Matakan sukari na jini ga nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari 2: menene al'ada

A cikin mutum mai lafiya, matakin glucose a cikin magudanar jini yana cikin kewayon daga 3.5 zuwa 6.1 mmol / lita. Bayan cin abinci, abubuwan da ke ciki na iya tashi na ɗan lokaci (kusan kimar 8.0 mmol / lita). Amma saboda amsawar ƙwayar kumburi zuwa wannan karuwa, ƙarin haɗin insulin yana faruwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a matakin sukari.

Cutar fitsari a cikin mutum mai ciwon sukari mellitus ko dai ba zai iya samar da insulin kwata-kwata (wannan abu ne ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 1), ko kuma ba a haɗa wannan hormone ɗin da isasshen adadin ba, wanda zai iya zama da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Saboda waɗannan dalilai, haɗuwa da sukari a cikin jini a cikin wannan cuta ya fi yadda aka saba.

Insulin da ma'anarta

Insulin wani abu ne wanda yake a cikin hanji wanda aka kirkire shi. Babbar manufarta ita ce sarrafa kwararar glucose a cikin sel dukkan gabobin jikin mutum da tsoka.

Insulin kuma yana da alhakin tsara metabolism na furotin ta hanyar shiga cikin samuwar su daga amino acid. Kwayoyin sunadarai da taimakon insulin ana tura su sel.

Idan rikice-rikice sun faru yayin ƙirƙirar wannan hormone ko kuma matsaloli sun fara a cikin hulɗarsa da ƙwayoyin jikin mutum, hauhawar jini na faruwa.

Hyperglycemia wani cigaba ne na hawan jini, wanda yake haifar da ciwon sukari mellitus.

A cikin mutane masu lafiya, siffofin insulin a cikin ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke jigilar glucose mai narkewa cikin sel. A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, glucose ba zai iya shiga cikin tantanin halitta da kansa ba, kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jini a matsayin abu mara amfani.

A lokaci guda, glucose shine asalin tushen kuzari ga dukkan gabobin. Sau ɗaya a cikin jiki tare da abinci, an canza shi zuwa tsarkakakken makamashi a cikin sel. Godiya ga wannan, jiki yana iya aiki kullum.

A cikin sel, glucose na iya shiga kawai tare da taimakon insulin, don haka ba za a iya yin amfani da mahimmancin wannan hormone ba.

Idan akwai karancin insulin a jiki, duk sukarin da yake fitowa daga abinci ya zauna cikin jini. Sakamakon wannan, jinin ya yi kauri kuma ba zai iya jigilar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa sel ba. Akwai raguwa a cikin waɗannan ayyukan.

Ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki sun zama marasa jituwa ga abubuwan gina jiki, sun rage elasticity da ƙara haɗarin rauni. Yawan wuce haddi a cikin jini shima yana kawo hadari ga membranes.

Cutar Ciwon Sama

Lokacin da matakin sukari na jini ya tashi sama da ƙimar al'ada don ciwon suga, takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana waɗanda ke halayyar wannan cutar:

1. m ƙishirwa
2. bushe bakin
3. karuwar fitowar fitsari,
4. janar gaba daya
5. karancin gani.

Amma duk waɗannan alamun bayyanar cututtuka suna cikin haɗari, kuma haɗarin gaske shine lokacin da matakin glucose a cikin jini ya kasance koyaushe a babban matakin.

Hadarin yana da alaƙa da rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari. Da farko dai, lalacewar jijiyoyi ne da jijiyoyin jini a jiki. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa yawan haɗuwa da glucose a cikin jini yana haifar da ci gaba da yawancin rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, wanda daga baya ya haifar da nakasa kuma yana iya haifar da mutuwa.

Babban haɗari dangane da rikice rikice shine babban matakin sukari bayan cin abinci.

Idan, bayan cin abinci, matakan glucose na jini lokaci-lokaci yakan tashi, wannan ana ɗauka alama ce farkon bayyananniyar farkon cutar. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa ciwon suga. Tabbatar kula da waɗannan alamun:

• dogon warkar raunuka
• kullum tasowa jam
• bayyanar da fitarwa,
• zub da jini
• rauni
• karancin gani
• sauke cikin aiki.

Wannan yanayin na iya wuce shekaru da yawa kafin likitoci suyi bincike game da cutar sankarau. A cewar kididdiga, kusan kashi 50% na mutanen da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 2 ba su ma san da cutar su ba.

An tabbatar da wannan ta gaskiya cewa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na marasa lafiya, lokacin da aka gano su, tuni suna da rikice-rikice na cutar da ta tashi a wannan lokacin saboda karuwa lokaci-lokaci a cikin yawan glucose bayan cin abinci. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akai-akai kuma akai-akai duba matakin sukari don yanayin lafiyar ku.

Hakanan yana da matukar muhimmanci a shiga cikin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar siga, watau, jagoranci rayuwa ta yau da kullun, cin abinci da kyau, kula da lafiyar ku koyaushe.

Don hana haɓakar ciwon sukari, dole a kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi:

1. Bincika glucose na jini akai-akai.
2. Dakatar da shan giya da shan sigari.
3. A raba, cin akalla sau biyar a rana.
4. Ya kamata a maye gurbin kitse na dabbobi a cikin abincin tare da ƙoshin shuka.
5. Rage yawan adadin carbohydrates da aka cinye tare da abinci, iyakance yawanci.
6. Yi ƙoƙarin guje wa yanayin damuwa.
7. Jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki.

Hanyar warkewa don ciwon sukari ta ƙunshi waɗannan ayyukan:

• Yarda da wani tsayayyen abinci, kin amincewa da Sweets da carbohydrates.
• Yin motsa jiki.
• Shan magunguna don rage sukari a cikin allunan ko azaman insulin insulin.
• Kulawa da kansa na matakan glucose ta hanyar aunawa akai-akai a duk tsawon rana.
• Koyon yadda ake sarrafa jikin ku da ciwon sukari.

Ya kamata a kula da matakin glucose a cikin jini a daidai al'ada ta dukkan hanyoyin da za'a iya amfani da su, tunda hyperglycemia shine babban dalilin cututtukan cututtukan fata. Rage yawan haɗuwa da sukari zuwa mahimmanci kusan-zuwa ga lambobin mutane masu lafiya shine babban maƙasudin magani don ciwon sukari.

Ba za a iya yarda da yawan zubar da jini ba. Wannan wani yanayi ne wanda yawan sukarin jini ya ragu sosai har ya zama kasa da matakan al'ada. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ƙaramin darajar glucose na jini wanda ya yi daidai da na yau da kullun shine 3.5 mmol / lita.

Don hana rikice-rikice iri iri, dole ne a rama ciwon sukari, wato, don kula da matakan glucose koyaushe a cikin iyakoki masu daidaita:

1. Yin azumi sukari na jini ya fara daga 3.5 zuwa 6.1 mmol / lita.
2. Awanni biyu bayan cin abinci, yawan glucose a cikin magudanar jini kada ya zarce 8 mmol / lita.
3. A lokacin bacci, iyakar sukari na al'ada shine tsakanin 6.2 zuwa 7.5 mmol / lita.
4. A cikin fitsari, glucose bai kamata ya ƙunshi komai ba, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, ƙimar 0.5% tana halatta.

Abubuwan da aka nuna a sama sune mafi kyau duka, tare da waɗannan dabi'u da alama yiwuwar haɓaka rikitarwa ƙanƙane. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a san cewa kuna buƙatar kula da ƙimar darajar glucose kawai a cikin jini da fitsari, amma kuma kula da alamun da ke gaba:

1. Girman jiki ya zama mafi kyau duka dangane da tsayi, shekaru da jinsi.
2. Hawan jini bai kamata ya zarce 130/80 mmHg ba.
3. Kwalalin al'ada bai kamata ya wuce 4.5 mmol / lita ba.

Sau da yawa yana da matukar wahala a cimma waɗannan alamomin a aikace, amma kar a manta cewa babban maƙasudin a cikin lura da ciwon sukari shine hana ci gaban rikice-rikice, tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali da sha'awar tsawon rai.

Bambanci tsakanin nau'in 1 da Ciwon 2 na Cutar

Ciwon sukari yana nufin duk rukuni na cututtukan endocrine waɗanda ke haɓaka saboda dangi ko cikakken rashi na insulin na hormone, da kuma keta alaƙar da ke tattare da ƙoshin jikin mutum. Kuma wannan dole yana haifar da hyperglycemia - tsayayyen haɓakawa a cikin taro na glucose a cikin jini.

Cutar na nuna halin mutum na yau da kullun da keta duk hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa - kitse, carbohydrate, ma'adinai, furotin da gishiri-ruwa. Ban da mutane, wannan cutar ana kuma samun ta a wasu dabbobi, kamar su kuliyoyi.

A halin yanzu, akwai wata shaida cewa cutar sankara tana da tsinkayar asali. Karo na farko da aka gabatar da irin wannan hangen nesa a shekarar 1896 sannan daga baya bayanan tabbatar da ilimin lissafi suka tabbatar dashi. Dangantakar B-locus na histocompatibility leukocyte antigens tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 da rashinsa a cikin nau'in cuta ta biyu an kafa shi a 1974.

Bayan haka, an gano wasu bambance-bambancen kwayoyin wadanda suka fi yawa a cikin halittar mutane masu ciwon sukari fiye da sauran mutanen.

Misali, idan B8 da B15 sun kasance a cikin kwayoyin halitta a lokaci guda, to kuwa hadarin cutar yana ƙaruwa sau 10. Yiwuwar rashin lafiya shine 9.4 sau mafi girma a gaban alamun alamun Dw3 / DRw4. Kimanin kashi 1.5% na cututtukan ciwon sukari suna faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbin A3243G na ƙwaƙwalwar mitochondrial MT-TL1.

Ya kamata a lura cewa nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari ana nuna shi da dabi'ar halittar jini, wato, ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da cutar.

Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 an ƙaddara ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda alamar ganewar asali shine kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic a cikin jini.

Zuwa yau, yanayin gado ba a bayyana shi cikakke, yana da matukar wahala a hango kogane da wannan tsari saboda yanayin gado na cutar. Ingantaccen ƙirar kayan gado na buƙatar ƙarin nazarin kwayoyin da ƙididdiga.

The pathogenesis na ciwon sukari yana da maki biyu:

1. Rashin insulin na isasshen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jiki.
2. Jurewar insulin, shine, cikas a cikin hulɗa da kwayoyin tare da sel jikin saboda canji a cikin tsari ko raguwa a cikin adadin wasu masu karɓar insulin, kazalika da rushewa a cikin tsarin kwayoyin da kansa ko kuma canji a cikin tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin ciki daga masu karɓa zuwa ƙwayoyin tantanin halitta.

Bambance-bambance na asibiti tsakanin nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Misalin haɓaka nau'ikan cuta biyu an bayyana shi a magani, amma a aikace na asibiti waɗannan shimfidar yanayi ba koyaushe ne ake samun cikakke ba. Misali, tare da mellitus na ciwon sukari na nau'in farko na wani lokaci bayan kamuwa da cutar, bukatar insulin (wacce ake kira “amarcin zuma”) da ke iya kamuwa da ita.

Tare da wata cuta ta nau'in na biyu, ba za a iya samun rikice-rikice na kullum. Cutar kamuwa da autoimmune 1 na iya haɓaka ko da bayan shekaru 40, kuma a cikin matasa a cikin 10-15% na lokuta tare da wannan cutar, ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic (cututtukan idiopathic) ba za a iya gano su ba.

Idan alamar cutar kamar hyperglycemia na wani matakin alama ce ta cutar da kanta, to babu alamun irin wannan cutar, amma akwai wasu ƙarin bayyanannun alamun ko alamun cutar. Wato, yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro kuma magani ce mai haifar da rashin lafiya.

A aikace, nau'in ciwon sukari a farkon haɓakar cutar an ƙaddara ta endocrinologist dangane da wasu haɗuwa da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari (shekarun haƙuri, nauyin jiki, halayyar ketosis, dogara ga insulin) ba tare da yin la'akari da duk alamun alamun cutar ba. Likita na iya sake bayanin irin cutar idan ci gabanta bai yi daidai da yanayin da aka yi niyya ba.