Sugararancin sukari na jini

Mintuna 10 da Lyubov Dobretsova 1506 suka buga

Hypoglycemia, ko, kamar yadda aka fi sani da shi, ƙarancin sukari na jini, yana da haɗari sosai, musamman ga masu fama da ciwon sukari. Zai iya ƙaddara ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka, lalacewar jin daɗin rayuwa gaba ɗaya, da kuma lokacin da ake bincika jini don matakan glucose, sakamakon wanda zai nuna ƙimar da ke ƙasa da tsarin yau da kullun da aka yarda.

Alamun da ke rakiyar wannan yanayin yawanci ba su yarda da jikin ɗan adam ba, kuma suna iya haifar da haɓaka mai sauri da mahimmancin alamu marasa kyau. A cikin wasu halayen, hypoglycemia yana nuna isasshen ingancin ingancin ciwon sukari mellitus ko kuma daidaitaccen hanya na tafiyar matakai na yanayin daban.

Cikakken jini a daki daki

Da farko, yana da kyau a faɗi cewa gwajin jini don sukari magana ce gabaɗaya, amma a cikin tsarin maganin zamani ba gaskiya bane. Kalmomin '' sukarin jini '' ya ta'allaka ne zuwa Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Likitoci da masu warkarwa na wannan lokacin sun yi imanin cewa adadin sukari yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da bayyanar ƙishirwar wuce kima, cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da yawan urination.

A yau, ba asirin ba ne ga likitoci cewa babu wani abu da ake kira sugar (sucrose) a cikin jini, saboda a lokacin binciken an tabbatar da cewa sauƙaƙa maye gurbinsu zuwa glucose ta hanyar halayen ƙwayar cuta. Kuma ita, biyun, ta riga ta aiwatar da ɗayan manyan ayyukan a cikin metabolism. Kuma yanzu, idan ya zo ga daidaituwa na sukari a cikin jini, abun ciki na glucose yana nufin, wani abu ne na duniya wanda ke ba da makamashi ga dukkanin ƙwararrun jikin mutum da gabobin jikinsa.

Tare da kasancewarta, ana aiwatar da motsi mai zafi, kwakwalwa da dukkanin jijiyar jiki suna wadatarwa, abubuwa masu guba kuma ana cire su daga jiki. Lokacin da aka samar da abinci, ana amfani da glucose ta kyallen, kuma ana adana shi kuma yana tarawa a cikin tsokoki da hanta a cikin nau'in glycogen, wanda idan ya cancanta, za a iya sake juyewa izuwa cikin sukari mai sauƙi kuma ya koma cikin jini.

Don haka, kewaya glucose a cikin jiki yana goyan bayan aikinsa na yau da kullun, kuma, sabili da haka, jin daɗin mutum. Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) yana nufin mafi mahimmancin abu dangane da aiki na rayuwa, kuma duk wani cin zarafin maida hankali zai iya haifar da ci gaban rikitarwa.

Baya ga glucose, lokacin rarrabuwar sucrose a cikin narkewa (hanji), shima an kirkiro fructose, wanda shima mai sauki ne, kamar na farko. A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, akwai rashi na hormones wanda ke inganta shaye-shaye, sakamakon abin da aka riƙe shi cikin jini, maimakon juyawa zuwa glycogen.

Ara yawan glucose a cikin jini, da na fitsari, alamomi ne na gwajin kai tsaye na cutar, kuma suna haifar da haɗari ga rayuwar ɗan adam da lafiya. Insulin da aka wajabta wa irin wannan mara lafiya yana taimakawa wajen canza glucose kyauta a cikin glycogen.

A wannan yanayin, yawanci yakan faru cewa zaɓin insulin da bai dace ba ko abincin da bai dace ba yana iya haifar da rashin glucose da haɓakar haɓaka, wanda shine yanayin haɗari iri ɗaya kamar cutar hauka. A wasu yanayi, mummunan sakamako na kiwon lafiya na iya haɓaka ko da glycemia na ɗan gajeren lokaci, musamman idan matakin ya faɗi cikin sauri.

Dalilin raguwa

Rage glucose na jini na iya zama ko dai a ilimin halayyar mutum, wato, a lura cikin mutane masu lafiya, ko a ilimin halittu, saboda faruwar wasu cututtuka. Abubuwan da ke haifar da karancin sukari marasa cutar sune:

• caloarancin kalori na abincin yau da kullun a sakamakon rashin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda zai iya kasancewa tare da tsaftataccen abinci, alal misali, don asarar ƙarin fam,
• magani da barasa maye, guban jiki tare da salkar arsenic, chloroform, rashin ruwa,
• tsawon lokaci tsakanin abinci, tsawon lokaci sama da awanni 8, rikicewar abinci (bulimia, anorexia), ƙishirwa,
• daskararren ruwa na saline ba tare da kara glucose a ciki ba,
• wuce gona da iri ta motsa jiki, misali, yawan aiki a lokacin aiki ko wasanni na ƙwararru,
• karuwar amfani da carbohydrates, wato, wuce haddi na Sweets, confectionery, shaye-shayen karafa tare da yawan sukari mai yawa, da abinci wanda ke da babban alaƙar glycemic.

A cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, akwai rashin ƙarfi, wanda jiki ke cirewa ta hanyar "ajiyar" ciki - ta hanyar jujjuyawar canji na glycogen da aka adana a cikin kasusuwa na hanta da hanta. Hakanan kuma, raguwar sukari na jini na iya faruwa saboda ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban, kamar:

• nau'in 1 da nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari mellitus - yawan glucose sau da yawa yakan faɗi a sakamakon yawan insulin da ya wuce ko wasu magunguna waɗanda ke taimakawa ragewa,
• koda, cutar sankara ko cutar hanta,
• na koda da gazawar zuciya, bugun jini,
• kiba, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, sarcoidosis, rikicewar hormonal,
• insulinoma cuta ce mai kumburin hanji, ƙwayoyin jikinta waɗanda suke da ikon samar da insulinoma, ta haka suke haifar da wuce haddi a jiki.

Mafi sau da yawa, raguwa na sukari na jini yana lura da ƙarancin insulin da ba a kulawa dashi ba, wanda ke nuna cewa hypoglycemia shine mafi haɗari ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari, kuma tilasta musu shan wannan hormone.

Matsayi na biyu an ba shi gajiya ta jiki wanda ya samo asali daga tushen yunwar ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka suna da ɗanɗano, ba koyaushe tare da ƙarin alamu ba, kuma ba tare da likita ba zai yuwu a gano dalilin da ya sa sukari ya faɗi.

Bayyananniyar hypoglycemia matsakaici

Domin kasancewa tare da kulawar ku koyaushe ku sami damar amsa sauri game da canji ga lafiyar danginku ko makusanta, ya kamata ku san manyan alamu waɗanda ke haɗuwa da sukarin jini. Abubuwan da ke bayyane na bayyane yawancin lokuta suna kasancewa cikin balaga:

• jana'izar gaba daya, rashin gajiya,
• ciwon kai, tsananin farin ciki,
• rawar jiki a cikin wata gabar jiki, da makubancinta,
• tachycardia (palpitations)
• saurin bugun zuciya, bacci,
• wuce kima juyayi, rashin damuwa,
• jin yunwa, gumi,
• Rashin daidaituwa game da motsi, fatar fuskar ta a fuska ce,
• ɗaliban sun yi diba, hangen nesa biyu a idanu, duhu.

Dukkanin alamun da ke sama na ƙananan sukari na jini ana iya lura dasu a zaune ko a kwance, ko kuma mai bacci. Suna zuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa kwakwalwar tana cin glucose a cikin kusan adadinsa kamar tsokoki, idan kuma ya rasa, to shima yana jin yunwa.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mutum yana da bacci mara hutawa, yawanci yana tare da alamuran dare, yana iya nuna hali babu kakkautawa, yayi kokarin tashi ba tare da farkawa ba. A sakamakon haka, mai haƙuri yakan fadi daga gado, yana yin gumi sosai, yana farkawa daga matsewar a ƙarshen ƙarshen, kuma da safe yana fama da ciwon kai.

Idan ba a gudanar da glucose ga mutum a wannan matakin na hypoglycemia (mafi kyau a cikin wani tsarin mai narkewa: sukari, Sweets, zuma, cake, da dai sauransu), to yanayinsa zai tsananta. Droparin raguwa cikin ƙwayar glucose na iya haifar da mummunan ciwo da haɗari ga lafiyar haƙuri da rayuwa:

• rikice,
• magana mara amfani
• kai tsaye harin.

Rage girma da ƙarin matakan glucose wani lokaci yakan haifar da bugun jini da / ko coma, yawanci bayan haka mutuwa zata iya faruwa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na raguwar sukari

Rage yawan glucose a cikin mafi yawan lokuta yana tasowa a cikin marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari na 1 waɗanda suke buƙatar allurar insulin ƙananan ƙwayoyin yau da kullun. A wasu yanayi, saurin raguwa cikin yawan sukari yana haifar da yawan yawan insulin saboda rashin amfani.

A lokaci guda, zai iya raguwa sosai cikin marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari na 2 waɗanda suke shan magunguna waɗanda ke motsa ayyukan insulin ta hanji. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan sune abubuwan da suka dace na sulfonylurea da shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar meglitinide. Lokacin da glucose na jini ya faɗi sosai, mutum yakan fara alamomin halayen, sune:

• tachycardia, rawar jiki,
• pallor na fata,
• asarar damar kewaya cikin sarari,
• rage jinkirin halayen ko, a taɗiyya, hali mara hutawa, tashin hankali.

Sugararancin sukari na jini a cikin mata masu juna biyu

Bayyanar cututtukan glucose na jini a cikin mata ba su bambanta sosai da alamun wannan halin a cikin maza. Tare da raguwa a cikin kayan da aka bayyana, wakilan rabin rauni na bil'adama na iya samun:

• yaduwar zuciya, hade da tsananin rashin fahimta da kuma jin damuwa,
• jin rauni, rauni na gani, rawar jiki da rauni a cikin gabar jiki,
• karuwar gumi da kuma bayyanuwar tsananin tsananin yunwa.

Yawancin sukari mai yawa ana lura da su a cikin matan da suka haifi ɗa, musamman a cikin farkon farkon lokacin ciki. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon canji mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin hormonal, wanda ke kara ji daɗin insulin a cikin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum. Sakamakon haka, jikin jikin mace mai ciki yana amfani da glucose da sauri.

Kuma kwayoyin halittar tayi suna bukatar glucose. Ba kamar bambancin ciwon sukari da ke faruwa a cikin mata masu juna biyu ba, ƙananan glucose na jini a cikin mata masu shirya zama uwa ba shi da haɗari musamman, amma yana buƙatar abinci mai narkewa kawai. Wato, suna buƙatar cin abinci sau da yawa, amma a cikin ƙaramin rabo.

Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?

Reswanƙwasa don rage yawan glucose wanda ake bayyanar cututtuka na hypoglycemia ɗaiɗaice ne ga kowane mai haƙuri. Wasu mutane na iya jin al'ada tare da alamar dake ƙasa da 2.2 mmol / L, yayin da wasu, darajar 3 ta zama mai mahimmanci, kuma suna iya haɓaka ƙima.

Marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari na 1 ya kamata su auna sukarin su sau da yawa a rana ta amfani da keɓaɓɓen sukarin gulkin jini. Waɗanda ba su amfani da wannan na'urar ba, kuma galibi ba su zargin kasancewar ciwon sukari (don mafi yawanci, waɗannan manya ne waɗanda suka kamu da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin balaga), ya kamata su faɗakar da kuma zama wani yanayi don ziyarar kwararrun likitan dabbobi:

• karuwa mara tsammani cikin hutun zuciya
• jin gajiya da rauni a cikin ƙananan gabar jiki,
• sweara yawan ɗumi a cikin rashi na rashin aiki,
• kumbura na tsoro marasa amfani, da rawar jiki
• rashin iya maida hankali
• daga rauni ko rashi,
• karancin gani.

A yayin bayyanar mutum ɗaya ko da yawa, ayyukan farko na mutum yakamata ya kasance neman taimakon likita da kuma yin duk gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba. Likita zai ba da shawara ga mai haƙuri dalla-dalla, gaya muku abin da za ku yi a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, kuma mai yiwuwa ku ba da shawarar daidaita yanayin rayuwa.

Norms da karkacewa

Don kada ku ɓatar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin glucose, amma, akasin haka, don bin diddigin jini a kan lokaci, kuna buƙatar zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje a kan komai a ciki kuma kuyi gwajin jini daga yatsarku. A gida, ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da glucometer, wanda kowane mai ciwon sukari ya kamata ya samu.

Gwanin jini yana cikin kewayon 3-6 mm / l, wato:

• jarirai 2.7-4.5 mmol / l,
• tsofaffi yara - 3-5.5 mmol / l,
• manya - 3.5-6 mmol / l.

Bai kamata a manta da cewa ga manya ana kimanta darajar 5.5-6 mmol / l ana ƙararrawa ƙararrawa bane, wanda a cikin magungunan ana kiransa yanayin ciwon suga. Sauyawa daga cikin mahaifa zuwa ƙarancin ƙa'idar na iya nuna ɓacin jiki ko rashin lafiya na dindindin.

Halin da ke rage glucose na jini sosai, kuma a lokaci guda yana haɗuwa da alamu na jijiyoyin zuciya: ciwon sihiri, rashi na hankali, yana da haɗari sosai, don haka yana buƙatar magani na asibiti nan da nan. A cikin aiwatar da ilmin likita da gyaran matakan sukari na jini, tabbas za a gudanar da ƙarin nazarin, wanda zai taimaka wajen fahimtar dalilin waɗannan karkacewar.

Kuma shima likita zaiyi magana da marassa lafiya game da matakan inganta jiki, wanda ya hada da rage cin abinci, daina munanan halaye, yakar kiba da isasshen hutu. A matsayinka na mai mulki, canje-canje a tsarin rayuwa, abinci, da tsarin abinci a farkon matakan cutar suna taimakawa rage yiwuwar manyan matsalolin rashin lafiya.

Yaya za a taimaka tare da matsanancin rashin ƙarfi na hypoglycemia?

Dole ne a dakatar da mummunar yanayin cutar sankara a cikin 5-10 na mintuna, in ba haka ba akwai yuwuwar suma da sauran rikice-rikicen rayuwa. Don yin sama da rashin glucose a cikin jini, ya kamata ku ci ko ku sha wani abu mai daɗi ko ya ƙunshi carbohydrates.

Mafi ingancin samfuran da ke taimaka wajan kawar da hari a cikin minti 5-10 sune:

• ruwan 'ya'yan itace (rabin kofina ya isa),
• sukari (cokali 1-2),
• zuma (cokali 2),
• matsawa (1-2 tablespoons),
• caramel (1-2 inji mai kwakwalwa.),
• lemun tsami ko wani abin sha mai zaki (1 kofin).

Bayan cin abinci, za a dakatar da harin, amma ba shi da mahimmanci a yi watsi da alamun da ke gabanta, koda kuwa ba ta haifar da rashin jin daɗi sosai ba. Ya kamata a tuna cewa a kowane minti (tare da sashi mara kyau na rage karfin sukari na jini ko tsallake abinci), harin na iya dawowa, kuma ba a san irin girman da zai yi ba.

Ga marasa lafiya. Duk wani alamun hypoglycemia ya kamata ya zama wani lokaci don ziyarar likita da cikakken bincike. Idan ba a gano alamun cutar ba, to ya zama dole a yi amfani da shawarar likitan don rage yiwuwar sake faruwar alamun alamun tashin hankali. Game da gano cutar - nemi shawara da alƙawura na warkewa wanda zai inganta yanayin tsarin endocrine.