Abokai "nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 - m cuta mai rikitarwa

Cutar sankarau cuta cuta ce ta kowa da ke addabar endocrine.

Cutar na canza yanayin rayuwar mutum da mummunan tasiri, hakan yana haifar da sakamako masu yawa.

Menene rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, dalilin da yasa suke haɓaka, yadda za'a magance su, labarin zai faɗi.

Pathophysiology na ciwon sukari

Tsarin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta yana farawa tare da gaskiyar cewa rashin insulin yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙwarewar ƙwayoyin sel zuwa wannan hormone da hyperglycemia.

Ana lura da mafi girman taro na glucose bayan cin abinci. A matakin sukari sama da 10 mmol / L, glucosuria yana faruwa, kuma ƙwayar osmotic na fitsari tayi ƙasa.

Kodan na rage jinkirin sake dawo da ruwa da wutan lantarki. Yawan fitsari a kullum ya kai lita 3-7. A sakamakon haka, bushewar yakan faru. Idan babu insulin, ana lura da yawan kiba da sunadarai, wadanda suke zama tushen kuzari ga sel.

Jiki ya rasa amino acid da nitrogen, ya tara ketones. Abubuwa na ƙarshen suna taka rawa sosai a cikin ilimin ilimin halittar mutum na cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na mellitus: cire acetoacetic da p-hydroxybutyric acid yana haifar da raguwa a cikin abubuwan ciko, ketoacidosis, da kuma raguwar ajiyar alkaline.

Increasearuwar ketoacidosis yana haifar da zaman lafiya da mutuwa.

Rarraba yiwuwar rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari

Duk rikitarwa na ciwon sukari an rarrabe shi cikin m da na kullum.

Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis shine mafi rikitarwa mafi rikitarwa wanda yawanci yakan haifar da mutuwa.

Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a tsakanin nau'in masu ciwon sukari na 1.

Tsarin haɓaka shine kamar haka: saboda karancin insulin, ƙwayoyin suna rasa ikon aiwatar da glucose daga abinci zuwa makamashi. Jiki yana fara karɓar makamashi daga adon mai, lokacin da ya karye, ana ƙirƙiri sassan ketone.

Kodan bazai iya sarrafa ketones da yawa ba. Sannan ruwan acid din ya karu.

Hypoglycemia

An kwatanta shi da faɗuwa a matakin glycemia a ƙasa na al'ada. Sau da yawa yakan faru ne a cikin marasa lafiyar marasa amfani da insulin.

Haske ne, wanda yake isa ya sha ruwan zaki, mai nauyi, mai buƙatar glucose mai narkewa a ciki.

Babban dalilin ci gaban hypoglycemia shine wuce haddi na insulin plasma dangane da adadin carbohydrates da aka karba tare da abinci.

M rikitarwa

Rashin rikice-rikice ya haɗa da ƙwayar ketoacidotic. Yana faruwa a cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, lokacin da aka rasa insulin. Jikin Ketone yana tarawa a jiki, jini yana shan iskar gas, ruwan da ke jikinsa ya ɓace saboda tsananin urination. Mutumin ya fada cikin coma mai zurfi, yana numfashi mai nauyi, numfashin yana jin ƙwarin acetone.

Hyma na hyperosmolar coma wani mummunan rikicewa ne wanda ke faruwa tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya. Abun na iya zama kamuwa da cuta, yawancin cututtukan huhu ko cututtukan urinary. Ya zo ga rashin ruwa (fitsari) mai yawa, sukarin jini yayi yawa sosai. Wannan rikitarwa baya faruwa sau da yawa, amma yana da ƙima sosai na mace-mace.

Rare shine lactacidic coma, wanda ya tashi game da batun kulawa da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na yau tare da magunguna marasa amfani a yau (Fenformin ko Buformin). Wannan yanayin na iya faruwa idan a daidai lokacin da mutum yake bin tsayayyen abinci ba tare da dubawa da shawarar likita ba ko kuma idan ya sha yawaita yayin maganin masu cutar siga tare da biguanides (Metformin).

Cutar hypoglycemic wata matsala ce mai wahala wacce ke faruwa tare da yawan yawan insulin ko magunguna waɗanda ke haɓaka insulin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin beta, ko kuma, dangane da hauhawar sukari mafi yawa a cikin jiki ba tare da rage girman insulin ba (bayan ayyukan motsa jiki, da sauransu). Sakamakon raguwar darajar sukari a cikin jini kuma, saboda haka, a cikin kwakwalwa, da farko, yana zuwa sakin kwayoyin halittar da ke ƙoƙarin haɓaka matakin sukari a cikin jini, wanda, a ƙarshe, yana haifar da asarar hankali. Alamomin da suka fi yawanci sune gumi, gumi, yunwa, damuwa, damuwa, rashin kulawa.

Taimako na farko don rikitarwa mai zurfi

Mutumin da za a kula dashi da insulin ko kwayayen ƙwayar cuta yana cikin haɗarin ƙananan sukari na jini (hypoglycemia). Ya kamata ku koyi yadda ake jurewa a irin wannan yanayin. Wajibi ne, da wuri-wuri, don samar da jikin kashi ɗaya na sukari, zai fi dacewa a cikin nau'ikan abin sha ko roƙon. Idan mutumin da ke da ƙanƙanin hypoglycemia ba zai iya hadiye shi ba, saboda bai san komai ba, ya kamata ka ba shi ɗan sukari a ƙarƙashin harshensa, kuma nan da nan neman taimakon likita, kowane minti yana da mahimmanci! A cikin kwayar cutar sankara, ana buƙatar kiran likita, ana buƙatar asibiti, babu abin da ya isa a yi a gida.

Matsalar ita ce yadda ake bambanta ƙimar jini, lokacin da kuke buƙatar ƙara sukari, daga wasu rikice-rikice a cikin masu ciwon sukari, wanda, akasin haka, an danganta su da ƙimar sukari mai girma. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa. Hypoglycemia, ba kamar sauran comas na masu ciwon sukari ba, yana haɓaka cikin hanzari (a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan), fata na fata, babu wani numfashi mai zurfi da alamun rashin ruwa (harshen bushe). Idan baku da tabbas ba, ba kuskure bane a ba wa mai fama da sukari hyperglycemia, saboda rayuwa ba ta cikin haɗari na mintina da yawa. Amma kuskuren mai rauni zai iya zama gabatarwar insulin a yayin hypoglycemia.

Rikice-rikice na kullum

Rikice-rikice na kullum na ciwon sukari yana haɓaka sama da shekaru 5 ko fiye, musamman a cikin mutanen da basa bin tsarin kulawa kuma basa bin matakan abinci.

A irin waɗannan halayen, lalacewar jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyi a ko'ina cikin jiki na iya faruwa. Rashin lafiya mafi yawanci yakan shafi idanu, kodan, kafafu, wurare dabam dabam na jini, da jijiyoyi, da gabobin tsarin halittar jini. Ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko wane irin cuta mai ciwon sukari zai iya haifarwa. Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta gado.

Rikice-rikice na kullum na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 sun haɗa da:

1. Cutar masu fama da ciwon sukari.
2. Rashin maganin ciwon sukari.
3. Cutar zuciya.
4. Cutar cututtukan mahaifa.
5. Bugun jini
6. Ciwon mara mai cutar kansa.
7. Ciwon ƙafar ƙafafun ciwon sukari.

Ciwon mara na Nephropathy

Cututtukan kamuwa da cuta mara kyau yana haifar da lalacewar ganuwar ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini na gabobin jiki daban-daban, ciki har da kodan. Wannan yana haifar da ciwon sukari mai narkewa.

Ta hanyar kodan, jini yana gudana ta hanyar da ake kira glomeruli, wanda yayi kama da glomeruli, mutum yana da sama da miliyan miliyan daga cikinsu. A cikinsu, ana tace jini kuma aka samar da fitsari na farko, tare da narkewar da ke ciki. Kyakkyawan bango na glomeruli ba shi da cikakkiyar ƙyalli, kamar su sunadarai, ko kaɗan kaɗan. Tsarkake jini daga kodan ya dawo cikin zuciya.

Rashin maganin ciwon sukari

Maƙasudin ciwon sukari yana shafar retina. Retina wani bangare ne na ido wanda ya kunshi sel wadanda suke karbar haske - sanduna da Cones. Wadannan sel ba za su iya haifuwa cikin rayuwa ba, don haka, don kyakkyawar hangen nesa ya zama dole don adana aikin su muddin zai yiwu. Don aikinsa, retina yana buƙatar wani adadin kuzari da oxygen, wanda yake karɓa ta hanyar ƙananan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini waɗanda suka ratsa ta tare da saƙa mai yawa. Kuma waɗannan tasoshin ne suka lalace ta yawan adadin glucose a cikin jini.

Cutar zuciya

Rashin magani ko rashin kula da cutar sikari na rage rayuwar mutum kuma yana lalata ingancinsa. Babban rabo a cikin wannan shine ci gaban rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki, duka microvascular, hankula don ciwon sukari, da kuma macrovascular. Ciwon sukari yana kara haɓakar ci gaban atherosclerosis - taƙaitawa ko cikakkiyar ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar jijiya, wanda ke haifar da mummunan yaduwar jini a cikin zuciya, kwakwalwa da ƙananan ƙarshen.

Cutar cututtukan mahaifa

Cutar mahaifa ta bayyana kanta a cikin masu fama da cutar siga bayan shekaru 40 da haihuwa. Ba kamar mutane masu lafiya ba, waɗanda a lokacin haɓakar wannan cuta suna jin zafi a maraƙin, a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus cutar sau da yawa ta ci gaba da ɓoyewa - ko dai ba tare da jin zafi ba (idan hankalin ya rikice a lokaci guda tare da neuropathy), ko kuma akwai zafin atypical a kusa da gwiwoyin. Wadannan rikice-rikice ana kuskuren gane su azaman matsalolin orthopedic. Babban mummunan sakamako shine gangrene - cikakken necrosis nama, yawanci yatsunsu.

Yana faruwa ne saboda toshewar cikin mahaifa ko jijiyoyin wuya, wani lokacin sakamakon katse bangon zuciya da zubar jini a cikin kwakwalwa.

Bugun jini na iya haifar da lalacewar ɗayan cibiyoyin kwakwalwa da kuma keta alfarmar ayyukan da suka dace, alal misali, magana, iya motsa jiki, cikakkiyar sifa, da dai sauransu. A wannan yanayin, rigakafin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa - ingantacciyar rayuwar rayuwa da kyakkyawan kula da ciwon sukari.

Peripheral neuropathy

An bayyana bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya ta hanyar keta hadarin jijiyoyi na kafafu, wani lokacin hannaye. Wadannan jijiyoyin suna sanar da mu game da wani abu mai zafi ko sanyi, ko wani abu yana latsa ko kuma mun ji rauni. Sabili da haka, masu ciwon sukari suna da matsala tare da tsinkaye na tsananin sanyi ko yawan zafin jiki, rabe-raben abubuwa daban-daban daga takalma ko raunin da ya faru. A cikin wadannan wuraren kamuwa da cuta a sauƙaƙe.

Idan an gano cutar neuropathy a cikin lokaci kuma an fara jiyya, bai kamata ya kasance ci gaba da rikitarwa ba.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia wani rikitarwa ne wanda ake nuna shi ta hanyar haɗuwar glucose na plasma sama da al'ada.

Sanadin cututtukan hyperglycemia sune:

• kasancewar kamuwa da kwayan cuta wanda a ciki ake kafa ire-irensu,
• rashin motsa jiki,
• cin zarafin mai-kalori mai yawan kitse,
• allurar insulin ta rashin aiki ko kuma a ƙarshen shanyewar kwamfutar.
• danniya
• cututtuka na gabobin somal.

Coma mai ciwon sukari

Wannan yanayi ne mai matukar hatsarin gaske ga masu ciwon sukari wanda ke hana damuwa da tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Yana faruwa saboda ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi ko raguwa a cikin haɗuwar glucose. Halin halayen marasa lafiya ne na cututtukan farko da na biyu.

Cutar sankarau ta faru:

• hypersmolar. Yana tasowa saboda ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi a cikin glucose na jini a lokacin bushewar fata,
• ketoacidotic. An kwatanta shi da tara tarin ketones a jiki,
• hypoglycemic. Ya zo sakamakon raguwar sukari a cikin jini,
• lactic acidemia. Yana ci gaba ta fuskar cigaban cuta a cikin hanta, zuciya da huhu.

Rashin rikicewar wuri yawanci ciwo ne, yana ci gaba cikin sauri. Saboda haka, lokacin da suka bayyana, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da sauri.

Menene sakamakon marigayi (na kullum)?

Ciwon sukari yana tsoron wannan maganin, kamar wuta!

Kawai kawai buƙatar nema ...

Rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari na yau da kullun yana haɓaka cikin shekaru 10 na gano cutar cuta ta endocrine. An wakilce su ta hanyar lalacewar tasoshin jini, kodan, hanta, idanu, kwakwalwa. Sakamakon na iya faruwa ɗaya ko haɗa ɗaya.

Retinopathy da cataract (gami da zonular)

Ana fahimtar cutar ta retinopathy yana nufin lalacewa ta baya.

Saboda karancin jini, yalwataccen tsari mai narkewa a cikin kayan gani.

A cikin manyan al'amura, cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, ana lura da kashin baya.

Cutar cataract shine wuce gona da iri na cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. An kwatanta shi da girgije da auna rage ruwan tabarau. A cikin masu ciwon sukari, yawanci yakan faru ne, wanda girgijewar wasu yadudduka da yawa na faruwa.

Macro da microvascular angiopathy

An fahinci rashin lafiyar Angiopathy a matsayin babbar jijiya da jijiya.. Ana lura dashi a cikin masu ciwon sukari tare da ƙwarewar shekaru 10-15. Ana rarrabe rikici a cikin macro- da microvascular. A cikin yanayin farko, ana shafar tasoshin matsakaici da babba, a cikin na biyu - capillaries, venules da arterioles.

Rashin jin daɗin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarshen

Polyneuropathy na ƙananan ƙarshen

Polyneuropathy cuta ne wanda ya shafi abin damuwa na farji, trigeminal, fuska, sciatic da oculomotor jijiyoyi.

Yana faruwa saboda isasshen wadataccen jini zuwa ƙwayoyin jijiya. Kwayar cutar ta haɗa da asarar ji, ciwo mai zafi, da ƙonawa a wuraren da abin ya shafa. Ulcers, foci na necrosis zai iya kafawa a kafafu.

Kafar ciwon sukari

Footafarin ciwon sukari wata matsala ce wacce ake kamantawa da lalacewar fata, ƙanana da manyan jijiyoyin wuya, gidajen abinci, ƙashi da tsokoki na ƙafafu.

A cikin marasa lafiya, yatsunsu sun lalace, hankali ya ɓace, rauni ya tashi akan fatar. Tare da ci gaba na gaba, gangrene na faruwa.

Cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyi

Wannan shine farkon rikicewar rikice-rikice wanda ke bayyana a cikin masu ciwon sukari. Dukkanin sassan jikin mai juyayi sun shafi: autonomic da na gefe, kwakwalwa da igiyar kashin baya.

Encephalopathy yana bayyanuwa da raguwa a cikin taro, ƙarfin aiki, sauyawa yanayi da rauni.

Za a iya samun paroxysms na autonomic, suma. Tare da ci gaba, ƙirar pyramidal insufficiency, rikicewar vestibular, hallucinations, paralisis an kara.

Hadarin da ke tattare da rikice-rikice shi ne cewa a matakin farko suna ci gaba ne a asirce. Saboda binciken su na kan lokaci wanda yake yin ciwon sukari lokaci-lokaci ana bincika shi.

Statisticsididdigar abin da ya faru

Yawancin nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 6%.

A yau, ana gano cutar a cikin mutane miliyan 60 a duk duniya.

6-10% ana ƙara kowace shekara zuwa jimlar yawan marasa lafiya. Rashin daidaituwa game da rikicewar endocrine yana haifar da nakasa da farkon mutuwa.

A cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, cututtukan zuciya suna faruwa sau 3, gangrene na ƙarshen - 20, makanta - sau 10 sau da yawa fiye da mutane masu lafiya.

A cewar masana na WHO, ciwon sukari na rage tsammanin rayuwa da kashi 7%.

Gwajin asali da kuma hanyoyin bincike

Don bincika rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari yi amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin kayan aiki.

Ba tare da gazawa ba, ana wajabta wa mutum cikakken bincike game da fitsari da jini, an ƙaddara matakin plasma glycemia.

Don ware retinopathy da cataracts, ana nazarin asusun jari-hujja da cornea. Don hana ischemia na zuciya, ana yin electrocardiogram. Ana gano cututtukan fitsari ta amfani da cikakken binciken fitsari.

Don bi da sakamako na ciwon sukari, ana amfani da magungunan hypoglycemic, ana amfani da maganin insulin. Don saurin warkarwa mai sauri, ana bada shawara don bin abinci. A wasu halaye, ana nuna aikin tiyata.

Harkokin insulin da magunguna na hypoglycemic

A cikin lura da rikitarwa, babban aikin shi ne maido da mafi kyawun matakin glucose.

Sannan ilimin ta fara yin sanyi, bayyananniyar za ta zama karbuwa. Kula da sukari ya dogara da abinci mai gina jiki, matakan lipid, nauyi.

Ana kula da ciwon sukari na 1 na musamman tare da allurar insulin. Wannan tiyata gaba daya yana maye gurbin samar da kwayoyin halittar ta hanji. Tare da pathology na nau'in na biyu, ana amfani da allunan saukar da sukari. Wasu lokuta ana ƙara allurar insulin a cikin ƙananan allurai.

Abincin far

An zaɓi abincin abincin kowane mai haƙuri daban-daban.Yi la'akari da aikin jiki, shekaru, nauyi.

Manufar maganin abinci shine a kiyaye sukari, cholesterol da mai a cikin iyakoki na yau da kullun.

Ya kamata bambancin abinci mai gina jiki ya ƙunshi adadin bitamin, salts ma'adinai, fiber da furotin.

Waɗanne matsaloli ne ke buƙatar kulawa da tiyata?

Ana gudanar da ayyukan a:

• kasancewar raunuka a kafafu da gungun dabbobi, wanda hakan na iya tsokanar da guba da jini,
• cututtukan koda (manyan abokanan likitocin tiyata wadanda ke yin jigilar koda sune nau'in 1 da masu cutar sukari 2),
• matsalolin ido
• hargitsi a cikin aikin zuciya.

Idan an kula da ciwon sukari gabaɗaya, an haɗa maganin insulin da abinci, to, yiwuwar haɓaka rikice-rikice zai ragu.

Yin rigakafin Cutar Malaria

Hanya daya tilo da za a iya hana hakan ita ce rama hanzarin glucose metabolism da kyau. Mafi kusancin sukarin jini zuwa ga al'ada, daga baya mutumin zai fuskanci sakamakon cutar endocrine.

Dietarancin abincin carb da aiki na jiki suna ba da damar rage buƙatar insulin da inganta kiwon lafiya..

Ya kamata mai haƙuri ya kiyaye nauyi a cikin iyakokin al'ada. Don dalilai na hanawa, ana kuma buƙatar ɗaukar gwajin jini da fitsari akai-akai, da kuma yin gwaje-gwaje ta ƙwararren masanin ilimin halittar jini.

Ciwon sukari na ciwo

Canje-canje na cututtukan ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki suna shafar kyallen ƙafafu a ƙasa da idon kafa. Mafi yawan lokuta, muna magana ne game da raunuka a kafafu ko necrosis a kan yatsun kafa. Footafarin ciwon sukari shine ɗayan haɗari mafi haɗari na ciwon sukari, amma 75% na lokuta za'a iya gujewa. Masu ciwon sukari yakamata su bincika yatsu a kowace rana, su kula da mafi ƙarancin raunin da ya faru, don hana haɓaka su zuwa babbar matsala wanda zai iya haifar da yanke yatsun ko kuma gaba ɗaya.