Ciwon sukari insipidus

Ciwon sukari insipidus wata cuta ce ta endocrine wacce ba kasafai ake tsokanar taba saboda rashi a jikin antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). Cutar tana faruwa ne sakamakon cin zarafin ruwa da kuma tsarin ƙwayar cuta na jikin mutum, don haka manyan alamun cutar insipidus masu ciwon sukari sune ƙishirwa na yau da kullun (polydipsia) da polyuria (haɓakar 6 zuwa 15 na ruwa na fitsari a kowace rana).

Cutar mafi yawancin lokuta tana faruwa ne a cikin matasa masu shekaru 18 zuwa 25 (tare da guda ɗaya a duka jinsi), duk da haka, lokuta na gano cutar insipidus na yara a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa an san su a cikin magani. Cutar na iya zama ko a cikin haihuwa ko kuma a samo shi. Siffofin da aka samo asali sun inganta ne yayin lokacin canje-canje na hormonal a cikin jiki: a cikin balaga da lokacin haila, da kuma lokacin daukar ciki.

Sanadin cutar

Ciwon sukari mellitus shine mafi yawanci cutar da aka samu. Hanyoyin bincike na yau da kullun na iya haifar da ci gabanta:

• cin zarafin vasopressin ta hanyar hypothalamus,
• take hakkin al'ada vasopressin a cikin jini, ji na ƙwarai da shi a cikin kodan,
• Pathology na hypothalamic-pituitary tsarin,
• sarcoidosis
• m ciwace-ciwacen daji na tsakiya juyayi tsarin,
• ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa wanda ke shafar aikin hypothalamus da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta,
• meningitis
• encephalitis
• warkarwa
• cututtukan autoimmune
• rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jiki,
• craniopharyngioma,
• maimaitawar jijiyoyin jiki,
• raunin kwakwalwa
• Ayyuka a cikin kwakwalwa (galibi haɓakar ciwon insipidus na haifar da cire ƙwaƙwalwar adenoma).

Hakanan kwayar halittar jini ita ce ta haifar da ciwon suga. Cutar an gaji ta duka da kuma layin dawowa, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ana haɗuwa da ita da rashin daidaituwar jijiyoyin jiki a cikin jiki (alal misali, jinkirta ci gaban glandar jima'i, gurguntar mai mai rauni, haɓaka haɓaka ta jiki, da sauransu).

Tsarin ciwon insipidus na ciwon sukari

Ciwon sukari insipidus rukuni ne na cututtukan endocrin da ke tattare da kasancewar alamomi guda ɗaya - sakin fitsari mai narkewa a cikin adadi mai yawa. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi insipidus na ciwon sukari na waɗannan nau'ikan:

• tsakiya
• nephrogenic
• polydipsia na jijiya

Ciwon sukari na tsakiya yana tasowa a cikin yanayi inda alamun adadi na hormone antidiuretic kasa da 75% na matakin al'ada. A wannan yanayin, cutar na iya zama a cikin haihuwa ko kuma a samo shi. Maganar cutar sankarar mama ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen mulkin mallaka. Hanyar da aka samo ta cutar sakamakon sakamako ne na raunin kwakwalwa, ciwace-ciwacen daji, cututtukan autoimmune ko cututtukan da ke haifar da lalacewar hypothalamus ko neurohypophysis, raunin da ya shafi tiyata.

Insipidus na ciwon sukari na Nephrogenic shine lalacewa ta hanyar rashin hankali na masu karɓa na epithelium masu karɓa zuwa hormone na antidiuretic. Hanyar da aka gada daga cutar ana iya haifar dashi ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin abubuwan karɓa mai karɓa. A lokaci guda, hypotonic polyuria, wanda shine babbar alamar cutar, tana haɓaka tare da wannan nau'in ciwon insipidus na yara a cikin yara. Haɓaka hanyar da aka samo na ciwon sukari yana tsokani hypokalemia, hauhawar jini, cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, da toshewar hanji. Babban fasalin rarrabewar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cutar nephrogenic (duka na maza da na biyu) shine babban juriya ga kulawa tare da shirye-shiryen maganin antidiuretic.

Polydipsia na jijiya (polydipsia na farko, diberiogenic diabetes insipidus) sakamakon lalacewar kwayoyin ne ko aiki a cikin cibiyoyin mutum na tsakiya na tsarin juyayi wanda ke sarrafa samar da vasopressin da kuma ƙishirwa ƙishirwa. Wannan yana haɗuwa tare da raguwa a cikin plasma osmolarity dangi zuwa matakin da ya wajaba don kunna aikin yau da kullun na maganin antidiuretic. Halin marasa lafiya, kamar yadda yake dangane da haɓaka sauran nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan guda biyu da aka bayyana a sama, ana kwatanta shi da ƙishirwa mai yawa da karuwar fitsari a rana.

A gefe guda, mata masu juna biyu ma suna da insipidus masu ciwon sukari. Cutar tana da kumburin yanayi, bayyanar ta bace kusan bayan haihuwa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon insipidus

Cutar mafi yawan lokuta tana bayyana kanta kwatsam. A farkon matakan ci gaba, alamunta na farko shine ƙaruwa a cikin yawan fitsari yau da kullum zuwa lita 5-15, tare da ƙishirwa mai ƙarfi. A wannan halin, fitsari yana da launin haske sosai kuma kusan ba shi da ƙarin ƙazanta. Mitar urin yawan motsa jiki sau da yawa yakan faru, har da dare. Sakamakon wannan, barci yana rikicewa, rashin bacci yana tasowa. Sannu a hankali yanayin mai haƙuri ya tsananta. Yayinda cutar ke ci gaba, alamomin masu zuwa na ciwon sukari insipidus na iya faruwa:

• ciwon kai
• fata bushe,
• asarar nauyi
• raguwa na yau
• nesa na ciki, tare da prolapse,
• take hakkin gastrointestinal fili,
• tashin hankali na mahaifa
• bugun zuciya
• rage karfin jini.

Ciwon sukari insipidus a cikin yara na farkon shekara ta rayuwa da kuma a cikin jarirai, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana gudana a cikin mummunan tsari. Alamar sifofinta sune:

• vomiting na rashin cikakken bayani game da ilmin halitta,
• zazzabi
• raunin jijiyoyin jiki.

A wani lokacin tsufa, yara kanana su inganta.

Bayyanar ciwon sukari insipidus

Bayyanar cututtuka na insipidus na ciwon sukari, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba shi da wahala, tunda an bayyana alamun asibiti na cutar. Abun binciken ya dogara ne akan sharuɗɗan masu zuwa:

• furta polyuria,
• polydipsia
• ya karu osmolarity plasma,
• babban sodium
• karuwar osmolarity na fitsari,
• rage yawan fitsari.

Baya ga gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje don bayyanar cututtuka na insipidus na ciwon sukari, ana buƙatar mai haƙuri ya yi gwaje-gwaje da zazzagewa da gwajin ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Wannan yana ba ku damar kafa abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar. Hoto na Magnetic reson kwakwalwa shima yana bada cikakkiyar sakamako na bincike.

Jiyya da ciwon sukari insipidus

Kulawa da ciwon sukari insipidus ya danganta ne da aikin kwantar da hankali ta amfani da analog na roba na maganin antidiuretic (galibi tsawon rayuwa) da kuma murmurewa mai warkarwa. Bugu da kari, an shawarci marassa lafiya su bi abinci tare da karancin abinci mai gina jiki don rage nauyi a kodan. Babban fifiko ya kamata a sanya shi a kan jita-jita da aka yi daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari tare da isasshen ƙwayar fats da carbohydrates. Mafi kyawun abinci shine ɗan abinci.

Lokaci na lura da ciwon insipidus na ciwon sukari yana samar da tsinkaya mai dacewa ga rayuwar mai haƙuri.