Hyperglycemia: sanadin, bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Hyperglycemia alama ce ta asibiti wanda ke haɗuwa da haɓaka ko yawan abun ciki na sukari (glucose) a cikin ƙwayar jini. A wata al'ada ta 3.3-5.5 mmol / l a cikin jinin mai haƙuri tare da hyperglycemia, abubuwan da sukari ya wuce 6-7 mmol / l.

Tare da gagarumin ƙaruwa a cikin glucose jini (har zuwa 16.5 mmol / l ko sama da haka), yiwuwar yanayin precoatous ko ma coma yana da girma.

Taimako tare da hyperglycemia

Ciwon sukari, kuma, a sakamakon haka, hyperglycemia, yana yaduwa cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki a duk duniya, ana ma kira shi da annoba a karni na 21. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama dole a san yadda ake yin yadda yakamata kuma yadda yakamata a samar da taimako tare da cutar hauka. Saboda haka, idan akwai wani hari:

• Don rage yawan acidity a cikin ciki, kuna buƙatar cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da yawa, ku sha ruwa mai yawa na ruwan alkaline tare da sinadarin sodium, alli, amma ba da cikakken ruwan kwalba na ruwan chlorine. Maganin 1-2 na cakulan soda ga gilashin ruwa a baki ko enema zai taimaka
• Don cire acetone daga jiki, maganin soda yana buƙatar kurkura ciki,
• Ci gaba da shafa fata da tawul ɗin damp, musamman ma a cikin wuyan hannu, a ƙarƙashin gwiwoyi, wuya da goshi. Jikin yana bushewa kuma yana buƙatar maimaita ruwa,
• Ya kamata a auna marasa lafiyar insulin-da-sukari don sukari, kuma idan wannan alamar ta wuce 14 mmol / l, ya kamata a ɗauki allurar cikin gaggawa kuma a samar da abin sha mai yawa. Daga nan sai a aiwatar da wannan ma'aunin a duk sa'o'i biyu sannan a sanya allurar insulin har sai matakan suga na jini ya saba.

Bayan samun taimako na farko don maganin cututtukan hyperglycemia, mai haƙuri tare da kowane sakamako ya kamata ya tuntuɓi cibiyar likita, yin jerin gwaje-gwaje da karɓar magani da kansa.

Al'ada da karkacewa

An ƙaddara matakan sukari na jini ta amfani da gwaji mai sauƙi na venous ko gwajin jini. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin a dakin gwaje-gwaje a kan kansa ko a hade tare da sauran gwaje-gwajen jini. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade tare da glucometer dinka, ƙaramin na'urar da ke ba ku damar sarrafa matakin glucose ku da sauri kuma sau da yawa, ba tare da zuwa likita ko lab ba.

Hyperglycemia alama ce ta ciwon sukari (nau'in 1 da 2) da ciwon suga. Matsakaicin yawan glucose na jini na iya bambanta dan kadan a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban, amma akasarinsu (a kan komai a ciki, da sanyin safiya) an ƙaddara a tsakanin 70-100 mg / dl. Matsayi na glucose na iya haɓaka dan kadan bayan cin abinci. Random matakan glucose na jini yawanci basu cika 125 mg / dl ba.

Me ke haifar da hauhawar jini?

Sanadin cututtukan hyperglycemia na iya zama da yawan cututtuka, amma har yanzu abin da ya fi yawa daga cikinsu shi ne cutar sankara. Ciwon sukari yana shafar 8% na yawan jama'a. Tare da ciwon sukari, matakan glucose yana ƙaruwa ko dai saboda rashin isasshen insulin a cikin jiki, ko kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa ba za a iya amfani da insulin da kyau ba. A yadda aka saba, kumburin yana samar da insulin bayan cin abinci, sannan kwayayen na iya amfani da glucose a matsayin mai. Wannan yana ba ku damar kula da matakan sukari na jini tsakanin iyakoki na al'ada.

Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na kusan 5% na duk cututtukan sukari da sakamako daga lalacewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta wanda ke da alhakin ɓoye insulin.

Ciwon sukari na Type 2 ya fi yawa sosai kuma ana alaƙa shi da gaskiyar cewa ba za a iya amfani da insulin da kyau ba. Baya ga nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, akwai masu ciwon suga da ke motsa jiki, wani nau'in ciwon sukari wanda ke tasowa a cikin mata masu juna biyu. A cewar kididdigar, daga 2 zuwa 10% na mata masu juna biyu suna fama da ita.

Wani lokacin hyperglycemia ba shine sakamakon ciwon sukari ba. Sauran yanayin kuma suna iya haifar dashi:

• Kwayar cutar kansa (kumburi)
• Ciwon daji na kansa
• Hyperthyroidism (ƙara yawan aikin thyroid),
• Ciwon Cushing (tsawan matakan cortisol a cikin jini),
• Kwayoyin cutar ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba na yau da kullun ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da glucagon, pheochromocytoma, ci gaban haɓakar ƙwayoyin hormone,
• Mai matukar damuwa ga jiki, kamar bugun zuciya, bugun jini, rauni, mummunan cututtuka na iya haifar da hauhawar jini na wani lokaci,
• Shan wasu magunguna, kamar su prednisone, estrogens, beta-blockers, glucagon, maganin hana daukar ciki, phenothiazines, na iya haifar da karuwa a cikin gulluwar jini.

Menene alamu da alamun hyperglycemia?

Tare da haɓaka matakin glucose a cikin jini, ana yawan ganin bayyanar glucose a cikin fitsari (glucosuria). A yadda aka saba, bai kamata a sami glucose a cikin fitsari ba, tunda ƙodan ya sake cika shi.

Babban alamun bayyanar cututtukan hyperglycemia yana ƙaruwa da ƙishirwa da haɓakar urination. Sauran alamu na iya haɗawa da ciwon kai, gajiya, hangen nesa, yunwar, da matsaloli tare da tunani da kuma natsuwa.

Increaseara yawan hawan jini a cikin jini na iya haifar da gaggawa (“masu ciwon sukari”). Wannan na iya faruwa tare da nau'in ciwon sukari guda 2 da kuma nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 suna inganta ketoacidosis na masu ciwon sukari, kuma marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna haɓaka cututtukan hyperosmolar bezketonovy (ko kuma hyperosmolar coma). Wadannan abubuwan da ake kira rikice-rikice na hyperglycemic sune mummunan yanayi wanda ke barazanar rayuwar mai haƙuri idan ba a fara magani nan da nan ba.

A cikin lokaci mai tsawo, hyperglycemia na iya haifar da lalata gabobin da kyallen takarda. Dogaro da hauhawar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta yana raunana martabar rigakafi, wanda ke haifar da rauni mai warkarwa da raunuka. Hakanan za'a iya shafa tsarin jijiya, jijiyoyin jini, kodan, da hangen nesa.

Yaya ake gano cututtukan hyperglycemia?

Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen jini daban-daban don tantance hyperglycemia. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Random Glucose na jini: Wannan bincike yana nuna matakin sukari na jini a wani lokaci da lokaci. Matsayi na al'ada yawanci daga 70 zuwa 125 mg / dl, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya.
• Yin Azumi: Tsinkaita glucose na jini da safe kafin cin abinci da sha. Gullen azumi na yau da kullun bai wuce 100 mg / dl ba. Idan za a iya ɗaukar matakin 100-125 mg / dl ana iya kamuwa da ciwon suga, da kuma 126 mg / dl da sama - an riga an ɗauke shi azaman ciwon sukari.
• Gwajin haƙuri na glucose: Gwajin da ke auna matakin glucose a cikin jini sau da yawa a cikin lokaci na lokaci bayan cin sukari. Mafi yawanci ana amfani da ita don bincikar cutar sankarar mahaifa.
• Glycosylated haemoglobin: wannan shine ma'aunin glucose wanda ke hade da sel jini, mai nuna alamun glucose a cikin watanni 2-3 da suka gabata.

Yaya ake magance cututtukan hyperglycemia?

Matsakaici ko mai jinkirin yawanci sau da yawa baya buƙatar magani, ya dogara da dalilin sa. Mutanen da ke da hauhawar jini a cikin matsakaici a cikin jini ko masu ciwon suga na iya samun raguwar sukari ta canza tsarin abincinsu da rayuwar su. Don tabbata cewa kun zaɓi abincin da ya dace da salon rayuwa, yi magana da likitanka game da wannan ko amfani da hanyoyin da za ku iya amincewa da su, kamar bayani daga Diungiyar Ciwon sukari.

Insulin shine magani na zabi ga mutanen da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari na 1 da kuma magance yanayin haɗarin rayuwa da ke haɗuwa da hauhawar haɓakar glucose jini. Mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na iya amfani da haɗuwa da magunguna na baki da na allurar rigakafi. Wasu marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari na 2 kuma suna amfani da insulin.

Hyperglycemia wanda wasu dalilai na iya haifar da tsaftacewa yayin gudanar da cutar da cutar. A wasu halaye, ana iya rubuta insulin don daidaita matakan glucose yayin jiyya.

Wadanne rikice-rikice na iya faruwa tare da hyperglycemia?

Rikice-rikice na dogon lokaci tare da tsawan jini na iya zama mai rauni sosai. Suna faruwa a cikin mutane masu ciwon sukari idan yanayin ba shi da kulawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan yanayi suna haɓaka sannu a hankali kuma ba tare da iyawa ba, na dogon lokaci. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• Cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini wadanda zasu iya kara hadarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya, bugun jini, da kuma cututtukan zuciya,
• Rashin aikin koda, gazawar koda,
• Lalacewa a cikin jijiyoyi, wanda zai haifar da konewa, tingling, zafi da azanci mai rauni,
• Cututtukan ido, gami da lalacewar retina, glaucoma da cataract,
• Cutar cutar sankara.

Wanne likita don tuntuɓar

Idan akwai ƙishirwa, ƙoshin fata, polyuria, yakamata ku nemi likita kuma kuyi gwajin jini don sukari. idan an gano cututtukan hyperglycemia, ko kuma likitan yana zargin wannan yanayin, za a tura mai haƙuri don neman magani ga mahaukacin endocrinologist. A yayin taron cewa hyperglycemia ba shi da alaƙa da ciwon sukari, ana kula da cutar ta hanyar taimakon likitan zuciya, likitan ƙwayoyin cuta, gastroenterologist, oncologist. Yana da amfani sosai ga marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da cutar sikila don su tattauna da mai ƙoshin abinci kuma su koya game da sifofin abinci mai gina jiki tare da haɓaka sukari na jini.

Rarrabawa

Dangane da abubuwan etiological, waɗannan nau'ikan cututtukan hauka sun bambanta:

• na kullum - ci gaba saboda rashin lafiyar ƙwayar cuta ta hanji,
• tausayawa - bayyana kanta a cikin mayar da martani ga wani karfi psycho-wani tunanin girgiza,
• Alimentary - Ana lura da haɓakar taro a cikin abinci bayan an ci abinci,
• hormonal. Dalilin ci gaban shine rashin daidaituwa na hormonal.

Na kullum

Wannan nau'in ya ci gaba da ciwon sukari. Rage insulin insulin shine babban dalilin wannan yanayin. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar lalacewar sel na koda, har ma da abubuwan gado.

Hanya na yau da kullun yana da nau'i biyu:

• postprandial hyperglycemia. Mayar da hankali yana ƙaruwa bayan cin abinci,
• fata. Zai ci gaba idan mutum bai cinye abinci ba tsawon awanni 8.

• mai sauki. Matakan sukari sun tashi daga 6.7 zuwa 8.2 mmol / L,
• matsakaita daga 8.3 zuwa 11 mmol / l,
• mai nauyi - alamomi sama da 11.1 mmol / l.

Alimentary

Considereda'idodin alimentary ana daukar su a matsayin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wanda ke ci gaba bayan mutum ya ci abinci mai yawa na carbohydrates. Hankalin glucose yana tashi cikin awa daya bayan cin abinci. Babu buƙatar gyara hyperglycemia na alimentary, tun da matakin sukari da kansa ya sake komawa matakan al'ada.

Symptomatology

Yana da mahimmanci a hanzarta gano haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin matakin glucose a cikin jini don ba wa mara lafiya taimako na farko da hana ci gaba da rikitarwa. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanin manyan alamun cututtukan hyperglycemia:

• mai saurin fushi, alhali ba abin da ya motsa shi,
• matsananciyar ƙishirwa
• numbashi na lebe
• tsananin sanyi
• apparin ci abinci (alamar halayyar alama),
• wuce kima gumi
• tsananin ciwon kai
• rage hankali span,
• alamar halayyar rashin lafiya shine bayyanar ƙamshin acetone daga bakin mai haƙuri,
• gajiya,
• urination akai-akai,
• bushe fata.