Sukari 5

Matsayi na glucose a cikin jini shine ɗayan alamun da ke nuna daidaito na yanayin ciki, yana nuna daidai da matakan tafiyar matakai, kuma kusan dukkanin tsarin endocrine da kwakwalwa suna cikin kulawa.

Rage glucose na jini mai yiwuwa ne saboda hormone kawai - insulin. A bisa ga al'ada, ana watsa shi a cikin adadi kaɗan koyaushe, kuma a cikin martanin abinci, sakinsa na ainihi ya ba da damar glucose ya shiga cikin sel kuma shiga cikin ayyukan don makamashi. Hormones na adrenal gland, glandon thyroid da glucagon daga ƙwayoyin alpha na panasteric suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar glycemia.

Ana nuna ma'aunin cutar glycemia ga duk mutanen da ke cikin manya da tsufa aƙalla lokaci 1 a shekara, kuma idan mutum yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar siga, to ya fi yawa. Hakanan ya kamata ku duba sukarin ku na jini don alamun da za a iya ɗauka alamun farko na ciwon sukari.

Yaya ake sarrafa glucose na jini?

Glucose na jikin mutum yana aiki azaman kayan makamashi. Abincin da yake ci a cikin jiki ya dogara da irin abincin da ya ƙunshi carbohydrates.

A lokaci guda, ƙaddara shigar azzakari cikin shiga jini yana kasancewa ne ta tsari - daga abubuwa masu sauƙi na carbohydrates ana fara ɗauka ko da bakin ciki, kuma abubuwa masu rikitarwa sune farkon fashewar enzyme na amylase, sannan glucose daga gare su shima ya shiga jini.

Sannan ƙwayoyin suna amfani da wani ɓangare na glucose don halayen ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma an adana mafi yawancin shi a cikin hanta kamar yadda ake amfani da glycogen don ƙara damuwa ta jiki ko ta hankali, rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Hakanan, ana aiwatar da ka'idar glycemia ta waɗannan hanyoyin:

• Abubuwan da ke cikin insulin-kashin da ke dogara da su (hanta, tsokoki da tsopose nama) a cikin tantanin halitta yana faruwa ne bayan haɗin insulin tare da takamaiman mai karɓa.
• Rushewar glycogen da samuwar sabon kwayoyin a cikin hanta an tsara shi ta hanyar insulin.
• Haɓakar insulin da kuma ɗaukar glucose ta kyallen takarda ya dogara da aikin tsarin kulawa na neuroendocrine: ƙwayar hypothalamus da glandon gland, da kuma na ciki da na hanji.

Tare da haɓaka glucose na jini, ƙwayar insulin yana ƙaruwa. Wannan na faruwa ne ta hanyar motsawar kai tsaye ta kwayoyin glucose na sel islet na pancreas. Hanya ta biyu don tasiri sakin insulin shine don kunna masu karɓa a cikin hypothalamus, waɗanda ke kula da matakan glucose.

Insulin ya umarci hanta da ta samarda glycogen daga glucose din jini, kuma sel su sha. Sakamakon haka, sukarin jini ya ragu. Magungunan insulin shine hormone na biyu (glucagon). Idan an rage matakin glucose, to glucagon yana shiga cikin jini kuma yana kunna rushewar shagunan glycogen da samuwar sabon glucose a cikin hanta.

Hormones daga adrenal medulla, wanda ya haɗa da norepinephrine da adrenaline, glucocorticoids daga cortex, suna da irin wannan tasirin ga glucagon. Hormone girma da kuma thyroxine (hormone thyroid) na iya kara yawan cutar glycemia.

Wannan shine, duk kwayoyin da aka saki yayin damuwa, haɓaka aiki na tsarin juyayi mai juyayi yana ƙara yawan sukarin jini, kuma sautin babban ɓangaren sashin parasympathetic yana da tasirin (rage ƙasa).

Saboda haka, dare mai zurfi da sanyin safiya a tsakiyar rinjayar tasirin parasympathetic, mafi ƙarancin glucose matakin.

Guban jini

Ana aiwatar da hanyar farko ta binciken sukari bayan hutu na tsawon awanni 8 a cikin abinci, galibi da safe. Kafin binciken, ba za ku iya shan kofi ba, shan taba, kunna wasanni. Ana iya aiwatar da binciken a cikin kowane dakin gwaje-gwaje ko kuma a gida a gida.

Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar siyan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto - glucometer. Nazari ne mai ƙyalli mai ɗaukar hoto don ɗaukar yatsan yatsa da kuma gwajin gwaji akan jinin da aka ɗora. A ƙarƙashin yanayin bakararre, kuna buƙatar daska da matashin kai na yatsa ko yatsa na tsakiya. Hannun an riga an wanke su a cikin ruwan zafi tare da sabulu.

Wurin bugun ya bushe sosai saboda ruwa bai gurbata sakamakon bincike ba. An matse karamin matashin kai tare da lancet a gefen yatsa ta hanyar mm 2-3, ba a yi amfani da digo na farko na jini ba, kuma ana amfani da na biyu zuwa tsararran gwajin. Matsa yatsa ya zama mai rauni wanda ya sa ruwan ɓoye ba ya shiga cikin jini.

Ana yin gwajin sakamakon gwaji na jini bisa ga ka'idoji masu zuwa:

Idan akwai shakku a cikin ganewar asali, kazalika da kimar kan iyaka, kasancewar alamu dake nuna cutar sankarar mahaifa, ana gwada mai haƙuri tare da nauyin glucose. Ana magana da marasa lafiya tare da alamun atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini, kiba, polyneuropathy na asalin da ba a sani ba kuma tare da tsawan amfani da magungunan hormonal.

Don gudanar da gwajin a cikin kwanaki uku, mai haƙuri dole ne ya bi tsarin abincinsa na yau da kullun, daidaita tare da likita game da amfani da magunguna, kawar da damuwa, yawan motsa jiki, da shan barasa. Tsarin shan shaye ɗaya ya kasance iri ɗaya, amma kafin binciken yana yuwu ya wuce awanni 12-14.

Ana aiwatar da ma'aunin a kan komai a ciki, sannan kuma bayan mintuna 60 da sa'o'i biyu bayan shan 75 g na glucose. Adadin da jiki zai iya daukar glucose an kiyasta shi. Manuniya na yau da kullun sunyi la'akari da karuwa zuwa 7.7 mmol / l. Idan bayan sa'o'i 2 na hauhawar glycemia ya wuce 11.1, to wannan alama ce a kan son ciwon sukari.

Abubuwan da ke nuna tsakanin waɗannan dabi'un ana kimanta su azaman latent na cututtukan sukari, ƙarancin haƙuri ga carbohydrates. A cikin irin waɗannan halaye, an tsara tsarin rage cin abinci wanda ya iyakance mai sauƙin carbohydrates da ƙoshin dabbobi da kuma yin amfani da prophylactic na maganin ganye, abubuwan da ake buƙata ya zama raguwa cikin nauyin jiki yayin kiba.

Ka'idodin sukari na jini a cikin ƙuruciya

A cikin jinin yara ƙanana, raguwar sukari shine ilimin dabbobi. Wannan sanannen abu ne a cikin abin da ya faru da yaro da aka haife shi da wuri.

Valuesimar al'ada don jarirai sun haɗu daga 2.75 zuwa 4.35 mmol / L, sukari jini a cikin yara na yara har zuwa 5 mmol / L yana nufin iyakar babba na al'ada, yayin da bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 3.3 mmol / L ba.

Ga ɗaliban makaranta, iyakoki iri ɗaya kamar na manya ana ɗaukarsu azaman al'ada. Idan a cikin yara masu Azumi na jini na 6.2 mmol / L an gano su, to wannan ana kiran shi hyperglycemia, duk yawan glucose a ƙasa da 2.5 mmol / L - hypoglycemia.

Ana nuna gwajin tare da nauyin glucose lokacin da yaro ya gano mai nuna 5.5 - 6.1 mmol / l. Ana ba da glucose ga yara a cikin nauyin 1.75 g / kg a kowace kilo na nauyin jiki.

Kuna iya magana game da ciwon sukari tare da komai na ciki na 5.5 da sama, da sa'o'i biyu daga baya sama da 7.7 (duk dabi'u a mmol / l).

Rashin narkewar motsa jiki a yayin daukar ciki

Aka sake gina jikin mata yayin daukar ciki a karkashin tasirin homon da ke haifar da kwai da mahaifa, da kuma adrenal cortex. Duk waɗannan kwayoyin sunadaran da suke ɗaukar akasin insulin. Saboda haka, mata masu juna biyu suna haɓaka juriya ta insulin, wanda ake la'akari da ilimin halittar jiki.

Idan matakin insulin da aka samar bai isa ya shawo kan sa ba, to mata sun kamu da cutar sankaran mahaifa. Bayan haihuwa, ciwon sukari na mata masu juna biyu ya ɓace kuma alamu sun koma al'ada. Amma irin waɗannan marasa lafiya an canza su zuwa ƙungiyar masu haɗari, kuma a cikin mummunan yanayi suna iya fuskantar ingantaccen ciwon sukari na 2.

Yawancin cututtukan ciwon suga yawanci basa tare da alamun asibiti na hyperglycemia, amma ga yaro wannan yanayin mahaifiyar yana da haɗari. Idan baku kula da cutar hawan jini ba, to ana iya haihuwar jaririn tare da ƙarancin ci gaba. Lokacin mafi haɗari ga masu ciwon sukari shine daga watanni 4 zuwa 8 na gestation.

Riskungiyar haɗarin don haɓakar ciwon sukari sun haɗa da:

• Mata masu kiba wadanda suke kafin haihuwa ko saurin girma a wannan lokacin.
• Nau'in cutar siga ta 2 a cikin dangi.
• Cuta ko kuma tayin da ya mutu a cikin cikin kwanakin da suka gabata.
• Abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaban rayuwa ko samun juna biyu.
• Kwayar polycystic.

Ka'idodin ganewar asali sune: glycemia na azumi sama da 6.1 mmol / l, kuma bayan ciwan glucose (gwajin haƙuri na glucose) ya fi 7.8 mmol / l.

Wace cuta ce ke canza matsayin sukari a cikin jini?

Canje-canje a cikin glucose na jini bazai danganta shi da yanayin cutar ba. Glycemia yawanci yakan tashi bayan cin abinci, musamman idan yana dauke da sinadarai masu sauki. Increasearuwar sukarin jini yana haifar da ƙoƙari na jiki, tunda a wannan lokacin ana adana shagunan glycogen a cikin ƙwayar tsoka.

Abubuwa na hyperglycemia wanda ke da alaƙa da sakiwar jijiyoyin damuwa suna faruwa a cikin raɗaɗi mai zafi, a cikin mummunan lokacin infarction na myocardial, amo na ɓacin rai, ƙonewa tare da babban yanki na lalacewa.

Resistancewar carbohydrates yana raguwa tare da aikin tiyata na duodenum ko ciki. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa abinci baya kwanciya a cikin ciki kuma da sauri ya shiga hanjin, daga inda glucose yake shiga hanzarin jini.

Increaseara yawan jini a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, na faruwa tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari. Wannan shine mafi yawan dalilin cututtukan hyperglycemia. Rashin lafiyar ƙwayar cuta yana haifar da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na 1, da ƙwayoyin cuta, damuwa da raunin yanayin rigakafi suna aiki azaman abubuwan haifar.

Nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari shima yana da asali na gado a tushen ci gaba, amma ya fi halaye a gare shi ya faru lokacin balaga ko tsufa, tare da kiba, tare da rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki, hauhawar jini, atherosclerosis.

Cututtukan da ke haifar da hauhawar jini (ban da ciwon suga) sune:

1. Cutar hanta.
2. Cutar ƙwayar cutar kansa, ciwon kansa.
3. Cire Pancreas.
4. Raunin raunin kwakwalwa.
5. Thyrotoxicosis.
6. Cututtukan Hormonal: acromegalmia, Ciwo na Itsenko-Cushing, gigantism, pheochromocytoma.

Prolongara yawan shan magunguna daga ƙungiyar antihypertensive, diuretic da psychotropic kwayoyi, maganin hana haihuwa, glucocorticosteroids, magungunan thyrotropic da catecholamines na iya tayar da raguwa a cikin haƙurin glucose.

Rage sukari na jini a cikin yaro ko girma ba shi da haɗari, tun da aka rage abinci mai gina jiki na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, mummunar ƙwaƙwalwar jini na iya haifar da mutuwa. Wannan rikitarwa ana faruwa ne ta hanyar rashin lafiyar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta marasa lafiya idan mai haƙuri ya wuce adadin insulin da aka ba shi shawarar ko ƙoshin abinci, kuma ya sha giya.

Haɗin insulin da amfani da magunguna masu rage sukari, asfirin, maganin rigakafi, wasu magungunan rigakafi, antihistamines na iya haifar da raguwa wanda ba a so a cikin glycemia. Tare da gabatarwar insulin ba a karkashin fata ba, amma harin hypoglycemic na iya haɓaka intramuscularly.

Abubuwan cututtukan jini wanda matakan sukari na jini ya fadi sun hada da: hepatic necrosis, rage yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin hanji (malabsorption), cutar Addison (rage aiki adrenal gland function), rage ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.

Lokacin yin bincike, yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da kurakurai masu ƙoshin abinci, matakin nauyin jiki da damuwa, magani da matakan hormonal, musamman a cikin mata.

Saboda haka, ma'aunin guda na sukari na jini baya samar da cikakken bayani game da yanayin metabolism na metabolism. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, an tsara cikakken bincike: cikakken gwajin jini na ƙirar ƙwayar cuta, ƙuduri na haemoglobin glycated, urinalysis, kuma, bisa ga alamu, binciken duban dan tayi.

Me za a yi idan sukari jini ya tashi? Za a bayyana wannan ta hanyar kwararre a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.