri, ƙwarewar cutar da sauran abubuwan rashin lafiya.

An tabbatar da cewa a cikin yanayin gabaɗaya, buƙatuwar rana don masu haƙuri da ciwon sukari bai wuce ɗayan rukuni na kwayar kilogram na nauyin jikinsa ba. Idan wannan matakin ya wuce, to damar samun rikice-rikice yana ƙaruwa.

An lissafta sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi kamar haka: ya wajaba don ninka adadin yau da kullun na miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar nauyin mai haƙuri. Daga wannan lissafin a bayyane yake cewa gabatarwar hormone yana dogara ne akan nauyin jikin mai haƙuri. Mai nuna alama na farko koyaushe an saita shi ne gwargwadon yawan shekarun masu haƙuri, tsananin cutar da “ƙwarewar” sa.

Kullun maganin insulin na roba zai iya bambanta:

1. A matakin farko na cutar, ba fiye da raka'a 0.5 / kg ba.
2. Idan ciwon sukari a cikin shekara guda yana da kyau a warkar da shi, to ana bada shawarar raka'a 0 / kg.
3. Tare da mummunan nau'in cutar, rashin daidaituwa na glucose a cikin jini - 0.7 PIECES / kg.
4. Tsarin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta shine 0.8 U / kg.
5. Idan an lura da rikice-rikice - 0.9 LATSA / kg.
6. A lokacin daukar ciki, musamman, a cikin uku-uku - 1 rago / kg.

Bayan an karɓi bayanan sashi na kowace rana, ana yin lissafi. Don hanya ɗaya, mara lafiya zai iya shiga ba raka'a 40 na hormone ba, kuma yayin ranar sashi ya bambanta daga raka'a 70 zuwa 80.

Yawancin marasa lafiya har yanzu basu fahimci yadda ake lissafin kashi ba, amma wannan yana da mahimmanci. Misali, mara lafiya yana da nauyin jiki kilo 90, kuma maganinsa a rana shine 0.6 U / kg. Don yin lissafi, kuna buƙatar raka'a 90 * 0.6 = 54. Wannan shine jimlar sati daya.

Idan an ba da shawarar mai haƙuri ya dauki dogon lokaci, to lallai ne a raba sakamakon zuwa kashi biyu (54: 2 = 27). Ya kamata a rarraba sashi tsakanin gwamnatin safiya da maraice, a cikin rabo biyu zuwa ɗaya. A cikin yanayinmu, waɗannan raka'a 36 da 18 ne.

A kan "gajere" hormone ya rage raka'a 27 (daga cikin 54 kowace rana). Dole ne ya kasamu kashi uku a jere kafin abinci, ya danganta da yawan yawan karimin da yake hakowa. Ko, raba da “servings”: 40% da safe, kuma 30% a cikin abincin rana da maraice.

A cikin yara, buƙatun jiki ga insulin ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da manya. Fasali na sashi don yara:

• A matsayinka na mai mulkin, idan bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, to, an tsara matsakaicin nauyin 0 a kowace kilogram na nauyi.
• Shekaru biyar daga baya, sashi yana ƙaruwa zuwa kashi ɗaya.
• A lokacin balaga, karuwa ta sake faruwa zuwa 1.5 ko ma raka'a 2.
• Sannan bukatar bukatun jiki ta ragu, kuma raka'a ɗaya ya isa.

Gabaɗaya dai, hanyar sarrafa insulin ga ƙananan marasa lafiya ba ta da bambanci. Lokacin kawai, ƙaramin yaro ba zai yi allura da kansa ba, don haka ya kamata iyaye su sarrafa shi.

Sirinjin Hormone

Duk magungunan insulin yakamata a adana su a cikin firiji, zazzaranin da aka ba da shawara don ajiya shine digiri 2-8 sama da 0. Sau da yawa ana samun maganin a cikin nau'in alkalami na musamman wanda ya dace don ɗauka tare da ku idan kuna buƙatar yin allura da yawa a cikin rana.

Ana iya adanar su ba fiye da kwanaki 30 ba, kuma kaddarorin magungunan sun ɓace a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafi. Nazarin masu haƙuri sun nuna cewa ya fi sayen siran alkalami waɗanda aka sanye su da allurar da aka riga aka gina. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna da aminci kuma mafi aminci.

Lokacin sayen, kuna buƙatar kula da farashin rabo na sirinji. Idan don balagaggu - wannan raka'a ɗaya ce, to, ga ɗan yaro raka'a 0.5. Ga yara, an fi son a zaɓi ɗan wasa gajere da na bakin ciki waɗanda ba su wuce milimita 8 ba.

Kafin ku dauki insulin a cikin sirinji, kuna buƙatar bincika shi a hankali don yarda da shawarar likita: shin magani ya dace, shine kunshin duka, menene haɗarin maganin.

Ya kamata a buga wa insulin allurar allura kamar haka:

1. Wanke hannu, bi da maganin ƙuraje, ko sa safa hannu.
2. Sannan an buɗe hula akan kwalbar.
3. Cutar kwalbar kwalba tana maganin auduga, a sanya shi a cikin giya.
4. Jira minti daya don shan barasa ya ƙafe.
5. Bude kunshin wanda ke dauke da sirinjin insulin.
6. Juya kwalban magani a juye, da tattara takaddun maganin da ake so (karin matsanancin rauni a cikin vial zai taimaka wajen tattara maganin).
7. Ja da allura daga vial na magani, saita daidai satin na hodar. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbata cewa babu iska a cikin sirinji.

Lokacin da ake buƙata don gudanar da insulin na sakamako na dogon lokaci, ampoule tare da maganin dole ne "an yi birgima a cikin tafin hannunka" har sai maganin ya zama inuwa.

Idan babu sirinjin insulin wanda za'a iya zubar dashi, to zaku iya amfani da samfurin da za'a sake amfani dashi. Amma a lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar samun allura biyu: ta hanyar guda ɗaya, ana amfani da maganin, tare da taimakon na biyu, ana aiwatar da gudanarwa.

A ina kuma ta yaya ake sarrafa insulin?

An saka hormone a cikin kashin mai a cikin mai mai, idan ba haka ba magani ba zai sami tasirin warkewar da ake so ba. Za'a iya aiwatar da gabatarwar a cikin kafada, ciki, cinya ta farko, a saman gluteal na ciki.

Nazarin likitocin ba su ba da shawarar gudanar da maganin a kafada da kansu ba, saboda akwai yuwuwar cewa mara lafiyar ba zai iya samar da “fatar fatar jiki” ba kuma zai gudanar da maganin ta hanyar maye.

Yankin cikin ciki shine mafi kyawun zaba, musamman idan ana gudanar da allurai na gajeren hormone. Ta hanyar wannan yankin, ana amfani da maganin sosai.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yankin allurar yana buƙatar canza kullun. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, ingancin ɗaukar ƙwayar zai canza, za a sami bambance-bambance a cikin glucose a cikin jini, duk da cewa an shigar da ƙimar daidai.

Ka’idojin gudanar da aikin insulin ba sa bada izinin allura a wuraren da aka yi gyara: sikari, kunama, bugu da sauransu.

Don shigar da miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar sirinji na yau da kullun ko kuma alkalami-pen. Algorithm don gudanar da insulin shine kamar haka (ɗauka a matsayin tushen cewa sirinji tare da insulin yana shirye):

• Kula da wurin allura tare da swabs biyu waɗanda ke cike da barasa. Swaya daga cikin swab yana kula da babban farfajiya, na biyu yana ɓatar da yankin allurar.
• Jira minti talatin har sai giyar zata bushe.
• Hannun hannu ya samar da babban ɓangaren kitse, kuma ɗayan hannun yana saka allura a wani kwana na 45 a cikin tushe.
• Ba tare da sakin jakar ba, tura piston har zuwa ƙasa, allurar maganin, cire sirinji.
• Sannan zaku iya barin fatar fatar.

Magunguna na zamani don daidaitawa da tattarawar glucose a cikin jini ana sayar da su sau da yawa a allon alkalami na musamman. Abubuwan da za'a iya amfani dasu ko za'a iya amfani dasu, sun sha bamban a gwargwado, suna zuwa tare da canzawa da ginannen allura.

Wani ma'aikacin hukuma mai samar da kudade yana ba da umarni game da kyakkyawan tafiyar da sinadarin:

1. Idan ya cancanta, haxa maganin ta girgiza.
2. Duba allura ta barin iska ta ɓarke ​​cikin sirinji.
3. Karkatar da maɗaura a ƙarshen sirinji don daidaita satin da ake buƙata.
4. Formirƙira takalmin fata, yi allura (kama da bayanin farko).
5. Ka fitar da allura, bayan ta gama rufewa da abin rufewa, sai a yi jifa da shi.
6. Rufe hannun a ƙarshen hanyar.

Yadda ake yin insulin, kuma me yasa ake buƙata?

Yawancin marasa lafiya suna da sha'awar dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar insulin dilution. A ce majiyyaci mai nau'in masu ciwon sukari ne guda 1, yana da sihiri. A ce mai amfani da insulin gajere yana rage sukari a cikin jininsa zuwa raka'a 2.

Tare da karancin abincin carb na mai ciwon suga, yawan sukarin jini ya haura zuwa raka'a 7, kuma yana son rage shi zuwa raka'a 5.5. Don yin wannan, yana buƙatar allurar guda ɗaya na gajeren hormone (kimanin adadi).

Zai dace a lura cewa "kuskuren" sirinji na insulin shine 1/2 na sikelin. Kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, sirinji yana da rarraba rarraba zuwa raka'a biyu, kuma don haka yana da matukar wahala a rubuta guda ɗaya, don haka dole ne a nemi wata hanya.

Yana da don rage yiwuwar gabatar da matakan da ba daidai ba, kuna buƙatar dilution na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Misali, idan kun tsarma magani sau 10, to ku shiga sashin guda ɗaya kuna buƙatar shigar da raka'a 10 na maganin, wanda yafi sauƙin yin wannan dabarar.

Misalin daidai ingantaccen magani ne:

• Don magance sau 10, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ɗayan ɓangarorin magani da sassan tara na “sauran ƙarfi”.
• Don dilution sau 20, ana ɗayan sashi na hormone da sassan 19 na “ƙarfi”.

Za'a iya narkar da '' insulin 'da gishirin ruwan sha ko distilled, sauran kayan maye an haramta su sosai. Wadannan taya za a iya narkar da su kai tsaye a cikin sirinji ko a cikin wani akwati daban kai tsaye kafin gudanarwa. A madadin, vial mara nauyi wanda a baya yana da insulin. Kuna iya adanar insulin mai narkewa ba don awanni sama da 72 ba a cikin firiji.

Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai mahimmanci wanda ke buƙatar kulawa da ƙayyadaddun glucose jini koyaushe, kuma dole ne a tsara shi ta hanyar injections na insulin. Hanyar shigarwar abu ne mai sauki kuma mai araha, babban abu shine a kirkiri kaso daidai kuma ka shiga cikin kitsen mai kitse. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai nuna maka dabarar sarrafa insulin.

Menene algorithm mai dacewa?

Algorithm zabin tsari ne wanda yake yin lissafin mahimmancin abu don rage matakin sukarin jini da adadin abubuwan da ake so. Saya daga cikin sashi na insulin yakamata ya cika bukatun jikin wasu haƙuri.

Dole ne a fahimci cewa ba a zaɓaɓin ƙwayar insulin ba da kai kuma ba daidaituwa ga duk masu haƙuri da wannan cutar.

Akwai tsari na musamman wanda zai yuwu don lissafin adadin insulin, la'akari da halaye na hanya da nau'in cutar da kanta. Maganin lissafin ba daidai yake bane ga nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin lokuta daban-daban.

Ana sayar da abun da ke cikin magani a cikin ampoules of 5 ml. Kowane milliliter (cub 1) daidai yake da raka'a 40 ko 100 na abu (UNIT).

Ana yin lissafin kashi na insulin a cikin marasa lafiya tare da nakasa aikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar amfani da dabaru na musamman ta amfani da dalilai daban-daban: an ƙididdige adadin ɓangarorin maganin kowane kilogram na nauyi.

Idan an gano kiba, ko ma excessan adadin kuzarin, to, dole ne a rage yawan daidaitawar ta 0.1. Idan akwai rashin nauyin jiki - karuwa da 0.1.

Zabi na sashi don allurar subcutaneous ya dogara da tarihin likita, haƙuri da abu, da kuma sakamakon gwaje-gwaje.

• 0.4-0.5 U / kg ga mutanen da ke fama da sabon nau'in ciwon sukari 1.
• 0.6 U / kg ga marassa lafiya da aka gano cutar fiye da shekara da ta gabata a cikin kyakkyawan diyya.
• 0.7 raka'a / kg ga masu ciwon sukari tare da nau'in cutar ta 1, tsawon lokaci na shekara 1 tare da rama mara tabbas.
• 0.8 U / kg ga mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yanayin lalata.
• 0.9 U / kg ga mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yanayin ketoacidosis.
• 1.0 raka'a / kilogiram don marasa lafiya a cikin balaga ko cikin watanni uku na ciki.

Lissafin kashi yayin amfani da insulin ana yin shi ne la'akari da yanayin, salon, tsarin abinci mai gina jiki. Yin amfani da naúrar 1 fiye da 1 kilogiram na nauyi yana nuna yawan zubar jini.

Don zaɓar kashi na insulin ga mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari, wanda aka bayyana a karo na farko, zaku iya lissafa: 0.5 UNITS x nauyin jiki a kilo. Bayan fara maganin, buƙatar jikin don ƙarin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya raguwa.

Mafi sau da yawa wannan yana faruwa a farkon watanni shida na magani kuma amsawar al'ada ce. A cikin lokaci mai zuwa (wani wuri kusa da watanni 12-15) buƙata zata karu, har zuwa 0.6 LATSA.

Tare da lalata, tare da gano ketoacidosis, kashi na insulin saboda juriya yana tashi, yana kai 0.7-0.8 UNITS a kilo kilogram na nauyi.

Gudanarwa da dilution na rigakafi.

Kwayoyin rigakafi -
kwayoyi masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta ("ANTI" -
da, "BIOS" - rayuwa). Chemical
abubuwa abubuwa da yawa
nau'in kwayoyin, ko dai an samu
roba da girma hanawa
da haifuwar wasu halittu,
gami da kwayar cuta.

Dalilin gabatarwa
maganin rigakafi: cin nasarar warkewa
sakamako.

- Na biyu

Anatomical
yankuna don sarrafa intradermal da
gwajin fata - tsakiyar uku na goshin hannu.

1. Don raka'a 100,000
sha kwayoyin rigakafi 1 ml., ilimin halittar jiki
mafita. Tabbataccen kiwo
maganin rigakafi.

2. A cikin tuberculin
mun zana sirinji 0.1 ml, diluted
kwayoyin kwayoyin 0.9 ml
mafita.

3. Barin shiga
0.1 ml sirinji, zuba sauran maganin.

Don samfurin an gabatar da shi
1000 FATIMA (raka'a aiki) na kwayoyin.

An buga syringe
bayani na farko na gyada (idan
yana cikin kwalbar) 0.9 ml, sannan 0.1 ml,
gwajin maganin rigakafi.

Duk-in gwajin akan komai
maganin rigakafi ana yi da gangan.

Idan samfurin shine 2
kwayoyin rigakafi sannan amfani da dama kuma
hagu hannu da alama tare da harafin "P"
(penicillin), "C" (streptomycin).

1. Cook
daidaitaccen maganin penicillin dilution (
1 ml na Saline ya ƙunshi 100,000
ED Penicillin).

2. Rubuta a cikin sirinji
(girma - 1 ml) 0.9 ml na ruwan gishiri.

3. A cikin sirinji iri daya
a sami 0.1 ml na penicillin da aka dil
(har zuwa 1 ml), don haka a cikin 1 ml na bayani
ya ƙunshi raka'a 10,000 na penicillin, kuma a ciki
0.1 ml na mafita - 1000 FASAHA.

4. Don saka allura don
allurar ciki
mazugi

5. Na ciki
rike saman goshin hannu 70%
barasa ko maganin cututtukan fata sau biyu
kuma bar bushe.

6. Alurar 0.1 ml
maganin penicillin bayani cikin intradermally
tsakiyar uku na gaba kafin samuwar
farin papule - "lemun tsami lemon".

Don gabatarwa
Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi musamman
babba quadrant na waje kuma
gefen hagu, kuma ana iya amfani dashi
a waje - saman cinya.

Doka ta asali
maganin rigakafi

bayar a
UNIT ko a cikin grams.

Kiwo
maganin rigakafi don yin allura.

Jerin "B":
maganin rigakafi - ƙwayoyin cuta
kwayoyi.

Manufa: Nasara
sakamako na warkewa.

Alamu: by
takardar sayen magani na likita don
cututtuka masu kumburi.

Kwayoyin rigakafi na
allurar da aka saki azaman lu'ulu'u
foda a cikin kwalabe na musamman. Allurai
maganin rigakafi na iya zama cikin raka'a (raka'a)
ayyuka) da kuma a cikin grams.

Sau da yawa a aikace
magani yana amfani da maganin rigakafi
maganin penicillin (benzylpenicillin sodium)
ko gishiri mai gishiri). An bayar dashi
kwalabe na 250 000, 500 000, 1 000 000 raka'a.

Don kiwo
penicillin amfani da 0.25% ko 0.5%
maganin novocaine. Tare da mutum-daya
Amfani da rashin haƙuri na Novocain
salim 0.9% sodium
chloride ko ruwa mai bakararre don allura.

A cikin ML 1 ML
Dole ne a haɗa abubuwa guda 100,000 na azaba.

Ta wannan hanyar
idan a cikin kwalbar 1 000 000 raka'a, to
ya zama dole a cika sirinji 10 ml
sauran ƙarfi.

X = —— ——— = 10 ml
sauran ƙarfi

250 000 LATSA ——— 2.5
ml na sauran ƙarfi

Mulkin: A cikin 1 ml.,
maganin zai ƙunshi raka'a 100,000

Wannan kiwo
da ake kira misali.

Ana amfani dashi
kuma hanyar mai da hankali
kiwo i.e.

A cikin 1 ml na bayani
yakamata ya ƙunshi raka'a 200,000 na penicillin.

Don haka ga
kiwo 1 000 000ED da ake bukata a ciki
sirinji don cika da sauran ƙarfi na 5.0 ml.

500 000ED
———— 2.5 ml na sauran ƙarfi.

Penicillin
an samar da kwalbar a cikin raka'a 250,000, raka'a 500,000,
Raka'a dubu ɗaya

Magani ba zai iya ba
yayi zafi kamar zai rushe
adana kwana 1 a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi. Iodine
halaka penicillin don haka abin toshe kwalaba
ba a kula da vial da allurar ba
aidin. Shigar da tsari kamar sau 4-6 a rana bisa ga
takardar maganin likita bayan sa'o'i 4 ba tare da damuwa ba
regimens, tunda maganin rigakafi ya kamata
tara kuɗi don aiki mai kyau
kowace haƙuri.

An sake fito da Streptomycin a cikin nau'i na
crystalline foda a cikin na musamman
vials. Za a iya allurai a cikin grams
kuma a raka'a (raka'a).

A
yanzu
Akwai vials tare da streptomycin
1.0 g kowane, 0.5 g, 0.25 g.
Kafin amfani, streptomycin ta narke
0.25% ko 0.5% maganin novocaine
mutum rashin haƙuri
novocaine amfani isotonic
bakararre sodium chloride bayani
ruwa don yin allura.

Domin
Ana amfani da dilution na streptomycin
kuma hanyoyi biyu: daidaitacce
da kuma mai da hankali.

Burin: shirya
maganin rigakafi don gudanarwa.

Alamu: aiwatar da magungunan likita.

Contraindications: rubutaccen rubutu akan kwalabe (ampoules)
maganin rigakafi da kuma warware rashin daidaituwa
ranar karewa, canjin yanayinsu
kaddarorin (canjin launi, bayyanar
flakes, girgije bayani, da dai sauransu).

Kayan aiki: teburin kulawa, bakararre
kwallaye, 70 barasa ko dermal
maganin antiseptik, sirinji mai kauri da allura don
saitin ƙarfi daga ampoule ko
sauran ƙarfi allurar vial
bakararre vial tare da kwayoyin
hanzari, fayilolin ƙusa, almakashi, maganin rigakafi,
solvents don maganin rigakafi, trays
don allurar da aka yi amfani da allura, kwantena
tare da des.

r-mi ko kwantena na aji "B",
abin rufe fuska, safofin hannu.

Manufa: likita
da bincike.

Alamu: kulawa ta gaggawa, jiyya
mummunan rashin lafiya, rashin yiwuwar gudanarwa
shiri a wata hanya, shiri
to kayan aikin bincike
amfani da bambanci wakili.

- daban
rashin haƙuri da miyagun ƙwayoyi,

- rashin yiwuwar
gano jijiya

- take hakkin
fata fata a wurin allura.

Kayan aiki: tebur mai sarrafawa, tire mai siffa
bakararre - 1 pc. mara ruwa mai bakin ciki-1
inji mai kwakwalwa

1 wajan shakatawa sirinji
amfani guda 10.0-20.0 ml.

, akwati mai kwalliya
domin yin jigilar kaya
1 sirinji ampoules: korglikon,
strophanthin, glucose, alli chloride
10%, sodium chloride 0.9%, fayil ampoule,
shambura gwaji, bayar da suttura,
sabulu mai ruwa, matattarar mai-1pc.

,
adiko na goge baki don roba -1 biyu,
bakararre safofin hannu-1para, m
allo (tabarau), maski, goge ko auduga
Kwallaye 3 masu maye.

Duba
cikar kayan taimakon farko "Anti-AIDS"!

Matsayi

Tabbatarwa

I. Shiri don
magudi.

1. Cook
duk abin da kuke buƙatar gudanarwa
hanyoyin.

2.
Ka kulla abota mai kyau
tare da haƙuri.

3.
Bayyana wayar da kan mara lafiya
game da magani da kuma samun
ya yarda da magudi.

5. Tsari
hannaye a cikin tsabtace hanya da saka
safofin hannu.

6.
Binciken da dacewar miyagun ƙwayoyi
yana nufin (suna, kashi, kwanan wata,
yanayin jiki).

7.
Tabbatar da yarda kuma
takardar sayen magani
likita.

8. Tsari
wuya na ampoule (kwalban kwalba) tare da bukukuwa
tare da barasa sau biyu.

9.
Shirya sirinji da allura don saita
da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

10. Rubuta cikin sirinji
adadin da ake buƙata sanya
magani sannan a
cika guda sirinji da sauran ƙarfi.
Ya kamata a sa allurai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin des.
mafita.

11.
Saka allura a mazugin sirinji zuwa
allura ta ciki, saki
iska. Sanya a cikin kayan aikin hannu.

12.
Shirya aƙalla kwallaye 5
moistened da barasa da wuri
bakararre tire ko jaka ta kraft.

II.
Kashe hanyoyin.

13. Ba da shawara
kwanta da mara lafiya ko, idan ya cancanta
taimaka masa da hakan. Sanya daki
don yin allura (zauren ulnar vein).

14. A karkashin gwiwar hannu
sanya mai ta da mai a jikin mai haƙuri.
Aiwatar da tsarin shakatawa a kafada na mara lafiya don 5
cm sama da gwiwar hannu, a rufe
tare da adiko na goge baki (ko tufafinsa).

Lura: lokacin amfani da tsarin shakatawa
bugun jini a radial artery bai kamata ba
canzawa. Fata a ƙasa da wurin
yawon shakatawa redden, Vienna
kumbura. Idan akwai wani cikas
Dole ne a sassauta siginar cikin yawon shakatawa.

15.
Nemi mai haƙuri yayi aiki da cam
(matsi - ɓataccen)

16. Tsari
safofin hannu masu maganin antiseptik.

17. Bincika
jijiya na haƙuri.

18. Tsari
wurin allura tare da ƙwallon giya daga
tsinkaye zuwa tsakiya (ƙasa-ƙasa),
diamita

19. theauki sirinji a ciki
hannun dama saboda wannan goshin
yatsan ya sa allura a kai,
bincika iyawar allura kuma
rashin iska a cikin sirinji.

20. Tsari
wurin allura tare da ƙwallon giya,
Nemi mai haƙuri ya riƙe kamarar.

21. Don gyarawa
jijiya tare da babban yatsa na hagu
huda fata (allura tare da yanke)
kuma shigar da jijiya 1/3 na tsawon allura.

22. Ja da baya
fistin kan kanka, tabbatar
jini a cikin sirinji.

23. Yi tambaya
kwance mai haƙuri, kwance
hargitsi tare da hagu, yana jan guda
daga iyakar kyauta.

24. Ja da baya
piston akan kanta, tabbatar da allura
located in Vienna.

25.
Ba tare da canza hannun ba, danna-hagu
da kuma sannu a hankali allurar maganin,
lura da yanayin mai haƙuri.

26. A cikin sirinji
bar 1ml na magani
da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

27. Tare da kwallon
tare da barasa zuwa wurin yin allura, cirewa
allura, tambayi mai haƙuri don tanƙwara
hannun a gwiwar ka riƙe riƙe da
barasa na mintina 5 (to wannan kwallon
sa a cikin des. mafita).

III
Endarshen hanya.

28.
A cikin kwandon shara tare da des.
kurkura sirinji tare da bayani
allura. Sannan sanya allura da sirinji a ciki
daban-daban kwantena tare da des. mafita don haka
domin tashoshin suna cike da des.
mafita.

29.
Cire safofin hannu
nutsad da su a cikin des. mafita.

30.
Wanke da bushe bushe hannun.

31.
Yi rikodin
yin hanya a cikin takardar aiki.

Tasiri
aiwatar da jan hankali.

Halin mutumtaka
ga mai haƙuri. Hakkin mai haƙuri game da bayani.

Gargadi
rikitarwa. Daidai kisan
magunguna na likita.

Gyara
yi magudi.

Gyara
yi magudi.

Gyara
yi magudi. Yin rigakafin
iska embolism.

Tsaro
aiwatar da jan hankali. Samun damar zuwa
wurin allura.

Mafi kyawun damar zuwa
Vienna.

Gudanarwa
daidai aikace-aikace na yawon shakatawa.

Ga mafi kyau
cika jijiya.

Tasiri
aiwatar da aikin.

Tasiri
aiwatar da aikin.

Hit iko
a cikin wata jijiya.

Tasiri
aiwatar da aikin.

Gargadi
sinadaran sunadarai na talc
fata.

Tsawo hormone

Tsawo - wani magani tare da dogon lokaci na aiki, wanda ke tasowa ba daga lokacin insulin ba, amma bayan wani lokaci. Yin amfani da abu mai tsawo yana dawwama, kuma bawai ba ne. Kodayake duk da umarnin likitan da tattaunawa game da cikakkun bayanai yayin tattaunawa na baka, mai ciwon sukari bai san ka'idodin lissafin insulin da nawa ake gudanarwa ba. Gaskiyar ita ce dole ne a yi amfani da hormone mai tsawo don rage matakan glucose zuwa matakan al'ada akan ci gaba mai gudana. An buƙaci don ciwon sukari na nau'ikan biyu, amma ba duka ba. Da yawa ba sa buƙatar samfurin da aka tsawaita - likitan likita ya ba da izini ga gajere ko matsananci-gajere, wanda ke dakatar da kaifi a cikin sukari bayan gudanarwa.

Abu ne mai sauki ka zabi kashi na tsawan hormone. Bayan duk wannan, ƙarancin insulin da ake buƙata na gudanarwar insulin ba zai dogara da canje-canje ba a matakin sukari yayin rana saboda dalilan ɗaukar abincin, kazalika da kulawar matattara ko gajere kafin cin abinci. Magungunan ya zama dole don tabbatar da daidaitattun sigogi na al'ada kuma ba a ba da umarnin don sauƙaƙe mummunan harin ba.

Don yin ƙididdigar yawan adadin insulin ɗin da ake buƙata a cikin mellitus na ciwon sukari, ya zama dole don yin algorithm mai zuwa na ayyuka:

• 1 rana - fara awo na glucose na awa daya daga lokacin farkawa har zuwa abincin rana, ba tare da cin abinci ba a cikin wani lokaci na lokaci (yin rikodin sakamakon).
• 2 rana - kuyi karin kumallo, kuma bayan sa'o'i uku kuna fara ma'aunin awa har sai abincin yamma (ba'a cire abincin rana ba).
• Kwanaki 3 - an yarda da karin kumallo da abincin rana, ba'a cire abincin dare - ma'aunin awa a ko'ina cikin yini.

Idan allurai insulin sun ƙaddara daidai, to, da safe na ranar farko 1 sigogi zai kasance a cikin kewayon 4.9-5 mmol / L, a rana ta biyu - ba ta wuce 7.9-8 mmol / L ba, kuma a rana ta uku - ƙasa da 11.9-12 mmol / l. Idan alamu na al'ada ne, to komai na tsari ne kuma ƙarar abun da aka lissafa daidai ne. Idan sukari ya rage, to akwai buƙatar rage alluran insulin - ana iya yawan zubar da jini. A alamu sama da ƙayyadaddun dabi'un kashi da gudanar da karuwar insulin.

Eterayyade ƙa'idodin gajeren hormone

Short ya kira hormone tare da gajeren lokacin aiki. An wajabta don dakatar da hare-hare, tare da tsalle-tsalle masu tsinkaye a cikin alamun glucose, kamar yadda kafin cin abinci. Zai rage matakin glucose zuwa sigogin da ake buƙata. Kafin gudanar da aikin insulin, ana bada shawara don sanin matakin da ya wajaba ga mutum. Don wannan, mai haƙuri yana auna sukari na mako guda kuma yana gyara alamu. Idan sakamakon yau da kullun al'ada ne, kuma bayan abincin dare matakan glucose na jini suna ƙaruwa sosai, to za a sanya ɗan taƙaitaccen nau'in abu don mai haƙuri kowace rana da maraice - kafin abinci. Idan ana lura da tsalle-tsalle bayan kowace abinci, ba za a iya guje wa sarrafa insulin sau uku ba. Dole ne ku sha magungunan kowane lokaci kafin ku ci abinci.

Don ci gaba da lura da sukari na jini amfani da glucometer! Tare da shi, za a iya yin bincike daidai a gida!

Likitocin da ke halartar ya kamata su zabi adadin maganin yau da kullun, bayanan da aka samo yayin gwajin: allurar tana yin mintuna 40 kafin cin abinci. Sannan, minti 30 da minti 20 kafin cin abinci, ana auna kimar. Idan sukari ya ragu da 0.3 mmol / L, zaku iya fara cin abinci ba tare da tsoron tasirin hypoglycemic ba. Idan babu raguwa ko da mintuna 40 bayan allura, to mai haƙuri ya jinkirta abincin, yayin da ake auna alamun a kowane minti 5 har sai an gyara canje-canjen farko. Gwajin yana ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da aka samar da gajeren lokacin kwayar cutar ta canza kashi 50%. Ana buƙatar wannan gwajin lokacin da alamu masu nuna mita ba su fi 7.6 mmol / L ba. Bayan duk, zaɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyi da aka zaɓa daidai, la'akari da halayen mutum na jiki, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga mai haƙuri.

Shan matsanancin gajere

Hakanan ana gudanar da hormone mai dan gajeren lokaci kafin abinci, amma an riga an aiwatar da aikin don mintuna 15-5. Ayyukanta sun ma iyakance cikin lokaci fiye da aikin wani dan kankanin hormone, yana faruwa da sauri, amma kuma yana karewa da sauri. Za'a iya lissafin adadin maganin da ake buƙata yayin la'akari da ƙimar da aka samu yayin gwajin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana aiwatar da lissafin daidai kamar yadda ya gabata, amma yin la'akari da rage lokacin da aka fara amfani da abu.

A kowane hali, likita dole ne ya ƙayyade ƙimar abu mai mahimmanci don samar da tasirin warkewar da ake so. Specialistwararren masani ya san nawa 1 rukunin insulin ke rage matakin glucose a cikin jini, la’akari da halayen jikin ɗan adam, gwargwadon ilimin ƙira, sakamakon bincike da kuma bayanan tarihin likita. Wucewa da sashin da ake buƙata kuma karɓar ƙimar da ake buƙata na raka'a yana da haɗari ga lafiyar masu ciwon sukari. Saboda haka, gudanar da kai ko dakatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya shafar yanayin, kuma yana haifar da sakamako wanda ba a so.

Tushen ilimin halittar jiki na ilimin insulin

Kimiyyar zamani na kirkirar kwayar halittar mutum. Waɗannan sun haɗa da naman alade da insulin, wanda aka haɓaka ta injiniyan kwayoyin. Ya danganta da lokacin aiki, magungunan sun kasu kashi biyu kuma masu tsayi, da tsayi da tsayi. Hakanan akwai magunguna waɗanda hormones na gajere da na aiki tsawo suna gauraye.

Mutanen da ke dauke da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari suna karɓar nau'in nau'in 2. Ta hanyar al'ada, ana kiran su da allurar "asali" da "gajere".

An sanya nau'in 1 a cikin adadin 0.5-1 naúrar kowace kilogram kowace rana. A matsakaici, ana samun raka'a 24. Amma a zahiri, sashi na iya bambanta sosai. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin mutumin da kawai ya gano game da rashin lafiyarsa kuma ya fara allurar hormone, ana rage sashi sau da yawa.

Wannan shi ake kira "amaryar rana" mai ciwon sukari. Inje shine inganta aikin cututtukan hanji da sauran ƙwayoyin beta masu lafiya da ke fara asirin hormone. Wannan yanayin yana daga 1 zuwa 6 na watanni, amma idan an lura da magani, rage cin abinci da aikin jiki, “amaryar” zata iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci. Ana amfani da gajeren insulin kafin manyan abinci.

Nawa raka'a in saka kafin abinci?

Don yin ƙididdigar daidai daidai, dole ne ka fara lissafin nawa XE a cikin dafaffen abinci. Ana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren dindindin a farashin 0.5-1-1.5-2 raka'a da XE.

Tare da sabon cutar da aka gano, mutum yana asibiti a cikin sashen endocrinology, inda likitoci masu ilimi suka zaɓi abubuwan da ake buƙata. Amma sau ɗaya a gida, sashin da likita ya umarta bazai isa ba.

Abin da ya sa kowane haƙuri ke yin karatu a makarantar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, inda aka gaya masa game da yadda ake ƙididdige maganin kuma zaɓi madaidaicin kashi don raka'a gurasa.

Yin lissafi don ciwon sukari

Don zaɓar madaidaicin ƙwayar magani, kuna buƙatar adana bayanan kula da kai.

Yana nuna:

• matakan glycemia kafin da kuma bayan abinci,
• gurasa gurasa,
• allurai ana sarrafa su.

Yin amfani da littafin rubutu don magance matsalar insulin ba shi da wahala. Da yawa raka'a don farashin, haƙuri da kansa dole ne ya san, ta hanyar gwaji da kuskure yanke shawarar da bukatun. A farkon cutar, kuna buƙatar kiran sama sau da yawa ko kuma saduwa tare da endocrinologist, tambayi tambayoyi kuma ku sami amsoshi. Wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo don rama cutar ku da tsawan rai.

Type 1 ciwon sukari

Tare da wannan nau'in cutar, raunin "tushe" farashin 1 - 2 sau a rana. Ya dogara da maganin da aka zaɓa. Wasu sun wuce awanni 12, yayin da wasu suke kwana cikakku. Daga cikin gajeren kwayoyin, Novorapid da Humalog sun fi amfani da su.

A cikin Novorapid, aikin yana farawa a cikin mintina 15 bayan allura, bayan awa 1 ya kai kololuwarsa, wato mafi girman tasirin hypoglycemic. Kuma bayan awa 4 ya daina aikinsa.

Humalogue tana farawa minti 2-3 bayan allura, ta kai kololuwa a cikin rabin awa kuma ta daina tasirin bayan awa 4.

Bidiyo tare da misalin lissafin kashi:

Type 2 ciwon sukari

Na dogon lokaci, marasa lafiya suna yin ba tare da allura ba, wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa hanjin kumburin kansa yana samar da kwayoyin halittar kansa, kuma allunan suna kara karfin jijiyoyin jikin sa.

Rashin bin tsarin abinci, kiba, da shan sigari yana haifar da lalacewa mai saurin cutar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, kuma marasa lafiya suna haɓaka ƙarancin insulin.

Ta wata hanyar, fitsari ya daina samar da insulin sannan kuma marassa lafiya suna bukatar allura.

A farkon matakan cutar, an wajabta masu haƙuri kawai allurar basal.

Mutane na yin allura dashi sau 1 ko 2 a rana. Kuma a layi daya tare da injections, ana ɗaukar shirye-shiryen kwamfutar hannu.

Lokacin da "tushe" ya zama kasawa (mara lafiya sau da yawa yana da yawan jini mai hawan jini, rikice-rikice sun bayyana - asarar hangen nesa, matsalolin koda), an wajabta masa hormone na gajere kafin kowane abinci.

A wannan yanayin, yakamata su dauki hanyar makarantar sikandire akan lissafin XE da zabar kashi da ya dace.

Yana maganin insulin

Akwai hanyoyin magunguna da yawa:

1. Jectionaya daga cikin allura - ana yin wannan regimen ga marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 2.
2. Ana amfani da regimens da yawa don maganin ciwon sukari na 1.

Masana kimiyyar zamani sun gano cewa mafi yawan allurar da ake yi akai-akai suna kwaikwayon cututtukan fitsari kuma suna da tasiri sosai kan aikin gaba ɗaya na jikin kwayoyin halitta. A saboda wannan dalili, an kirkiro famfo na insulin.

Wannan famfon na musamman ne wanda aka saka ampoule tare da ɗan insulin. Daga gare ta, microneedle yana haɗe zuwa fatar mutum. An ba da famfo ta musamman shirye-shiryen, wanda bisa ga abin da shirin insulin yake samu a jikin fatar mutum kowane minti daya.

Yayin cin abinci, mutum yana saita sigogi masu mahimmanci, kuma famfo zai shiga cikin kashi mai mahimmanci. Rashin insulin shine babban madadin zuwa ci gaba injections. Bugu da kari, yanzu haka akwai wasu maguna da zasu iya auna sukarin jini. Abin takaici, na'urar da kanta da wadatar wata-wata suna da tsada.

Jihar tana ba da allon alkalami na musamman ga duk masu ciwon suga. Akwai sirinji da za'a iya zubar dashi, shine, bayan ƙarshen insulin, ana watsar dashi kuma sabon zai fara. A cikin alkalan da za'a sake amfani dasu, kayan kwalliyar magunguna suna canzawa, alkalami yaci gaba da aiki.

Alƙalin sirinji yana da injin sauƙi. Don fara amfani da shi, kuna buƙatar saka kwalin insulin a ciki, sa allura kuma ku buga lambar insulin ɗin da ake buƙata.

Alkalami ga yara da manya. Bambanci ya ta'allaka ne akan gaskiyar cewa alkalan yara suna da matakin insulin na raka'a 0.5, yayin da manya ke da raka'a 1.

Ya kamata a adana insulin a ƙofar firiji. Amma sirinji da kuke amfani da shi yau da kullun a cikin firiji kada ya yi ƙarya, tun lokacin da horon mai sanyi ya canza kayansa kuma yana tsokani ci gaban lipodystrophy - rikicewar rikicewar insulin na yau da kullun, wanda yake haifar da tsari a wuraren allura.

A cikin lokacin zafi, har ma da lokacin sanyi, kuna buƙatar ɓoye sirinjinku a cikin injin daskarewa na musamman, wanda ke kare insulin daga hypothermia da overheating.

Dokokin gudanar da insulin

Yin aikin allurar da kanta yayi sauki. Don gajeren insulin, ciki ne sau da yawa ana amfani dashi, kuma tsawon lokaci (tushe) - kafada, cinya ko gindi.

Dole ne maganin ya shiga cikin kitse mai subcutaneous. Tare da allurar da aka yi ba daidai ba, haɓakar lipodystrophy mai yiwuwa ne. An saka allura perpendicular zuwa ga fatar fata.

Syringe Algorithm:

1. Wanke hannu.
2. A kan zobe mai matsin lamba, buga lamba 1, wanda aka saki cikin iska.
3. An saita sashi gwargwado bisa ga rubutaccen likita, dole ne a yarda da canjin kashi tare da endocrinologist. Lambar da ake buƙata ana buga lambobi, ana sanya fatar fata. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa a farkon cutar, har ma da ƙara ƙarancin raka'a na iya zama kashi na mutuwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa koyaushe ya zama dole don auna sukari na jini da adana abubuwan kula da kai.
4. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar latsawa a kan asalin sirinji kuma allurar mafita. Bayan an sha maganin, ba a cire maganin shafawa ba. Wajibi ne don ƙidaya zuwa 10 sannan kawai cire fitar da allura kuma saki falle.
5. Ba za ku iya yin allurar shiga cikin wuri tare da buɗe raunuka ba, kumburi a kan fata, a cikin yanki na scars.
6. Kowane sabon allura ya kamata a yi shi a cikin sabon wuri, wato, haramun ne yin allura a cikin wannan wuri.

Koyarwar bidiyo akan amfani da alkalami mai syringe:

Wani lokaci marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 2 suna amfani da sirinji na insulin. Vial na maganin insulin na iya ƙunsar 1 ml na 40, 80 ko 100 raka'a. Dangane da wannan, an zaɓi sirinji da ake buƙata.

Algorithm don gabatarwar sirinji na insulin:

1. Shafa marubutan roba na kwalbar da kayan giya. Jira barasa ya bushe. Sanya cikin sirinjin da ake buƙata na insulin daga raka'a + 2, saka kan kwalkwali.
2. Bi da wurin allurar tare da gogewar giya, jira alkama ya bushe.
3. Cire hula, bar iska ta fita, da sauri sanya allura a wani kusurwa na digiri 45 zuwa tsakiyar maɓallin kitse na subcutaneous akan duk tsawonsa, tare da yanke.
4. Saki fata kuma a hankali saka allurar.
5. Bayan cire allura, haša busasshen auduga mai bushe zuwa wurin allurar.

Thearfin yin lissafin adadin insulin da kuma yin injections daidai shine tushen maganin cutar sankara. Kowane mai haƙuri dole ne ya koyi wannan. A farkon cutar, duk wannan yana da alama mai rikitarwa, amma kaɗan kaɗan zai wuce, kuma lissafin sashi da gudanarwar insulin da kansa zai faru akan injin.